Port of Hamburg

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Port of Hamburg
Data
UN / LOCODE DEHAM
operator Hamburg Port Authority (HPA)
opening May 7, 1189
Port type Tidal port
Total area of ​​the port 7,200 ha
Piers / quays Burchardkai, Tollerort, Altenwerder, Eurogate (all for containers) u. a.
Passengers 900,562 (2018)
810,000 (2017)
722,000 (2016)
525,000 (2015)
Throughput 136.6 million t sea ​​traffic (2019)
135.1 million t sea (2018)
136.5 million t sea (2017)
138.2 million t sea (2016)
137.8 million t sea (2015)
Container (TEU) 9.3 million TEU (2019)
8.73 million TEU (2018)
8.82 million TEU (2017)
8.91 million TEU (2016)
8.82 million TEU (2015)
website www.hafen-hamburg.de
Geographic information
place Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
country Hamburg
Country Germany
Shipping traffic on the Elbe in Hamburg
Shipping traffic on the Elbe in Hamburg
Coordinates 53 ° 32 '24 "  N , 9 ° 58' 58"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 32 '24 "  N , 9 ° 58' 58"  E
Port of Hamburg (Hamburg)
Port of Hamburg
Location of the port of Hamburg

The Port of Hamburg is an open tidal port on the Lower Elbe in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg . It is the largest seaport in Germany and the third largest in Europe after the port of Rotterdam and the port of Antwerp (as of 2017). Measured in terms of standard container handling figures from 2012, with its four container terminals it was the second largest container port in Europe after Rotterdam and the seventeenth largest in the world. In 2015 it was the third largest container port in Europe after Rotterdam and Antwerp.

meaning

Aerial view of the western port of Hamburg with a view over the Köhlbrand and Waltershof

Shipping routes connect it with more than 900 ports in over 170 countries. 2008 was the year with the largest turnover of goods to date: 140.4 million tonnes of goods, of which 95.1 million tonnes were in containers, which corresponds to 9.73 million standard containers . The remainder of the turnover was for general cargo and bulk cargo . In the crisis year 2009 , total throughput fell by 21% and container throughput by 28%. The throughput figures in 2014 exceeded the values ​​of 2008 for the first time. While in 2015 bulk throughput increased by 5.8% to 45.5 million tonnes, container throughput decreased by 9.3% to 8.82 million  TEU , the total sea cargo throughput fell by 5.4% to 137.8 million tons. By increasing the envelope in hinterland transport in inland seaport Hamburg in 2015 the second largest inland port in Germany was up 13.8% to 12.4 million tonnes. Around 130,000 TEU were handled in this segment  (+ 27.5% compared to the previous year).

In addition to the transshipment of goods, (mostly imported) goods are stored and commercially processed (e.g. refined) in the Port of Hamburg. It is a location for the mineral oil industry ( see below ). Most of the approximately 1.2 million tons of green coffee imported each year is stored and refined here. The shipbuilding on the Hamburg shipyards has declined sharply since the 1960s. The harbor is a tourist attraction ( harbor tours ); From the north bank of the Elbe you have a good view of it in many places. Since around 2006, an increasing number of cruise ships have been calling at the Port of Hamburg.

The origins of the Port of Hamburg go back to the 9th century . However, due to an imperial charter, the 7th May 1189 is considered the date of foundation, which is celebrated every year with a festival lasting several days, the port birthday . From the middle of the 19th century , it was expanded to its present size with numerous docks and quays . Since the 1970s, due to the increasing use of containers in merchant shipping , he has experienced a massive restructuring of land use and the world of work. The Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) manages the port. It emerged in 2005 from the Office for Electricity and Port Construction . The HPA is an institution under public law (AöR) and the owner of the majority of the port properties.

location

Eastern part of the port, 2011
Map of the port of Hamburg from 1910
Hamburg and the surrounding area around 1914, after the first expansion of the Waltershof ports
Aerial photo of the port of Hamburg, 2005

The port of Hamburg is located on the Lower Elbe and about 100 kilometers from the mouth of the Elbe into the North Sea near Cuxhaven. It is still considered a sea ​​port , as it can be called by seagoing vessels up to a draft of 15 meters. This is made possible by regular fairway dredging and deepening . Taking advantage of the tidal waves, a ship draft of 13.8 m is possible, with the management of the Oberhafenamt also 15.1 m when entering at the height of the tide. Seagoing ships with a draft of up to 12.8 m can reach the port regardless of the tide. It is noteworthy that the mean tidal range at the St. Pauli gauge has doubled with an average movement of 3.63 m in the 20th century.

The area of ​​the port usage area stretches from the Holzhafen in Billwerder Bucht and the Peute in Veddel in the east to Finkenwerder in the west, from the customs canal between Hamburg's old town and Speicherstadt , the St. Pauli Landungsbrücken and the Altona fishing port in the north to the Harbor basin in Harburg in the south. It takes up almost a tenth of the area of ​​the city and occupies or touches a total of fourteen districts: north of the Norderelbe it borders on Rothenburgsort , the old town, the Neustadt and St. Pauli , surrounds the HafenCity and includes the area in front of the Große Elbstraße in Altona ; south of the Norderelbe it includes most of the Veddel, the Kleine Grasbrook , Steinwerder and Waltershof in full and the banks of the Elbe from Finkenwerder; on the Süderelbe it covers parts of Harburg and Wilhelmsburg as well as Altenwerder completely.

The entire port area, which is under port administration beyond the usage area , can be divided into 13 areas according to location and time of origin:

  • the harbor edge of the northern bank of the Norderelbe from the St. Pauli fish market to the baumall
  • Today's HafenCity with the Speicherstadt and the new building area also on the northern side of the Elbe, from the Zollkanal to the Elbe bridges
  • the right side of the Elbe east of the Elbe bridges, with the former Entenwerder customs port , the Billwerder Bay with its wooden port as far as the Oortkaten port and the Bunthäuser tip of the Elbe island Wilhelmsburg
  • the Veddel and the Peute , also east of the Elbe bridges on the left bank of the Elbe
  • the Kleine Grasbrook on the south bank of the Norderelbe, across from HafenCity, from Überseezentrum to Reiherstieg , bounded in the south by the Spreehafen
  • the Steinwerder harbors on the south bank of the Norderelbe from Reiherstieg to Köhlbrand with the former Neuhof district to the south to Köhlbrandbrücke
  • the Waltershof ports from Köhlbrand to the pilot house Seemannshöft on the Bubendey bank
  • the port expansion area of Finkenwerder
  • the port expansion area of Altenwerder
  • the Wilhelmsburg port areas between Reiherstieg and Köhlbrand with Rethe and Hoheschaar
  • the Harburg harbor on the south bank of the Süderelbe
  • the former Altona harbor from the Altona fish market to the museum harbor Oevelgönne
  • the Niederelbe to the Tinsdal lighthouse or to the Estes barrier

history

Container terminal Altenwerder 2006, view from the sealed Old Süderelbe over the Köhlbrand

In the course of its existence, the Port of Hamburg has shifted spatially from a landing site at a Bille estuary in the old town, via an Alster port to the well-known port on the Elbe, where it has advanced far west. Container ships and highly automated transhipment have dominated the picture since the 1970s . In 1968, with the erection of the first container bridge on Burchardkai, the expansion of Waltershof to the Burchardkai container terminal (CTB) by Hamburger Hafen- und Lagerhaus-AG (HHLA) began. With the construction of the Köhlbrand bridge , the Kattwyk lift bridge for the port railway and the new Elbe tunnel , all in 1974, the logistical prerequisites for the growing transport demand were created. This was followed in 1977 by the Tollerort container terminal , which was also taken over by HHLA in 1996, and the Eurogate Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH) on Predöhlkai in Waltershof in 1999 .

The port expansion law of October 30, 1961 took up plans of the Hamburg-Prussian port community from 1929 and provided for the former villages of Altenwerder, Francop and Moorburg for the expansion of the port. In 1973 the Hamburg Senate decided to vacate Altenwerder. The port development plan presented in 1989 also adhered to the port expansion in the southern Elbe region. In spite of massive protests from the population, Altenwerder was finally and completely cleared and torn down by 1998, only the church and the cemetery remained. In 2002 the Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA) started operations at this point , it was considered the most modern terminal in the world.

The port economy has shifted down the Elbe; From the 1980s, the port basins on the Großer and Kleiner Grasbrook did not meet the requirements of a seaport in terms of size, depth or space. The space requirement in the container ports is also different than with conventional transshipment; large storage and loading areas are required. In the meantime, numerous docks have been filled in again, B. the Indiahafen , the Vulkanhafen or the Griesenwerder Hafen to create these parking spaces here. The port areas close to the city center became industrial wastelands for which the city was looking for new uses. So z. For example, in the entire area between Kehrwieder and the large Elbe bridges, the heart of the port in the 19th century, the new HafenCity district has been built for residential, work and leisure purposes since 2004 . It is considered to be one of the most ambitious urban development projects of our time.

Panoramic view of the Elbe and the Port of Hamburg from the Church of St. Michaelis, view of Steinwerder, the confluence of the Reiherstieg on the left, the mouth of the ferry canal in the middle, on the right the premises of the Blohm + Voss shipyard

Structure of the port area

The port area covers a total area of ​​7,236 hectares, of which 6,403 hectares are usable, of which 4,249 hectares are land (3,416 hectares usable) and 2,987 hectares are water surfaces (total usable). In addition, there are 833 hectares of port expansion area, i.e. areas that are reserved for further port expansion, e.g. B. large parts of Finkenwerder and the Moorburg district . 1,634 hectares (i.e. 23%) were exempt from customs duties and import sales tax as free port areas until December 31, 2012 . Access to this otherwise fenced-in free zone of control type I was only possible at customs crossings where vehicles and people could be checked for compliance with customs regulations. On January 1, 2003, the area of ​​today's HafenCity including the Speicherstadt was removed from the free zone to make residential development possible. On January 1, 2013, the free zone was completely abolished.

A special feature is the Moldauhafen , an area of ​​30,000 square meters in the eastern part of the Kleiner Grasbrook. On the basis of the Versailles Treaty of 1919, it was leased to Czechoslovakia for 99 years , which, as an inland area adjacent to the Elbe, was thus given an exclave to the sea trade routes .

The usable land area of ​​the entire port of 3,416 ha is used 26% for transshipment, 13% for logistics and 30% for commercial purposes (12% of which is used by the mineral oil industry). The remaining areas are used for the transport infrastructure to 13%, the supply and disposal to 4%; 3% are green spaces and 3% open spaces. Around two hundred companies with around 40,000 people work in this area.

Panorama view of the Port of Hamburg from the Altona balcony with a view over the Köhlbrandhöft with the main sewage treatment plant in the Köhlbrand

Administration and organization

The Port of Hamburg is now managed by the Hamburg Port Authority (HPA), which is the owner of most of the port properties for the City of Hamburg. The handling is organized by Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA), which is now a semi-private port logistics company and emerged from the State Quay Administration and the Hamburger-Freihafen-Lagerhaus-Gesellschaft . It is still the owner and manager of most of the port facilities.

