Crailsheim district

Ansbach-Bayreuth (after territorial reorganization) in 1805

The Crailsheimer Kreis was one of six districts in the Prussian Principality of Ansbach with its seat in Crailsheim . It existed between 1795 and 1806. The district authority was called the district directorate.

prehistory

The Prussian administrative area of Ansbach-Bayreuth was formed in 1792 after Karl Alexander, the last Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, also known as the Principality of Ansbach , who remained childless and who had also ruled the Principality of Bayreuth since 1769 , in December 1791 in return for an annuity annually 300,000 guilders had renounced his rule and had ceded his principalities to the Kingdom of Prussia .

Creation of the Crailsheimer Kreis

On July 3, 1795, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II issued the “Kgl. Prussian patent for the organization of the state colleges and improvement of the judiciary in the Franconian principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth ”. The Crailsheimer Kreis was formed from the previous Ansbach regional authorities in Crailsheim and Feuchtwangen . At the same time, the separation of powers was introduced through the separation of administration and justice.

With the patent of the Prussian King dated November 19, 1795 and the instructions for all city courts, judicial offices and patrimonial courts of the Principality of Ansbach dated June 11, 1797, the regulations were specified and the judicial offices established. In the Crailsheim district there were then the Crailsheim and Feuchtwangen judicial offices as well as the Crailsheim City Court.

Jurisdiction

The department of the district directorate included the administrative functions, the military, marching and billeting, the cantonal matters, the distribution of burdens and labor, as well as that of the tax council, the supervision of the city administrations and their coffers as well as the economic situation of the residents. In addition, the district directorate became the superior authority of the offices. The district directorate did not have any judicial tasks; the judicial authorities in Crailsheim and Feuchtwangen and the Crailsheim City Court were solely responsible for the administration of justice, which resulted in a separation of powers here very early on. But the police force was also low, the district director could only impose fines of up to 5 florins and imprisonment for up to 5 days.

Organization of the district directorate

The district director was the head of the district directorate. He was a top-dependent, otherwise unrestricted government official. There was no involvement of the nobility or of the local population at all. The district director's salary was set at 1,500 fl. And in kind with a value of 400 fl. So high that he could live on it without any additional income. Nobody was at his side, he only had subordinates, no colleagues in the authority. Their number was large : a commissioner, who was to serve as an expert in agricultural matters and as a marching commissioner, a secretary as recorder and travel agent, a calculator, a construction engineer, a copyist, a rider and a messenger. They were all civil servants and received their salaries from the The physicists and surgeons listed in the instructions did not belong to the district director's office.

Organization of the circle

At the same time as instructing the district directorates, the king had approved the new organization of local authorities. A police magistrate was established as an administrative authority in all cities. Its main task was the administration of the police, which was defined as the care for "all means and institutions for the advancement of the inner welfare of the citizens". With the exception of the military, every resident of the city was strictly under the authority of the magistrate. The police magistrate was formed by appointing at least the police mayor, a state official with a fixed salary from the ministry. The city administration was concentrated in his hand. The rest of the magistrates' college stepped into the shadows behind him. The council, the mayors elected from among its members and the syndic elected by the council were next to it an advisory but irresponsible and therefore ineffective authority. A police inspector and a few servants were placed under the magistrate to exercise the police force. The financial administration remained with the magistrates under the supervision of the chambers. This administrative organization extended to all cities.

All the rest of the country, with the exception of expressly recognized manorials, was divided into offices that corresponded to the principle of uniformity and unity of the state. When delimiting them, no consideration was given to the historical context, only geographical aspects were decisive. The offices were administered by two officials who were civil servants and who shared the business according to a fixed rule and had to control each other. Everyone in his department could dispose of subordinates alone, reports to superiors required the joint signature. The clerks were also employed by the state, apart from them there was also an assistant in some offices who in turn had to control each other. There was no communal self-administration.

Places of the Crailsheimer Kreis

Justice and Chamber Office Crailsheim

The district of the Crailsheim Justice and Chamber Office is largely identical to that of the Ansbach Oberamt Crailsheim . In 1801 it comprised 258 locations:

A lexandersreuth Alfelden Altenmünster Amlishagen with mill Anhausen, monastery Appensee Aspach near Hengstfeld Aspach near Waldthann Auhof Aumühle   B anzenweiler Banzenweiler mill Building yard Bechhof near Ellrichshausen Bechhof by Honhard Beierlbach Beimbach Beitenmühle Belzhof Bemberg Berry holder mill Bergbronn Berkertshofen Bernhardsweiler Bezenhof and mill Blobach Blindhöflein Bolgenthal Branzenberg Breinersberg Bronholzheim Boy mill book Book mill Buckenweiler Castle Hill Bürkelbach Burleswagen   C railsheim   E ckenroth Eichelberg Eichelhof and Seegmühle Ellrichshausen Elpertshofen Emhardsbühl Engelhardshausen Erkenbrechtshausen Esbach Owl Mill   F ichtenhof Flugelau, castle Forest   G ailroth Geisbühl Hostage red Geismühl Gerabronn Gerbertshofen Gersbach Geuchshausen Goose rake mill Goldbach Grass yards Groeningen Large stroke

