Heinrich Boell

This article is about the writer. For the church musician, see Heinrich Boell .

Heinrich Böll (1981)

Heinrich Theodor Böll (born  December 21, 1917 in Cologne , † July 16, 1985 in Kreuzau - Langenbroich ) is considered one of the most important German writers of the post-war period . In 1972 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature , with which his literary work was recognized, "which has had a renewing effect in the field of German literature through its contemporary historical foresight in connection with its art of representation, which is characterized by sensitive empathy". In his novels , short stories , radio plays and numerous political essays , he dealt critically with the young Federal Republic. He also worked with his wife Annemarie Böll as a translator of English-language works into German and as an editor.

Life

Youth and wartime (1917–1945)

Heinrich Böll was born in Cologne's Südstadt (corner of Alteburger Strasse and Teutoburger Strasse). His parents were the carpenter Viktor Böll and his wife Maria (née Hermann). Heinrich was the eighth child and the third son of his father; Maria was his second wife. The petty-bourgeois Böll family were of the Catholic faith and rejected National Socialism . The inflation of 1923 led to the bankruptcy of the father's business, the family had to leave their apartment and move to a poor neighborhood. In the opinion of his last lecturer Dieter Wellershoff , Böll experienced this move as an "expulsion from his childhood paradise", which he made his literary theme of life.

Böll attended the Catholic elementary school in Raderthal from 1924 to 1928 and then switched to the state humanistic Kaiser Wilhelm Gymnasium . After graduating from high school in 1937, he began an apprenticeship as a bookseller in the Math. Lempertz bookstore in Bonn , which he broke off after just eleven months. His first attempts at writing also fall during this time. In November 1938 Heinrich Böll was drafted into the Reich Labor Service , which he ended on March 31, 1939. On October 9, 1938, he took part in a “retreat” for incoming recruits, which he described in detail in a 1958 letter to a young Catholic . In the summer semester of 1939 he began studying German and Classical Philology at the University of Cologne (and wrote his first novel, Am Rande der Kirche ), but in late summer he was drafted into the Wehrmacht ( presentation time September 4th) . He remained a soldier until he in April 1945 in US captivity came from which he was released in September. Böll's war experiences are documented in the two-volume edition of his letters from the war of 1939–1945 published in 2001 . He spent most of his time as a soldier as an interpreter for the German occupation forces, which had a great need for interpreters. Böll just passed the required French exam. In December 1942, he complained in a letter to his wife that he mainly had to translate orders for subordinate assistants.

During a leave from the front in 1942, Heinrich Böll married Annemarie Čech , a college friend of his sister Mechthild Böll. The couple's first son, Christoph, died in 1945, the year he was born. The sons Raimund , René and Vincent were born in 1947, 1948 and 1950.

During the Second World War , he asked his parents several times in letters from the front to send him Pervitin , which was widely distributed to soldiers at the beginning of the war. Even after the war he is said to have remained dependent on it at times.

Literary beginnings (1945–1950)

During the war, Böll had mainly written letters. After the war, however, he took up fiction writing again. In addition, he did various odd jobs. He also re-enrolled at the university, but mainly because of the ration card allocation. In 1947 he gave up his studies for good. During this time, Annemarie Böll in particular supported the family with her regular income as a teacher and in the 1950s as a translator. For this reason, Heinrich Böll liked to describe himself as “the man of a civil servant”. The first post-war novel was published in July 1946 under the title Kreuz ohne Liebe (entry for a competition). Böll's first short stories appeared in magazines in 1947. They can be described as post- war literature or as war, rubble and homecoming literature. Central topics are the experience of the war and undesirable social developments in post-war Germany. Some of the best short stories appeared in 1950 in the anthology Wanderer, come you come to Spa ... , which established Böll's fame as a short story writer. Other short stories from the first post-war years were, however, z. Partly in edited form, published in the anthology Die Verwundung (1983). In 1949 the war story Der Zug was punctual appeared as the first independent book publication , which, translated into French, was also published in 1953 in Jean-Paul Sartre's magazine Les Temps Modernes .

An important source for this time is the posthumous (for both) published correspondence with his close friend, the writer, publisher and screenwriter (Suleyken was so tender) Ernst-Adolf Kunz (alias Philipp Wiebe), whom he met while a prisoner of war in France ("Hope is like a wild animal", Kiepenheuer 1994, dtv 1997).

The main works (1951–1971)

Heinrich Böll's first major success was his debut with Gruppe 47 in May 1951. Although Böll had already published a number of works by this time, these had not yet met with a great response. The invitation to the seventh meeting of Group 47 in Bad Dürkheim came about at the suggestion of Alfred Andersch . Böll read the satire The Black Sheep and won - albeit in a tight decision against Milo Dor - the Group 47 Prize at his first appearance , received prize money of 1000 DM and subsequently an author's contract with Kiepenheuer & Witsch . The following years were the most creative phase in Heinrich Böll's life. This is evidenced by the many works that he produced, including Where have you been, Adam? (1951), And didn't say a single word (1953), House Without a Guardian (1954), Irish Diary (1957), Doctor Murke's Collected Silence (1958), Billiards at sixteen (1959), Views of a Clown (1963) and End of One Business trip (1966). Since 1954 the author has enjoyed spending his summer holidays with the family on the island of Achill in the west of Ireland .

Public person and engagement from the mid-1950s

In the Adenauer era, Böll took a position opposite to the restorative zeitgeist and was also considered the protagonist of German left-wing intellectuals in the period that followed.

In the mid-1950s, Böll came under the influence of the CIA- controlled Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF). Böll mistakenly assumed that this transatlantic organization was financed by the then politically unsuspicious Ford Foundation . Böll's personal friend and publisher Joseph C. Witsch was the Cologne section head of the CCF, and later the CIA agent and journalist Carola Stern edited in its publishing house . With Böll, the CIA was able to win over a number of other intellectuals such as Siegfried Lenz and Marcel Reich-Ranicki , who belonged to the left-liberal and anti-communist camp. Böll was of particular interest to the CIA because of its commitment to persecuted Eastern European writers on his travels to Eastern Europe. Böll had made travel reports about it for Joseph C. Witsch, who immediately forwarded them to the CIA headquarters in Paris. According to Günter Grass , however, Böll never allowed himself to be steered, but always kept his own will.

