List of exclaves and enclaves
The list of enclaves and enclaves includes enclaves and enclaves at the state level and some examples at the non-state level.
Exclaves and enclaves at international level
area | Area in km² | Exclave of | Enclave in | Comments, location |
---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | ||||
Cabinda | 7,270 | Angola | - | Lies between the areas of the Republic of the Congo (in the north) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (in the south). |
Ceuta | 18.5 | Spain | - | Spanish exclave on the North African Mediterranean coast, borders only on Morocco and is separated from it by a neutral zone. |
Chizumulu | 3 | Malawi | Mozambique | Malawian island in Lake Malawi , completely surrounded by Mozambican territorial waters . |
Likoma | 15th | Malawi | Mozambique | Malawian island in Lake Malawi , completely surrounded by Mozambican territorial waters . |
Lesotho | 30,355 | - | South Africa | Lesotho is a sovereign state enclosed by South Africa. From 1976 to 1994, Lesotho was not an enclave according to the South African view, as it also bordered the Transkei , which had been declared independent from South Africa, during this time . |
Melilla | 13.4 | Spain | - | Spanish exclave on the North African Mediterranean coast, borders only on Morocco and is separated from it by a neutral zone. |
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera | 0.019 | Spain | - | Spanish exclave on the North African Mediterranean coast, borders only on Morocco. |
America | ||||
Alaska | 1,717,854 | United States | - | From the 48 "continental states" by land only accessible via Canada . |
French Guiana | 83,534 | France | - | Since 1946 as an overseas department, part of the French national territory and thus an exclave. Borders with Brazil and Suriname . |
Islas Apipé | Argentina | Paraguay | Argentine archipelago in the Río Paraná , completely surrounded by Paraguayan territorial waters . | |
Isla Entre Ríos | Argentina | Paraguay | An uninhabited Argentine island in the Río Paraná , completely surrounded by Paraguayan territorial waters . 39 km west of Islas Apipé. | |
Isla Martín García | 1.84 | Argentina | Uruguay | Argentine island in the estuary of the Río de la Plata , completely surrounded by Uruguayan territorial waters. |
Northwest Angle | 1,544.5 | United States | - | Peninsula on Lake of the Woods , only accessible by land via Canada. |
Point Roberts , Washington State | 12.65 | United States | - | Location on a peninsula between the Strait of Georgia and Boundary Bay , only accessible by land via Canada. |
Province Point , Vermont | United States | - | Location on a peninsula in Lake Champlain , only accessible by land via Canada (Province of Québec). | |
Asia | ||||
Arzwasch (Արծվաշեն) | 40 | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belongs to Gegharkunik Province , occupied by Azerbaijan since 1992. |
Barak | 2 | Kyrgyzstan | Uzbekistan | |
Barxudarlı | 22nd | Azerbaijan | Armenia | Belongs to the province of Qazax , surrounded by the Armenian province of Tavush , occupied by Armenia. |
Chong Kara | Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan | ||
Dahagram-Angarpota | 25.95 | Bangladesh | India | After the ratification of the Indian-Bangladeshi border treaty in 2015, Dahagram-Angarpota remained the only one of the over 100 Indian-Bangladeshi enclaves to date . |
Dhekelia exclaves | 3.082 | Republic of Cyprus | Dhekelia | 4 Cypriot enclaves within the British Sovereign Base Area (SBA)
|
Erenköy / Kokkina | 2.5 | Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | - | De facto, since the TRNC is not recognized internationally, abandoned Turkish Cypriot village, today a military base. |
Gaza Strip | 360 | Palestinian Territories | - | With borders with Egypt and Israel . |
Kərki | 19th | Azerbaijan | Armenia | Belongs to the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic , lies within the Armenian province of Ararat , occupied by Armenia since 1992. |
Madha | 75 | Oman | United Arab Emirates | |
Musandam Peninsula | 1,800 | Oman | - | Also sometimes incorrectly referred to as an enclave in the United Arab Emirates . |
