List of the oxidation states of the chemical elements

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The list presented here is a spin-off from the main article: Oxidation Number . It lists all known chemical elements with their assigned oxidation numbers. The listing of fractional oxidation numbers is dispensed with for reasons of space. However, these are listed for the individual elements for which they occur.

An entry in bold means that the element in question often has this oxidation number (s). Note: The list can be sorted by column by clicking on the corresponding symbol.

list

Ordinal
number
element Element
symbol
IUPAC group
(CAS group)
Oxidation number (s) Examples of connections
1 Hydrogen (hydrogenium) H 01 ( IA) −1, 1 −1 in NaH , 1 in HCl
2 helium Hey 18 ( VIII-A) 0 0 in HeNa 2
3 lithium Li 01 ( IA) 1 1 in LiF
4th beryllium Be 02 ( II-A) 2 2 in BeO
5 boron B. 13 ( III-A) 3 3 in H 3 BO 3
6th Carbon (carboneum) C. 14 ( IV-A) −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 −4 in CH 4 , −3 in C 2 H 6 , −2 in C 2 H 4 , −1 in C 2 H 2 , 0 in HCHO , 1 in CH 3 C HO ** , 2 in CO , 3 in CH 3 C OOH ** , 4 in CO 2
7th Nitrogen (nitrogenium) N 15 ( VA) −3 , −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 −3 in NH 3 , −2 in N 2 H 4 , −1 in N 2 H 2 , 0 in N (NO 2 ) 3 (central N atom) , 1 in H 2 N 2 O 2 , 2 in NO , 3 in HNO 2 , 4 in NO 2 , 5 in HNO 3
8th Oxygen (oxygenium) O 16 ( VI-A) −2 , −1, +1, +2 −2 in oxides , −1 in peroxides , 1 in O 2 F 2 , 2 in OF 2
9 fluorine F. 17 ( VII-A) −1 −1 in HF
10 neon No 18 ( VIII-A) 0 0 in NeBeS
11 sodium N / A 01 ( IA) −1, 1 −1 in {Na [crypt]} + Na - , 1 in NaOH
12 magnesium Mg 02 ( II-A) 2 2 in MgO
13 aluminum Al 13 ( III-A) −2, −1, 1, 2, 3 −2, −1 in aluminum- Zintl phases (e.g. Sr 8 Al 7 , LiAl ), 1 in AlF , 2 in [(SiMe 3 ) 3 C] 4 Al 2 , 3 in Al 2 O 3
14th Silicon Si 14 ( IV-A) −4, −2, −1, 2, 4 −4 in Ca 2 Si , −2 in CaSi , −1 in CaSi 2 , 2 in SiO , 4 in SiO 2
15th phosphorus P 15 ( VA) −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 −3 in Na 3 P , −2 in Na 2 P , −1 in helical (P - ) n , 0 in P 7 H 3 (apical P atom) , 1 in H 3 PO 2 , 2 in P 2 F 4 , 3 in P 4 O 6 , 4 in H 4 P 2 O 6 , 5 in P 4 O 10
16 Sulfur (Sulfur) S. 16 ( VI-A) −2 , −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 −2 in H 2 S , −1 in H 2 S 2 , 0 in S 4 O 6 2− (middle S atoms) , 1 in S 2 Cl 2 , 2 in SCl 2 , 3 in Na 2 S 2 O 4 , 4 in SO 2 , 5 in S 2 O 6 2− , 6 in H 2 SO 4
17th chlorine Cl 17 ( VII-A) −1 , 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 −1 in Cl - , 1 in ClO - , 3 in ClO 2 - , 4 in ClO 2 , 5 in ClO 3 - , 7 in ClO 4 -