From the 1950s onwards, Heinrich Böll became increasingly concerned with the political problems of his homeland and other countries such as Poland and the Soviet Union, and dealt with them very critically. The Soviet writers and dissidents Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1974) and Lev Kopelew (1980) were guests of Böll after their departure.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn with Böll in front of his house, February 14, 1974

Heinrich Böll (1983)

From April 16, 1970 to 1972 he was chairman of the German, from September 13, 1971 to 1974 also president of the international PEN club .

The novel Gruppenbild mit Dame , published in 1971, is not only Böll's most extensive, but also, in the opinion of many critics, his most important novel. In Böll's own words, it was a “summary and further development” of his earlier work. In this work he takes sides for the "derogatory" (the "garbage") of society, for outsiders and those who refuse to perform. The novel became a bestseller and contributed significantly to the awarding of the Nobel Prize for Literature to Böll in December 1972. In 1972, Böll caused a domestic political scandal when he wrote an essay for Der Spiegel entitled Will Ulrike Grace or Free Conduct? dealt with the person and career of the RAF terrorist Ulrike Meinhof and sharply attacked the reporting in the Springer press . The title had been changed by Spiegel against Böll's will, the familiarity of the author with Meinhof suggested by the mention of the first name corresponded neither to Böll's intention nor to the content of the text. In conservative circles, he has since been considered a “spiritual sympathizer” of terrorism, which Heinrich Böll suffered from. The CDU member of the Bundestag Friedrich Vogel spoke at the time of the "Bölls and Brückners " as intellectual accomplices of terror. Since the authorities did not consider it impossible that wanted RAF members could find shelter with him, a house search was carried out on June 1, 1972 in Langenbroich, about which he complained in writing to Federal Interior Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher five days later . The exact circumstances of this action, particularly the number of officers deployed, are controversial. While Böll himself assumed there were up to 20 police officers, the then head of operations Helmut Conrads claimed that only he and a colleague from the State Criminal Police Office had paid Böll a visit. Robert Spaemann , who was in Böll's house that day, confirmed, however, that he had seen several heavily armed police officers. After Böll had accused the Springer Group of creating public opinion and defamation, Springer-Verlag escalated again. A smear campaign was organized against the writer, which culminated in demands for his departure. In the same year he received the Nobel Prize for Literature in the fall.

In 1974, Böll's best-known work, Die Lost Ehre der Katharina Blum , was published, which makes a contribution to the violence debate of the 1970s and deals particularly critically with the Springer press. The story was translated into over 30 languages ​​and filmed by Volker Schlöndorff . At the time, the book was also massively criticized from conservative circles and, in complete contradiction to its core message, was often presented as a “justification for terrorist violence”, including by the later Federal President Karl Carstens . It was often covered in German lessons, especially in the 1980s and 90s, and bought around 50,000 times a year. 2.7 million copies were sold worldwide by 2017, making it Böll's best-selling prose work.

During this time he also dealt with several conflicts in South America . He tried to talk to the relevant parties, for example with a Bolivian women's delegation in Bolivia , in order to solve the problems on the ground. In Ecuador, Heinrich Böll fell ill with a vascular disease in his right leg as a result of his heavy tobacco consumption, which is why he had to undergo operations there and later in Germany.

At the end of the 1970s he supported Rupert Neudeck in his commitment to the Vietnamese boat people , from which later the aid organization Cap Anamur / German emergency doctors emerged .

He also dealt critically with the Catholic Church and demonstratively resigned from it in 1976 without, however, “falling away from the faith” because of this (the resignation from the Church was recorded by the Düren District Court on January 9, 1976). Böll supported the peace movement directed against NATO rearmament and in 1983 took part in a sit-in at the missile base on the Mutlanger Heide . Together with other celebrities such as Petra Kelly , Oskar Lafontaine , Erhard Eppler , Dietmar Schönherr and thousands of demonstrators, he blocked the access routes to the missile site from September 1st to 3rd, 1983.

The novel Fürsorgliche Siege , published in 1979, was created against the background of the so-called German Autumn and processed the author's own experiences, who was repeatedly slandered as a terrorist sympathizer and had to endure police measures. Böll's last work women against river landscape , a Bonn-Roman, was created and appeared in 1985. Today this novel, as well as the greenhouse of Wolfgang Koeppen , a - by no means flattering - literary monument to the capital from 1949 to 1989.

"Interfering is the only way to be realistic."

- Heinrich Böll: Interference desired (1977)

death

Grave of the couple Böll in Merten , designed by their son René Böll

Böll suffered from a vascular disease. At the beginning of July 1985, Böll was taken to a hospital in Cologne to have another operation. After this operation on July 15, he returned to his house in Langenbroich in the Voreifel. Here he died on the morning of July 16. Three days later he was buried in Merten near Cologne, with great sympathy from the population, by a priest who was friends with the family according to the Catholic rite. The rumor that Böll rejoined the Church before his death does not correspond to the facts. Many colleagues and politicians were present at the funeral. The then Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker also took part in the funeral service, a sign of the enormous public interest in Böll's person at the time. Böll's wife Annemarie was buried in the same grave in 2004.

Aftermath

Posthumously was founded in 1992 Böll's first, in the post-playing novel The Silent Angel of the Wuppertal literary scholar Werner Bellmann issued has also supplemented by an explanatory afterword the work. The manuscript, which was created from 1949 onwards and was rejected by the Friedrich Middelhauve publishing house in 1951, was only able to be published in parts or chapter by chapter in the form of short stories.

Previously unpublished narrative texts were published in 1995 under the title Der pale Hund with an afterword by Heinrich Vormweg; This collection also contains a text from the pre-war period.

Böll's first post-war novel Kreuz ohne Liebe was published in 2002 as part of the Cologne Böll edition. The novel is set in the time of National Socialism , partly before, partly in the years of the Second World War.

In 2004, the Böll edition of Cologne also presented the pre-war novel Am Rande der Kirche , which anticipated Böll's vehement argument with the Catholic official church and bourgeois Catholicism, which later appeared in novels like Der Engel , And didn't say a single word and manifested views of a clown .

