Foreign policy of East Timor
The foreign policy of East Timor is shaped by the bilateral relations between East Timor and states all over the world. In addition, East Timor is a member of several international organizations.
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Foreign policy began as early as the end of the Portuguese colonial era in 1975. Due to the Indonesian threat, FRETILIN tried to find the largest party in the colony abroad to support its goal of independence. When Indonesia began to invade the border area covertly, FRETILIN unilaterally proclaimed independence . The Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor ( Portuguese República Democrática de Timor-Leste , tetum Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e ) RDTL was recognized by a total of only twelve states, besides the former Portuguese colonies of Angola , Cape Verde , Guinea-Bissau , Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe , also from the People's Republic of China (as the only permanent member of the UN Security Council), Cuba and Vietnam . However, Portugal, Indonesia, Australia , the United States and the United Nations refused recognition. But the Indonesian annexation in 1976 was not accepted either. Internationally, East Timor continued to be regarded as a "dependent territory under Portuguese administration" .
While the armed resistance against the occupiers continued in East Timor, representatives of FRETILIN and later the non-partisan umbrella organization of the resistance, the Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense (CNRT), tried to find a diplomatic solution to the conflict. From 1976 FRETILIN also had a permanent representative at the United Nations in José Ramos-Horta , who was Foreign Minister of the government-in-exile until 1977 . In addition to communist states such as the People's Republic of China and Cuba, support came primarily from the Roman Catholic Church, the Lusophone states in Africa and Portugal, and later also from Ireland . Politicians in exile found refuge in Mozambique, Cuba and Europe. After the Pope's visit in 1989 , the end of the Cold War and the Santa Cruz massacre in 1991, support came from the rest of the European Union , Australia and the USA. In 1996, the East Timorese bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta received the Nobel Peace Prize .
After the collapse of the Indonesian dictatorship, the United Nations, Indonesia and Portugal agreed to hold an independence referendum in East Timor , in which the people clearly spoke out in favor of independence from Indonesia. When the last wave of violence broke out by Indonesian security forces and pro-Indonesian militias , the United Nations sent the International Armed Forces East Timor (INTERFET), an Australian-led force, to restore order. East Timor came under UN administration for three years and was given independence on May 20, 2002 .
East Timor uses all avenues for friendly relations. It has reconciled itself with the former occupying power Indonesia, as well as with the colonial power Portugal. Through the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), East Timor also maintains close contacts with its African members, Brazil and Macau . Portugal also serves, along with Ireland, as the gateway to the European Union. The Catholic faith serves as a connecting element with the Philippines . You and Indonesia are among the strongest supporters of East Timor's aspiration to join ASEAN . The Melanesian culture of some ethnic groups of East Timor forms the basis of good relations with Papua New Guinea and the South Sea states.
There is a lot of sympathy in Australia, as East Timorese fought on the side of the Allies in the Battle of Timor , preventing a Japanese invasion of Australia. Nevertheless, there was a dispute for years about the demarcation in the Timor Sea and the exploitation of the natural resources there. Australia was also the only country in the world that de facto recognized the Indonesian annexation of East Timor.
East Timor receives major support from Cuba and the People's Republic of China, while the United States also has close ties with the Southeast Asian country. Other important partners are New Zealand , the United Kingdom , South Korea and Japan .
Due to its long history of foreign rule, East Timor has developed special relations with Western Sahara and supports both Kosovo and the Palestinian Autonomous Areas . As a formerly fragile state, East Timor is involved in a leadership position in the g7 + states .
East Timor’s foreign policy follows the principle of " Make many friends and zero enemies" ( tetum Amigos Barak no Zero Inimigos ). With the Agência de Cooperação de Timor-Leste (ACTL), East Timor also coordinates its own development aid for other countries. The ACTL has the possibility to set up its own representations in countries without diplomatic representations of East Timor. One of these “Technical Representations for Cooperation” ( Portuguese Representações Técnicas de Cooperação RTC ) is located in Bissau . Guinea-Bissau is the main beneficiary of East Timorese development aid.
The East Timorese Foreign Ministry is located in the Fatuhada district of the state capital Dili .
Relationships with organizations
ASEAN
East Timor aims to join ASEAN soon. Much of the trade goes through the states of Southeast Asia.
After admission to the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in July 2005, the application for admission to ASEAN was made on July 28, 2006 in Kuala Lumpur . In preparation for accession, East Timor signed a friendship and cooperation agreement with the ASEAN states on January 14, 2007 . In August 2007, the ASEAN states declared their general willingness to accept East Timor. In 2010, East Timor attended the ASEAN summit as a “special guest of the presidency”. While Indonesia, Malaysia , Brunei , Thailand , Cambodia , the Philippines and Myanmar supported East Timor in its desire for full membership, concerns were raised behind the scenes that ASEAN already had enough problems with Myanmar. Singapore in particular was skeptical whether East Timor would be able to cope with accession. In May 2011, East Timor's Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão put a brake on hopes. The country still lacks the necessary “human resources”.