Hamburg Port Authority (HPA)

As an institution under public law of the City of Hamburg, the HPA is the owner of the majority of the port area and, as a subdivision of the Authority for Economics and Labor (BWA), oversees the port. It emerged in 2005 from the Office for Electricity and Port Construction and at the same time took over the port-related tasks of the Office for Ports, Services and Economic Infrastructure . It operates the port management, is responsible for the port's administrative issues, port communication, the water and landside infrastructure, in particular the port railway , the road and bridge network as well as the safety of shipping and property management. The Oberhafenamt , the Seemannsamt and the Hamburg Storm Surge Warning Service (WADI) report to it. Their main office has been in Speicher P am Wandrahm in the Speicherstadt since 2006 .

Its historical development goes back to the Düpe Commission (Düpe is the Low German word for water depth) founded in 1555, which oversaw the port's fairway and was supposed to ensure sufficient water depth for shipping. In 1814 the commission was transferred to the shipping and port deputation , from which the office for electricity and port construction was formed in 1863 . Until 1918, this office was solely responsible for port expansion measures, expansion of waterways and port railway systems. At the same time, the deputation for trade administered shipping and the port industry. After the administration was democratized from 1918 onwards, some restructuring took place until in 1929 all port matters were brought together under the roof of the Office for Electricity and Port Construction .

Port of Hamburg Marketing (HHM)

The Port of Hamburg Marketing eV (HHM) is an association under private law that emerged in 2001 from the Port of Hamburg Sales Promotion and Advertising (HHVW). Its predecessor institution Port of Hamburg - The General Agent was founded in 1973 and was designed as a board of trustees made up of the Hamburg port industry, ship brokers and forwarding agents, the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce , the tourist office (Hamburg-Information) and the then authority for economy and transport . The association sees its main task in the location marketing of the port, it should be the contact person for port-related inquiries and establish contacts in a non-competitive manner. He also presents the Port of Hamburg at events and trade fairs. Further tasks are the issuing of publications, the organization of events and market research . The HHM sees itself as a cooperation partner of the Hamburg Port Authority (HPA).

Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG

The so-called Speicherstadtrathaus in the Speicherstadt, HHLA's headquarters

The HHLA (HHLA) is the largest port logistics companies in the city, by the year 2007, the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg was the sole shareholder of the corporation. Then the company was split into different business areas and part of the company was privatized by going public in November 2007.

The company has its roots in 1864: with the creation of the modern port facilities on the Großer Grasbrook, the State Quay Administration was founded . Among other things, she was responsible for organizing the transshipment, maintaining the quay facilities and their machines. Another state foundation was the Hamburger Freihafen-Lagerhaus-Gesellschaft (HFLG) in 1885 , whose task was to implement and manage the Hamburg warehouse district, and to take over the construction and maintenance of all other port facilities in the following period. It was set up as a stock corporation from the start: the city contributed the property of 30,000 square meters and the Norddeutsche Bank the capital of nine million Reichsmarks. A purchase fund was set up from the dividend, with which the city bought the shares in the bank. From 1927 the city of Hamburg was the sole shareholder.

On April 1, 1935, the State Quay Administration and the HFLG merged to form the Hamburger Hafen- und Lagerhaus-Aktiengesellschaft (HHLA). On October 1, 2005, it changed its name to Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG while retaining the abbreviation . On January 1, 2007, HHLA split into the Port Logistics and Real Estate subgroups in order to go public with the Port Logistics division in November 2007:

  • The real estate subgroup, which includes real estate that is not specific to port handling ( Hamburger Speicherstadt and Fischmarkt Hamburg-Altona GmbH ), was invested in shares that are not traded on the stock exchange and are still fully owned by the City of Hamburg.
  • The Port Logistics subgroup includes the container , intermodal and logistics operations , as well as the holding division and HHLA's port-specific properties.

HHLA has its headquarters in the so-called Speicherstadttrathaus on the street near St. Annen in the Speicherstadt.

Pilot house Seemannshöft

Hamburg Vessel Coordination Center HVCC

The Hamburg Vessel Coordination Center is a joint venture between the two terminal operators Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA) and EUROGATE Container Terminal Hamburg GmbH and, as an inter-company coordination point, ensures orderly large ship, feeder and inland waterway traffic in the Port of Hamburg. The entry of the ships to the Port of Hamburg is coordinated, as is the rotation in the port and when leaving the port after handling. This is done for large container ships, bulkers, cruise, feeder or inland vessels, whose owners or charterers use this to manage their planning processes. can optimize.

As part of this so-called passage planning, the HVCC determines reliable arrival times, enables optimal port logistics and guarantees the reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. With this data, the shipping company or the ship's command can adjust the cruising speed and route for the ideal arrival and avoid unnecessary anchor times. Furthermore, the port logistics can be optimized, i. H. Terminals, pilots, mooring lines and other port service providers can adapt their plans and plan the necessary resources and provide them in good time. Ship chandlers are in the right place with no waiting times to supply the ship with fresh food, consumer goods and technical material. If a cruise ship arrives in the port of Hamburg, a change of passengers of up to 6,000 travelers may be necessary. The appropriate number of buses and taxis must be made available in good time to avoid waiting times.

In 2019, the HVCC coordinated the inflow to the Port of Hamburg for over 3,200 large ships and determined the ideal arrival time of a ship, taking into account berth occupancy, encounter traffic , tide and weather, and coordinated it with the responsible authorities. The HVCC is a partner of the International Task Force Port Call Optimization .

Pilot station and ship reporting service

The port pilots , the ship reporting service and the nautical center are responsible for monitoring and coordinating safe and smooth ship traffic in the entire port of Hamburg from Oortkaten to the Tinsdal lighthouse. All three institutions have been combined since 1977 and housed in the pilot house Seemannshöft on the Bubendeyufer. Seagoing vessels over 90 m long or more than 13 m wide and all tankers are required to have a pilot. The ships coming from the sea are manned by a port pilot between Blankenese and Teufelsbrück and advised on the further journey to the port. Ships going to sea are handed over by the harbor pilot to the Elbe pilot at Teufelsbrück, who accompanies the ship to the Kiel Canal or the Elbe estuary. The dock for the pilot transfer boats is located in the rear Köhlfleethafen .

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Hafen Steinwerder, 1903
Aerial view of the harbor basin in Steinwerder
Magdeburg Harbor 2006, construction site Übersee-Quartier HafenCity; the rows of stakes are the remains of a demolished cold store
Sandtorhafen with traditional ship port
Maakenwerder Hafen has become the southern entrance to the New Elbe Tunnel, with the CTB containers above it

Docks and quays

The port of Hamburg still uses:

  • 13 docks and quays for the handling of goods or specific purposes (except container terminals)
on the Kleine Grasbrook: Hansahafen (mainly RoRo handling )
in Steinwerder: Steinwerderhafen, Werfthafen (Blohm + Voss), Kuhwerderhafen, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Hafen, Ellerholzhafen and Oderhafen
in Waltershof: Petroleumhafen II, Köhlfleethafen (pilot station), Köhlfleet (forest products), Dradenauhafen (steel works Arcelor Mital ), Sandauhafen (bulk goods)
the Harburg-Wilhelmsburger tank ports: Rethehäfen (Neuhöfer Hafen, Kattwykhafen, Blumensandhafen), Hohe-Schaar-Hafen
there are also the four harburg seaports;
  • four quay facilities for container handling (container terminals):
Ballinkai Altenwerder (CTA) of HHLA with four berths
Burchardkai (CTB) of HHLA at Waltershofer Hafen with six berths and at the Parkhafen with one berth and Athabaskakai opposite Övelgönne / Neumühlen with three berths
Predöhlkai (CTH) from Eurogate at Waltershofer Hafen with seven berths (western expansion not until 2022 at the earliest)
Tollerort (CTT) Europakai of HHLA at the outer harbor with five berths
  • six river ports, to a limited extent as feeder and transshipment ports for inland shipping:
on the small Grasbrook: Moldauhafen , Saalehafen and Klütjenfelder Hafen
in Steinwerder: Travehafen and Rosshafen
in Waltershof: Rugenberger Hafen
the Hamburg Cruise Center HafenCity (CC1) at the Chicagokai near the city in HafenCity with two berths
the Hamburg Cruise Center Altona (CC2) on the Edgar-Engelhard-Kai in Altona, which was previously used for the England ferry
the Hamburg Cruise Center Steinwerder (CC3) in the middle of the harbor
  • There are also two landing stages for seagoing ships with passenger service (piers):
at the Überseebrücke
at the St. Pauli Landungsbrücken

The historic port and quay facilities, which are no longer considered for port management, are used differently today or have been filled in.

  • Historic harbors with a different meaning today:
Inland port and Niederhafen as former Hamburg ports
Neumühlen quay (today partly museum harbor Oevelgönne ) and the fishing harbor as former Altona harbors
Harburg inland port with overwintering port, shipyard port, wooden port, Ziegewiesenkai, Lotsekanal, department store quay, western and eastern train station canal and traffic port
  • Former harbor basins and quays from the 19th and 20th centuries with different uses:
Sandtorhafen (today Traditionsschiffhafen in HafenCity), Grasbrookhafen (planned marina in HafenCity), Strandhafen, Magdeburg Harbor, Brooktorhafen, Ericusgraben, Baakenhafen , Kirchenpauerhafen (all HafenCity)
Holzhafen in Billwerder Bay and Müggenburger Zollhafen on the Veddel
Spreehafen, formerly the central river port, now silted up and berth for houseboats
  • filled in docks:
on the small Grasbrook: Südwesthafen (2000), Segelschiffhafen (1976), Indiahafen (1999)
in Steinwerder: Rodewischhafen (2007), Vulkanhafen (2002), coal ship port (partially, 2002)
in Waltershof: Maakenwerder Hafen (1970, southern entrance to the new Elbe Tunnel), Griesenwerder Hafen (2003)
  • fallow docks:
Peutehafen (Veddel), Schluisgrovehafen (Wilhelmsburg)

A planned but never realized harbor basin is the Mühlenwerder Hafen on Waltershof.

Traffic control system DIVA (dynamic information on traffic volume in the port)
Ellerholzschleuse - Locking lock between Reiherstieg and Ellerholzhafen

Infrastructure

The port offers around 320 berths for ocean-going vessels on 43 km of quay walls, including 38 large ship berths for container and bulk carriers, 97 berths on dolphins and 60 landing berths including HADAG ferry berths . 137 km of public roads, 156 km of banks and 314 km of port railway tracks run through the land . There are three road and pedestrian tunnels and 147 bridges, of which 53 are fixed railway bridges, 52 fixed road bridges, 5 pedestrian bridges, 9 other and 11 movable bridges, including the lift bridges Kattwykbrücke over the Köhlbrand and Rethe lift bridge in Wilhelmsburg and the bascule bridges Sandtorhafen bascule bridge in HafenCity, the Reiherstieg bascule bridge in Wilhelmsburg, the Holzhafen bascule bridge in Rothenburgsort and the Lotsekanal bascule bridge in Harburg. There are also over two hundred harbor and pontoon jetties. The water levels in the various channels and waterways are three weirs ( Tatenberg lock , Ernst-August-lock and Harburg port lock ) and three locking locks ( Ellerholzschleuse , Rugenberger lock and Reiherstieg lock ) regulated. In addition, the port has a nautical center in the pilot house Seemannshöft , 130  beacon towers and ten gauge systems . In addition to dykes and polder systems, seven storm surge barriers serve to protect against flooding.