Several institutions bear the name of the writer; such as the Heinrich Böll Foundation , which is closely related to the Green Party , and the Heinrich Böll Archive , a documentation and information center about his life and work. Böll's holiday home on Achill Island and his house in Langenbroich serve as Böll Cottage and Heinrich-Böll-Haus scholarship holders as temporary homes. Numerous schools were also named after the poet. Since 1985 the city of Cologne has awarded the Heinrich Böll Prize for “outstanding achievements in the field of German-language literature”. In August 2017, the city of Bornheim laid out a Heinrich-Böll-Weg as a walk on the edge of the districts of Merten and Rösberg.

On the occasion of Böll's 100th birthday, the Cologne Museum Ludwig presented an exhibition entitled “The humane camera. Heinrich Böll and Photography ”from September 1, 2017 to January 7, 2018. It was about Böll's relationship to photography -“ as a person in public life, as an object of his contemplation, as an aid for his literary work and as a motif in his Fonts ".

estate

The estate of Heinrich Boll was in Cologne city archives kept and used with its collapse on 3 March 2009 mostly severely damaged or destroyed. In January 2009 the city archives had bought missing parts of the estate for 800,000 euros, including a further 6,400 manuscripts, letters and documents from Böll. Only a small part of the estate, which was currently with the editors of the complete edition of Böll's works, could be saved from damage. With 380 cardboard boxes, Böll's estate was the largest collection in the Cologne City Archives. The certificate for Böll's Nobel Prize for Literature was recovered soon after the collapse.

Awards and honors

Böll sculpture by Wieland Förster , Greifswalder Strasse , Prenzlauer Berg , Berlin

• 1951 Literature Prize of the " Group 47 " for The Black Sheep
• 1953 German Critics' Prize
• 1953 BDI eV sponsorship award from the German Business Culture Association 
• 1955 Prix ​​du Meilleur livre étranger for the French translation of House without Guardians
• 1958 Eduard von der Heydt-Kulturpreis der Stadt Wuppertal
• 1967 Georg Büchner Prize for the complete literary works
• 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature
• 1974 Carl von Ossietzky Medal
• 1974 member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
• 1975 Member of the Academy of Arts (Berlin)
• 1979 Federal Cross of Merit (rejected by him)
• 1982 honorary citizen of the city of Cologne
• 1983 title of professor of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia
• 1983 member of the American Philosophical Society
• 1984 member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
• 1984 Commander in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
• 2010 honorary citizen of the city of Bornheim ; awarded posthumously on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of his death
• 2015 Medal of Gratitude from the European Solidarność Center , awarded posthumously for its support of the Solidarność movement in the struggle for freedom and democracy
• 2017 Deutsche Post stamp on the 100th birthday of Heinrich Böll for € 0.70 for the standard letter

Judgments about Heinrich Böll

Heinrich Böll Vectogramm at the Heinrich Boell School in Fürth (Odenwald)

• "If someone asks me in the future what kind of books the Germans have to offer today of real power and veracity, I'll name the Böll." Karl Korn , 1953, after the publication of the novel Und said not a single word ( FAZ , April 4th 1953, No. 79)
• “[...] not the thirty-year-old early-completed, not the Bachmann , not Enzensberger and not even Grass, but the soon-to-be-fifty-year-old Böll is representative of German post-war literature. It's her classic. ” Karl Heinz Bohrer , 1967, after Heinrich Böll was awarded the Büchner Prize (FAZ, October 23, 1967, no. 246).
• “What I admire most is the simplicity, clarity and accuracy of his language. He doesn't say anything and he never tries to bluff. ” Carl Zuckmayer , 1968, with a focus on the Irish diary
• " Group Portrait with Lady is clearly the work that tipped him towards the prize, and it is a Nobel Prize novel if ever I saw one." Michael Ratcliffe on group picture with Lady in The Times , London, May 3, 1973.
• “Böll, everyone knows him, is the hostel father for dissident traveling companions over there. Biermann slept in his bed, and I hope he didn't find Solzhenitsyn's lice in it. ” Peter Hacks , 1976.
• "Heinrich Böll, the writer who only wanted to represent his time in his work and thus wrote for all time, will not be forgotten." Siegfried Lenz , 1985.
• “The Böll was really great as a guy. / The mindset and budget were right. / It would be top notch, / if it weren't for the novels. ” Robert Gernhardt , 1994.
• “It's like Balzac , about whom Böll says: 'Big is also with him, which may sometimes seem unsuccessful.' And like Balzac, it will continue to be read in the future as a mirror of a lost world. ” Norbert Niemann in the essay Böll's Legacy, 2003.
• There is “hardly an author whose books take up topics and moods that have lost none of their topicality to this day. On the contrary, they are more virulent than ever. One would even have to say: Böll's topics have returned to us in an uncanny way. ” Tanja Dückers , 2007.
• “Loved, yes, revered abroad, he gave many readers and listeners orientation and a concept of freedom that was not limited to the market economy. Perhaps that is why he was hated by a pack of politicians and their claqueurs until the day he died on July 16, 1985. " Günter Grass in the essay When Heinrich Böll was buried, 2009.
• “Böll, too, suffered the fate that almost all authors have: After death, that sounds cynical now, the editions go up for a moment because there is general emotion, but this emotion does not last long. It was the same with Böll. ” Reinhold Neven DuMont , June 10, 2009, WDR interview.
• “It's largely forgotten, and I have a guess as to why that is. [...] he had a nose for topics that the Germans burned on their fingers. But now Böll has been dead for 25 years, today completely different topics are current, so the distance to his books and to him is inexorably growing. ” Marcel Reich-Ranicki , 2010.
• “Böll's topics could provoke; their literary design was rather conservative. Today, Böll's novels can primarily be read as documents, as the author probably placed more and more emphasis on the social and societal side of literature than on aesthetic aspects. ” Ulla Hahn , July 2010.
• See also: “You newcomers - what are you doing now?” Writers remember Heinrich Böll's life and work . 7 contributions on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of HB's death, and a. by Jürgen Becker , Brigitte Kronauer and Dieter Wellershoff ( Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , July 16, 2015, p. 20.)