Grünberg Gründelhard Grumbach, sawmill Gunzen   H aard Haardhof Hair mill Hagenhof Hahnhof Hahnensägmühle Hainkenbusch Hainzenmühle Hold Hammer mill Hammer forge near Onolzheim Haselhof Hauspertsmühle Heerbühl Hegenberg Heinershof Heroes Mill Hellmannshofen by Honhard Helmshofen Hencksegmühle Stallion field Hetzelhof Hilpert Hinteruhlberg Hirschhof Deer mill Hohenberg Hohenbronn Hohnhard Hornberg Horschhausen   I ngersheim Ipshof   J agstheim Jagstzell   K Aesbach Kaeshof Kaihof Lime mill Core mill Ketschenweiler Kleinbretheim Klingelsmühle Knortmühle Kresbronn Krettenbach Krumbach's Seegmühle Kupferhof Kunhard   L auderbach Leitsweiler Leuckershaußen Limbach Lindenhof Lixhof Lixmühle Lohr Lura mill, the upper one   M ainkling

Marienkappel Markertshofen Matzenbach Maulach Meelhof Melbersmühle Michelbach an der Haid Michelbach at the hatch Michelfeilshäuslein Mistlau Middle mill Musdorf   N eidenfels Nestleinsberg Neuberg Neuenstädlein Neuhaus Neumühle Niederweiler Wind down   O mouseling Obermühle near Jagstheim Oberndorf near Beimbach Oberspeltach Oberteufstetten Offenbach Oil house Oil mill near Crailsheim Oil mill near Oberteufstetten Onolzheim Oshatten   P artenmühle Plofelden Prettenfeld   R anzenweiler Rough city Rechenberg Rechenhausen Rehberg or Grunberg Regelshagen or Oberweiler Reesenhof Traveling sawmill Reuenthal and Mühle Riedsweiler Riegelhof Knights Holding the skirt Ropfershof Rosburg Rosenberg Rossfeld Rotendorf Roth am See Rother Seemühle Rothhof Rothisweilersägmühle Redness Rothmühle Rudolphsberg Ruckershagen Rupersbach   S aalbach Sägmühl at Schimmelrot Sägmühl near Stimpfach Sandhof

Satteldorf Saddle house Sauerbronnen near Crailsheim Saurach Scheibenhof Scheinbach Schimmelhof Schisselhof Schlechhardshof Schleifmühl near Michelbach an der Lücken Schönbronn near Markt Lustenau Schultberg Schwarzenhorb Schwarzmühl Seelgenstadt Sea mill Seidelsdorf Sieglershofen Simonsberg or Lichtenstein Sixenhof Sixenmühle Spenhof Mirror mill Playground Stegenhof Steinbach am Wald Steinbach an der Jagst Steinenweiler Stetten Stimpfach and Mühle Stockenhof Streitberg   T empelhof Tiefenbach Triensbach Tristhausen   U ntermeuerling Unterspeltach Unterteufstetten   V ehlenberg Vehlweiden or Kuppelismühle Veitswind Volkertshausen Vorderuhlberg   W aidenhäusermühl Waldthann Wallhausen Weidmannsberg Weilershof Weipertshofen Weldershub Become Waspes Wetschgertshaußen Wiesenbach Wilsmühl Wildenstein Will Winterberg Wittau Wollmershaußen Wüstenau   Z ankhof Zollhof and house Zumwagner

Justice and Chamber Office Feuchtwangen

The district of the Justice and Chamber Office Feuchtwangen is almost identical to that of the Ansbach Oberamt Feuchtwangen . Only the Beeghof and Bergertshofen were now subordinate to the Crailsheim Justice and Chamber Office. In 1801 it comprised 232 locations:

A ichen Aichmühl Aichenzell Allersberg Amonschönbronn Angerhof near Dürrwang Angerhof near Elpersroth Archshofen   B ammhofen Banzenweiler Bechhofen Basin mill Bergnerzell Bernau Bieberbach Binzenweiler Birkach Böcka Bonnlanden Bortenberg Bottenweiler Breitenau Bruck Buchmühle near Schnelldorf Buchmühle and Buchhof near Schopfloch Bühl near Rödenweiler Burgstall Büttelhof   C harhof Charmühle   D effersdorf Dentlein Deuenbach Dickersbronn Dinkelsbühl suburb Dombühl Dorfgütingen Drentel mill Durnhof Dürrwang   E lbleinsmühle near Windshofen Elpersroth Emmetsweiler Erlmühlen by Dentlein Eschenbach Espach Eulenhof (Breitenau)   F allhaus bey Feuchtwang Felden near Dinkelsbühl Fetschendorf Wet cheeks Fischhaus near Dinkelsbühl Flinsberg Forndorf Fröschau Frog mill   G artenhaus near Dinkelsbühl Gastenfelden