The port railway guarantees freight rail traffic from the port of Hamburg. Its construction began in 1866 as an essential part of the transhipment concept at the same time as the quay facilities on the Großer Grasbrook, with a 700 m long double-track "Quaibahn" from Sandtorkai to the Berlin train station on Deichtorplatz. Today's track network in the Port of Hamburg covers 375 km, 30% of goods are handled by rail, and in particular 70% of container handling. Estimates assume that 10% of all German freight rail traffic begins or ends in the Port of Hamburg.

Local public transport and ferries

HADAG route network

Local public transport in the Port of Hamburg is mainly used by those in employment in the port. Within the Hamburger Verkehrsverbundes (HVV), in addition to the six bus routes operated by Hamburger Hochbahn AG (HHA) and VHH, ferries are the preferred means of transport.

Passenger shipping in the port of Hamburg is provided by HADAG Seetouristik und Fährdienst AG (HADAG), which is now a subsidiary of Hamburger Hochbahn AG . The company was founded in 1888 as a shipping company under the name Hafendampfschiffahrts-Actien-Gesellschaft . The primary goal and business area was to bring the port and shipyard workers to the otherwise hard-to-reach jobs after the relocation of large parts of the port to the other side of the Elbe. Today, HADAG operates seven ferry lines with 24 ferries that serve a total of 21 berths. Line 62 from St. Pauli Landungsbrücken to Finkenwerder and its extension, line 64 from Finkenwerder to Teufelsbrück, as well as the Hamburg-Blankenese- Este -Linie (HBEL) from Blankenese to Cranz im Alten Land are popular beyond rush hour traffic Ferries for day trippers and tourists.

economy

The main use of the port is for cargo handling, another important branch of the economy in the port is industrial production and raw material processing, here in particular the refinery of mineral oil, there are also grain mills and coffee and tea processing plants. The importance of shipbuilding in the Port of Hamburg has steadily declined since the 1960s. Since the turn of the millennium, growth has been recorded in passenger shipping, particularly cruise lines.

Cargo handling

Around two thirds of the handling of goods takes place in general cargo , and almost 98% of this in containers (machines and systems, chemical products and raw materials, food, clothing, metals, paper and cardboard, electrical products, furniture and wood products, vehicles), and one third in bulk (ores, mineral oil, coal, crude oil, oil fruits, fertilizers, grain, building materials). The handling of goods brings with it the large work area of ​​logistics (storage and transport). About a third of the handling relates to the transshipment area, i.e. the relocation from sea to feeder ships for onward transport.

Handling statistics

In 2007, a total of 12,217 ocean-going vessels with 217,160 GT called at the port, of which 7492 container ships, 933 conventional general cargo carriers, 1759 bulk carriers, 1495 tankers, 200 RoRo ships, 72 vehicle transporters and four special cargo ships. In 2009, with the decrease to 10,131 seagoing vessels with a simultaneous slightly increased volume of 217,977 GT compared to 2007, the trend towards larger ships can be foreseen. This involved 5589 container ships, 817 conventional general cargo carriers, 1614 bulk cargo carriers, 1431 tankers, 272 RoRo ships, 127 vehicle transporters and seven special cargo ships. In 2015, 8745 seagoing ships called at Hamburg, but the number of large ships over 100,000 GT rose to 762 (2014: 640). In 2016, 8,719 ocean-going vessels were handled in freight and passenger traffic.

The total throughput increased continuously up to 2007, with general cargo and especially container throughput taking clear priority over bulk cargo . In 2009 the throughput fell drastically as a result of the global economic crisis and did not reach a new high until 2014. In 2015, container throughput plummeted by 9.3%, especially in the exchange of goods with Russia (-36%), Singapore (-16%) and China (almost -15%).

In inland waterway traffic, 11.5 million t of goods were handled in Hamburg in 2017, 119,000 TEU of which were containers.

Handling statistics of the Port of Hamburg
year Total throughput
in million [t]
General cargo handling,
total in million [t]
Container handling
in million [t]
Container handling
in million TEU
Degree of containerization
(percentage of general cargo)
Bulk cargo handling
in million [t]
1888 6.3 - - -
1913 25.5 - - -
1933 19.6 - - -
1967 35.4 11.5 0.86% 23.9
1977 51.5 26.0% 44.9
1980 63.1 18.1 6.9 0.800 38.1% 44.9
1990 61.4 28.6 20.3 1,969 68.6% 32.8
2000 85.1 48.7 45.3 4,240 93.1% 36.4
2001 92.4 4,690
2002 97.6 6,100
2003 106.3 66.9 64.3 6.138 96.1% 39.4
2004 114.5 76.7 74.0 7.003 96.5% 37.8
2005 125.7 85.8 83.0 8.100 96.8% 40.0
2006 134.9 92.1 89.5 8,862 97.2% 42.7
2007 140.4 98.7 95.8 9,890 97.1% 41.7
2008 140.4 97.9 95.1 9.737 97.1% 42.5
2009 * 110.4
(-21.4%)
73.6
(-24.8%)
71.2
(-25.1%)
7.008
(-28.0%)
96.7% 36.8
(-13.4%)
2010 * 121.1
(+ 10.0%)
80.9
(+ 9.9%)
78.4
7,896
(+ 12.7%)
96.8% 40.3
2011 * 132.2
(+ 9.1%)
92.6
(+ 14.4%)
90.1
(+ 15%)
9.014
( + 14.2 %)
39.6
(−1.6%)
2012 * 130.9
(−1%)
91.5
(-1.2%)

8.864
(-1.3%)
97.7% 39.4
(−0.4%)
2013 * 139
(+ 6.2%)
96.8
(+ 5.7%)
94.9
9.26
(+ 4.4%)
98.0% 42.3
(+ 7.2%)
2014 * 145.7
(+ 4.8%)
102.7
(+ 6.1%)
100.7
(+ 6.2%)
9.73
(+ 5.1%)
> 98.0% 43.0
(+1.7%)
2015 * 137.8
(−5.7%)

90.6
8.82
(−9.3%)
45.5
(+ 5.8%)
2016 * 138.2
(+ 0.3%)
1.5 | 93.2
(−11%) |               
91.7
(+1.2%)
8.91
(+1.0%)
98.4% 44.9
(−1.3%)
2017 * 136.5
(−1.2%)
1.4 | 91.7 
(−6%) |              
90.3 8.82
(−1.0%)
98.4% 44.7
2018 * 135.1
(−1.0%)
1.5 | 90.9 
(+ 5.8%) | (−0.9%)   
89.4
(−1.0%)
8.73
(−0.9%)
98.3% 44.2
(−1.2%)
2019 * 136.6
(+1.1%)
95.3
(+ 4.8%)
9.3
(+ 6.1%)
41.3
(−6.4%)
Remarks:
* The percentages indicate the change compared to the previous year

In 2018, 79.7 million t in import and 55.4 million t in export were handled in sea freight , in 2017 it was 78.4 million t in import and 58 million t in export.

Container handling

Tollerort container terminal - the smallest of the four container terminals in the port of Hamburg
Tollerort container port at night
Container Terminal Burchardkai
CMA CGM Christophe Colomb, the longest French ship with a length of 365 m, which called at the port of Hamburg on July 13, 2010
Mooring of the “ COSCO Pride” on May 15, 2015

In 1966 a container was unloaded for the first time in the port of Hamburg, at the Burchardkai in Hamburg-Waltershof . The proportion of goods transported in containers grew rapidly in the years that followed, and general cargo handling in sacks, barrels and crates fell continuously. Container ships were built and competed with general cargo ships . The container terminals were built , the container bridges of which made the ship's own loading gear superfluous:

  • The first container cranes were installed in 1968 at the Container Terminal Burchardkai (CTB) of what was then Hamburger Hafen und Lagerhaus AG (HHLA - today Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG ). In May 1968 they handled the first full container ship in the port area with the American Lancer of the United States Lines .
  • Another HHLA facility, the Tollerort container terminal (CTT), was built downstream of the core port in Steinwerder (shed 90/91).
  • In 2002, the HHLA Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA) was added in Altenwerder , which with its extensive automation is one of the most modern in the world.
  • In addition, the Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH) was built on Predöhlkai in Waltershof (it is operated by the Bremen company Eurogate GmbH & Co. KGaA ).

A fifth terminal in Moorburg with the designation Containerterminal Moorburg (CTM) has been under discussion in the port industry for years, the plans were postponed by the Black-Green Senate according to the coalition agreement in the legislative period until 2012. In the summer of 2009, the Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) initiated a so-called market research process for a Central Terminal Steinwerder (CTS), which envisaged the conversion of Ellerholzhafen, Travehafen and Rosshafen into a container port. Another planning approval procedure has been carried out since 2009 for the possible expansion of the existing Eurogate terminal: the so-called western expansion provides for the filling of the petroleum port and the extension of the existing quay edge by a good 1000 m to the area of ​​the Bubendey bank.

The bulk of the Port of Hamburg's turnover is handled by container handling. In 2007, 9.89 million TEU (standard container units) were handled, around two thirds of which are handled by the three HHLA terminals. In 2009, due to the economic crisis, container handling in the Port of Hamburg fell by more than 20%: in 2009, only 7.01 million TEU were handled. This meant a major setback for the Port of Hamburg and its operations. By using short-time work , mass layoffs could be avoided. One of the container terminals at HHLA Container Terminal Tollerort (CTT) was temporarily shut down due to a lack of work. Eurogate's plans for westward expansion were “stretched”. It is unclear how strong the competition will have in the long term from the transshipment at the JadeWeserPort , which can be reached independently of the tide and has been in operation since summer 2012.