Heinrich Böll Foundation and Prize

In 1997 the Heinrich Böll Foundation e. V. was officially founded as the successor to the Rainbow Foundation . The foundation association emerged in the 1980s from the foundations Buntstift (Göttingen), Frauen-Anstiftung (Hamburg) and Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung (Cologne). The tasks of the first Böll Foundation in Cologne consisted on the one hand in promoting educational and research projects that are in the spirit and spirit of the namesake, with the focus on migration, democracy, gender equality and the environment; on the other hand, the foundation contributed to the collection, edition and publication of works by Böll. Since the merger of the sub-associations of the Rainbow Foundation under the umbrella of the renewed Heinrich Böll Foundation , the association has been the “ related foundation ” of the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party .

In addition, the Heinrich Böll Prize has been awarded since 1985 (initially annually, later every two years). It is donated by the City of Cologne and is endowed with € 20,000. The prize is awarded for outstanding achievements in the field of German-language literature, including to little-known authors.

A joint project of the Heinrich Böll Foundation, the Kiepenheuer & Witsch publishing house , the Heinrich Böll community of heirs and the Heinrich Böll Archive of the Cologne City Library bears the name Cologne Edition of the Works of Heinrich Böll . In the course of this project, all published and some unpublished texts were re-edited and commented on. Individual volumes of this edition have been published since 2002 and were completed with the publication of the 25th to 27th volume in November 2010.

Works

Original editions

• The man with the knives . Short story. Kassel 1948.
• The train was on time . Narrative. Middelhauve, Opladen 1949.
• Wanderer, are you coming to Spa… . (25) Stories. Middelhauve, Opladen 1950.
• The black sheep . Narrative. Middelhauve, Opladen 1951.
• Where have you been adam Novel. Middelhauve, Opladen 1951.
• Not just at Christmas time . A humorous story. FVA, Frankfurt am Main 1952.
• The scales of the Baleks . Short story. FAZ , 1953.
• And didn't say a single word . Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1953.
• House without a guardian . Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1954. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2010. 16th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-01631-5 .
• The bread of the early years . Narrative. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1955. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2008. 23rd edition. ISBN 978-3-423-01374-1 .
• Irish diary . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1957. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2009. 57th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-00001-7 .
• In the valley of the thundering hooves . Narrative. Insel Verlag, Wiesbaden 1957 ( Insel-Bücherei 647).
• The traceless . Radio play. Afterword by Rudolf Walter Leonhardt . Bredow Institute (Hörwerke der Zeit 9), Hamburg 1957.
• Zimpren train station . Short story. In: Die Zeit , 1958.
• Doctor Murke's collected silence and other satires. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1958.
• Billiards at half past six . Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1959. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2009. 29th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-00991-1 .
• Stories, radio plays, essays . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1961.
• A sip of earth. Drama (Premiere Düsseldorf 1961). Foreword by Joachim Kaiser . Kiepenheuer & Witsch (Collection Theater 3), Cologne 1962.
• When the war broke out . When the war was over . Two stories. Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1962 (IB 768).
• Views of a clown . Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1963. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2009. 54th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-00400-8 . ( No. 1 on the Spiegel bestseller list in 1963 and 1964 )
• Distance from the troop . Narrative. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1964. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 1992. ISBN 978-3-423-11593-3 .
• End of a business trip . Narrative. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1966. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2004. 24th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-00566-1 . ( Number 1 on the Spiegel bestseller list from October 7, 1966 to April 16, 1967 )
• Trespassing . Radio play - leprosy . Play. Kiepenheuer & Witsch (pocket 4), Cologne 1969.
• Group picture with lady . Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1971. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2007. 23rd edition. ISBN 978-3-423-00959-1 ( No. 1 on the Spiegel bestseller list from August 30 to September 19 and from September 27 to October 24, 1971 )
• The lost honor of Katharina Blum or: How violence occurs and where it can lead. Narrative. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1974. ( No. 1 on the Spiegel bestseller list from August 26 to November 3, 1974 )
• Reports on the state of mind of the nation . Kiepenheuer & Witsch (pocket 64), Cologne 1975.
• You go to Heidelberg and other stories too often . A collection of 18 stories. Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1979. Latest edition: dtv, Munich aoJ, ISBN 978-3-423-01725-1 .
• Caring siege . Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1979. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2003. 9th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-10001-4 . ( No. 1 on the Spiegel bestseller list from August 27 to November 4, 1979 )
• What should become of the boy? Or: something with books . Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1981.
• The legacy . Narrative. Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1982.
• The wound and other early narratives . Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1983.
• Women in front of a river landscape . Novel in dialogues and self-talk. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1985 ( 1st place on the Spiegel bestseller list from September 16 to December 15, 1985 )

Published posthumously :

• The angel was silent . Novel. With an afterword by Werner Bellmann . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1992. Latest edition: dtv, Munich 2009. 4th edition. ISBN 978-3-423-12450-8 .
• The pale dog . Eleven stories. With an afterword by Heinrich Vormweg . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1995.
• Cross without love . Novel. In: HB works. Cologne edition. Vol. 2. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2002.
• On the edge of the church. Novel. In: HB works. Cologne edition. Vol. 1. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2004.
• Sometimes you want to whimper like a child. The War Diaries 1943-1945. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2017, ISBN 978-3-462-05020-2 .

Editions of works (selection)

• Works 1–10. Edited by Bernd Balzer . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1977/78.
• In own and other matters. Writings and speeches 1952–1985. Nine volumes. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1985–1988.
• Cologne edition. 26 volumes + 1 register volume. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2002–2010.

Translations

The bibliography published by Werner Bellmann in 1995 lists over seventy translations by Annemarie and Heinrich Böll, including works by Brendan Behan , Eilís Dillons , O. Henrys , Paul Horgans , Bernard Malamuds , Zindzi Mandelas , Jerome David Salingers and George Bernard Shaws .

• I - the comedian. The memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi . Submitted by Boz 'pseudonym of Charles Dickens'  . Translated into German by Annemarie Böll and Heinrich Böll. Introduced by Hilde Spiel . Siedler, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-88680-085-7 .