18th argon Ar 18 ( VIII-A) (2) 2 in HArF (unstable)
19th potassium K 01 ( IA) −1, 1 −1 in potash , 1 in KOH
20th Calcium Approx 02 ( II-A) 2 2 in CaO
21st Scandium Sc 03 ( III-B) 3 3 in Sc 2 O 3
22nd titanium Ti 04 ( IV-B) −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 −2 in [Ti (CO) 6 ] 2− , −1 in [Ti (η 6 -C 6 H 5 R) 2 ] - (R = H, Me), 0 in [Ti (η 6 -C 6 H 6 ) 2 ], 1 in TiH, 2 in TiCl 2 , 3 in TiCl 3 , 4 in TiO 2
23 Vanadium V 05 ( VB) −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -3 in [V (CO) 5 ] 3− , -2 in [HV (CO) 5 ] 3- , -1 in [V (CO) 6 ] - , 0 in V (CO) 6 , 1 in ? , 2 in VI 2 , 3 in VBr 3 , 4 in VCl 4 , 5 in VF 5
24 chrome Cr 06 ( VI-B) 0, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6 0 in Cr (CO) 6 , 2 in CrCl 2 , 3 in Cr 2 O 3 , 4 in CrO 2 , 5 in CrF 5 , 6 in CrO 3
25th manganese Mn 07 ( VII-B) −3, −1, 0, 1, 2 , 3, 4, 6, 7 −3 in Mn (NO) 3 CO , −1 in Na [Mn (CO) 5 ], 0 in Mn 2 (CO) 10 , 1 in [(CH 3 C 5 H 4 ) Mn (CO) 3 ] , 2 in MnCl 2 , 3 in Mn 2 O 3 , 4 in MnO 2 , 5 in K 3 MnO 4 , 6 in K 2 MnO 4 , 7 in KMnO 4
26th Iron (ferrum) Fe 08 ( VIII-B) -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 , 3 , 4, 5, 6 −2 in Na 2 [Fe (CO) 4 ] , −1 in [Fe 2 (CO) 8 ] 2− , 0 in Fe (CO) 5 , 1 in5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Fe 2 ( CO) 4 , 2 in FeSO 4 , 3 in Fe 2 O 3 , 4 in Li 2 FeO 3 , 5 in FeO 4 3− , 6 in BaFeO 4
27 Cobalt Co 09 ( VIII-B) −1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 −1 in [Co (CO) 4 ] - , 0 in Co 2 (CO) 8 , 2 in CoCl 2 , 3 in CoF 3 , 4 in T4 - [Co (nor) 4 ] , 5 in Na 3 CoO 4
28 nickel Ni 10 ( VIII-B) 0, 1, 2 , 3, 4 0 in Ni (CO) 4 , 1 in K 4 [Ni 2 (CN) 6 ] , 2 in NiSO 4 , 3 in Ni 2 O 3 , 4 in K 2 [NiF 6 ]
29 Copper (cuprum) Cu 11 ( IB) 1, 2 , 3, 4 1 in Cu 2 O , 2 in CuSO 4 , 3 in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 – x , 4 in [CuF 6 ] 2−
30th zinc Zn 12 ( II-B) 1, 2 1 in Zn 25 -C 5 Me 5 ) 2 , 2 in ZnS
31 gallium Ga 13 ( III-A) 1, 2, 3 1 in "GaF" (= Ga I Ga III I 4 ) , 2 in GaS , 3 in GaCl 3
32 Germanium Ge 14 ( IV-A) −4, 2, 4 −4 in Mg 2 Ge , 2 in GeI 2 , 4 in GeO 2
33 arsenic As 15 ( VA) −3, 0, 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 −3 in Na 3 As , 0 in AsH 3 , 1 in AsI , 2 in As 2 I 4 , 3 in As 2 O 3 , 4 in As (OH) 4 , 5 in As 2 O 5
34 selenium Se 16 ( VI-A) −2, −1, 1, 2, 4 , 6 −2 in CdSe , −1 in Diseleniden Se 2 2− , 1 in Se 2 Cl 2 , 2 in SeCl 2 , 4 in SeO 2 , 6 in H 2 SeO 4
35 bromine Br 17 ( VII-A) −1 , 1, 3, 5, 7 −1 in KBr , 1 in BrO - ion, 3 in BrO 2 - ion, 5 in HBrO 3 , 7 in HBrO 4
36 krypton Kr 18 ( VIII-A) 0 , 2 0 in HKrCCH , 2 in KrF 2
37 Rubidium Rb 01 ( IA) −1, 1 −1 in Rubidid , 1 in RbCl
