Slup (Czech Republic)

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Sloop
Coat of arms of Slup
Slup (Czech Republic) (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1572.498 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 47 '  N , 16 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '53 "  N , 16 ° 11' 57"  E
Height: 191  m nm
Residents : 491 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 28
License plate : B.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : František Jeleček (as of 2006)
Address: Sloop 42
671 28 Jaroslavice
Municipality number: 594784
Website : www.slup.cz

Slup , until 1949 Čule , (German Zulb ) is a Czech municipality in Jihomoravský kraj ( South Moravia ). Slup is located about 15 km southeast of the district town of Znojmo ( Znaim ) and about 5 km from the border with Austria . The place itself is laid out as a longitudinal tangle village.

geography

The neighboring towns are in the northeast Valtrovice ( Waltrowitz ), in the east Křídlůvky ( Klein Grillowitz ), in the southeast Jaroslavice ( Joslowitz ) and in the northwest Strachotice ( Rausenbruck ).

history

The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with their special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were especially in the 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place is in a document of King Ottokar I from November 7th, 1228. A mention dated earlier (1052) turned out to be a forgery from the 12th century. The place was under the rule of the Oslawan nunnery in the 14th century. In 1509 the place was pawned by King Wladislaw to a Wilhelm von Pernstein. From 1548 the place and Meierhof belonged to the Joslowitz rule . Although Zulb was already referred to as a market in 1516, the market survey did not take place until 1860. At the time of the Reformation , the place was Protestant from 1560 to 1609. After the repression of the class uprising in Bohemia, which triggered the Thirty Years' War , the possessions of the rebellious nobles were confiscated by the emperor and sold to other nobles. So Zulb came under the rule of Cardinal Dietrichstein, who initiated the Counter Reformation and thus led the place back to the Catholic faith. Registries have been kept since 1650. Online search via the Brno State Archives. In 1735 the first teacher in town is mentioned. The children from the neighboring villages of Miezmanns and Klein-Olkowitz also went to primary school. In 1829 the school was expanded and due to demand a four-class school was built in 1889.

The local mill, a more than 400 year old building in the Renaissance style and with four water wheels the largest mill in all of Moravia, now houses the South Moravian Mill Museum. The last pilgrimage to Mariazell takes place in 1907. Most of the population lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries in South Moravia, played a special role. Hunting was also profitable, with 800 hares shot annually. In addition to agriculture, there was also the usual small business.

Between 1560 and 1609 the place was Lutheran.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The First World War claimed 49 dead or missing. The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. This also meant that Zulb, whose inhabitants were exclusively German South Moravians in 1910 , fell to the new state. In the interwar period , high unemployment among the German population, measures such as the 1919 land reform , the 1926 language ordinance, resettlements and new appointments of civil servants by people of Czech nationality, led to increased tensions throughout the country. When the autonomy demanded by the Sudeten Germans was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers induced the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus, on October 1, 1938, Zulb became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . In those years the place Klein-Olkowitz (today: Oleksovičky) was incorporated into Zulb.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 101 dead and missing, on May 8, 1945 the community returned to Czechoslovakia. One man was killed as a result of the harassment and torture by the Czech militias. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. Many German South Moravians fled, others were wildly driven across the border to Austria , especially on August 8, 1945 . When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between March and October 1946, 52 Zulbers were forcibly resettled to West Germany . 26 people remained in the place, which was repopulated. The property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Zulbers located in Austria were deported to Germany in accordance with the “transfer” targets mentioned in the Potsdam communiqués, up to around 190 people. Eight people emigrated to other countries. In 1949 the municipality Čule was renamed Slup and the district Knast ( Gnast ) was renamed Hnízdo . Hnízdo was later reassigned to Vrbovec .

After the war, donations from the displaced persons were used to erect a plaque of honor for those who died in the First and Second World Wars and the grave of Dean Franz Windisch (crypt of the Holly family from 1810) and the statues of St. Sebastian and St. Nepomuk renovated at the Zulber cemetery.