Nakhchivan | 5,500 | Azerbaijan | - | With borders to Armenia , Iran and Turkey . |
Nahwa | United Arab Emirates | Oman | If Madha lies within the enclave , it is therefore an enclave in an enclave ( second-order enclave ). | |
Oe-Cusse Ambeno | 817.23 | East Timor | - | |
Tomb of Sulayman Shah | 0.02 | Turkey | Syria | Turkey claims the approximately two hectare large and controlled area around the tomb of Sulayman Shah - at least the latter has belonged to it since the conclusion of the Ankara Treaty - in northern Syria, which is, however, controversial. |
Sarwan | 8.4 | Tajikistan | Uzbekistan | |
Shohimardon | 90 | Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan | |
So'x | 325 | Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan | |
Jangail | Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan | ||
Woruch | 130 | Tajikistan | Kyrgyzstan | |
Yuxarı Əskipara and Aşağı Əskipara | Azerbaijan | Armenia | Belongs to the province of Qazax , surrounded by the Armenian province of Tavush , occupied by Armenia. | |
Street section southeast of the Kairagatsch station, no place | <1 | Tajikistan | Kyrgyzstan | In the map the marked area in the extreme west of Kyrgyzstan |
Europe | ||||
Baarle-Hertog | 2,345 | Belgium | Netherlands | The small town of Baarle around 40 km northeast of Antwerp is divided between Belgium and the Netherlands. However, it is a single grown place.
|
Baarle-Nassau | 0.151 | Netherlands | Belgium |
|
Brezovica Žumberačka | 0.018 | Croatia | Slovenia |
|
Büsingen on the Upper Rhine | 7.62 | Germany | Switzerland | Has existed as a German customs exclusion area since 1835 , de facto as a Swiss customs area from 1947 to 1967 and de jure as a Swiss customs area since October 4, 1967 . |
Campione d'Italia | 1.6 | Italy | Switzerland | One of the oldest exclaves, has existed since 777 |
Southern part of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County | Croatia | - | Separated from the rest of Croatia by the Neum corridor belonging to Bosnia-Herzegovina . | |
Kaliningrad Oblast | 15,125 | Russia | - | Borders with Poland and Lithuania and has access to the Baltic Sea. |
Llívia | 12.84 | Spain | France | Spanish exclave in the Pyrenees |
Međurečje | 3,958 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Serbia | |
Sankowo-Medweschje | 4.54 | Russia | Belarus | Villages of a Russian exclave abandoned as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster . |
San Marino | 60.57 | - | Italy | San Marino is a sovereign state. |
Vatican city | 0.44 | - | Italy | Vatican City is a sovereign state. |
Vennbahn exclaves | 24.876 | Germany | Belgium | 5 German exclaves are separated to the west of the former Vennbahn, since the railway line is Belgian national territory.
|
area | Area in km² | Exclave of | Enclave in | Comments, location |
Exclaves and enclaves at the subnational level
Belgium
- The Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant and the Flemish Region.
- Comines-Warneton is an exclave of the Belgian province of Hainaut , the Wallonia region and the French-speaking community .
- Voeren is an exclave of the Belgian province of Limburg and the Flanders region .
Germany
- As a city-state, the State of Berlin is an enclave in Brandenburg .
- Bremerhaven is an exclave of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . The city of Bremen, in turn, has the Bremerhaven overseas port area as an “exclave within the exclave”. The city of Bremerhaven and thus also the state of Bremen has the Fehrmoor area in the northeast as an exclave, which is separated by a narrow strip of Lower Saxony area. The main part of the city of Bremen (without the overseas port area mentioned above) is again an enclave in the state of Lower Saxony - but not the state of Bremen, as this has a coastline in Bremerhaven.
- The islands of Neuwerk , Scharhörn and Nigehörn and parts of the Wadden Sea surrounding them are an exclave of the state of Hamburg according to the State Treaty between Hamburg and Lower Saxony of May 26, 1961. The Volksdorfer Buschwiese is a Hamburg exclave that is completely enclosed by the area of the municipality of Ammersbek in Schleswig-Holstein .