Development of container handling in the port of Hamburg

year TEU total TEU full TEU empty Container total
1990 1,968,986 1,642,527 326.459 1,478,564
1991 2,188,953 1,805,099 383.854 1,619,178
1992 2,268,481 1,899,805 368,676 1,655,300
1993 2,486,130 2,103,870 382.260 1,789,836
1994 2,725,718 2,310,568 415.150 1,954,215
1995 2,890,181 2,466,162 424.019 2,032,427
1996 3,054,320 2,622,928 431.392 2,109,647
1997 3,337,477 2,889,640 447.837 2,282,958
1998 3,546,940 2,968,491 578,449 2,407,152
1999 3,738,307 3,253,306 485.001 2,502,434
2000 4,248,247 3,703,708 544,539 2,821,495
2001 4,688,669 4,044,363 644.306 3,056,127
2002 5,373,999 4,646,468 727.531 3,475,279
2003 6,137,926 5,274,029 863.897 3,923,846
2004 7.003.479 6,073,976 929.503 4,460,946
2005 8,087,545 6,825,449 1,262,096 5,117,654
2006 8,861,804 7,380,192 1,481,612 5,594,471
2007 9,889,792 7,954,093 1,935,699 6.217.525
2008 9,737,110 7,906,834 1,830,276 6,083,893
2009 7.007.704 5,991,564 1,016,140 4,401,588
2010 7,895,736 6,654,216 1,241,520 4,899,841
2011 9,014,165 7,668,965 1,345,200 5.58 million
2012 8.86 million 7.65 million 1.22 million 5.44 million
2013 9.26 million 8.02 million 1.24 million 5.67 million
2014 9.73 million 8.46 million 1.27 million 5.98 million
2015 8.82 million 7.53 million 1.29 million 5.40 million
2016 8.91 million 7.63 million 1.28 million 5.44 million
2017 8.82 million 7.63 million 1.19 million 5.36 million
2018 8.73 million 7.63 million 1.10 million
2019 9.3 million 8.2 million 1.1 million

Hinterland traffic

In land-side port- hinterland traffic in 2019, a good 97.5 million t with a total of 5.8 million TEU were loaded. The load was distributed across the various modes of transport: freight train 46.3%, truck  41.4%, inland waterway a good 9.2%. In relation to the pure transport volume, the share of the railways was even 49.4% (including 2.7 million TEU).

Hohe Schaar harbor on Reiherstieg with the Shell site
The Sasol Wax on Kleiner Grasbrook, formerly DEA, view from Reiherdamm towards the city

Petroleum industry

The mineral oil industry is the branch of the manufacturing industry with the highest turnover in the Port of Hamburg and in Hamburg in general. The total turnover in 2008 was 45.9 billion euros, 14.5% more than in the previous year. The number of employees was 4446 in eleven companies with more than 20 employees.

Until 1937 Hamburg only had a relatively small handling capacity for mineral oil. The first petroleum port was laid out on the Kleiner Grasbrook in 1869 and moved to Waltershof in 1910. In the 1920s, Rhenania-Ossag (Shell) built a large tank farm at the new petroleum port and a smaller transshipment point at the northern Reiherstieg. However, Rhenania Ossag / Shell opened its headquarters in 1929 on the Hohen Schaar in Wilhelmsburg / Harburg. A large number of mineral oil processing companies had established themselves there from 1900, among others: the German-American Petroleum Society (Ebano Asphalt-Werke AG / Esso) at Harburg seaport basin 4 (today: Holborn Europa Raffinerie GmbH ), the Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft (DEA ) on the Reiherstiegknie , the oil works Julius Schindler on the Rethe and Johann Haltermann Mineralöl on the Schluisgrovehafen .

Soon after the takeover of the Nazi regime that began upgrading the Wehrmacht . The mineral oil industry was an important industry; it was expanded before the war and during the Second World War . This is how Hamburg became an important location for oil handling and further processing. The connection of Harburg and Wilhelmsburg to Hamburg ( Greater Hamburg Law of 1937) facilitated the expansion of the port.

The Allied air raids on the Port of Hamburg - from 1941 onwards and intensified from 1944 onwards - were directed not only at submarine production but above all in this mineral oil industry. With the so-called Geilenberg program , in which tens of thousands of forced laborers were deployed to clean up and repair work in Hamburg and a hundred thousand throughout the German Reich , the Reich government tried to prevent the impending collapse of the fuel supply. At the end of the war, the oil stores and refineries were largely destroyed.

As part of Operation Gomorrah (which deliberately caused fire storms in Hamburg), British bombers carried out five night raids and US bombers two day raids on Hamburg. The two US attacks (July 25 and 26, 1943) targeted the port of Hamburg; they took place during the day because of the higher accuracy.

The mineral oil works were quickly rebuilt after the war; z. B. the Ebano asphalt plant in Harburg resumed production in 1947. The industry (handling, refining and processing) quickly became the most important factor in the port economy; the old locations could in most cases be expanded or taken over by new owners. The former large tank farm of Shell at the Petroleumhafen, south of the Bubendey bank, trades under the name of Bominflot Tanklager GmbH and the DEA / Texaco plant at Reiherstieg , north of the Reiherdamm, took over Sasol Wax for the paraffin processing. Only at the Reiherstiegknie were the former DEA works and Johann Haltermann Mineralöl given up. The fallow land is now part of the Hamburg International Garden Show (IGS 2013) and the IBA Hamburg (2007–2013).

shipbuilding

View over the Norderelbe to the Stülckenwerft, around 1960

The importance of shipbuilding in Hamburg has declined dramatically since the 1960s. In 2008 there were eleven shipyards with more than 20 employees, including boat and yacht building, with a turnover of around 1.9 billion euros. Of the former large shipyards that have always helped shape the port's appearance, only Blohm + Voss remained, until October 2009 as part of ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems AG (TKMS), then sold to the Arab company Abu Dhabi MAR for the majority . Shell AG has partially taken over the site of the former Reiherstieg shipyard on the south side of the Norderelbe to expand its operations, the neighboring property of the Stülckenwerft is occupied by the harbor theater, the former shipyard of the Howaldtswerke , together with the filled in volcanic harbor, became a parking space for the Tollerort container terminal (CTT) and the facilities of the former German shipyard in Finkenwerder have been redesigned as parks Gorch-Fock-Park and Rüschpark , the latter with the monument to the bunker ruins .

Prospects at the beginning of the 21st century

After the opening of the countries of the former Eastern Bloc in 1989/1990 and with the opening up of the Asian markets in particular, the Port of Hamburg developed into a world port again. He benefited from globalization . The total throughput more than doubled between 1990 and 2007, in 2008 it stagnated at 140 million t (ratio of bulk goods to general cargo 30% to 70%). 97% of general cargo was handled in containers, namely 95 million t or 9.8 million TEU. With the financial and economic crisis from 2007 onwards , total sales collapsed by 21% in 2009.

The growing size of the container ships resulted in a relocation of the port management elbab to the western port areas such as Waltershof or Altenwerder. The restructuring in the handling of goods, the changes in storage requirements and the closure of the large shipyards from the 1980s left extensive fallow land in the former heart of the Hamburg port, the Großer and Kleiner Grasbrook and eastern Steinwerder . From the end of the 20th century, the city was faced with the task of finding conversions for these areas. A modernization of the port facilities is only possible for those west of the old Elbe tunnel , since the Elbe at this Elbe tunnel is too shallow and because of the tunnel it cannot be deepened (unless it would be dismantled). Its upper edge is twelve meters below the mean high water; this is no longer sufficient for the draft of many today's ships.

In October 2012, the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Authority for Economics, Transport and Innovation, and the Hamburg Port Authority published a 98-page document entitled The Port Development Plan until 2025 .

HafenCity, view into the Sandtorhafen, left Sandtorhöft, right Kaiserhöft with the construction site of the Elbphilharmonie, December 2009
View over the Niederhafen to HafenCity with the construction site of the Elbphilharmonie, August 2011

Great Grasbrook and HafenCity

In 1997 the Senate published plans for the development of the Greater Grasbrook area close to the city ​​center into the new HafenCity district . HafenCity has an area of ​​155 hectares (including water areas) and is intended to offer a mixed use structure with a focus on commercial, office and residential areas and, after its completion around 2030, will offer jobs for around 48,000 people and living space for around 12,000 people. In advance of the development, the HafenCity area including the Speicherstadt in the direction of the inner city was rededicated under building law on January 1, 2003 and removed from the duty-free zone of the free port. The structural work began in 2004, the first of a total of ten to be largely completed in 2009, the Am Sandtorkai / Dalmannkai district . Probably the most prominent individual building in HafenCity is the Elbphilharmonie , a concert hall on the western tip of Dalmannkai, which, in addition to the concert halls, includes a hotel, various restaurants and condominiums.

On March 1, 2008, according to an ordinance of the Senate of February 20, 2007, HafenCity including the Speicherstadt and the Oberhafen was declared an independent district belonging to the Hamburg-Mitte district.

To improve the traffic connection between HafenCity and the city center using the existing rapid transit network, a new underground line was built from 2007 onwards, which is now served by the newly established U4 line. The opening of the section to the HafenCity University stop took place in November 2012 after several delays. The extension to the east to the Elbbrücken stop was opened in December 2018.

Planning for the little Grasbrook

The O'Swaldkai at the Hansahafen is the last transshipment point of the Kleiner Grasbrook that is regularly called . Vehicles are mainly loaded onto RoRo ships here . In the east, the barely used, partially listed warehouses border the Dessau shore. To the north-east lies the Vltava port , which is contractually bound to the Czech Republic, and the overseas center. This was built in the 1960s, in anticipation of enormous turnover growth, as a warehouse and distribution complex with 150,000 m² of open and 100,000 m² of covered storage space as well as direct transport links to truck, rail and ship traffic. When it was completed, the plans were already out of date, as the container ships, which were growing rapidly in size, could not enter this eastern part of the port. Today the Übersee-Zentrum is the headquarters of HHLA Logistics .

As part of the urban development concept " Leap across the Elbe" , which aims to promote the connection of the hitherto neglected districts south of the North Elbe, a new development of the Kleiner Grasbrook is planned. Since 2008, the possibilities of partially or completely relocating the University of Hamburg from the campus in the Rotherbaum district to this location have been discussed in an open discussion process. From an urban planning point of view, the revitalization of this area is necessary in order to create a connection between HafenCity and the districts of Veddel and Wilhelmsburg, which are in a large-scale renovation process.

Planning of further terminals

The plans for the further development of the port are based on the high handling figures from 2008 and are based on forecasts that state that container handling in Hamburg will double by 2015. For example, the Moorburg district, which was declared a port expansion area as early as 1982, was planned to be completely evacuated and demolished in order to build a fifth container terminal under the name Container-Terminal Moorburg (CTM). However, this project was postponed by the black-green Senate in accordance with their coalition agreement in the previous legislative period.

Eurogate GmbH also assumed that the turnover figures would double . She is planning a so-called western expansion of her CTH terminal. For this purpose, the petroleum port south of the Bubendey bank is to be filled in, creating a 38 hectare terminal area and a 1,059 m long quay on the banks of the Elbe, between the ferry terminal and the parking port. The existing container throughput at the Eurogate terminal should increase to an estimated 6 million TEU. The developer is the HPA. The project has been in the planning approval stage since 2009; 250 objections were raised, mainly from residents and residents of the north side of the Elbe directly opposite. They claim that noise, pollutants and huge floodlights ensure that the local recreation area on the banks of the Elbe from Övelgönne to Teufelsbrück is significantly impaired. The night-time activities of container handling can already be heard as far as Altona, Ottensen and Bahrenfeld.