Letters

• Hope is like a wild animal. The correspondence between Heinrich Böll and Ernst-Adolf Kunz 1945–1953 . Edited by Herbert Hoven. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1994.
• Letters from the war 1939–1945 . 2 volumes, ed. and commented by Jochen Schubert. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-462-03022-1 .
• Heinrich Böll - Lew Kopelew. Correspondence . With an essay by Karl Schlögel. Edited by Elsbeth Zylla. Steidl, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-86930-363-5 .
• Paul Celan. Correspondence with friends from the Rhineland: Heinrich Böll, Paul Schallück, Rolf Schroers . Edited by Barbara Wiedemann. Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-518-42257-1 .
• Correspondence between Jenny Aloni and Heinrich Böll: A German-Israeli dialogue . Edited by Hartmut Steinecke. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2013, ISBN 978-3-89528-997-2 .
• Norbert Bicher: Heinrich Böll, Willy Brandt and the SPD. A relationship in letters, texts, documents . JHW Dietz, Berlin 2017. ISBN 978-3-8012-0512-6 .

Conversations, interviews

• Heinrich Böll with Christian Linder : Three days in March. A conversation . Kiepenheuer & Witsch. Series: Pocket 65, Cologne 1975
• Heinrich Böll with Lew Kopelew : Why did we shoot each other? Lamuv, Bornheim 1981
• Heinrich Böll with Lew Kopelew and Heinrich Vormweg: Anti-Communism in East and West. Two conversations. Bund, Cologne 1982
• Heinrich Böll with Heinrich Vormweg : Because the city has become so foreign ... Conversations [1976–1982]. Lamuv, Bornheim 1985
• Heinrich Boell. Works. Cologne edition. Vol. 24–26: Interviews I – III. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2009–2010.
• Heinrich Böll with Elke Heidenreich and Jürgen Lodemann , literary magazine Café Großeswahn , SWR , 42 min., October 29, 1983

Film adaptations of his works

• The moment of truth . TV play, based on the radio play Bilanz . First broadcast: ARD , April 22, 1958. Director: Gustav Burmester . Actors: Elisabeth Bergner , Heinz Klevenow , Albrecht Schönhals , Hanns Lothar , Manfred Steffen .
• Ireland and its children . TV report, Federal Republic of Germany, 1961, screenplay: Heinrich Böll, production: WDR , ARD . "A Poetic Portrayal of Ireland".
• The bread of the early years . Feature film, BR Germany, 1962, director: Herbert Vesely , actors: Christian Doermer , Vera Chekhova, Karen Blanguernon, cinema premiere: May 22, 1962 at the Cannes Film Festival .
  The film is considered to be the forerunner of the Young German Film and was awarded five federal film awards.
• Metropolitan Journal / Film Title: Machorka-Muff . Short fiction film, BR Germany, 1962, 18 min., Directors: Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub , actors: Erich Kuby .
• Doctor Murke's collected silence. Feature film, BR Germany, 1964, director: Rolf Hädrich , actors: Dieter Hildebrandt , Dieter Borsche . Based on the satire of the same name from 1958 .
• Doctor Murke's collected obituaries. Feature film, BR Germany, 1965, director: Rolf Hädrich, actors: Dieter Hildebrandt, Robert Meyn, Dieter Borsche.
• Billiards at half past six. / Film Title: Not Reconciled or Violence Only Helps Where There Is Violence. Feature film, BR Germany, 1965, directors: Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub , actors: Heinrich Hargesheimer, Carlheinz Hargesheimer , Martha Staendner, Danièle Huillet.
  One of the first films in the Junge Deutsche Kino .
• Not just at Christmas time. TV movie, BR Germany, 1970, director: Vojtěch Jasný , first broadcast: ZDF , December 30, 1970, actors: Edith Heerdegen , René Deltgen , Peter Ehrlich , Rolf Becker , Edeltraud Elsner. Based on the satire of the same name from 1952 .
• End of a business trip. Television feature film, BR Germany, 1971, director: Hans Dieter Schwarze , actors: Alois Maria Giani , Heinrich Huber , Wolfgang Büttner , Günter Strack , Wolfgang Hofmann, Peter Loth, Hermann Günther, Hanns Ernst Jäger . Based on the story of the same name from 1966 .
• House without a guardian. TV feature film, BR Germany, 1975, director: Rainer Wolffhardt , first broadcast: ZDF, January 20, 1975, actors: Renate Schroeter , Karin Baal , Günter Lamprecht , Lina Carstens .
• Views of a clown . Feature film, BR Germany, 1975, director: Vojtěch Jasný , actors: Helmut Griem , Hanna Schygulla , Eva-Maria Meineke , Gustav Rudolf Sellner , Hans Christian Blech , Alexander May , Jan Niklas , Rainer Basedow , cinema premiere: 14 January 1976.
• The lost honor of Katharina Blum . Feature film, BR Germany, 1975, directors: Volker Schlöndorff and Margarethe von Trotta , actors: Angela Winkler , Mario Adorf , Jürgen Prochnow , cinema premiere: October 10, 1975 in nine cinemas in Germany.
• Group picture with lady . Feature film, France, BR Germany, 1977, director: Aleksandar Petrovic, actors: Romy Schneider , Brad Dourif , Vadim Glowna , Richard Münch , Kurt Raab , Otto Sander , cinema premiere: May 26th 1977 at the Cannes Film Festival .
• The displaced Antigone. Script draft by Böll for Volker Schlöndorff's contribution (= 12th episode) to the film Deutschland im Herbst , cinema premiere : February 1978, actors in the Antigone episode: Angela Winkler , Vadim Glowna ; other directors: Alf Brustellin , Bernhard Sinkel , Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Alexander Kluge , Edgar Reitz .
• Something will happen . Short film, 2003, 15 min., 35 mm / Dolby SR, script and direction: Roland Gießer , actors: Rufus Beck , Hanns Zischler , Sky DuMont , Peter Rühring , Johannes Silberschneider and others. For educational institutions in the distribution of the FWU Grünwald , based on the short story of the same name.
• Anecdote about lowering morale . Short film, 2004, directors: Bastian Brockmann, Julia Hirsch-Hoffmann, actors: Thomas Heinze , Helmut Rühl . Eva Schneider's animated film Urlaubfreude is also basedon Böll's anecdote .