38 strontium Sr 02 ( II-A) 2 2 in SrO
39 yttrium Y 03 ( III-B) 3 3 in Y 2 O 3
40 Zirconium Zr 04 ( IV-B) 1, 2, 3, 4 1 in ZrCl , 2 in ZrCl 2 , 3 in ZrCl 3 , 4 in ZrO 2
41 niobium Nb 05 ( VB) 2, 3, 4, 5 2 in NbO , 3 in NbN , 4 in NbCl 4 , 5 in Nb 2 O 5
42 molybdenum Mon 06 ( VI-B) −2, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 −2 in [Mo (CO) 5 ] 2− , 0 in Mo (CO) 6 , 2 in [Mo 6 Cl 8 ] Cl 4 , 3 in MoF 3 , 4 in MoS 2 , 5 in MoCl 5 , 6 in MoO 3
43 Technetium Tc 07 ( VII-B) −1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 −1 in [Tc (CO) 5 ] - , 0 in Tc 2 (CO) 10 , 1 in [Tc (H 2 O) 3 (CO) 3 ] + , 3 in [Tc 2 Cl 8 ] 2− , 4 in TcCl 4 , 5 in TcF 5 , 6 in TcF 6 , 7 in Tc 2 O 7
44 Ruthenium Ru 08 ( VIII-B) −2, 0, 2, 3 , 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8 0 in Ru 3 (CO) 12 , 2 in Ru (C 5 H 5 ) 2 , 3 in RuCl 3 , 4 in RuO 2 , 5 in RuF 5 , 6 in RuF 6 , 7 in [(C 3 H 7 ) 4 N] [RuO 4 ] , 8 in RuO 4
45 Rhodium Rh 09 ( VIII-B) 0, 1 , 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6 0 in Rh 4 (CO) 12 , 1 in RhCl (PPh 3 ) 3 , 2 in Rh 2 (OOCCH 3 ) 4 , 3 in RhCl 3 , 4 in RhO 2 , 5 in RhF 5 , 6 in RhF 6
46 palladium Pd 10 ( VIII-B) 0 , 1, 2 , 4 0 in Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 , 1 in Pd 2 2+ , 2 in PdS , 4 in PdO 2
47 Silver (argentum) Ag 11 ( IB) 1 , 2 , 3, 4 1 in AgNO 3 , 2 in AgF 2 , 3 in Ag 2 O 3 , 4 in Cs 2 [AgF 6 ]
48 cadmium CD 12 ( II-B) 1, 2 1 in Cd 2 (AlCl 4 ) 2 , 2 in CdO
49 Indium In 13 ( III-A) 1, 2, 3 1 in InCl , 2 in In 2 Cl 4 (with In — In bond) , 3 in InCl 3
50 Tin (stannum) Sn 14 ( IV-A) 2 , 4 -4 in Mg 2 Sn, 2 in SnS , 4 in SnO 2
51 antimony Sb 15 ( VA) −3, −2, 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 −3 in K 3 Sb , −2 in the [Sb 2 ] 4− ion (e.g. in RbBa 4 [Sb 2 ] [Sb] [O]), 1 in organoantimony (I) compounds, 2 in Sb (PhCOS) 3 , 3 in SbF 3 , 4 in the antimony (IV) chloro complex [SbCl 6 ] 2− , 5 in SbF 5
52 Tellurium Te 16 ( VI-A) −2, -1, 1, 2, 4 , 6 −2 in Na 2 Te , −1 in ditellurides Te 2 2− , 1 in TeI, 2 in TeCl 2 , 4 in TeO 2 , 6 in H 6 TeO 6
53 Iodine I. 17 ( VII-A) −1 , 1, 3, 5, 7 −1 in NaI , 1 in ICl , 3 in IF 3 , 5 in KIO 3 , 7 in H 5 IO 6
54 xenon Xe 18 ( VIII-A) 0 , 2, 4, 6, 8 2 in XeF 2 , 4 in XeF 4 , 6 in XeF 6 , 8 in XeO 4
55 Cesium Cs 01 ( IA) −1, 1 −1 in {Li [crypt]} + Cs - , 1 in CsCl
56 barium Ba 02 ( II-A) 2 2 in BaO
57 Lanthanum La 03 ( III-B) 3 3 in La 2 O 3
58 cerium Ce Lanthanoid 3 , 4 3 in CeF 3 , 4 in CeF 4
59 Praseodymium Pr Lanthanoid 3 , 4 3 in PrF 3 , 4 in PrO 2
60 Neodymium Nd Lanthanoid 2, 3 , 4 2 in NdBr 2 , 3 in NdCl 3
61 promethium Pm Lanthanoid 3 3 in Pm 2 O 3