In August 2009, the then Senator for Economic Affairs of the City of Hamburg, Axel Gedaschko , and the managing directors of the HPA presented a large-scale renovation project . According to this, a Central Terminal Steinwerder (CTS) is to be built in the central free port, south of the old Elbe tunnel, at Ellerholzhafen, Travehafen and Rosshafen , for which a so-called market research process was carried out. The name expressly deviates from a pure container terminal and wants to keep the use open to applicants. The area is to be developed by filling up port basins on an area of ​​125 ha. Construction was scheduled to start in 2013.

Due to the crisis in world trade since 2009 and the associated decline in handling, the expansion programs have been reassessed and the schedules have been "stretched". For the western expansion , the port administration is now assuming that it will be operational between 2017 and 2019 and for the Central Terminal Steinwerder in 2019 at the earliest.

Planning of Hyperloop

In November 2018, plans for the construction of a hyperloop became known. According to the Hamburger Abendblatt , there is a declaration of intent between Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies .

Work in the port

With the development of the port, the structure and meaning of the work has completely changed. The job of the port worker , in the 19th century a craft occupation , often practiced by former seamen , changed with industrialization to casual labor and with advancing mechanization in the course of the 20th century to a skilled port worker .

Number of employees

The number of employees in the port has fallen continuously since around 1900, with the exception of the increases in the war economy and the downturns in crisis years. There has been a slight upward trend in recent years. This development cannot be presented in absolute terms, as the publications have changed. In 1989, for the first time, the then Ministry of Economics, Transport and Agriculture highlighted the size of jobs in connection with the Port of Hamburg, in addition to the total number of 40,000 employees in the Port of Hamburg, which had fallen to an extremely low level . In the meantime, this assumption has become established in public publications based on studies by Planco Consulting GmbH from 1999, 2002 and 2006. Figures are extrapolated from figures from the port industry in the narrower sense, the port industry in the broader sense and the port industry, which leads to information on directly and indirectly port-dependent employees . The Planco studies are controversial because the basis of the survey is unclear and the interpretations derived from it are all the more doubtful. Nevertheless, the compilation of the published employment figures shows the trend.

year Total
employees in
port operations
Dock workers
(envelope)
Shipyard worker
(shipbuilding)
Dock workers
in all
16 German
seaports
employees directly
dependent on the port
direct and indirect
port-dependent
employees
Source
note
1895 25,000 20,000 Kludas
1960 14,000 Kludas
1968 11,365 Kludas
1976 9,099 Kludas
1987 8,678 Kludas
ZdS
1989 40,000 8,256 (²) over 100,000 BWVL
(²) ZdS
1990 8,049 6,179 (³) ZdS
(³) Bremen
1995 5,739 4,821 (³) ZdS
(³) Bremen
1998 4,948 2,601 (³) 8,959 ZdS
(³) Bremen
2005 37,601
(38,711)
10,033 (²) 77,301
(85,665)
133,354
(156,323)
Planco
(²) ZdS
2007 11,263 ZdS
2008 2,827 North

Dock work at the end of the 19th century

Quay workers at the 50s shed, around 1900
Black showers, around 1900

The activities of dock workers at the end of the 19th century consisted of very different trades, but they all had in common that it was largely heavy and unhealthy work and, in most cases, irregular employment. Excessive working hours with shift lengths of up to 72 hours alternated with periods of unemployment. Accordingly, the working and living conditions were catastrophic. The dockworkers' strike from November 20, 1896 to February 6, 1897, the longest and most famous of a whole series of labor disputes, drew public attention to the grievances in the port, from the inadequate organization of employment agencies to the irregular wage payments and the unregulated ones Working hours, the long commutes, the unfavorable living conditions and the inadequate occupational safety. But despite broad public support, the strike ended with no results for the workers.

In 1895, 25,000 dock workers were employed in the Port of Hamburg; they were divided into various professional groups. So are listed:

  • 5,000 showmen unloading and loading the ships
  • 2,000 ewer guides who transported the shiploads on the flat, open barges
  • Between 1,800 and 2,500 quay workers, depending on the workload, who loaded or stored the cargo on the quays,
there were also 300 to 400 quay workers who were directly employed by HAPAG
  • 1,600 warehouse workers who stacked the goods inside the warehouse or on or off the barges
  • 400 boiler cleaners ( Kedelklopper ) scraped and knocked off residues in the narrow ship's boilers
  • 400 ship cleaners and 240 ship painters, whose activities partly coincide or overlap
  • 400 machinists who operated the engines of the tug, ferry and pleasure boats in the harbor
  • 500 workers in the state excavation company, most of whom were only employed in the summer
  • Coal workers (black showers) were responsible for both unloading the coal ships and supplying the steamers
  • Winch men who operated the on-board (hand-cranked) loading gear
  • Donkey people who operated the (mechanical) loading gear and steam winches on ships and barges
  • Grain workers and grain diggers who shoveled the loosely stored grain and filled it into sacks
  • Plank men who transported the sacks from the holds of the ship (over the planks )
  • Tally men who checked the cargo for completeness, damage and the like while it was being handled
  • there were also weighers, crane operators, handlers, railroad workers and craftsmen

The labor market development was determined by rationalization, so around 1870 the groups of the showers were reduced by steam-powered hoists. From 1907 there were further savings in labor through technical advances in bulk cargo handling. The well-documented handling by the grain workers serves as an example: a corridor for unloading a ship consisted of seven to eight men, four grain diggers in the hold, one or two winch men and a plank man, possibly a weigher on the quay. Such a gang transported around 20 tons of grain per hour. The then newly developed loading harnesses, which were initially steam-driven and later motorized, had an output of 150 t per hour, and the aisles could also be reduced to three to four workers.

Dock work during the Weimar Republic and National Socialism

Unemployed dock workers on call at the road employment agency at Baumall, 1931

After the November Revolution of 1918, the situation of port workers changed, the eight-hour day was introduced, as were regulations on protection against dismissal . Fundamental was the development of the Hafenbetriebsverein (HBV), which was founded in 1906 and , as a general employer, created somewhat uniform working conditions for all employees in the port. For the rights of employees, the port works council (HBR) was opposed to it as a workers' representative.

With the Great Depression, unemployment rose from 1930, especially among dock workers, to almost 40%. After the National Socialists came to power, this situation hardly changed until 1936, in contrast to the rest of the Reich, because the economic policy of the NSDAP did not promote foreign trade. Various job creation measures and restructuring of the work organization took effect only slowly. Only with the expansion of the war economy were actual new jobs created and after the start of the war the number of unemployed fell to zero.

With the Reich Law on the Order of National Labor , introduced on January 20, 1934, a structure based on the national community principle was to be implemented for the port . The ideology in it was that the antagonism between employer and worker would be abolished and that all, following a leader, would do the nationally significant work. The port operations association was transferred to the general port operations (GHB), which meant that all operations in the port had to become members. Trade unions and the port works council, like other works councils, were banned.

From August 1940 at the latest, the GHB operated at least nineteen forced labor camps with several thousand prisoners, mainly in the area of ​​the port and the Speicherstadt. Among other things, she was involved in Command 901 in what was then known as the Überseeheim on the Veddel. There were housed in ten emigrant barracks, at times up to 1,700 prisoners of war, from February 1943 about 2,400 deported prisoners, mainly from trades, guarded by state rifle battalions. This camp was maintained until April 19, 1945.

Environmental aspects

Dike monument in Wilhelmsburg
To the silt dumping area

Hydraulic engineering and deepening of the Elbe

The port of Hamburg is located in the inland delta of the Lower Elbe . This Elbe estuary has the peculiarity that it forms both a delta, from Geesthacht to Hahnöfersand , as well as a funnel ( estuary ) that opens from Blankenese to Brunsbüttel to a width of 2½ km. The entire estuary up to the Geesthacht barrage is tide-dependent; the mean tidal range at the Hamburg St. Pauli gauge is currently 3.63 m. The river splitting area is characterized by the once meandering river courses of the Elbe and its tributaries Bille and Alster , which overflowed the low marshland and formed river islands; it is of course limited on the north bank by the Geest slopes from Lauenburg to Hamburg-St. Georg and from Hamburg-Neustadt to Wedel , in the south through the Black Mountains . The main river of the Elbe divided at the Bunthäuser Spitze , the southern end of the Elbe island Wilhelmsburg, into the North and South Elbe and converged again after 15 km at the Mühlenberger Loch . The islands within the river arms changed their location, shape and land mass due to deposits and dikes on the one hand and destructive storm surges or hydraulic engineering on the other. The current place and district names with the suffix -werder indicate former river islands. Around 1100 there was the contiguous island of Gorieswerder from today's Georgswerder to Finkenwerder , which was torn apart by several storm surges until the 14th century. Wilhelmsburg, on the other hand, emerged from the 17th to the 19th century from the amalgamation of a large number of small islands.

Under these geographical conditions, the development of the Port of Hamburg goes hand in hand with hydraulic engineering measures in which the low-lying marshes and river islands were diked for protection and land reclamation , and the widely branched rivers of the Bille, Alster and Elbe were regulated for shipping. Another constant problem of the tidal port was and is the silting up and silting of the waterways through sediment deposits with the tides. For the supervision of the fairway, sufficient water depth and shipping traffic, the Düpe Commission was founded in 1548 ( Düpe is the Low German word for water depth), an authority from which the office for electricity and port construction emerged in the 19th century , again the Predecessor of the Hamburg Port Authority responsible today .

River relocations and area changes

The Elbe in front of Hamburg around 1568 (Here a drawing by Eugen Schuback from 1845 of the map of Melchior Lorich)

After the Alster was dammed in the 13th century, Wasserbauer moved the mouth of the Bile as early as 1258, which can now be traced along the course of the Oberhafen . In 1344 the Gose Elbe , which until then was a tributary, was dammed off from the main stream at today's Kiebitzbrack ( Kirchwerder ), as was the Dove Elbe south of Altengamme in 1437 . In 1443 the main river of the Bille was directed through the sluice ditch from Bergedorf to Curslack in the upper reaches of the sealed Dove Elbe. All of these measures served to supply water to the North Elbe in order to increase its navigability.

A lasting intervention was the piercing of the Elbe island Grasbrook , which was started in 1549 and completed in 1604. He divided the island by the so-called Neue Graben in the northern Große Grasbrook , initially pasture area at the gates of the city, later a port area, since 2004 the district HafenCity , and the Kleiner Grasbrook . Further hydraulic engineering measures up to the 18th century, the damming of branches of the river and the amalgamation of some river islands, such as Kuhwärder, Grevenhof, Kleiner Grasbrook, Großer Werder and Schumacherwerder, widened the Neuer Graben to the main river bed of the North Elbe and brought it closer to the city.

The puncture of the Spadenländer bush made in 1568 can be traced back to the area of ​​the same name west of the Norderelbe in Wilhelmsburg, and the Spadenland in the marshland, east of the Elbe. Another fundamental intervention was the breakthrough between Peute and Kaltehofe in 1874 , which was previously part of the Veddel, but has since been on the eastern side of the Elbe. The hydraulic engineers blocked the original course of the river at the height of Moorfleet, and Billwerder Bay was created, to which the Holzhafen was relocated in 1880. In addition to straightening the shipping route, these measures served to increase the flow velocity of the North Elbe. For the southern Elbe, however, this meant a decrease in the flow rate, which led to controversy with the neighboring town of Harburg.