European Union
The European Union has sent an ambassador to Dili , and East Timor has a permanent representative to the European Union . First as a representative of the CNRT, with independence as a representative of the state of East Timor. Citizens of East Timor are exempt from the visa requirement for the Schengen states . Citizens of the Schengen countries can also enter East Timor without a visa.
The European Union has pledged 15 million euros for rural development in 2008, and in 2011 the EU launched a 39 million euros program for East Timor. In 2006 it was already 23 million US dollars.
In 2020, the EU agreed to pay East Timor $ 5.5 million to deal with the consequences of climate change in rural areas.
G7plus
East Timor is one of the founding members of the g7 + countries and plays a leading role here. The official foundation took place on April 8, 2010 in Dili. The group consists of fragile states that exchange experiences through the organization and act together with donor states of development aid. Other members include Afghanistan , Haiti and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The East Timor’s Finance Minister Emília Pires was chairwoman of the g7 + from 2010 to 2012. East Timor is a successful example of a state that has been stabilized again. The g7 + secretariat is located in Dili. The General Secretary of the g7 + is the East Timorese Hélder da Costa .
Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries
East Timor has been a member of the CPLP since 2002, in which it maintains particularly friendly relations with Angola and Mozambique, for historical reasons. Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau provided financial support to East Timor, while Brazil and Portugal provided funding to the Southeast Asian country. From 2014 to 2016, East Timor led the community.
United Nations
The East Timorese government-in-exile had had a representative at the United Nations since 1976. After the end of the Indonesian occupation, East Timor was under UN administration for three years until 2002. The UN special envoy for East Timor was in charge . UN missions were active in the country until December 31, 2012 .
East Timor joined the United Nations as the 191st member on September 27, 1999, four months after independence. The country has Permanent Representatives of East Timor to the United Nations in New York and Geneva . East Timorese Sofia Borges works at the Office of the President of the United Nations General Assembly . Milena Pires is the Permanent Representative of East Timor to the United Nations in New York , Marciano da Silva in Geneva .
Others
East Timor has been part of the Non-Aligned Movement since February 24, 2003 . As an observer, East Timor took part in the third summit of the ACP countries in July 2002 and is now also a member. East Timor is an associate member of the Pacific Islands Forum and has participated in the annual meeting of heads of state and government since August 2002. East Timor has had observer status with the Melanesian Spearhead Group since 2010 and East Timor joined the Pacific Islands Development Forum in 2016 . East Timor is also a member of the Group of 77 . East Timor has been a member of the International Labor Organization (ILO) since August 19, 2003.
Bilateral relations
Egypt
Egypt and East Timor established diplomatic relations in April 2006. The consular mission of Egypt takes over its embassy in Jakarta. East Timor's Honorary Consul in Beirut is also responsible for Egypt.
Andorra
East Timor and Andorra established diplomatic relations on September 20, 2011.
Angola
The two former Portuguese colonies Angola and East Timor are members of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP). Angola already had close contacts with the East Timorese government in exile during the Indonesian occupation. Roque Rodrigues was accredited as East Timorese ambassador to Angola as early as 1984 . For cost reasons, the embassy had to be closed when the UN administration began in 1999. The reopening took place in 2012.
Equatorial Guinea
Like East Timor, Equatorial Guinea is a member of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP).
Armenia
East Timor and Armenia established diplomatic relations on December 23, 2003.
Azerbaijan
East Timor and Azerbaijan established diplomatic relations on April 5, 2004.
Australia
There are also close ties to Australia due to its geographical proximity and recent history in which Australia supported and assisted the country on the road to independence. However, Dili rejects the plan to send the extracted natural gas to a refinery in Australia and demands that it be recycled in East Timor. Australia has provided a total of US $ 750 million in aid through 2009. The request of the Australian government to set up a center in East Timor for people applying for asylum in Australia has been rejected by the East Timorese government.
The dispute over the oil and gas reserves in the Timor Sea was initially settled by the CMATS contract . However, the dispute arose because the Australian company Woodside Petroleum, which was commissioned with the exploitation of the Greater Sunrise gas field, wanted to liquefy the natural gas at sea instead of on land, where workers in East Timor would benefit. In 2013 it was also announced that the Australian foreign intelligence service ASIS had installed bugs in the East Timorese cabinet room and wiretapped conversations relating to the negotiations on the border with Australia. The listening devices had been installed by secret service employees who worked as development workers in East Timor. East Timor therefore questioned the validity of the moratorium on the border and went to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague . A few days before the trial began, the Australian domestic intelligence service ASIO raided the premises of lawyer Bernard Collaery , who works for East Timor, and a former ASIS agent who is believed to be a whistleblower in the case. The passport was withdrawn from the latter. He is considered an important witness for the negotiations in The Hague. Documents and data carriers were confiscated. In January 2017, the governments of Australia and East Timor declared that the Treaty on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea (CMATS) should be dissolved. On March 6, 2018, the two states signed a new border treaty that postponed the agreements in favor of East Timor.