Settings

• Tilo Medek : Katharina Blum. Opera in five days and an episode (written in 1984/1986), premiered on April 20, 1991 at the Bielefeld Theater . The libretto was written by Dorothea Medek, the composer's wife.
• Dieter Schnebel : With these hands for cello with round arch and voice, premiered by Michael Bach and William Pearson on December 14, 1992 in Gürzenich in Cologne, on the occasion of the commemoration of Heinrich Böll's 75th birthday. It is based on a short prose text written by Böll in 1947 (published in 1992 in the Cologne Museum Bulletin ; reprinted in volume 3 of the Cologne edition).
• The composer Giselher Klebe wrote a Christmas Oratorio on behalf of the Rheinischer Merkurs and the city of Bonn, in the center of which is the text Die Kunde von Bethlehem by Heinrich Böll. The seventy-minute work for mezzo-soprano, baritone, speaker, mixed choir and large orchestra was premiered in 1989 as part of the 2000 year celebration of the city of Bonn in Bonn 's Beethoven Hall.
• Rolly Brings : "We come a long way / Mer kumme wick her". Poetry by Heinrich Böll translated into Kölsch and set to music by Rolly Brings & Bänd. Original texts: Heinrich Böll, Cologne version: Rolly Brings, Peter Brings, Stephan Brings (1990) Music: Rolly Brings & Bänd, produced by Rolly Brings & Bänd (1992). Publisher: Kiepenheuer & Witsch; Chlodwig II / Ufa (P) 1993 Chlodwig Musik (LC) 0193 Electrola / EMI.
• The composer Helmut Oehring has processed Heinrich Böll's texts into a "docu-poetic instrumental theater for 16 instrumental vocal soloists, three singers, child soloists, pre-produced feeds and live electronics": KUNST MUSS (go too far) or DER ENGEL SCHWIEG . World premiere (with the assistance of René Böll): December 11, 2017, Staathaus, Cologne.

Literature (selection)

• Bibliography of research literature and reviews: https://web.archive.org/web/20110726214946/http://www2.uni-wuppertal.de/FBA/germanistik/Bellmann/Teilbib.htm#BM7
• Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Ed.): Heinrich Böll. 3rd edition, new version. edition text + kritik , Munich 1982, ISBN 3-88-377120-1 .
• Jan Bathsien , Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann (Hrsg.): Views of an outsider. Heinrich Böll - celebrated, fought, forgotten? (= Herrenalber Forum, 74) Protestant Academy Baden, Karlsruhe 2014, ISBN 978-3-89674-575-0 .
• Bernd Balzer : The literary work of Heinrich Böll. Introduction and comments. dtv, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-423-30650-5 .
• Werner Bellmann (ed.): The work of Heinrich Böll. Bibliography with studies on early work. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1995, ISBN 3-531-12694-6 .
• Werner Bellmann (ed.): Heinrich Böll, novels and stories. Interpretations. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-15-017514-3 .
• Hans Joachim Bernhard: The novels Heinrich Bölls. Social criticism and community utopia. 2nd, revised and expanded edition, Rütten and Loening, Berlin 1973.
• Hanno Beth (Ed.): Heinrich Böll. An introduction to the complete works in individual interpretations. 2nd, revised and expanded edition, Königstein im Taunus 1980.
• Alfred Böll: Pictures of a German Family. The Bölls. Gustav Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1981.
• Lucia Borghese: Invito alla lettura di Heinrich Böll. Mursia, Milan 1980.
• Peter Bruhn , Henry Glade : Heinrich Böll in the Soviet Union 1952–1979. Erích Schmidt, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-503-01617-1 .
• Michael Butler (Ed.): The Narrative Fiction of Heinrich Böll. Social conscience and literary achievement. Cambridge 1994.
• Robert C. Conard: Understanding Heinrich Böll. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia 1992.
• Manfred Durzak: Criticism and Affirmation. Heinrich Böll's novels. In: Manfred Durzak: The German contemporary novel. (1971). 3rd, exp. and change Aufl. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1979. (Language and Literature. 70.) pp. 55–163.
• Frank Finlay: On the Rationality of Poetry: Heinrich Böll's Aesthetic Thinking. Rodopi, Amsterdam / Atlanta 1996.
• Erhard Friedrichsmeyer: The satirical short prose Heinrich Bölls. Chapel Hill 1981.
• Christine Hummel: Intertextuality in Heinrich Böll's Work. Scientific publishing house, Trier 2002.
• Manfred Jurgensen (Ed.): Böll. Investigations into the work. Francke, Bern / Munich 1975.
• Dietrich Kluge: Heinrich Böll and the radio play. The runner on the cinder track. Dissertation , University of Gießen , Frankfurt a. M. 1993, microfiche .
• Christian Linder : Heinrich Böll. Life & Writing 1917–1985 . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1986.
• Christian Linder: The whirring of the approaching arrow. Heinrich Boell. A biography. Matthes & Seitz Verlag, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-88221-656-1
• Ferdinand Melius (ed.): The writer Heinrich Böll. A biographical and bibliographical outline . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1959; Extended edition, new ed. by Werner Lengning: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv 530), Munich 1968; 5th edition 1977.
• Ihor Prodaniuk: The imagery in Heinrich Böll's novels. Series: Abhandlungen zur Kunst-, Musik- und Literaturwissenschaft, 262. Bouvier, Bonn 1979 & John Benjamin, London 1979, ISBN 3-416-01411-1 , full text , (basic work).
• Marcel Reich-Ranicki (Ed.): In the matter of Böll. Views and Insights. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1968.
• Marcel Reich-Ranicki: More than a poet: about Heinrich Böll. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-462-01792-6 .
• JH Reid: Heinrich Böll. A German for His Time. Oxford / New York / Hamburg 1988. - German: Heinrich Böll. A witness of its time . dtv, Munich 1991. ISBN 3-423-04533-7 .
• Dorothee Römhild: The honor of women is inviolable. The image of women in Heinrich Böll's work . Centaurus-Verlags-Gesellschaft, Pfaffenweiler 1991, ISBN 3-89085-439-7 .
• Ralf Schnell : Heinrich Böll and the Germans. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2017, ISBN 978-3-462-04871-1 .
• Klaus Schröter : Heinrich Böll . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1987, ISBN 3-499-50310-7 . (Rowohlt's monographs; 310).
• Jochen Schubert: Heinrich Böll . Fink, Paderborn 2011 (UTB Profile). ISBN 978-3-8252-3340-2 .
• Jochen Schubert: Heinrich Böll, biography . Theiss, Darmstadt 2017. ISBN 978-3-8062-3616-3 .
• Jochen Vogt : Heinrich Böll . 2nd Edition. Beck, Munich 1987. ISBN 3-406-31780-4 .
• Heinrich Vormweg : The other German. Heinrich Boell. A biography . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-462-02938-X .