The Köhlbrand contracts

Before the Greater Hamburg Act of 1937, Altona and Harburg were independent cities under Prussian rule. Hamburg had to rely on approval and agreement with its neighbors for further hydraulic engineering measures. In a total of three so-called Köhlbrand contracts, Hamburg and Prussia agreed on a number of interventions in the course of the river in the hope that the ports of all three cities would benefit.

  • First Köhlbrand contract in 1868: straightening and fortifying the North Elbe, dredging the Köhlbrand
  • Second coal fire contract 1896: electricity corrections and regulation, deepening of the Elbe near Nienstedten
  • Third Köhlbrand contract 1908: Relocation of the Köhlbrand estuary 600 meters downstream, further deepening of the Köhlbrand, straightening of the southern Elbe, and also the extension of the Bunthausspitze by 400 meters upstream in order to direct the water equally over the northern and southern Elbe

Süderelbe and Mühlenberger Loch

View from Blankenese over the Elbe into the Mühlenberger Loch

Due to the structural changes, the Köhlbrand became the main estuary of the Süderelbe. After the storm surge of 1962 , they were completely sealed off between Altenwerder and Moorburg. This in turn brought about the silting up of the Mühlenberger Loch, the former confluence of the Elbarme and one of the last tidal flat water areas in Europe. The city of Hamburg filled part of this area with sand from 2001 to 2003 in order to enable the adjacent Airbus Deutschland GmbH to expand its works . The construction was accompanied by protests and judicial objections from residents and nature conservationists for years.

Elbe deepening

The increased demands on a port with goods handling, the construction and use of ever larger and deeper trade and finally container ships led to regular dredging and deepening of the river bed from 1818. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Elbe near Hamburg had a water depth of 3 m to 4 m, since the eighth deepening of the Elbe (completed in 1999) this has been 14.9 m map zero (KN). Another controversial deepening, now at 15.9 m KN, has been in planning since 2002. Contrary to the original schedule, delays have arisen because an exceptional procedure has been initiated because the deepening of the Elbe is causing considerable impairment of areas that are under European protection rights. This further deepening and widening of the fairway in the Lower Elbe has been carried out since the end of 2019.

Water pollution and eutrophication

Up until the mid-1980s, the Elbe was heavily polluted, especially due to the increased concentration of heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. To a large extent, this pollution was caused by the industries in what was then Czechoslovakia and the GDR . But the Hamburg port industry also made a large contribution. Fifty industrial companies adjacent to the port were considered to be direct dischargers, which means that the discharge of production residues into the Elbe water could be proven by measurements. This uncovered accumulations of mercury , lead , copper and arsenic that are harmful to health , as well as zinc , cadmium and nickel . The biggest polluters of the environment and water were:

Old Aurubis AG factory building on the Peute
  • the pharmaceutical company CH Boehringer in Moorfleet. It had to close its factory in 1984 - especially because of its dioxin emissions in the air, water and soil;
  • Norddeutsche Affinerie (today Aurubis AG ) on the Peute, the largest copper producer in Europe. Their highly toxic discharges ran into the Elbe from 74 pipes;
  • the Johann Haltermann GmbH , special processing of mineral oils, on Reiherstieg whose work in 1985 concluded. Phenol residues down to a depth of 26 m were found on the factory premises during soil remediation .

Despite these pressures, the Lower Elbe was regarded as a river rich in fish, in which the species smelt , feint , flounder and eel dominated, the salmon and trout , which were most common until the 19th century , had declined far, and sturgeon and beak were considered extinct. However, the existing fish species were highly contaminated with mercury and hexachlorobenzene, and there were also environmentally-related diseases such as cauliflower disease in eels, with ulcers that were sometimes visible from the outside. With the Hamburg Fisheries Act of 1986, the ban on marketing fish from the Elbe was confirmed; fishing on the Lower Elbe had already ceased on this date. With the closure of the polluting industries and the introduction of environmental standards for the remaining companies, the enactment of environmental laws and ordinances as well as increased controls, especially from the beginning of the 1990s, heavy metal pollution in the Elbe could be greatly reduced.

Another problem is the partial reductions in oxygen, the so-called oxygen holes, during the summer months. The greatest oxygen deficiency in the Elbe was observed between 1970 and 1985. The cause at that time was the discharge of organic substances and ammonium , mainly from municipal sewage. Since 1988, a stage with nitrification , i.e. the conversion of ammonia to nitrate, has been introduced in the Hamburg sewage treatment plants , and from 1990 also on the upper reaches of the Elbe. The success was initially promising; the oxygen content in the Elbe water recovered quickly. In the early summer, however, the concentration fell below the critical value of 3 milligrams per liter (mg / l), at which the fish population is endangered. Since 1999 the periods of lack of oxygen have become longer and the areas larger. In places, they lead to increased fish mortality and interrupt fish migration

The Heuckenlock on the Süderelbe, one of the last tideau forests in Europe, and one of the few remaining shallow water areas in the Niederelbe

The causes are complex: In fact, it was found that the natural algae content of the Upper Elbe has increased again through the reduction or elimination of heavy metals and chemical toxins in the Elbe. In principle this would be a good ecological condition; the full algae bloom that develops in spring could be carried away by the current and washed up to Glückstadt , where it would be killed by the salt water content and the excess organic matter thus created would be neutralized by mixing in oxygen-rich seawater. However, this process would require extensive shallow water zones such as were once present in the Elbe Delta. Today, the biomass dies in fresh water, i.e. before it reaches the oxygen-enriching North Sea water, on the one hand in areas that dry out at low tide and silting, on the other hand at depths of more than 4 m where no light can penetrate. The summer warming and also warming industrial discharges and the cooling systems operated with Elbe water increase this process; eutrophication occurs in places and at times . A very large heat emitter, the Krümmel nuclear power plant , has been shut down since July 2009 and has no longer had a permit since 2011 - nuclear phase-out . The highest permissible water temperature around 100 meters below the discharge structure was allowed to be 30 ° C. At high river water temperatures of around 27 ° C, such as those reached in the summers of 2003 and 2006, the Krümmel NPP had to reduce its output. It had a thermal output of 3,690 MW and a gross electrical output of around 1,350 MW; at full load, 2,340 MW went into the Elbe water. For comparison: 23.6 million conventional incandescent lamps (5 percent efficiency) with 100 watts each also have 2,340 MW heat output (and 20 MW light output).

Air pollution

A serious problem is air pollution from exhaust gases from ships in port . A report by Germanischer Lloyd from 2008 quantified the power requirement of a cruise ship with 2,000 passengers in hotel operation at 8  megawatts  (MW) in summer and 6.4 MW in winter, for the Queen Mary 2 with 2,620 passengers it should be between 9 and 14 MW lie. This electricity is normally generated by the generators of the ship's diesel engines , which for reasons of cost are often operated with high-sulfur marine fuel.

In June 2016, a shore power system was put into operation at the Altona cruise terminal . The construction costs amounted to 10 million euros and were borne by the city, federal government and the EU. Proponents of the facility see it as an important step towards an environmentally friendly port. Federal Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks ( SPD ), who was present at the opening, praised the fact that “eco shore power” could save up to 74% NO x , up to 60% SO 2 and up to 50% fine dust . Opponents of the system criticize that 1  kWh of shore power is up to four times more expensive than 1 kWh of marine diesel. In addition, only one ship, the AIDAsol , which is technically equipped for the shore power supply, will moor at the Altona cruise terminal in 2016.

In the port of Hamburg is since mid-2014 Barge "Hummel" used on the use of LNG - gas power plant generated electricity ( "Power Barge" ). The barge is then towed to the ships to be supplied directly to the berth - initially cruise ships at the terminal. In May 2016, many bureaucratic problems related to the "Bumblebee" became known.

In May 2016, the Port of Hamburg approved AIDAprima to operate with liquefied natural gas (LNG) during the layover. The dual-fuel engine installed on the ship makes this possible and reduces NO x emissions by 80% and CO 2 emissions by 20% compared to conventional marine diesel. Hamburg's Senator for the Environment Jens Kerstan ( GREEN ) praised the approval as a sign of promoting low-emission supply technology. The permit is necessary because of the increased risk of explosion of the fuel.

Almost a third of nitrogen oxide emissions in Hamburg are caused by port operations.

Culture

Museums with port-specific exhibitions

Harbor Museum in Shed 50 Australiakai / Kleiner Grasbrook
Zollmuseum am Wandrahm / Speicherstadt with the Zollkreuzer Glückstadt (2004)

The development of the port, port work or individual aspects of history are clearly presented in various museums and exhibitions.

  • The Hafenmuseum , a branch of the Museum der Arbeit, is located on the Kleiner Grasbrook at the Hansahafen in the head building of Shed 50 , a historical complex from the imperial era. The exhibition, both inside the building and in the outdoor area, shows in particular the changes in the working environment in the port and includes structural, technical and regional developments. In addition to the quay cranes, a floating crane and various historical work boats are on display on the associated Bremen quay . In January 2007 the freighter Bleichen , formerly Old Lady , was transferred here and processed by the Hamburg Maritime Foundation .
  • The Speicherstadtmuseum in a historical warehouse on St.-Annen-Ufer shows both the use and the work of goods storage and aspects of coffee and tea processing.
  • The German Customs Museum is housed in the former customs clearance point on the wall frame and deals on the one hand with the history of the free port, but also with aspects of everyday life in customs. The historic Zollkreuzer Oldenburg is temporarily located on the Zollkanal, directly in front of the exhibition building .
  • In the Museum of Hamburg History , the development of the Port of Hamburg is presented in a comprehensive section. The history from the 8th century to the present day can be traced in particular through numerous models.
  • In addition to the history of the port from the Altona point of view, the Altona Museum has a department dedicated to shipping, fishing and shipbuilding, and provides a link to the entire North German region.
  • The BallinStadt emigration museum was built on the Veddel on the site of the former emigration center of the HAPAG shipping company. In three buildings that have been reconstructed true to the original, visitors are informed about the history of emigration overseas via Hamburg.
  • The International Maritime Museum presents many aspects of the history of shipping, the navy and the sea and is housed in the historic Kaispeicher B in HafenCity .

Historic ships

Museum harbor Övelgönne, Neumühlen pier; front / right: lightship  Elbe 3
Steamship Schaarhörn in motion, in front of the Burchardkai / Waltershof
Cap San Diego at the Überseebrücke

Associations and foundations have been operating at the port since the 1970s that have set themselves the task of restoring some disused ships, possibly making them fit to sail and maintaining them. Today, historical ships can be viewed at various points in the port , some as part of port facilities and accompanying museum exhibitions.