Bahrain
Bahrain and East Timor officially established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2019. Bahrain has neither an embassy in East Timor, nor East Timor a diplomatic representation in Bahrain. The previous contact has been limited to meetings at ministerial level.
Bangladesh
The Ambassador of Bangladesh in Jakarta is also accredited for East Timor. East Timor has no representation in Bangladesh.
Belgium
Belgium is represented in Dili by its ambassador in Jakarta . The East Timorese ambassador for Belgium is based in Brussels . In addition to other European countries, the ambassador is also accredited as a permanent representative of East Timor to the European Union .
Belize
East Timor and Belize established diplomatic relations on April 15, 2003.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
East Timor and Bosnia and Herzegovina established diplomatic relations on March 22, 2005.
Brazil
East Timor and Brazil established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2002, East Timor's Independence Day. The two lusophone states are members of the CPLP. Brazil supports East Timor in areas such as education and the development of the judiciary. Brazil has had an ambassador in Dili since 2003 and East Timor since 2009 an ambassador in Brasília .
Brunei
Diplomatic relations between East Timor and Brunei were established in 2002. Brunei is a member of ASEAN.
Bulgaria
Chile
East Timor and Chile established diplomatic relations on September 16, 2002.
China (People's Republic)
The People's Republic of China was the first state with which East Timor officially established diplomatic relations, just two days after declaring independence in 2002. A few hours later, India followed as the second state . Under Prime Minister Alkatiri, cooperation with China in both military and economic areas was strengthened, which has continued even after his resignation. By 2009, the People's Republic had provided aid worth 53 million US dollars, mostly in high-profile projects. For example, China supplied uniforms for the Timorese armed forces, trains farmers, officials, soldiers and police officers, sends medical teams and security forces, invites Timorese students and financed the construction of the presidential palace and the foreign ministry in Dili and the F-FDTL headquarters in Metinaro and Hundreds of houses for war veterans. According to the Chinese Embassy, 2,342 Chinese citizens were living in East Timor in June 2008. The immigration bureau estimates the number at 3000.
Cook Islands
East Timor and the Cook Islands established diplomatic relations on August 17, 2002.
Costa Rica
East Timor and Costa Rica established diplomatic relations on May 14, 2003.
Denmark
East Timor and Denmark have diplomatic relations. Denmark is represented in Dili by its ambassador in Jakarta , and East Timor in Copenhagen by its ambassador in Brussels .
Germany
East Timor and Germany established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2002. Germany is represented in the Southeast Asian country by its ambassador in Jakarta, while the East Timorese ambassador, who is accredited for Germany, is based in Brussels. There is also an honorary consul in Berlin .
Germany is committed to the rural development of East Timor, maritime transport with the financing of ferries between the different parts of the country and crisis prevention and conflict advice. In addition, Germany is one of the largest customers for East Timorese coffee.
Ecuador
East Timor and Ecuador established diplomatic relations on September 8, 2011.
El Salvador
East Timor and El Salvador established diplomatic relations on May 23, 2003.
Eritrea
Estonia
Fiji
Diplomatic relations between East Timor and Fiji were established in 2003. The High Commissioner in Port Moresby , the capital of Papua New Guinea, is also accredited for East Timor. The Ambassador of East Timor in Canberra , Australia is also accredited for Fiji.
Finland
Finland recognized East Timor on the day the Southeast Asian country was granted independence on May 20, 2002. Diplomatic relations were established on June 20. East Timor does not have a diplomatic mission in Finland. The East Timorese ambassador in Brussels is responsible. Finland does not have a diplomatic mission in East Timor. The embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, is responsible .
The Finnish company Wärtsilä has built and operates several power plants in East Timor. The Finnish government supports East Timor primarily with the financing of small projects.
France
East Timor and France have had diplomatic relations since East Timor became independent in 2002. In addition to the French ambassador in Jakarta, there is also a French cooperation office in Dili. East Timor is represented in France through its embassy in Brussels.
East Timor's first Olympic Winter Games athlete Yohan Goutt Goncalves has a French father and was born in France.
Gambia
The Gambia participated in several UN missions in East Timor
Ghana
Ghana participated in the United Nations Assistance Mission in East Timor (UNMISET).
Georgia
East Timor and Georgia established diplomatic relations on December 22, 2011.
Greece
East Timor and Greece established diplomatic relations on April 4, 2003. The Greek embassy in Jakarta is also responsible for East Timor.