- The northern part of Ober-Laudenbach (a district of Heppenheim ) forms a Hessian enclave in Baden-Württemberg and itself contains a Baden-Württemberg enclave in Hesse . Another Baden-Württemberg exclave is located in the southern part of Ober-Laudenbach, which belongs to the main area of Hesse; This part is also an exclave of the city of Heppenheim at the municipal level, as it is separated from it by the Hessian community of Mörlenbach .
- The district of Breddin-Dismantling of the municipality of Breddin is a Brandenburg exclave in Saxony-Anhalt. The border to the neighboring town of Kümmernitz runs in the middle of the street that both towns share.
- Five uninhabited Brandenburg enclaves are located east of Schopsdorf and south of Ziesar in the Saxony-Anhalt city of Möckern . Four of them belong to the municipality of Buckautal , and one belongs partly to Buckautal and partly to the town of Ziesar. Conversely, there is an exclave of Möckern in the urban area of Ziesar.
- West of Billroda and west of Ziegelroda there is an uninhabited Saxon-Anhalt exclave in Thuringia .
- The Kragenhof , which belongs to Kassel, is separated from Hesse by the Fulda and can only be reached by land from Lower Saxony , which is why it also has the postcode and telephone code of neighboring Staufenberg .
- historical examples:
- Königsberg in Bavaria (and two other smaller areas) was an exclave of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Bavaria. After the First World War and the end of the monarchy, the Free State of Coburg and its exclaves joined Bavaria.
- The Thuringian states had numerous exclaves; z. B. Ostheim before the Rhön was a Thuringian exclave in Bavaria. The exclave came to the American occupation zone in 1945 and subsequently to Bavaria.
- The Ritzebüttel office and later the corresponding part of the land rulership was surrounded by the Prussian province of Hanover in Hamburg and went to Prussia through the Greater Hamburg Law in 1937 with the other Hamburg exclaves Geesthacht and Grosshansdorf .
France
In France , the canton of Valréas in the department of Vaucluse (84), also known as the Papal Enclave, is completely within the department of Drôme .
Austria
The federal state of Vienna is an enclave in Lower Austria . East Tyrol is an exclave of the state of Tyrol .
Switzerland
The two cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden together form an enclave in the canton of St. Gallen .
There are also numerous smaller exclaves at canton level:
Exclave of | area | Enclave in | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Aargau | Fahr Monastery | Zurich | |
Appenzell Innerrhoden | Oberegg | - | 2 exclaves |
Appenzell Innerrhoden | Grimmenstein Monastery | Appenzell Ausserrhoden | |
Appenzell Innerrhoden | Wonnenstein Monastery | Appenzell Ausserrhoden | |
Basel-Country | Roggenburg | - | Border with point contact ( four-country point ) |
Bern | Clavaleyres | - | |
Bern | Münchenwiler | Freiburg | |
Bern | Scold | - | Border with point contact ( four-country point ) |
Freiburg | Estavayer-le-Lac | - | |
Freiburg | Tours | Vaud | |
Freiburg | Surpierre | Vaud | |
Freiburg | Vuissens | Vaud | |
Freiburg | Wallenbuch | Bern | |
Geneva | Celigny | Vaud | 2 exclaves, including 1 enclave in Vaud |
Obwalden | Engelberg | - | |
St. Gallen | Residential building Raach 437 , Winden | Thurgau | |
Schaffhausen | Stone at the Rhein | - | |
Schaffhausen | Rüdlingen / Buchberg | - | |
Solothurn | Kleinlützel | - | |
Solothurn | Solothurn Leimental | - | |
Solothurn | Steinhof | Bern | |
Thurgau | horn | St. Gallen | |
Vaud | Avenches | - |
Note: The exclaves for which no information is given in the "Enclave in" column border on two or more other cantons or on another canton and the external border of Switzerland. So they are not enclaves as they are not completely enclosed by a single other canton.