  • The museum harbor Oevelgönne at the Neumühlen jetty is looked after by the association of the same name, which was founded in 1976. All historical watercraft lying here are functional. In addition to the historic sailing ships like President Freiherr von Maltzahn , Amazone , Hoop of Welvaart , Elfriede , Anna , gull and Helene that can Lightship Elbe 3 , the floating crane Saatsee , the steam icebreaker Stettin , the customs launch President Schaefer and the steam tug Tiger and Claus D. temporarily can be visited.
  • The traditional ship port was opened in September 2008 at the Sandtorkai in HafenCity and is operated by the Hamburg Maritime Foundation . It has a spacious pontoon that was designed as a floating area and berths for around twenty ships.
  • The Hamburg Maritime Foundation was established in 2001 on the initiative of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce by HSH Nordbank . It restores and preserves historic ships and port facilities that represent the history of the Port of Hamburg and shipping. The work is supported by the Friends of the Maritime Heritage Association Hamburg eV The ships are repaired by the employment agency Jugend in Arbeit Hamburg eV and then looked after by company associations. Some of the ships restored by the foundation have permanent locations in the port, such as the Catarina fisherman at the traditional ship port of Sandtorkai, and at times also the pilot schooner No. 5 Elbe and the racing yacht Heti , the steamboat Schaarhörn at the Norderelbstraße pier or the cargo ship Bleichen on the Bremer Kai near the harbor museum and the Besan-Ewer Johanna in Hamburg-Finkenwerder in the port of the “Gaffel Konsortium”, right next to it is the Landrath Küster .
  • The Cap San Diego is a general cargo ship from the 1960s. When it had become obsolete in 1986 and was about to be scrapped, it was bought up by the Hamburg Admiralty Foundation , which was set up especially for this purpose, and renovated and adapted for use as a museum ship and event center. Today it is moored as a museum ship at the Überseebrücke and can be visited. Exhibitions on port or shipping themes are occasionally held in their holds. On special occasions it runs out with limited engine power and takes trips to Cuxhaven.
  • The Rickmer Rickmers is a steel three-masted barque, launched in 1896. She was saved from scrapping in 1983 by the Windjammer für Hamburg association by purchase, restored for several years and is now a museum ship that can be visited on the St. Pauli Landing bridges.
  • The Lieger Caesar is a former office and workshop berth built in 1902, belonged to the Ewerführer Carl Eckelmann, and is now in the Spreehafen on the Berlin bank and is a listed building. It is the only moored ship in the Port of Hamburg that was part of the port of Hamburg from the 19th century to the 1960s. They were used as work, workshop, office and guard vehicles.
  • The U-Boat Museum U-434 consists of a submarine of the former Soviet Navy from the 1970s. It was bought privately in 2002 and restored by Blohm + Voss. Since April 2010 it can be viewed at the new berth at the St. Pauli fish market.
  • The Alfred Wachholz was built in 1959 as a harbor patrol boat Wasserschutzpolizei 27 and has been in service as a museum ship since 1993.

Works of art and monuments

In the entire port area, very different works of art are set up or installed in public spaces, in exposed places or rather inconspicuously, as monuments, as building or bridge figures or as works that can delight, or whose background cannot be grasped directly or remains subjective. An incomplete list:

The Oberhafenbrücke with the installation by Lawrence Weiner
  • Boot is an installation by the artist Felix Droese from 1985, Neuer Friedhof Altenwerder. It is the lifeboat Viola , an original aluminum boat of a German sea freight company sailing under the flag of Panama, drifting keel up in a field for anonymous urn burial.
  • Acknowledgments to Cap Anamur , a memorial created in 2009 at the Johannisbollwerk.
  • The emigrants , monument to the Croatian sculptor Ljubica Matulec, first erected in 1989 as a wooden sculpture on Kaistraße in Altona, restored in October 2008 and cast in bronze; in memory of the five million people, including 400,000 Croats, who emigrated to the New World via the Port of Hamburg to escape poverty, bondage and religious persecution
  • A little time + a lot of ebb - Time + Tide, a letter installation by the artist Lawrence Weiner on Deichtorplatz from 1989
  • Fischer by Gerhard Brandes : three fishermen with oars held high, beaten copper on a brass frame, on the Altona balcony since the 1968
  • Golden Calf , a sculpture by the artist Elisabeth Richnow, the figure is made of gold-plated metal, stands on a red base, on a pontoon pillar in the middle of the Reiherstieg at the Argentina Bridge, Kleiner Grasbrook pier
  • Port gate sculpture made of iron ship and port parts by Bernhard Luginbühl , at Johannisbollwerk, Neustadt
  • Canals, railway bridge, warehouses, ship, clouds, sky, wind, harbor cranes , neon letters over the entire length of the Oberhafenbrücke, installed by the artist Rémy Zaugg , 1992 as part of the Art in Public Space project
  • Lindley Memorial : William Lindley (1808–1900), hydraulic engineer and city planner in Hamburg; the statue stands next to a historical sewer house on the baumall, an entrance to an underground sewer system
  • Madonna of the Seas , memorial for all those who remained at sea, bronze monument by the sculptor Manfred Sihle-Wissel at the St. Pauli fish market
  • Nana on the dolphin by the sculptor Niki de Saint Phalle , on the forecourt of the harbor theater, Kleiner Grasbrook
Park fiction
  • Park Fiction is an artistic and socio-political project on Pinnasberg / St.-Pauli-Hafenstraße by the artists Christoph Schäfer and Cathy Skene, which was realized in summer 2005.
  • Störtebeker monument, bronze sculpture by the sculptor Hansjörg Wagner, Großer Grasbrook, HafenCity
  • Four men on buoys are four oak wood sculptures by the artist Stephan Balkenhol from 1993; mounted on shallow water barrels, each 2.4 m tall, floating in different places on the water, anchored; in the port area: in front of Övelgönner Strand and on the Süderelbe in Harburg, the other two are on the Outer Alster , east of the bridge of June 17th near Gurlitt Island, and in Serrahn, the old port of Bergedorf. They are caught from November to March.
  • The total work of art Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg by Joseph Beuys was a project planned in 1983, which was to be erected as a city-nature sculpture on the sink fields of Altenwerder and at the same time to initiate a radical redesign process of the Hamburg city-state. The project was stopped by a veto by the mayor at the time and was not implemented.

Commemoration of the time of National Socialism

  • Memorial plaque to the dramatic odyssey of Jewish refugees on the St. Louis , which left the port of Hamburg on May 13, 1939, An den St.-Pauli-Landungsbrücken, entrance at Brücke 3
  • Memorial plaque on warehouse building G , on Dessauer Ufer, Kleiner Grasbrook
  • Memorial plaque for the Langer Morgen work education camp, Eversween, Wilhelmsburg (Hohe Schaar)
  • Memorial to the memory of the sub-camp Deutsche Werft , Finkenwerder
  • Mural for the women from the Dessauer Ufer in Neumühlen 16–20, Altona, Hamburger FrauenFreiluftGalerie

architecture

The fish auction hall during the Sunday fish market - in the light of the sunrise ...
... and the Speicherstadt in the sunset

Listed buildings in the port or with reference to the port: Altona:

  • Fish auction hall at the Altona fish market, Große Elbstraße 9
  • Lawaetzhaus , Neumühlen 16–20, from 1802

Edge of the harbor:

  • Former terminal building of the St. Pauli Landungsbrücken from 1907, in the ensemble with the Old Elbe Tunnel, 1911
  • New crane : an iron harbor crane from 1858 is the oldest surviving crane in Hamburg. It stands at the Hohe Brücke at the confluence of the Nikolaifleet in the Zollkanal.
  • Slomanhaus : with the addresses Baumwall 3, Steinhöft 11 and 17, was built in 1908 according to plans by Martin Haller and expanded in 1923 according to plans by Fritz Höger . At that time it was the largest office complex on the edge of the harbor.

HafenCity:

  • Speicherstadt , as a complete system with its buildings and accessories, the property areas, the associated streets and open spaces, including the Kehrwiederspitze and Ericusspitze "with the water-carrying canals and basins enclosed therein, the quay walls, bridges and other items and items that together with them represent a picture ". Are created in the memory city six Fleete : Kehrwieder Fleet, Brooks Fleet, Small Fleet, Wandsrahmsfleet, Holländischbrookfleet and St. Anne-Fleet, and 18 bridges: Niederbaumbrücke, Brooks bridge Jungfernbrücke, Kornhausbrücke, Wandrahmsteg, Oberbaumbruecke partially Ericusbrücke, Wilhelmina bridge, sand bridge, Kannengießer bridge , Pickhubenbrücke, Kannengießerortbrücke, Wandbereiterbrücke, Wandrahmsfleetbrücke, Poggenmühlenbrücke, Holländischbrookfleetbrücke, St.-Annen-Brücke, Neuerwegsbrücke .
  • Altes Hafenamt Hamburg , administration building of Section II of the building deputation on Osakaallee, HafenCity, formerly Dalmannstrasse 1, built in 1885/1886, is being converted into a market hall as part of HafenCity planning
  • Factory building at Lohseplatz at the corner of Steinschanze, HafenCity: was built between 1902 and 1908 according to plans by the engineer H. Hagn and today houses, among other things, the prototype automobile collection
  • Ensemble of the former Hannoverscher Bahnhof , Lohseplatz, HafenCity: a remnant of the track system still exists, the location of a former platform has been made recognizable: As part of the Lohsepark in HafenCity, a memorial place for the victims of the deportations is to be created.
  • Kaispeicher B , Magdeburger Straße 1, Koreastraße, HafenCity: the oldest structure in the former free port was built in 1878/1879 according to plans by the architects Meerwein and Hanssen. Today it houses the International Maritime Museum .
Oberhafen canteen 2009
  • Oberhafen-Kantine , Stockmeyerstraße 39, HafenCity: was built according to the plans of the architect Willy Wegner and opened in 1925. It is considered to be the last remaining example of expressionist utility architecture in the port. Canteens and coffee hatches served to feed the dock workers. It is also noteworthy that it is very crooked directly on the quay edge to the Oberhafen, the house has sunk because the sheet pile wall is often washed under, and on the other hand, since the construction of the Oberhafenbrücke, the railway line has been running directly on and above the roof.

Little Grasbrook / Veddel:

  • Route 50 , Kaischuppen on Australiastraße: Kleiner Grasbrook, are under protection as an ensemble: Kaischuppen 50a + b, 51a + b, 52a + b with their head buildings, in which the harbor museum is located, Bremer and Australiakai with furnishings, the street areas with plaster, the official residence and the courtyard. The ensemble represents the high point of shed and quay architecture between 1900 and 1910.
  • Lagerhaus G , Dessauer Ufer: The warehouse at the Saale harbor built in 1903, was a satellite camp of Neuengamme concentration camp between 1943 and 1945
  • Veddeler Lagerhaus , Neuhäuser Damm 25 and 27, Veddel: T-shaped warehouse completed in 1909 with massive, newer porches facing the street

Lighthouses under monument protection:

  • Beacon Bunthaus at the colored houses tip built in 1914
  • Tinsdal and Wittenbergen lighthouses : two of the previous nine lattice mast lighthouses that were created between 1899 and 1911 to continuously light the Lower Elbe. Together they form a leading light line , upper fire in Tinsdal and lower fire in Wittenbergen. If you can see both lights exactly one above the other from the ship, you are exactly in the middle of the fairway. Three more of these beacons have also been preserved and are on the Lower Saxony side of the Elbe.
The Flussschifferkirche, here in Niederhafen

church

The Flussschifferkirche is located at different locations in the Port of Hamburg, since 2000 mostly in the inland port at the Speicherstadt, Kajen / Hohe Brücke, near the Baumall underground station. It is considered the only floating church in Germany.