Guatemala
Guatemala and East Timor have not established official diplomatic relations with each other, but rather maintain informal communication through their diplomats at the United Nations .
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
In 2011, two East Timorese police officers were dispatched to Guinea-Bissau as UN police officers .
Haiti
Holy See
India
Indonesia
Indonesia is East Timor's largest trading partner. As head of state and now as head of government, Xanana Gusmão has dedicated herself above all to the idea of reconciliation. Only a normalization of relations with the former occupying power Indonesia and a certain line under the past, he is convinced, can lead the bitterly poor and backward country into the future due to the long foreign rule. The participation of the then Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri in the independence celebration in Dili in 2002 testifies to Indonesia's will to finally accept the independence of East Timor. At the beginning of 2005, Gusmão received the newly elected Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for a state visit. The meeting between the two men was exceptionally warm and was seen as a new beginning in bilateral relations. The East Timorese government is sticking to this policy of reconciliation despite criticism from human rights organizations and the Catholic Church. In its final report submitted on June 27, 2005, an independent international Commission of Experts appointed by the UN Secretary General found that the legal processing of the human rights violations committed in East Timor in 1999 in Indonesia is “completely inadequate”. The work of the Joint Truth and Friendship Commission (CTF) is also criticized by the United Nations and human rights organizations, as it also grants amnesty for serious crimes. UN personnel were banned from working with the CTF. In October 2007 the two foreign ministers agreed on closer cooperation. East Timorese diplomats are to be trained in Indonesia.
Iran
Ireland
East Timor and Ireland established diplomatic relations on January 31, 2003.
East Timor is one of the Republic of Ireland's core development aid countries. It supported East Timor between 2003 and 2007 with 20 million euros in development aid. In addition, in 2008 Ireland sent in Nuala O'Loan, Baroness O'Loan, a special envoy to share with the East Timorese government the experience of the peace process in Northern Ireland .
Iceland
East Timor and Iceland established diplomatic relations on December 4, 2003.
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
East Timor and Jamaica established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2014.
Japan
Japan supported East Timor with 210 million US dollars between 1999 and 2007, among other things for the modernization of the ports of Dili and Pante Macassar and the construction of the country's first expressway.
After the Tōhoku earthquake in Japan in 2011, East Timor announced that it would send 100 helpers to Japan to clear the rubble.
Yemen
East Timor is home to a small group of people descended from Yemeni Arabs who immigrated in the 19th century.
Cambodia
Cameroon
East Timor and Cameroon established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2003.
Canada
Cape Verde
Qatar
Kyrgyzstan
Congo (Democratic Republic)
East Timor and the Democratic Republic of the Congo established diplomatic relations on November 7, 2006. Both states are founding members of the g7 + states.
Kosovo
On November 9, 2012, the official recognition of Kosovo by East Timor and the official establishment of diplomatic relations took place.
Croatia
East Timor and Croatia established diplomatic relations on February 5, 2003.
Cuba
Cuba recognized the independence of East Timor when it was proclaimed independence in 1975. In 2002 it was the second state after the People's Republic of China to recognize the Southeast Asian state again. Above all, Cuba supports the training of East Timorese doctors and the development of health care. Some Cubans who provided development aid in East Timor stayed in the country.
Kuwait
Laos
Laos and East Timor established diplomatic relations on July 29, 2002.
Latvia
East Timor and Latvia established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2013.
Lebanon
Together with the Portuguese contingent, 14 officers of the East Timorese Defense Forces were deployed to the UN mission in Lebanon UNIFIL from November 2011 . It was the first time that the Southeast Asian country took part in UN missions.
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
East Timor and Lithuania established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2013.
Luxembourg
East Timor and Luxembourg established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2007.
Malaysia
Maldives
East Timor and Maldives established diplomatic relations on November 26, 2002.
Malta
East Timor and Malta established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2003.
Order of Malta, more sovereign
The sovereign Order of Malta has had an embassy in Dili since 2016.
Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands and East Timor established diplomatic relations on September 25, 2019.
Mauritius
East Timor and Mauritius established diplomatic relations on March 20, 2003.
Mexico
East Timor and Mexico established diplomatic relations on September 26, 2003.
Republic of Moldova
Relations between the Republic of Moldova and East Timor are modest. A Moldovan has been training the East Timorese first division club Karketu Dili since 2018 .
Monaco
As early as 1979, Princess Gracia Patricia von Monaco was committed to helping East Timorese refugees. Prince Albert II visited East Timor after independence. Two maternity clinics in East Timor are named after Princess Gracia and Prince Rainier III. named.
Mongolia
East Timor and Mongolia have diplomatic relations.
Montenegro
East Timor and Montenegro established diplomatic relations on September 24, 2010.
Mozambique
Myanmar
East Timor and Myanmar established diplomatic relations on September 26, 2006.
Namibia
East Timor and Namibia established diplomatic relations on October 1, 2003.