There are also exclaves at the community level. The following exclaves deserve special mention:
- Exclaves in the Magadino Plain : This is due to the fact that the population lived in the Verzasca Valley in summer and spent the winter with their cattle on the plain. The result is that today the greater part of the population of Cugnasco-Gerra and Lavertezzo lives in the exclaves. Locarno also has an exclave in the Magadino plain, Gerre di Sotto .
- Oberegg AI , itself an exclave of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden , has two exclaves itself. The border is designed in such a way that it is ensured that each farm is assigned to the correct canton according to its religion.
- Rütihof , the enclave of Baden AG , is considered to be the most populous enclave in Switzerland at community level.
Spain
In Spain , the Castilian-Leonese municipality of Condado de Treviño is completely surrounded by Basque territory, while the Valencian Rincón de Ademuz is surrounded by Aragon and Castile-La Mancha . Furthermore, the Petilla de Aragón (consisting of two exclaves) belonging to Navarre is surrounded by Aragón, the Dehesa de la Cepeda belonging to Madrid by Castile-León and the Cantabrian municipality of Valle de Villaverde by the Basque Country .
United States
There are a few state-level exclaves in the United States of America :
- The westernmost point of the state of Kentucky ( Kentucky Bend ) is cut off from Kentucky by a bend in the Mississippi River . The area is only accessible from the rest of Kentucky by land via Tennessee or two river crossings via Missouri .
- According to a court decision in 1998, Ellis Island belongs in its original parts to New York , while the subsequently added part belongs to New Jersey . As a result, the New York area is completely enclosed by New Jersey. The surrounding waters are on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River . Liberty Island is also part of New York State and is completely surrounded by New Jersey waters.
- Delaware has some small pieces of land in Delaware Bay that are only accessible from New Jersey.
- Carter Lake , Iowa, has only one land border with Nebraska . However , Iowa is directly accessible via the Missouri River .
Former exclaves and enclaves in the 20th and 21st centuries
area | Exclave of | Enclave in | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Africa | |||
Algeria | France | - | The three coastal departments of Algeria, Algiers, Constantine and Oran, were part of mainland France from 1848 to 1962 and thus formed an exclave of France in North Africa. |
Gambela | Anglo-Egyptian Sudan | Abyssinia | 1902 British port, enclave of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and enclave in Abyssinia (1902–1936), Italian East Africa (1936–1941) and Ethiopia (1941–1956). Transferred from Sudan to Ethiopia in 1956 . |
Libya ( Tripolitania , Cyrenaica and Fezzan ) | Ottoman Empire | - | Until the conquest by the Italians in the Italo-Turkish War in 1911/12, the Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania , Cyrenaica and Fessan were effectively separated from the motherland by Egypt, which had been occupied by the British since 1882 , and formed an Ottoman exclave in North Africa. However, despite the British occupation, Egypt remained formally an Ottoman viceroyalty under Ottoman suzerainty until 1914 and only became a British protectorate in 1914 . |
São João Baptista d'Ajudá | - | Dahomey | 1680/1865 Portuguese colony, occupied and annexed by Dahomey in 1961 . |
Walvis Bay ( Walvis Bay ) | South Africa | - | 1878 British colony, 1910–1922 part of South Africa, 1922–1977 part of the South African mandate or trust area of South West Africa, 1977–1994 part of South Africa, transferred to Namibia in 1994. |
America | |||
Colón | Panama | Panama Canal Zone | 1903–1999 Exclave of Panama and enclave of the American Panama Canal Zone . |
Asia | |||
Chandernagore | French India | British India | 1683–1949 Exclave of French India and enclave in British India and India , transferred to India in 1949. |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | Portuguese India | British India | 1780–1954 Exclave of Portuguese India and enclave in British India and India , occupied by India in 1954, annexed in 1961. |
Damão | Portuguese India | - | 1559–1961 Exclave of Portuguese India , occupied and annexed by India in 1961. |
Diu | Portuguese India | - | 1535–1961 Exclave of Portuguese India , occupied and annexed by India in 1961. |
Goa | Portuguese India | - | 1510–1961 main area of Portuguese India , occupied and annexed by India in 1961. |
Gwadar | Oman | - | 1783–1958 exclave of Oman , transferred to Pakistan in 1958. |
Hyderabad | - | India | Independent principality in 1947, occupied by India in 1948 and annexed in 1950. |
