.it
| Top-level domain .es | |
|---|---|
| introduction | April 14, 1988 |
| category | country-specific |
| Registry | Red.es |
| Award | unrestricted |
| number | 1.7 million (as of January 2015) |
.es is the top-level domain of Spain . It exists since April 14, 1988, is Red.es managed.
Award criteria
Any natural or legal person can own an .es domain. A residence or a branch in Spain is not necessary. The Spanish domains must have at least a length of three characters where there are exceptions such as hp.es or pp.es . Registrations are not only carried out on the second, but also on the third level, for example below .com.es and .org.es .
In the case of natural persons, the registration office requires the identification of the ID card number, in the case of legal persons, the indication of the VAT identification number.
The top-level domain in Spain was initially - like .fr for France - repeatedly criticized due to the restrictive award criteria. Experts complained that even small countries do not have such high demands on interested parties and thus make their domains accessible to a wider public. In 2005 the award criteria were liberalized in line with other ccTLDs. The change in the award criteria led to high growth rates in the following years.
particularities
The activation of a .es domain usually takes place within a few hours after ordering. For many years, the registration of .es domains was only possible for a limited group, such as universities . The public procurement began on November 8, 2005 at 7:00 am after rights holders were able to submit orders a few weeks in advance ( sunrise period ).
The availability of .es domains can be determined by querying the standard Whois server on port 43, but the IP address of the querying client must be stored at the registration office. Since October 2007, the .es domain can also contain special characters such as ñ, ç or accented vowels á, é, í, ó, ú and ü.
Controversy
The top-level domain became known to a wider public in July 2010. The reason was a lawsuit brought by the FC Bayern Munich sports club before the Cologne Higher Regional Court based on the domain fc-bayern.es . According to the court, the owner infringed the plaintiff's trademark rights.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Registered .es domains. In: Domains.info. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014 ; accessed on January 23, 2015 (current .es domain number).
- ↑ Domain Delegation Data. IANA , accessed January 23, 2015 .
- ↑ a b .es domain. united-domains , accessed on July 12, 2012 ("Features" tab).
- ↑ Florian Hitzelberger: Users have to stay outside. In: domain-right. July 29, 2003, accessed February 13, 2013 .
- ↑ Florian Hitzelberger: News from .es, .br and .iq. In: domain-right. July 10, 2005, accessed June 13, 2013 .
- ↑ Florian Hitzelberger: Worldwide more than 153 million domains. In: domain-right. March 13, 2008, accessed December 20, 2013 .
- ↑ Florian Hitzelberger: Departure into the second-level era. In: domain-right. November 10, 2005, accessed October 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Florian Hitzelberger: FC Bayern wins before Cologne Higher Regional Court. In: domain-right. July 19, 2010, accessed June 13, 2013 .