Etobon
| Etobon | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Haute-Saône | |
| Arrondissement | Lure | |
| Canton | Héricourt-2 | |
| Community association | Pays d'Héricourt | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 39 ′ N , 6 ° 41 ′ E | |
| height | 343-585 m | |
| surface | 12.26 km 2 | |
| Residents | 288 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 23 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 70400 | |
| INSEE code | 70221 | |
 Mairie Etobon |
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Étobon is a municipality in the French department of Haute-Saône in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté . In September 1944, the village was the scene of a massacre in which around a tenth of the population were shot by German soldiers.
geography
Étobon lies at an altitude of 440 m above sea level, ten kilometers northwest of Héricourt and about 14 kilometers west of the city of Belfort (as the crow flies). The village extends in the southern foothills of the Vosges , on a slope sloping slightly to the south below the castle hill, which belongs to the hilly area of the Chérimont .
The area of the 12.26 km² municipal area includes a section in the southern Vosges foothills. The central part of the area is occupied by a wide saddle, which is an average of 400 m. It separates the catchment areas of Lizaine in the east and Scey in the west. Thus, the western part of the municipality is drained by the Ruisseau du Fau , the eastern part by the Ruisseau de Chenebier and the Ruisseau des Noriandes . This saddle is flanked in the south by the Bois de la Thure (563 m), in the north by the isolated Schlossberg and the Chérimont, where the highest elevation of Étobon is reached at 585 m. These elevations belong to the predominantly wooded hill country, which forms the southwestern continuation of the Vosges and is composed partly of red sandstone , partly of Permian layers, partly the crystalline basement comes to light.
The hamlet of Les Chésaux (425 m) on the saddle south of the village belongs to Étobon . Neighboring municipalities of Étobon are Clairegoutte and Champagney in the north, Chenebier in the east, Luze in the south and Belverne in the west.
history
Etobon is first mentioned in a document in 1275 under the name Estoboin . Over time, the spelling changed from Etaubon (1343) to Etobon (1588). The existence of the medieval castle Étobon has been documented since 1256. Initially, Étobon formed a rule that was under the sovereignty of the Dukes of Burgundy. Through an inheritance, the rule came to the House of Württemberg (Counts of Montbéliard) in 1397. In 1519 the castle was sacked by Guillaume de Furstemberg, Lord of Héricourt, because he was in conflict with the Counts of Montbéliard. The village was also affected by the invasion of the Guisen in 1587/88 . The lordship of Étobon was annexed to the county of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) in 1620 and from then on shared its fate.
During the 18th century, many residents emigrated to Canada because of overpopulation. With the annexation of the county of Montbéliard, Étobon finally came into French hands in 1793.
During the Second World War in 1944, the village was affected by fierce fighting between the French resistance movement and German troops. On September 27, 1944, the Etobon massacre occurred : German soldiers executed 39 residents of the village and deported another 27 to Germany, seven of whom were shot a few days later.
Since 2001, Étobon has been a member of the Communauté de communes du Pays d'Héricourt, which comprises 20 localities .
Attractions
The Protestant village church of Étobon was built between 1854 and 1858 and has a richly carved pulpit. The rectory was built from 1828 to 1829. The parish belongs to the Lutheran parish association Le Mont Vaudois with eleven others . Various houses from the 17th to 19th centuries in the traditional Franche-Comté style have been preserved in the town center. The medieval castle, which was once 220 m long and 60 m wide, fell into ruin in the 17th century and was used as a quarry for the construction of houses in the village.
population
| Population development | |
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1962 | 212 |
| 1968 | 213 |
| 1975 | 210 |
| 1982 | 230 |
| 1990 | 218 |
| 1999 | 264 |
With 288 inhabitants (January 1, 2017), Étobon is one of the small communities in the Haute-Saône department. After the population had decreased significantly in the first half of the 20th century (not least due to the massacre in September 1944) (501 people were still counted in 1886), a period of stagnation set in. The population has increased again since 1990.
Economy and Infrastructure
Until well into the 20th century, Étobon was primarily a village characterized by agriculture (arable farming, fruit growing and cattle breeding) and forestry. In addition, there are now some local small businesses. In the meantime, the village has also turned into a residential community. Many employed people are therefore commuters who go to work in the larger towns in the vicinity and in the Belfort-Montbéliard agglomeration.
The village is away from the major thoroughfares. The main access is from the main D438 road from Héricourt to Lure . The closest connection to the A36 motorway is around 20 km away. Other road connections exist with Champagney and Chenebier.
Web links
proof
- ↑ Peter Lieb : Conventional war or Nazi ideological war? Warfare and the fight against partisans in France 1943/44, Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-57992-5 , p. 498.
- ↑ The other constituent communities are in Belverne, Brevilliers, Chagey, Champey, Chenebier, Couthenans, Échenans-sous-Mont-Vaudois, Héricourt, Luze, Tavey and Trémoins.
- ↑ See "Mont-Vaudois: l'églises ou temples luthériens" , on: Les temples ou églises luthériennes de France , accessed on January 22, 2016.