62 Samarium Sm Lanthanoid 2, 3 2 in SmI 2 , 3 in Sm 2 O 3
63 Europium Eu Lanthanoid 2, 3 2 in EuCl 2 , 3 in EuCl 3
64 Gadolinium Gd Lanthanoid 2, 3 2 in GdI 2 , 3 in Gd 2 O 3
65 Terbium Tb Lanthanoid 1, 2, 3 , 4 1 in TbCl, 2 in TbCl 2 , 3 in Tb 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , 4 in TbF 4
66 Dysprosium Dy Lanthanoid 2, 3 , 4 2 in DyI 2 , 3 in Dy 2 O 3
67 holmium Ho Lanthanoid 2, 3 2 in Ho 5 Cl 11 , 3 in Ho 2 O 3
68 Erbium He Lanthanoid 3 3 in Er 2 O 3
69 Thulium Tm Lanthanoid 2, 3 , 4 2 in TmI 2 , 3 in TmI 3 , 4 in Cs 3 [TmF 7 ]
70 ytterbium Yb Lanthanoid 2, 3 2 in YbI 2 , 3 in YbI 3
71 lutetium Lu Lanthanoid 3 3 in LuCl 3
72 hafnium Hf 04 ( IV-B) −2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 3 in HfI 3 , 4 in HfO 2
73 Tantalum Ta 05 ( VB) 2, 3, 4, 5 2 in TaO , 3 in TaN , 4 in TaCl 4 , 5 in Ta 2 O 5
74 tungsten W. 06 ( VI-B) 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 0 in W (CO) 6 , 2 in [W 6 Cl 8 ] Cl 4 , 3 in [W 6 Cl 12 ] Cl 6 , 4 in WCl 4 , 5 in WCl 5 , 6 in WO 3
75 rhenium re 07 ( VII-B) −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 −1 in Na [Re (CO) 5 ], 0 in Re 2 (CO) 10 , 1 in ReBr (CO) 5 , 3 in Re 3 Cl 9 , 4 in ReO 2 , 5 in ReCl 5 , 6 in ReO 3 , 7 in Re 2 O 7
76 osmium Os 08 ( VIII-B) −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8 −2 in Na 2 [Os (CO) 4 ], −1 in Na 2 [Os 4 (CO) 13 ], 0 in Os 3 (CO) 12 , 1 in OsI, 2 in OsCl 2 , 3 in OsCl 3 , 4 in OsO 2 , 5 in OsCl 5 , 6 in OsF 6 , 7 in OsOF 5 , 8 in OsO 4
77 iridium Ir 09 ( VIII-B) −3, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 , 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 −3 in [Ir (CO) 3 ] 3− , −1 in [Ir (CO) 3 (PPh 3 )] - , 0 in Ir 4 (CO) 12 , 1 in IrCl (CO) (PPh 3 ) 2 , 2 in IrCl 2 , 3 in IrCl 3 , 4 in IrO 2 , 5 in IrF 5 , 6 in IrF 6 , 7 in [(η 2 −O 2 ) IrO 2 ] + , 8 in IrO 4 , 9 in IrO 4 +
78 platinum Pt 10 ( VIII-B) -2, -1, 0, 2 , 4 , 5, 6 −2 in Cs 2 Pt , −1 in BaPt 2 , 0 in Pt (PPh 3 ) 4 , 1 in Pt 2 2+ , 2 in PtCl 2 , 4 in PtO 2 , 5 in PtF 5 , 6 in PtF 6
79 Gold (aurum) Au 11 ( IB) −1, 1, 2, 3 , 5 −1 in CsAu , 1 in AuCl , 2 in AuSO 4 , 3 in AuCl 3 , 5 in AuF 5
80 Mercury (hydrargyrum) Ed 12 ( II-B) 0, 1, 2 , 4 (?) 0 in Hg 3 2+ (central Hg atom) , 1 in Hg 2 Cl 2 , 2 in HgCl 2 , 4 in HgF 4
81 Thallium Tl 13 ( III-A) −1, 1 , 3 −1 in NaTl , 1 in Tl 2 SO 4 , 3 in Tl (NO 3 ) 3
82 Lead (plumbum) Pb 14 ( IV-A) 2 , 4 2 in PbO , 4 in PbO 2
83 Bismuth Bi 15 ( VA) −3, 1, 3 , 5 −3 in Na 3 Bi, 1 in Bi 10 Hf 3 Cl 18 (= [Bi + ] [Bi 9 5+ ] [HfCl 6 2− ] 3 ), 3 in Bi 2 O 3 , 5 in NaBiO 3
84 polonium Po 16 ( VI-A) −2, 2, 4 , 6 −2 in Na 2 Po , 2 in H 2 Po , 2 in PoO , 4 in PoO 2 , 6 in PoO 3