Nepal
East Timor has not yet exchanged diplomats with Nepal .
New Zealand
Nicaragua
East Timor and Nicaragua established diplomatic relations on November 2, 2007.
Nigeria
Diplomatic relations between Nigeria and East Timor have existed since 2004.
Netherlands
The Netherlands was the neighboring colonial power in west Timor . The East Timorese regions of Maubara and Maucatar were temporarily under Dutch rule. Dutch missionaries were active on Atauro . In 1941 Dutch and Australian soldiers occupied Portuguese Timor to forestall a Japanese invasion, but were quickly pushed back into guerrilla warfare by the Japanese.
East Timor and the Netherlands established diplomatic relations in 2003. The Netherlands participated in the UN missions in East Timor until 2012. The East Timorese ambassador in London is responsible for the Netherlands . The Dutch ambassador in Jakarta is accredited for East Timor .
North Korea
According to North Korea , diplomatic relations with East Timor were established on May 11, 2002, nine days before East Timor's independence
North Macedonia
East Timor and North Macedonia established diplomatic relations on March 25, 2003.
Norway
The East Timorese embassy in Brussels is responsible for Norway, and the Norwegian embassy in Jakarta is responsible for East Timor . Norway served as a model for East Timor in setting up the national oil fund.
Austria
Austria and East Timor established diplomatic relations on October 24, 2002. The East Timorese embassy in Brussels is responsible for Austria and the Austrian embassy in Jakarta for East Timor .
Pakistan
Pakistan participated with personnel in almost all UN missions in East Timor.
Palestine
Papua New Guinea
East Timor and Papua New Guinea established diplomatic relations on July 22, 2002. There are cultural connections due to the Melanesian ethnic groups in East Timor.
Philippines
With the second Catholic country in Asia, the Philippines , good relations have developed since East Timor's independence . These extend across the economic, cultural and educational sectors.
Poland
Portugal
There are close ties to the former colonial power Portugal. Portugal provides development aid (1999–2007 US $ 472 million, 2007–2010 EUR 60 million) and is the main donor to the education and justice sector.
Romania
East Timor and Romania established diplomatic relations on December 20, 2002.
Russia
East Timor and Russia established diplomatic relations on December 20, 2002. The Russian ambassador in Jakarta is also accredited for East Timor.
Solomon Islands
East Timor and the Solomon Islands established diplomatic relations on December 21, 2011.
Samoa
East Timor and Samoa established diplomatic relations on July 27, 2004.
San Marino
East Timor and San Marino established diplomatic relations on November 9, 2004.
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
East Timor and Saudi Arabia established diplomatic relations on January 29, 2015.
Sweden
Sweden has selected East Timor as one of the core countries for its development aid. Diplomatic relations were established on May 20, 2002. The Swedish Embassy in Jakarta is responsible for East Timor.
Switzerland
East Timor and Switzerland established diplomatic relations on September 16, 2002.
Serbia
East Timor and Serbia have diplomatic relations. Serbia is represented in East Timor through its embassy in Jakarta.
Sierra Leone
East Timor and Sierra Leone are both founding members of the g7 +.
Singapore
East Timor and Singapore established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2002.
Slovakia
On October 17, 2002, East Timor and Slovakia established diplomatic relations.
Slovenia
East Timor and Slovenia established diplomatic relations on April 3, 2003.
Spain
East Timor and Spain established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2002. The Spanish embassy in Jakarta is responsible for East Timor. The Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) also has a seat in Dili.
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka supported East Timor with UNMISET and UNMIT.
South Africa
South Korea
East Timor and South Korea established diplomatic relations in May 2002.
South Sudan
East Timor and South Sudan established diplomatic relations on October 13, 2011.
Syria
East Timor and Syria have diplomatic relations. In Syria, East Timor's Honorary Consul in Beirut represents the Southeast Asian country. The Syrian Embassy in Jakarta is responsible for consular support in East Timor.
Tajikistan
East Timor and Tajikistan established diplomatic relations on October 4, 2005.
Thailand
Tonga
East Timor and Tonga established diplomatic relations on November 26, 2002.
Trinidad and Tobago
East Timor and Trinidad and Tobago established diplomatic relations on September 25, 2013.
Czech Republic
East Timor and the Czech Republic established diplomatic relations in 2002.
Turkey
East Timor and Turkey established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2002. In 2003 the Turkish ambassador in Jakarta handed over his accreditation for East Timor for the first time. East Timor has honorary consuls in Ankara and Istanbul .
Uganda
Ukraine
In September 2003, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Kostyantyn Hryschtschenko and his East Timorese counterpart, José Ramos-Horta, signed an agreement in New York on the establishment of diplomatic relations.
Hungary
East Timor and Hungary established diplomatic relations in 2003.
Uruguay
Uruguay participated in several UN missions in East Timor.