Coat of arms and seal

In 1649 the first seal of the place was created. It contains a label showing a hill with three lilies growing out of it. Rosettes can be seen on the side of the flowers, creating the overall impression of a bouquet. After the market survey in 1860, the seal was continued until 1892. Around 1937, Zulb ran an image-free community temple.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 1216 1216 0 0
1890 1303 1303 0 0
1900 1330 1330 0 0
1910 1382 1379 0 3
1921 1380 1285 69 26th
1930 1367 1277 73 17th
1950 577 x x x
1980 534 x x x
1998 386 x x x
2002 429 0 390 39
2014 473 x x x

Community structure

The municipality of Slup consists of the districts and cadastral districts Oleksovičky ( Klein Olkowitz ) and Slup ( Zulb ).

Attractions

  • Parish church Maria Namen (1228), baptismal font from the beginning of the 16th century, renovated in 1845, neo-Gothic high altar from 1867 with 7 statues, chapel of St. Sebastian (17th century)
  • Statue of St. Sebastian (1860), renovated in 1832 and rebuilt in 1913 due to lightning strike
  • Wayside shrine of St. Nepomuk (1st half of the 18th century)
  • Wayside shrines (St. Sebastian (1860) and St. Nepomuk)
  • Watermill (16th century), today a branch of the Technical Museum in Brno

  • Front view

  • Mill wheels

regional customs

Rich customs as well as numerous fairy tales and legends enriched the lives of the German locals who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • In addition to Kirtag on the 2nd Sunday in September, “Cross Monday”, the former fair and pilgrimage day, is the second big event in the town. The merchants then set up their stalls and high mass is celebrated on Sunday.
  • In mid-May there was the big procession during the prayers from the church to St. Sebastian (1st prayer), to the Steinerkreuz with Trinity statue (2nd prayer), in the direction of Geißberge to the Wuchtykreuz (3rd prayer), back to Malter an der Hauptstraße (4th prayer) . Prayer), to the bell house in Klein-Olkowitz (5th prayer), over the Kirchweg and the Lukabruck to St. Nepomuk (6th prayer), final prayer in the church in Zulb.
  • Every year there was a pilgrimage on Ascension Day to the pilgrimage church of Maria Dreieichen near Horn. The last pilgrimage took place in 1943.

The legends of

  • the pilgrimage church "Maria under the willows"
  • the buried conversion bell
  • the hanged man who wanted his stolen lungs back
  • the glass toana
  • the little cross on the poor sinners way

literature

  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
  • Karl Bauer: The old legends of Zulb
  • Karl Bauer: Old legends of Klein Olkowitz and Zulb (1999)
  • Karl Bauer: Marriage and Proclamation Book of the Catholic Parish in Zulb
  • Karl Bauer: Parish of Zulb, South Moravia
  • Thomas Berger: Provisional directory of addresses of the former residents of the municipality of Zulb (1970)
  • Thomas Berger: Heimatbuch Zulb by Johann Mühlberger (1982)
  • Thomas Berger: Heimatbuch Zulb Kreis Znaim 6th part (1993/94)
  • Thomas Berger: Given to Zulb (1998)
  • Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  • Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German questions , legal opinion, publisher: Langen Müller, 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0
  • Peter Glotz : The displacement , Ullstein, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-550-07574-X

swell

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and crafts in South Moravia , Zulb, s. 45, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Zulb, s. 269f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 289 (Zulb).

Web links

Commons : Slup  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594784/Slup
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ a b Předpis č. 3/1950 Sb.
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ^ Gregor Wolny : Margraviate Moravia. 1837, p. 296
  7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II, p. 192
  8. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  9. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. , 2009
  10. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  11. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  12. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  13. ^ A b Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 218, 289, 409, 421, 423, 431 (Zulb).
  14. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  15. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  16. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  17. ↑ J. Tertsch: Heimatkunde Zulb (1898), p. 22
  18. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984; Český statistický úřad, www.czso.cz; Haramzová Silvie: Program hospodářského a sociálního rozvoje obce Slup, diplomová práce, VŠE Praha, 2003
  19. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/594784/Obec-Slup
  20. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/594784/Obec-Slup
  21. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Zulb p. 516
  22. ^ Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, 181f