Accidents

  • 1902: The excursion steamer Primus sank after the collision with a tug off Nienstedten, 101 people were killed
  • 1929: The passenger ship Europa burned at the equipment quay of the Blohm & Voss shipyard before it was even completed , and the amount of extinguishing water caused it to sink to the bottom. Nobody was hurt.
  • 1957: The tug Fairplay V collided with a freighter and three people died.
  • 1972: The Caesar II launch collided with the Eppendorf port ferry , drowning 17 of 45 port workers on board.
  • 1981: The Liberian oil tanker Afran Zenith struck across the Elbe in front of Finkenwerder after an engine failure, 300 tons of crude oil leaked.
  • 1984: The barge Martina got under a tow bandage during a pleasure trip on the Norderelbe and sank, nineteen people, including eleven children, drowned.
  • 2000: President Schäfer's former customs barge sank on the 811th birthday of the port in the museum harbor Oevelgönne. The ship was probably wrongly moored. Nobody was hurt.
  • 2004: The sulfuric acid tanker ENA II of the Norddeutsche Affinerie , loaded with 500,000 liters of sulfuric acid, collided with the container ship Pudong Senator in the Park Harbor , then drove with the last of its strength to its actual destination, the DUPEG pier, where it stopped shortly after the evacuation of the The two-man crew capsized and sank within a very short time due to damage to the outer steel skin.
  • 2013: On May 1, 2013, a fire broke out on the ConRo ship Atlantic Cartier, which is moored at O'Swaldkai . Almost 300 firefighters worked about 16 hours; a crane lifted over 30  dangerous goods containers from the burning ship. On May 17, it became known to the public that when the fire broke out, there were 8.9 t of uranium hexafluoride , around 11 t of other radioactive substances, 3.8 t of ammunition and 180 t of highly flammable or explosive ethanol on board . In all of northern Germany, the fire brigade could not get any CO 2 to smother the flames. The fire brigade and authorities had initially only spoken of hazardous substances until the Greens Hamburg received information in a small request .

See also

literature

Port of Hamburg in the early morning fog, view from the Himmelsleiter in Övelgönne
  • Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Port of Hamburg - creating more space. In: Hansa , Heft 2/2011, pp. 63–64, Hamburg 2011, ISSN  0017-7504 (on the Hamburg port railway ).
  • Jörgen Bracker : Hamburg. From the beginning to the present. Turning marks in a city's history . Hamburg 1988, ISBN 3-8225-0043-7 .
  • Society for Port and Location Development (publisher): HafenCity Hamburg. Traces of history . Hamburg 2001; also available as a pdf: hafencity.com (PDF; 9.0 MB), accessed on July 13, 2010.
  • Arno Herzig , Günter Trautmann (eds.): We are only following the bold path ... Origins, successes and limits of the labor movement in Germany . Volume 2: Workers and technical change in the port city of Hamburg . Reidar, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-924848-12-2 . (Anthology on the port, both historical and current), series: Reidar Sach, volume 2 (further publisher information: Betzel)
  • Klaus-Peter Kiedel: Course in Hamburg. With the photographer Hans Hartz in the port of Hamburg in the 1930s. 1st edition. Oceanum-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86927-082-1 .
  • Franklin Kopitzsch , Daniel Tilgner (Ed.): Hamburg Lexikon. Zeiseverlag, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-9805687-9-2 .
  • Eberhard Petzold , Birgit Müller: Port of Hamburg . Verlag Die Hanse, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-434-52587-4 .
  • Christian Jungblut, Photos: Milan Horacek and Christian Jungblut: Port of Hamburg: No more room for Zottel. In: Geo-Magazin , 7, Hamburg 1979, pp. 8–38. Informative experience report: “The most romantic in Germany is the sunsets. Today there is gigantism here ... And if you - like the author - are looking for your old buddy there, with whom he worked as a showman years ago, you will fall from one surprise to the other. " ISSN  0342-8311
  • Oliver Driesen : A world in flux. Hamburg's port, HHLA and globalization . Hoffmann and Campe , Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-455-50139-1 .

Web links

Commons : Hamburger Hafen  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d Port of Hamburg in 2017 (PDF; 1.1 MB) Charts. Port of Hamburg Marketing eV, April 29, 2018, accessed on April 29, 2018 .
  2. Top 50 World Container Ports. Retrieved February 11, 2015 .
  3. ↑ The Port of Hamburg is only number three in Europe . Spiegel Online , February 10, 2016
  4. a b Port of Hamburg celebrates record handling . Norddeutscher Rundfunk, February 9, 2015.
  5. Frank Binder: Bulk cargo prevents even greater minus · Sea cargo handling in the Port of Hamburg fell by 5.4 percent · 9.3 percent fewer containers handled. In: Daily port report , February 11, 2016, p. 1.
  6. Frank Binder: Hamburg has replaced Cologne · Hanseatic city is the second largest German inland shipping port. In: Daily port report , February 20, 2016, p. 3.
  7. Eigel Wiese: The Oberhafenamt. In: Schümanns Hamburger: The heart of the Hanseatic city: The port. Hamburg 2004, p. 44.
  8. Climate change: Mean flood on St. Pauli increased significantly from July 31, 2009, accessed on February 3, 2010.
  9. http://www.landesrecht-hamburg.de/
  10. ^ History of the Port of Hamburg , accessed on February 3, 2010.
  11. "Law to Repeal the Free Port of Hamburg" of January 24, 2011 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 50 )
  12. ^ Abolition of the Freihafen: Information and Funding ( Memento from January 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Authority for Economy, Transport and Innovation on hamburg.de, accessed on December 25, 2012.
  13. Article 363
  14. ^ Official website of the HPA
  15. ^ Arnold Kludas , Dieter Maass, Susanne Sabisch: Port of Hamburg. The history of the Hamburg free port from the beginning to the present . Hamburg 1988, p. 50 ff
  16. Peter Kleinort: Things are getting tight at the tropics in WaltershofWest expansion in Hamburg will be completed in 2022 at the earliest. In: Daily port report , April 16, 2015, p. 1.
  17. Port director H. Lühmann In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , No. 43, October 25, 1884, p. 442, accessed on January 1, 2013.
  18. Ship arrivals in the port of Hamburg . Port of Hamburg; Retrieved July 13, 2010.
  19. Peter Kleinort: Ports: 2016 more goods and passengers in the north · Hamburg handling figures show the trend towards large container ships . In: Daily port report of April 21, 2017, p. 1
  20. Overview of cargo handling . ( Memento from April 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Port of Hamburg; Retrieved July 13, 2010.
  21. Thomas Wägener: Loss of importance of German ports. In: Hansa , issue 1/2016, pp. 50–52.
  22. HPA starts new web portal ELBA . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 9/2018, p. 169
  23. Port of Hamburg: minus one percent in sea freight handling . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 4/2019, pp. 50/51
  24. a b Port of Hamburg market research procedure ( memento of April 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on the HPA homepage, accessed on July 13, 2010.
  25. a b c Western expansion construction project. Retrieved April 29, 2018 .
  26. ↑ The Port of Hamburg begins to shrink (from: Die Welt of January 13, 2010)
  27. Port of Hamburg back on course for growth. Port of Hamburg Marketing eV, February 15, 2017, accessed on February 22, 2017 .
  28. growth course. Port of Hamburg in 2015: increase in handling of bulk goods and strong growth in seaport hinterland transport by rail and inland waterway - decrease in container handling. Port of Hamburg Marketing eV, February 10, 2016, accessed on May 2, 2016 .
  29. Port of Hamburg in 2015 (PDF; 2.5 MB) Charts. Port of Hamburg Marketing eV, February 12, 2016, accessed on January 31, 2017 .
  30. Port of Hamburg Marketing eV ( Memento from July 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Excel table (28 KiB )
  31. habermann: Container handling 2004–2011 ( memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (xls; 18 kB) Hafen Hamburg Marketing eV, 2012.
  32. Thomas Wägener: Hamburg missed the upswing . In: Hansa , issue 3/2018, p. 88
  33. Container handling until 2017. Accessed on May 3, 2018 .
  34. Statistics 2018 , www.hafen-hamburg.de, accessed on March 1, 2019
  35. Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Hamburg relies on old strengths · Sea freight handling in 2019 increases by 1.1 percent · Strong increase in the container segment . In: Daily port report from February 20, 2020, p. 1
  36. More sea freight throughput and growth in seaport hinterland traffic . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 4/2020, p. 42
  37. Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Elbe port owes a lot to the railways · Significant increase in hinterland traffic in 2019 · Significant volume increase in containers · Longer trains . In: Daily port report from February 20, 2020, p. 3
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  39. Abu Dhabi joins Blohm + Voss . FAZ.NET of October 15, 2009, accessed on October 15, 2010.
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  42. ^ Platform: Future of the University of Hamburg ( Memento from April 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 3, 2010.
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  48. ^ A b c d e Arnold Kludas , Dieter Maass, Susanne Sabisch: Port of Hamburg. The history of the Hamburg free port from its beginnings to the present , Hamburg 1988, pp. 94 and 299
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  52. Planco study 2006; the numbers in brackets also indicate the employees in the Hamburg area. The study is controversial, see text.
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  56. ^ Arnold Kludas, Dieter Maass, Susanne Sabisch: Port of Hamburg. The history of the Hamburg free port from the beginning to the present. Hamburg 1988, p. V94
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  63. and also from cracks in the quay wall into the water
  64. ^ H. Möller: Fish stocks and fish diseases in the Lower Elbe. 1988 arge-elbe.de (PDF) accessed on November 24, 2009.
  65. (which are indispensable for a stabilization of the salmon and eel population) Working group for keeping the Elbe clean arge-elbe.de , accessed on November 24, 2009.
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  67. ↑ Shore power system for ships in operation. In: ndr.de. June 3, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016 .
  68. ↑ Shore power system for ships is hardly used. In: ndr.de. April 15, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016 .
  69. Hanns-Stefan Grosch: Eco-Power for the port. In: Deutsche Seeschifffahrt , Issue 2/2012, pp. 26/27, Association of German Shipowners, Hamburg 2012, ISSN  0948-9002
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  71. "AIDA" ship is allowed to refuel liquefied natural gas in Hamburg. In: ndr.de. May 6, 2016, Retrieved May 6, 2016 .
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