Documentaries

• Heinrich Böll on the 100th birthday. Documentary film, Germany, 2017, 43:47 min., Script and director: Christina Srowig, production: Westdeutscher Rundfunk , first broadcast: December 18, 2017 on WDR television , summary of BR and online video available until December 19, 2022. Among other things with René Böll and Reinhold Neven DuMont .
• Heinrich Böll, Views of an Anarchist. Documentary with game scenes, Germany, 2017, 44:29 min., Script and director: Norbert Busè , production: studio.tv.film, 3sat , first broadcast: December 2, 2017 on 3sat, summary by 3sat. With Tilo Nest as Böll and Moritz von Treuenfels as a young Böll.
• The great literary tour. Heinrich Bölls Ireland. Documentary, Germany, 2016, 52 min., Book: Hartmut Kasper , director: Jonas Niewianda, André Schäfer, production: Florianfilm, MDR , RB , rbb , SWR , WDR , arte , series: Die große Literatour , first broadcast: June 15 2016 at arte, table of contents by ARD .
• Heinrich Böll - a writer from Cologne. Documentary, Germany, 2009, 43:11 min., Script and director: Ulrike Brincker, production: WDR , first broadcast: December 2009 on WDR television , summary by ARD . Among others with René Böll , Clemens Böll, Siegfried Lenz , Günter Wallraff , Dieter Wellershoff , Reinhold Neven DuMont .
• Used and controlled - artists on the CIA network . Documentary, Germany, 52 min., 2006, director: Hans-Rüdiger Minow, production: arte , ZDF , first broadcast: November 29, 2006, synopsis by ARD , online video , etc. a. with Günter Grass , Werner Spies , Ekkehart Krippendorff , Heinrich Senfft , Reinhold Neven DuMont , Erich Schmidt-Eenboom , Pierre Grémion and Tom Braden .
• Böll and the CIA. A documentary shows how the US secret service used artists. Television report, Germany, 2006, production: 3sat , editing: Kulturzeit , first broadcast: November 29, 2006, table of contents, ( Memento from December 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive ).
• Heinrich Boell . Documentary, Italy, 1977, 120 min., Director: Ivo Barnabò Micheli , production: Antea Coop, RAI , table of contents from the Lexicon of International Films .
  With interviews by Heinrich Böll, Egon Bölsche , Ingeborg Drewitz , Hans Mayer , Oskar Negt , Peter Schneider and Volker Schlöndorff , a reading by Angela Winkler and a musical interlude by Klaus the violinist .

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Böll  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikiquote: Heinrich Böll  - Quotes