85 Astatine At 17 ( VII-A) -1 , 1, 3, 5, 7 −1 in AgAt, 1 in AtCl, 3 in AtO 2 - , 5 in La (AtO 3 ) 3 , 7 in AtO 4 - ***
86 radon Marg 18 ( VIII-A) 0 , 2 2 in RnF 2
87 Francium Fr. 01 ( IA) 1 1 in FrClO 4
88 radium Ra 02 ( II-A) 2 2 in RaSO 4
89 Actinium Ac 03 ( III-B) 2, 3 2 in AcH 2 , 3 in AcF 3
90 Thorium Th Actinoid 2, 3, 4 2 in ThI 2 , 3 in ThI 3 , 4 in ThI 4
91 Protactinium Pa Actinoid 4, 5 4 in PaCl 4 , 5 in PaCl 5
92 uranium U Actinoid 3, 4, 5, 6 3 in UCl 3 , 4 in UO 2 , 5 in UF 5 , 6 in UF 6
93 neptunium Np Actinoid 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7 3 in NpCl 3 , 4 in NpCl 4 , 5 in NpF 5 , 6 in NpF 6 , 7 in NpO 2 3+
94 plutonium Pooh Actinoid 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7 2 in PuO , 3 in PuCl 3 , 4 in PuO 2 , 5 in PuF 5 , 6 in PuF 6 , 7 in PuO 2 3+
95 Americium At the Actinoid 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, (7) 2 in AmCl 2 , 3 in AmF 3 , 4 in AmF 4 , 5, 6 in ions: AmO 2 + or AmO 2 2+ , 7 in AmO 5 3− (uncertain)
96 Curium Cm Actinoid 3 , 4 3 in CmCl 3 , 4 in CmF 4
97 Berkelium Bk Actinoid 3 , 4 3 in BkF 3 , 4 in BkF 4
98 Californium Cf Actinoid 2, 3 , 4 2 in CfI 2 , 3 in CfF 3 , 4 in CfF 4
99 Einsteinium It Actinoid 2, 3 2 in EsI 2 , 3 in EsI 3
100 Fermium Fm Actinoid 3 ****
101 Mendelevium Md Actinoid 3 ****
102 Nobelium No Actinoid 2 , 3 ****
103 lawrencium Lr Actinoid 3 ****
104 Rutherfordium Rf 04 ( IV-B) 4 * ****
105 Dubnium Db 05 ( VB) 3, 4, 5 * ****
106 Seaborgium Sg 06 ( VI-B) 6 * ****
107 Bohrium Bra 07 ( VII-B) 7th ****
108 Hassium Hs 08 ( VIII-B) 8 or lower * ****
109 Meitnerium Mt 09 ( VIII-B) 3, 4, 6 * ****
110 Darmstadtium Ds 10 ( VIII-B) 2, 4, 6 * ****
111 Roentgenium Rg 11 ( IB) 3 * ****
112 Copernicium Cn 12 ( II-B) 2 ****
113 Nihonium Nh 13 ( III-A) 3 ****
114 Flerovium Fl 14 ( IV-A) 4th ****
115 Moscovium Mc 15 ( VA) 3 ****
116 Livermorium Lv 16 ( VI-A) 2 ****
117 Tenness ***** Ts 17 ( VII-A) 1 ****
118 Oganesson Above 18 ( VIII-A) 0 ****

Annotation:

* Oxidation number is still unknown or is suspected.
**The carbon atom with the specified oxidation number is written in bold .
*** The chemical properties of astatine could so far only be determined with tracer experiments due to the small amounts available.
****Due to the short service life and the low availability, only tracer experiments can indicate the occurrence of the oxidation states. An isolation of the corresponding compounds has not (yet) taken place and is highly unlikely for most of these elements.
*****on the choice of a name for Ts in German see discussion: Tenness

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