Vanuatu
East Timor received diplomatic support from Vanuatu during the Indonesian occupation . Vanuatu also sent police officers to the UN missions in East Timor.
Venezuela
Venezuela has an ambassador who is accredited for East Timor in Canberra , Australia .
United Arab Emirates
East Timor and the United Arab Emirates established diplomatic relations on November 13, 2009.
United Kingdom
United States
The United States initially supported Indonesia in its occupation of East Timor. Only after the end of the Cold War did the US change its policy. She supported the various UN missions and the country in state building. Between 1999 and 2007, the US provided development aid to East Timor worth $ 86 million. The USA has an embassy in Dili , as does East Timor in Washington, DC East Timor also has a permanent representative to the United Nations in New York .
Vietnam
There were trade contacts between the regions as early as the time of the Dong Son culture (around 800 BC - 200 AD). Vietnam was one of twelve countries that recognized East Timor's declaration of independence in 1975. Immediately after the end of the Indonesian occupation in 1999 and before East Timor was granted independence in 2002, the two countries established diplomatic relations on October 21, 1999. The East Timorese Embassy in Hanoi opened in April 2012. Vietnam does not have an embassy in Dili. The ambassador in Jakarta, Indonesia, is responsible .
Western Sahara
East Timor and the Democratic Arab Republic of the Sahara (Western Sahara) see similarities in history as an occupied country, which is why East Timor supports the Western Sahara diplomatically. In 2010, the Western Sahara opened an embassy in Dili.
Cyprus (Republic)
East Timor and the Republic of Cyprus established diplomatic relations on June 20, 2002.
See also
Web links
- Homepage of the government of East Timor (English, Portuguese, Tetum)
- Immigration Service of Timor-Leste (English, Portuguese, Korean, tetum)
- Boundary Office (English, Portuguese, tetum)
Individual evidence
- ^ Frédéric B. Durand: Three centuries of violence and struggle in East Timor (1726-2008). (PDF; 243 kB) Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence, (online), June 7, 2011, accessed on May 28, 2012, ISSN 1961-9898
- ↑ José Ramos-Horta: Funu - East Timor's fight for freedom is not over! Ahriman, Freiburg 1997, ISBN 3-89484-556-2 .
- ↑ Resolution 3485 of the UN General Assembly (English)
- ^ Official biography on the President's website. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 26, 2014 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ David Stevens: Strength through diversity: The combined naval role in Operation Stabilize, Working paper No. 20, Sea Power Center - Australia ( Memento of September 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs of East Timor: Kuartel Jerál ONU, Nova Iorke 27 Setembru 2019, September 27, 2019 , accessed on October 1, 2019.
- ↑ Direcção-Geral de Estatística: External Trade Statistics Annual Reports 2016 ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 10, 2018.
- ↑ The Diplomat, June 6, 2011, ASEAN Needs Timor-Leste , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ↑ Country information from the Federal Foreign Office - Timor-Leste - Foreign Policy: Section “Relations with ASEAN” , accessed December 2010.
- ↑ idrpress.com: Timor Leste Hopes Enter ASEAN Next Year. December 9, 2010.
- ^ Independente, May 13, 2011, Gusmao recognizes failure to join ASEAN
- ↑ Introduced with Regulation (EU) No. 509/2014 (PDF) of May 15, 2014, which came into force on June 9 , 2014.
- ↑ eGovmonitor, March 7, 2011, EC Launches Programs Worth € 39 million To Support Timor-Leste On Its Way To Stable Democracy And Sustainable Development ( Memento of March 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 20, 2012.
- ↑ a b c d Loro Horta : "Timor-Leste - The Dragon's Newest Friend", 2009 (PDF; 103 kB), accessed on May 20, 2012.
- ↑ East Timor's Foreign Ministry: European Union and Timor-Leste sign USD 5.5 million Financing Agreement to help rural communities fight the negative effects of climate change , January 24, 2020 , accessed on January 24, 2020.
- ↑ Speech by his excellency the Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão at the opening session of the “g7 +” meeting (PDF; 93 kB), accessed on May 20, 2012.
- ↑ Suara Timor-Lorosa'e on Timor Lorosae Nação: Due its success of overcoming 2006 crises, TL now chairs G7 + for two years. April 12, 2010.
- ↑ United Nations: Sofia Borges , accessed January 21, 2018.
- ^ ACP: Secretariat ACP , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ↑ The Fiji Times: Timor Leste is PIDF newest member , July 19, 2016 ( Memento January 21, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), July 20, 2016.
- ↑ The President's Facebook page: PRESS RELEASE - FRANCISCO MARIA DE VASCONCELOS PARTICIPATES IN UNGA HIGH-LEVEL MEETING AS THE PR'S SPECIAL ENVOY , April 7, 2019 , accessed on April 8, 2019.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt: East Timor , accessed February 12, 2018.