Junagadh | Pakistan | India | 1947 Pakistani exclave, occupied by India on November 9, 1947 and annexed to India on February 25, 1948. |
Karikal | French India | - | 1739–1954 enclave of French India , annexed by India in 1954. |
Kowloon Walled City | China | Hong Kong | The exclave of China on the territory of the former British Hong Kong |
Mahé | French India | - | 1721–1954 enclave of French India , annexed by India in 1954. |
Mount Scopus | Israel | West Bank (then part of Jordan ) | Enclave from 1948 to 1967, u. a. Location of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . |
East Pakistan | Pakistan | - | 1947–1971 exclave from Pakistan , 1971 independent as Bangladesh . |
Pondichéry | French India | - | 1673–1954 main area of French India , annexed by India in 1954. |
Smyrna | Greece | - | 1920 in the Treaty of Sèvres to Greece , conquered by the Turks in 1922, in 1923 in the Treaty of Lausanne to Turkey . |
Yanaon | French India | - | 1723–1954 enclave of French India , annexed by India in 1954. |
On the border between the Indian state of West Bengal ( Koch Bihar district ) and Bangladesh , there were 198 enclaves close to one another until July 2015, see Indian-Bangladeshi enclaves . Of these, 106 were in India and 92 in Bangladesh. 21 of Bangladesh's enclaves were within Indian enclaves, three Indian within Bengali enclaves. The largest Indian exclave in the region, Balapara Khagrabari , surrounded a Bangladeshi exclave, Upanchowki Bhajni , which in turn contained a small Indian exclave, the world's only "third-order exclave" (see map : marker 51 / pink within 19 / green within 47 / pink) . In 2015, an India-Bangladeshi border treaty was ratified by the Indian parliament and it finally came into force on August 1, 2015. With this, all exclaves with the exception of Dahagram-Angarpota have been transferred to the surrounding state. | |||
Europe | |||
Ada Kaleh | Ottoman Empire | - | 1878-1919 Turkish exclave near Orșova in the Danube ; was then slammed into Romania . The Turks once conquered the island in 1440. |
Cattaro (serbokroat. Kotor ) | Italy | - | 1941–1943 / 45 Italian exclave on the coast of Montenegro . |
East Prussia | German Empire | - | After West Prussia was ceded to Poland in 1920, it was separated from the rest of the Reich ( Polish Corridor ) and enclosed between Poland , Lithuania and the Free City of Danzig ; however, East Prussia was accessible from the main German state area across the Baltic Sea . In 1945 it then came de facto to the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union . |
Spalato (serbokroat. Split ) | Italy | - | 1941–1943 / 45 Italian province on the Dalmatian coast. |
Pieces of stone | West Berlin | GDR | In 1972 the GDR assigned a connecting strip for an access road; since then Steinstücke was no longer an ex- or enclave. The GDR received, among other things, the Nuthewiesen and 4 million DM for the assignment of territory . |
Verenahof | Germany | Switzerland | Comes to Switzerland by State Treaty in 1967. |
West Berlin | ( de facto: Federal Republic of Germany ) | GDR | From the founding of the GDR in 1949 until reunification in 1990. While the Federal Republic of Berlin (West), with restrictions (→ Berlin question ), viewed it as its exclave, the GDR spoke of the special political unit West Berlin without belonging to the Federal Republic; the Western Allies assumed an occupation area of all of Berlin , to which East Berlin also belonged. Depending on the interpretation of international law, either West Berlin or all of Berlin was seen as an enclave in the GDR . |
Further Berlin exclaves , u. a. Nuthewiesen , Desert Mark , Fichtewiese, Erlengrund , Laßzinswiesen, Große Kuhlake, Falkenhagener Wiese, Finkenkrug , 3 areas in Klein Glienicke u. a. | West Berlin | GDR | Were in two area exchanges in 1972 and 1988 z. T. given to the GDR, z. Partly connected with West Berlin. |
Zara (serbokroat. Zadar ) | Italy | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 Yugoslavia ) | 1920–1941 Italian exclave in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 Yugoslavia ), at the same time it formed an enclave, since the exit of the port was already part of the Yugoslav territorial waters. When the hinterland was annexed to Italy in 1941, the city was no longer an exclave. In 1947 the entire area fell to Yugoslavia. |
Zehlendorf | Soviet Union | GDR | Temporary exclave: From 1978 to 1979 the construction site of a transmission tower was an exclave of the Soviet Union. |
Oceania | |||
Dutch New Guinea ( Western New Guinea ) | Dutch East Indies | - | 1828–1949 exclave of the Dutch East Indies . |
Fake or functional en- / exclaves
Parts of states
- Ceuta , separated from Morocco by a neutral zone , is sometimes incorrectly referred to as an enclave in Morocco, borders the Mediterranean Sea.