Gehrenberg Georgenhof Gernsbronn or Geisbronn Glass furnace Trench wind Grimacing Large mill Grosohrenbronn Gumpenweiler Gumpertshausen Gündelbach near Windshofen Guttenmühle near Windshofen   H ainmühle bey Krapfenau Hammer forge at Zehndorff Haundorf Häuslingen and mill Rear mill Heilbronn Hellenbach Autumn mill Herrnschalbach Hilpertsweiler Backside clay Backyard, old and new Hirschlach Höfstetten bey Feuchtwang Höfstetten near Wieseth Holder mill Hop garden   J ägerhaus bey Feuchtwang Jacobsmühle near Aichau Jockenmühle near Unterampfrach Jungehof   K altbronn Keierberg Kemleinsmühle near Hellenbach Kleinohrenbronn Kobeltsmühle near Dinkelsbühl Coals Koppenschalbach Krapfenau and Mühle Krebshof Krobshausen Krobshaus Mill Kühnhard   L buts wind Larrieden Slatted book Fief book Lehengütingen Leiperzell Leukersdorf Leuxenhof Lichtenau Liebersdorf Limbach Tan Lohemühle near Feuchtwang Lölldorf Delete mill at Unterahorn

Lottermühle, the upper one Lustenau   M azmannsdorf Mezlersberg Mittelmühle near Keierberg Mittelschönbronn Mögersbronn Mörlach Mosbach   N eidlingen or Bechhof Neumühle near Keierberg Neumühle near Schopfloch Neumühle near Weidelbach New or fulling mill at Oberkemathen News   O berahorn Oberampfrach Oberdallersbach Obermühle near Dürrwang Obermusbach Ober- and Unterradach Oberramsbach Oberrothmühle Oberschönbronn Oberstelzhausen Oehlmühle at Dentlein   P faffenhof near Hellenbach Plow mill Poppenweiler Powder mill near Waldhäuslein   R ammerzell(desolate) Ranspach Rappenhof Razendorf Reichenbach and Mühle Riegelbach Rismannsschalbach Rödenweiler Tube mill at Schopfloch Röschenhof Rothhof Rothmühle   S achsbach Sandhof (desolate) Schafhausen (desolate) Clapboard mill Grinding mill at Dinkelsbühl Grinding mill at Feuchtwang Schlezenmühle near Amonschönbronn Schnelldorf Schnepfenmühle near Forndorf Schönmühle near Feuchtwang Schönmühle near Lustenau Schopfloch Schwackhausen

Seiderzell Sickersdorf Sinselhof near Kleinohrenbronn Sommerau Sperbersbach and mill Stadtmühle near Feuchtwang Climbing mill Steinbach near Feuchtwang Steinbach near Wildenholz Stollenhof and mill Sulz Sulzach   T auberschallbach Tribur   U eberschlagmühle Ulrich St. Ungetsheim and mill Nonsense mill near Dinkelsbühl Lower maple Unterampfrach Unterdallersbach Lower Mosbach Unterramsbach Unterrothmühle Unterstelzhausen   V ellberg Voggendorf Volkertsweiler Vorderbreitenthann   W aizendorf Waldeck Waldhausen, big and small Forest house Voles Weidelbach Weikersdorf Hamlet on the lake Vineyard Westheim Wiesenbruck Wieseth Wild wood Windshofen Winter holding Wizmannsmühle Desert hamlet   Z ehedorf Brick house Ziegelhütte near Feuchtwang Ziegenberg or Heiligenkreuz near Höfstetten Room village Zirndorf Hissing village Zumberg To the house To court Zumloch or Dornberg Zwehrenberg and mill

End and dissolution of the Crailsheimer Kreis

Bavaria was divided into districts in 1808

On December 15, 1805, the Principality of Ansbach fell to France in exchange for the Electorate of Hanover and passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 . Bavaria introduced a new administrative structure. The district courts Gerhardsbronn (today Gerabronn) , Crailsheim and Feuchtwangen were formed from the Crailsheim district, parts of the Crailsheim district also went to the district court Dinkelsbühl .

On the basis of the Paris Treaty of February 28, 1810 between France and Bavaria, the object of which was an agreement on regional consolidation, the border treaty between the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Württemberg dated May 18, 1810 and the Bavarian regional courts Gerabronn and Crailsheim as well small parts of the Dinkelsbühl and Feuchtwangen regional courts finally came to Württemberg.

literature

• Address manual for the Franconian principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth . Publishing house of the two orphanages, Ansbach and Bayreuth 1801, p. 46-55 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Wikisource: Border Treaty between Bavaria and Württemberg from 1810  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Fritz Hartung (arrangement): Hardenberg and the Prussian administration in Ansbach-Bayreuth from 1792 to 1806. Tübingen 1906, ( online at archive.org )
2. ↑ Address Handbook , pp. 46–48.
3. ↑ Address Handbook , pp. 51–53.