- ^ Andorra Foreign Ministry: Timor-Leste , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Andorra and Timor-Leste as of 20 Sept. 2011 , accessed on 21 January 2018.
- ↑ Nassrine De Rham Azimi, Li Lin Chang: The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET): Debriefing and Lessons: Report of the 2002 Tokyo Conference , Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore., 2003
- ↑ Macau Hub: East Timor to open embassy in Angola , February 27, 2012 , accessed July 25, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library: DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN TIMOR-LESTE AND ... AS OF ... , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ^ A b Reuters: China showers gifts on tiny, resources-rich Timor , September 14, 2009 , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ↑ The Australian: East Timor says it straight: no to asylum center , January 24, 2011 , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ↑ Channel News Asia: Archived from the original on July 5, 2013 ; Retrieved July 4, 2013 .
- ^ Neue Zürcher Zeitung: Australian bugs in Dili , December 7, 2013 , accessed on December 16, 2013.
- ↑ Australian Financial Review: East Timor PM: raid 'unacceptable' , December 4, 2013 , accessed December 16, 2013.
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- ↑ Sydney Morning Herald Australia's unscrupulous pursuit of East Timor's oil needs to stop , January 11, 2017 , accessed January 20, 2017.
- ↑ La'o Hamutuk: Information about Treaties between Australia and Timor-Leste Goodbye CMATS, welcome Maritime Boundaries , accessed March 18, 2018.
- ^ Embassy of Bangladesh in Indonesia: CV of The Ambassador , accessed January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Federal Public Service for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation: Addresses of Belgian Embassies and Consulates abroad , accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ^ Government of East Timor: Inauguration of the new building for the Embassy of Timor-Leste in Brussels , October 20, 2014 , accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ^ A b Government of East Timor: Embaixadas de Timor-Leste , accessed on July 6, 2016.
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnia and Herzegovina Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations , accessed on February 5, 2018.
- ^ A b Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil: República Democrática de Timor-Leste , accessed on March 30, 2016.
- ↑ Borneo Bulletin: Business opportunities aplenty in Timor-Leste , June 10, 2017 , accessed on June 14, 2017.
- ↑ Herald Tribune: China's 'soft power' winning allies in Asia , July 11, 2007 , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Cook Islands: Asia
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark: Embassies of Denmark , accessed January 25, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Ecuador and Timor-Leste as of 8 Sept. 2011 , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ↑ Fijian Government: AMBASSADOR PRESENTS CREDENTIALS TIKOTIKOCA IN TIMOR LESTE , accessed on July 1, 2017th
- ↑ Fiji High Commission Port Moresby, PNG: High Commission ( Memento of 12 January 2018 Internet Archive ), accessed on July 1, 2017th
- ↑ Australian Government: Foreign embassies and consulates in Australia: Timor-Leste ( Memento of 28 February 2015, Internet Archive ), accessed on April 6, 2015.
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland: Timor-Leste ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 15, 2018.
- ↑ a b Finnish Embassy in Indonesia: Development cooperation Timor-Leste (Democratic Republic of East Timor) , accessed on January 15, 2018.
- ↑ Timor-Leste thermal power stations managed and maintained by Finnish group , October 12, 2017 , accessed January 15, 2018.
- ↑ France Diplomacy: Relations bilatérales retrieved on 27 January 2018th
- ^ Sochi Yohan Goutt , accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Timor-Leste and Georgia as of 22 Dec. 2011 , accessed January 21, 2018.
- ^ Embassy of Georgia in Brussels: Georgia and Timor-Leste have established diplomatic relations , December 23, 2018 ( memento of January 29, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece: Timor Leste , accessed January 24, 2018.
- ↑ Foreign Ministry of Guatemala: Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala , accessed on December 17, 2019.
- ↑ Timor Post, March 18, 2011, Two PNTL officers to join UN mission in Guinea Bissau
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Jamaica and Timor-Leste as of 27 Sept. 2014 , accessed on 18 September 2019.
- ↑ ABCnews, March 15, 2011, Outpouring of international support for Japan , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Timor-Leste and Congo as of 7 Nov. 2006 , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ^ Kosovo Thanks You , accessed January 14, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia: Bilateral relations , accessed on January 24, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia: List of international treaties and international acts concluded between the Republic of Croatia and Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (the) , accessed on January 24, 2018.
- ↑ Vientiane Times: Laos, Timor-Leste strengthen relations, cooperation , accessed June 11, 2019.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Timor-Leste and Latvia as of September 27, 2013 , accessed January 21, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia: Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations , May 6, 2016 , accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ^ Government of Timor-Leste: Timor-Leste could become integrated in the Peacekeeping Forces in Lebanon , accessed on May 20, 2012 (English)
- ^ The Daily Star, May 17, 2011, East Timor to send 14 soldiers to join UNIFIL , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Lithuania and Timor-Leste as of September 27, 2013 , accessed January 21, 2018.