• Literature by and about Heinrich Böll in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Heinrich Böll  in the German Digital Library
• Böll | 100 1917-2017
• Heinrich-Boell.de - Portal of the community of heirs Heinrich Böll, with photos and original sound documents .
• Irmgard Zündorf, Susanne Wirtz: Heinrich Böll. Tabular curriculum vitae in the LeMO ( DHM and HdG )
• Information from the Nobel Foundation on the award ceremony in 1972 to Heinrich Böll (English) and a banquet speech (German)
• Heinrich Böll in the Internet Movie Database (English)
• Wilhelm Johannes Schwarz: The characters in Heinrich Böll's narrative work. Dissertation at McGill University , Montreal 1965, (German).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 40 years ago: Nobel Prize for Literature for Heinrich Böll. In: boell.de. Heinrich Böll Foundation , October 19, 2012, accessed on June 13, 2018 . 
2. ↑ Dieter Wellershoff : Heinrich Böll: The defense of childhood. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , July 23, 2010.
3. ↑ Cf. Werner Bellmann: "Exaggeration is the definition of art." A commentary on Heinrich Böll's "Letter to a Young Catholic". In: Wirkendes Wort 64 (2014), Issue 1, pp. 85–96.
4. ↑ Letters from the War , Vol. 1, p. 638
5. ↑ ibid. P. 575
6. ↑ Erik Eggers : Lively Panzerschokolade. In: the daily newspaper , December 28, 2006.
7. ^ Christiane Grefe : Where is Böll? In: Zeitmagazin Leben , August 2, 2007.
8. ↑ Jochen Schubert: Heinrich Böll . Theiss Verlag, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-8062-3616-3 , p. 58 .
9. ↑ Hope is like a wild animal. The correspondence between Heinrich Böll and Ernst-Adolf Kunz 1945 - 1953. Kiepenheuer & Witsch .
10. ↑ Rudolf Walter Leonhardt : A look back in love. In: Die Zeit , December 19, 1997.
11. ↑ Elke Sturmhoebel: Where Heinrich Böll wrote his Irish diary. In: The world . April 27, 2013.
12. ^ ^{A b} Hans-Rüdiger Minow: Used and controlled - artists in the network of the CIA. In: arte / ARD , November 29, 2006.
13. ^ ^{A b} Hans Georg: CIA-controlled: Heinrich Böll. ARTE documentary about German writers in the secret service thicket. In: NRhZ-Online - Neue Rheinische Zeitung , No. 72, November 28, 2006.
14. ^ Wolf-Dieter Roth : German artists and journalists as "IM" of the USA? Even Heinrich Böll worked - possibly unknowingly - for the CIA for years. In: Telepolis , November 26, 2006.
15. ^ Peter Bruhn and Henry Glade : Heinrich Böll in the Soviet Union. Erích Schmidt, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-503-01617-1 .
16. ↑ Jochen Vogt : Group picture with lady. In: Werner Bellmann (Ed.): Heinrich Böll. Novels and short stories. Interpretations. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-15-017514-3 , p. 222.
17. ↑ Werner Bellmann: Foreword. In: Werner Bellmann (Ed.): Heinrich Böll. Novels and short stories. Interpretations. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-15-017514-3 , p. 10.
18. ↑ Heinrich Böll: Not humus, but desert sand. In: Frankfurter Rundschau , June 21, 1972, p. 4; see. Böll's statement on the Bundestag debate in excerpts: Documents of the time. In: Die Zeit , June 23, 1972, No. 25.
19. ↑ Christian Linder : Biography auf Hochglanz. In: Die Zeit , April 8, 1998, No. 16.
20. ^ Robert Spaemann : Coffee, cake and terror. In: Die Zeit , April 29, 1998, No. 19.
21. ↑ dpa / se: The "passionate contemporary". Heinrich Böll on the 30th anniversary of his death. In: Kulturzeit , 3sat , July 13, 2015.
22. ↑ Klaus Staeck : He's missing! In: Berliner Zeitung , July 22, 2010.
23. ↑ Joachim Göres: One who is still read. In: SHZ , July 15, 2010.
24. ↑ Ralf Schnell , Heinrich Böll and the Germans , Cologne 2017, ISBN 978-3-462-04871-1 , p. 213.
25. ↑ Udo Leuschner: Demonstrations against "retrofitting". In: Mutlangen, September 1, 1983, (“Prominentenblockade”).
26. ^ Heinrich Böll: Interference desired . Writings at the time. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Munich 1977, ISBN 978-3-462-01181-4 , pp. 402 . ( Interference is the only way to be realistic. In: Google Books - quotation on page 15). See also Heinrich Böll: Leben und Werk, Chapter 8, interference desired , 1973.
27. ↑ Alexandra Klaus: Where the Nobel Prize Winner found peace. ( Memento from December 17, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , October 11, 2006.
28. ↑ Emmanuel van Stein: Memories of Heinrich Böll. Cigarettes for Uncle Hein. In: Kölner Stadtanzeiger , July 22, 2010.
29. ^ Heinrich-Böll-Weg: In the footsteps of Heinrich Böll through Merten and Rösberg. In: Stadt Bornheim , accessed on June 13, 2018, with photo series.
30. ↑ The humane camera. Heinrich Böll and photography. In: Museum Ludwig , accessed on June 13, 2018.
31. ^ The estate of Heinrich Böll and the collapse of the city archive in Cologne. In: Heinrich Böll Foundation , March 4, 2009.
32. ↑ APA : Böll's entire estate is in the historical city archive. In: Die Presse , March 3, 2009.
33. ^ Lothar Schröder: Cologne's memorial. What was stored in the historical city archive. In: Rheinische Post , March 3, 2009.
34. ^ Andreas Rossmann : Return to Spender. The historical archive of the city of Cologne threatens to be amputated. In: FAZ , July 25, 2003, p. 33, excerpts .
35. ^ Böll's Nobel Prize certificate recovered. In: Handelsblatt , April 16, 2009.
36. ↑ Literature committee - projects and award winners since 1953. 1953–1989 sponsorship awards, honorary gifts. In: Kulturkreis der deutschen Wirtschaft im BDI eV (PDF; 3 pp., 268 kB), accessed on June 13, 2018.
37. ↑ The matter of honor. ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: boellundkoeln.de .
38. ↑ Member History: Heinrich Böll. In: American Philosophical Society. Retrieved May 10, 2018 . 
39. ^ Bornheim honorary citizen Heinrich Böll. In: Stadt Bornheim , 2010, accessed on June 13, 2018.
40. ^ Stefan Palm: Polish medal of gratitude for Heinrich Böll. In: City of Cologne - Office for Press and Public Relations. September 21, 2015, accessed September 23, 2015 . 
41. ↑ 100. Born Heinrich Böll, postage stamp for € 0.70. Deutsche Post AG, issue date: December 7, 2017.
42. ↑ Peter Hacks: News from Biermann . In: The world stage . Issue 49, December 1, 1976, p. 1541 ff .
43. ^ Siegfried Lenz : The great buddy. In: Der Spiegel , No. 30, July 22, 1985.
44. ^ Robert Gernhardt : Gesammelte Gedichte: 1954 - 2006. Fischer Klassik.
45. ↑ Norbert Niemann : Böll's legacy. In: Die Zeit , January 2, 2003, No. 2.
46. ↑ Tanja Dückers : The Sensuality of the Early Years. In: Die Welt , December 21, 2007.
47. ^ Günter Grass : When Heinrich Böll was buried. In: Die Zeit , May 20, 2009, No. 22.
48. ↑ Uwe Wittstock : “Böll's plays and poems are worthless.” In: Die Welt , July 15, 2010, interview with Marcel Reich-Ranicki .
49. ↑ Ulla Hahn : On the anniversary of Heinrich Böll's death. In: FAZ , July 29, 2011.
50. ↑ “You newcomers - what are you doing now?” Writers remember Heinrich Böll's life and work. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , July 16, 2015, beginning of the article.
51. ^ History of the Böll Foundation. In: boell.de
52. ^ Cologne edition, Volume 27. The Cologne edition of Heinrich Böll's works is complete. In: Kiepenheuer and Witsch , November 2010.
53. ^ Ulrich Greiner : The writer of compassion. We should read it again: Heinrich Böll. The conclusion of the 27-volume Cologne edition is a good occasion. In: Die Zeit , No. 5, January 27, 2011.
54. ↑ The texts in this volume were edited by Viktor Böll, Karl Heiner Busse and others. a. heavily edited and partly provided with new titles not from the author.
55. ↑ The published text is distorted by countless reading errors; see. the critical contribution by Werner Bellmann, in: Wirkendes Wort 62 (2012) Heft 3, pp. 497–504.