- Dubki , a Russian village, is located on the western (Estonian) coast of Lake Peipus .
- Fresh spit ; the north-eastern part of Russia can only be reached from Russia by land via Poland.
- Hinterriß , functional Austrian exclave, only accessible via Germany; but is not a German customs connection area .
- Small Walsertal , functional Austrian exclave, only accessible via Germany and since 1891 a German customs connection area .
- Jungholz , functional Austrian exclave, only accessible via Germany; Special feature: is only connected to Austria in one point and therefore not an enclave in Germany. Jungholz has been a Bavarian customs area since 1868 and is now a German customs area .
- Kalimantan , Indonesian exclave on Borneo with connection via territorial waters, only borders Malaysia on the land side .
- Curonian Spit ; the north-eastern part of Lithuania can only be reached from Lithuania by land via Russia.
- Livigno , previous functional Italian enclave in Switzerland since 1805 customs enclave ( duty free zone ).
- Melilla , separated from Morocco by a neutral zone , is sometimes incorrectly referred to as an enclave in Morocco, borders the Mediterranean Sea.
- Northern Ireland , an exclave of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with a connection via territorial waters, only borders the Republic of Ireland on the land side .
- Os de Civís , functional Spanish exclave, only accessible via Andorra .
- Samnaun , formerly functional exclave of Switzerland in Austria, since 1892 customs exclusion area ( duty free zone ).
- Spiss (Tyrol) , formerly functional exclave of Austria, until 1980 only accessible via Samnaun.
- Temburong , an exclave of Brunei with connection via territorial waters, only borders Malaysia on the land side .
- Tägermoos , a district of the German municipality of Konstanz on Swiss territory .
- Western New Guinea , Indonesian exclave in New Guinea with connection via territorial waters, only borders on Papua New Guinea on the land side .
- West Timor , Indonesian exclave on Timor with connection via territorial waters, only borders East Timor on the land side .
- Zeeuws Vlaanderen , Dutch exclave with connection via territorial waters, can only be reached by land via Belgian territory prior to the opening of the Westerschelden Tunnel .
- The Austrian section of the Roßfeldhöhenringstrasse (B999) can only be reached in both directions from Germany.
- The Irish villages Drumgarn, Clonooney, Clonagore and Clonowla can only be reached via Great Britain (Northern Ireland) due to the complicated demarcation of the land route; they are separated from the rest of Ireland by a river.
States
Various states and dependent areas with access to the open sea are or were limited on the land side by the area of only one other state:
- Brunei , an independent state, consists of two separate areas, both of which have only one land border with Malaysia .
- Denmark , an independent state, has only one land border with Germany .
- Dominican Republic , an independent state, has only one land border with Haiti .
- Gambia , an independent state, has only one land border with Senegal .
- Gibraltar , British overseas territory, has only one land border with Spain .
- Greece , an independent state, had only one land border with the Ottoman Empire until 1912 .
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , an independent state, has only one land border with the Republic of Ireland .