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania: List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations , December 12, 2017 , accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Luxembourg and Timor-Leste as of 27 Sept. 2007 , accessed on 21 January 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of East Timor: Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, HE Dr. Dionísio Babo Soares, along with his homologue, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Marshal Islands, signed a joint communique to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries. , accessed on September 30, 2019.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia: Diplomatic Relations , accessed January 24, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Montenegro and Timor-Leste as of 24 Sept. 2010 , accessed on 21 January 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Timor-Leste and Myanmar as of 26 Sept. 2006 , accessed on 21 January 2018.
- ↑ Myanmar Foreign Ministry: List of Countries having Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , September 2016 ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 28, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal: LIST OF DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR CORPS AND OTHER REPRESENTATIVES , May 2017 , accessed January 25, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Timor-Leste and Nicaragua as of Nov. 2, 2007 , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ↑ a b President of East Timors : PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC RECEIVES CREDENTIAL LETTERS FROM FOUR NEW AMBASSADORS , February 22, 2018 , accessed on February 25, 2018.
- ↑ a b Government of the Netherlands: Relations between the Netherlands and Timor-Leste ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 13, 2017.
- ↑ Diplomat magazine: Timor-Leste, facing the great challenges , March 1, 2015 , accessed on July 12, 2016.
- ^ National Committee on North Korea: DPRK Diplomatic Relations , August 2016 , accessed January 28, 2018.
- ^ Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs
- ↑ RNZ: PNG and East Timor establish full diplomatic relations , July 22, 2002 , accessed February 1, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania: Diplomatic Relations of Romania , accessed January 24, 2018.
- ↑ East Timor's Ministry of Foreign Affairs: В связи с провозглашением независимости Восточного Тимора , May 20, 2002 , accessed on January 18, 2018.
- ↑ Foreign Ministry of East Timor: Заявление официального представителя МИД России А.В.Яковенко в связи установлением дипломатических отношений между Российской Федерацией и Демократической Республикой Восточный Тимор , June 26, 2002 , accessed on 18 January 2018th
- ^ Foreign Ministry of Russia: the Democratic Republic of East Timor , accessed January 18, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste as of 21 Dec. 2011 , accessed January 21, 2018.
- ↑ Samoa Foreign Ministry: Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa , accessed January 28, 2018.
- ^ State Secretariat for Foreign Affairs of San Marino: Trattati Internazionali - Accordi Bilaterali con altri Stati , accessed on January 24, 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations between Timor-Leste and Saudi Arabia as of Jan. 29, 2015 , accessed on January 21, 2018.
- ^ Embassy of Sweden in Jakarta: The Embassy , accessed January 28, 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia: East Timor , accessed January 24, 2018.
- ↑ MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Republic of Singapore: DIPLOMATIC & CONSULAR LIST , p. 214, November 2, 2019.
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs Slovakia: EKONOMICKÁ Informácia O TERITÓRIU Východný Timor , accessed on November 7 of 2019.
- ↑ Information sheet of the Honorary Consul East Timor in Lebanon, February 2018.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Timor-Leste and Tajikistan as of 4 Oct. 2005 , accessed January 21, 2018.
- ↑ Trinidad Express Newspapers: Timor-Leste, T&T establish diplomatic relations , September 26, 2013 ( Memento of the original from December 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 22, 2018.
- ^ Report on the Foreign Policy of the Czech Republic: between January 2007 and December 2007 . limited preview in Google Book search
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey: Relations between Turkey and East Timor ( Memento September 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 24, 2018.
- ↑ Foreign Ministry of Ukraine: Communiques signed in New York on establishing diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Bahamas, Timor-Leste , September 29, 2003 , accessed December 11, 2017.
- ^ Hungarian Embassy in Jakarta: Timor-Leste , accessed on November 3, 2019.
- ↑ United Nations Digital Library: Diplomatic Relations Between Timor-Leste and United Arab Emirates as of 13 Nov. 2009 , accessed on 21 January 2018.
- ^ Government of Vietnam: Democratic Republic of East Timor , accessed January 28, 2018.
- ↑ Breakthrough in Vietnam - Timor-Leste relations , September 8, 2013 , accessed July 21, 2016.
- ↑ Vietnam.net: Timor Leste wants to learn from Vietnam's development experience , September 28, 2016 , accessed October 3, 2016.
- ↑ United Nations, General Assembly, GA / SPD / 482, October 10, 2011, Committee Wraps Up General Debate on Decolonization Issues, Speakers Focus on Question of Western Sahara, Special Committee on Decolonization , accessed May 20, 2012.
- ↑ Office of the Law Commisioner Cyprus: Timor-Leste , September 26, 2013 , accessed January 22, 2018.
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