- Haiti , an independent state, has only one land border with the Dominican Republic .
- Ireland , an independent state, has only one land border with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .
- Canada , an independent state, has only one land border with the United States .
- Republic of Korea (South Korea), an independent state, has only one land border with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
- Monaco , an independent state, has only one land border with France.
- East Timor , an independent state, consists of two separate areas, both of which have only one land border with Indonesia.
- Papua New Guinea , an independent state, has only one land border with Indonesia.
- Portugal , an independent state, has only one land border with Spain .
- Sweden-Norway , an independent state, had only one land border with Russia until Norway's independence in 1905 .
- Qatar , an independent state, has only one land border with Saudi Arabia .
other areas
- Aden , a British colony from 1937–1967, only bordered on the land side of the British protectorate Hadramaut .
- Athos , an autonomous monastic republic, has only one land border with Greece .
- Baikonur , since 1994 Russian lease area in Kazakhstan .
- Hanko , 1940–1947 Soviet leasehold in Finland .
- Hong Kong , a British colony from 1841–1997, only bordered on land with the People's Republic of China .
- Ifni , Spanish possession in North Africa 1860–1969, only bordered on land with Morocco (1860–1912 and 1956–1969) and French Morocco (1912–1956).
- Kiautschou , 1898–1920 German, 1920–1922 Japanese lease area, only bordered on China on the land side.
- Kuwait , a British protectorate from 1899–1961, only bordered on the land side of the Ottoman Empire until 1920 .
- Kwangtschouwan , 1898–1946 French leasehold in China .
- Kwantung , 1898–1905 Russian, 1905–1945 Japanese, 1945–1955 Soviet leased land in China (1898–1932 and 1945–1955) and Manchukuo (1932–1945).
- Macau , Portuguese possession from 1557–1999, only bordered the PR China on the land side .
- Newfoundland , the British Dominion from 1907, bordered on land only with Canada , to which it was connected in 1949.
- Panama Canal Zone , owned by the USA from 1903–1999 , bordered only on land on Panama .
- Porkkala , 1947–1956 Soviet leasehold in Finland.
- Suez Canal Zone , 1888–1956 extra-territorial zone, bordered only on land on Egypt.
- Tangier , 1912–1956 international zone, only bordered on land with Spanish Morocco .
- Weihaiwei , 1898–1930 British leasehold in China.
- Due to the historical development, there are some exclaves in the areas of the Evangelical Churches in Germany. This includes B. since 1990 again the Schmalkalden parish of the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck in today's state of Thuringia . The same applies to the Catholic dioceses.
Temporary ex- / enclaves
- The area of the construction site of the main mast end of Zehlendorf was to perform faster during construction a Soviet enclave to the construction of the same due to lower safety standards in the former Soviet Union 1978/79.
- It is rumored that Suite 212 of Claridge's Hotel in London was ceded by Great Britain to Yugoslavia on July 17, 1945 in order to enable the birth of Crown Prince Alexander , whose parents were exiled in London at the time, on Yugoslav soil. However, there are no corresponding documents for this.
literature
- Evgeni Vinokurov : A Theory of Enclaves. Lexington Books, Lanham (Maryland / USA) 2007.
- Manfred Schmidt: Exclaves, Enclaves and Other Territorial Anomalies. Grin Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-17973-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article EAC Refugee Settlement , on: Jan. S. Krogh's Geosite (Engl.)
- ↑ a b c Article Enclaves within Dhekelia , on: Twelve Mile Circle (Engl.)
- ↑ Sarvan (English)
- ↑ Daniel Huber: Crazy Limits, Part I: Six Swiss Borderline Cases, No. 6 Welscher Patchwork Carpet (accessed on February 2, 2020)
- ↑ Postal address Raach 437, 9315 Winden according to the Federal Building and Housing Register GWR ( excerpt, PDF ), the meadow itself is unnamed according to swissNAMES3D Geographical names of the national survey
- ↑ BBC: Did a London hotel room become part of Yugoslavia? , July 18, 2016