Linz on the Rhine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Linz on the Rhine
Linz on the Rhine
Map of Germany, position of the city of Linz on the Rhine highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 34 '  N , 7 ° 17'  E

Basic data
State : Rhineland-Palatinate
County : Neuwied
Association municipality : Linz on the Rhine
Height : 70 m above sea level NHN
Area : 17.98 km 2
Residents: 6204 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 345 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 53545
Area code : 02644
License plate : NO
Community key : 07 1 38 041
LOCODE : DE LRN
City structure: 3 districts
Association administration address: Am Schoppbüchel 5
53545 Linz am Rhein
Website : www.linz.de
City Mayor : Hans Georg Faust ( CDU )
Location of the city of Linz on the Rhine in the Neuwied district
Neuwied Buchholz (Westerwald) Asbach (Westerwald) Windhagen Neustadt (Wied) Rheinbreitbach Unkel Bruchhausen (Landkreis Neuwied) Erpel Vettelschoß Linz am Rhein Kasbach-Ohlenberg Ockenfels Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied) Dattenberg Leubsdorf (am Rhein) Bad Hönningen Rheinbrohl Hammerstein (am Rhein) Leutesdorf Isenburg (Westerwald) Kleinmaischeid Großmaischeid Stebach Marienhausen Dierdorf Oberdreis Woldert Rodenbach bei Puderbach Ratzert Niederwambach Steimel Döttesfeld Puderbach Dürrholz Hanroth Raubach Harschbach Niederhofen Dernbach (Landkreis Neuwied) Urbach (Westerwald) Linkenbach Breitscheid (Westerwald) Waldbreitbach Roßbach (Wied) Hausen (Wied) Datzeroth Niederbreitbach Hümmerich Oberhonnefeld-Gierend Oberraden Straßenhaus Kurtscheid Bonefeld Ehlscheid Rengsdorf Melsbach Hardert Anhausen Rüscheid Thalhausen Meinborn Nordrhein-Westfalen Landkreis Altenkirchen (Westerwald) Landkreis Ahrweiler Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz Koblenz Marienhausen Westerwaldkreismap
About this picture
Linz Castle
Linz am Rhein from the north-west

Linz am Rhein is a town in the Neuwied district in the north of Rhineland-Palatinate near the border with North Rhine-Westphalia , around 25 kilometers south of Bonn city ​​center . It belongs to the association of the same name and is its administrative seat. According to state planning, Linz is designated as a medium-sized center.

Because of its many colorful and artistically designed old town houses , Linz also calls itself The Colorful City on the Rhine .

geography

location

Linz is located on the right bank of the northern Middle Rhine opposite the mouth of the Ahr , about halfway between Cologne and Koblenz at Rhine kilometer 629. The 174  m above sea level rises to the southeast . NHN high Kaiserberg . Within the contiguous development, the city includes altitudes between 55  m above sea level. NHN and 160  m above sea level NHN . To the south there is a smooth transition along the federal highway 42 to the Wallen district of the Dattenberg community . In terms of natural space, the extreme west of the urban area on the banks of the Rhine can be assigned to the Linz-Hönninger valley widening , a much larger and middle section including the historic old town can be assigned to the Linzer Terraces and the entire north and east to the Rheinwesterwald volcanic ridge, a mountain range also known in parts as the Linzer Höhe on the edge of the Niederwesterwald .

The city also reaches the Westerwald on the "Linzer Höhe" with the district Kretzhaus (smaller part of the municipality of Vettelschoss ) . Other parts of the city are, in addition to the city center in the Rhine Valley, Roniger Hof and the Stuxhof bordering Erl ( Kasbach-Ohlenberg municipality ). Linzhausen, which was incorporated in 1912 at the northern entrance to the town, is no longer perceived as a district today. Residential places in the city of Linz am Rhein are Berkenhof , Burg Ockenfels , Dickert , Gut Frühscheid , Peterhof , Raceberg Castle , Schmitzhöfe , Stuxhof and Wiesentaler Hof . Alt Rennenberg I has been an uninhabited residential area since the late 1970s at the latest.

The highest point in the urban area is 429  m above sea level. NHN the Meerberg (also Düstemich ), a former 448  m above sea level. NN high mountain that was removed from a basalt quarry. Further, meanwhile closed basalt quarries were located about 405  m above sea level today . NHN high Minderberg as well as at the 407  m above sea level. NHN measuring Hummelsberg , which is only three kilometers northeast of the city center and with its previous height of at least 441  m above sea level. NN was once clearly visible in the cityscape. The side valleys of the heavily structured urban area are formed by the Sternerbach , the Rennenberger Bach , the Losbach and the Alwiesbach , among others .

Neighboring communities

The city of Linz am Rhein borders (clockwise) on the local communities Erpel , Vettelschoss , Sankt Katharinen (district Neuwied) , Dattenberg , across the Rhine to the city of Sinzig and the city of Remagen in the district of Ahrweiler and the local communities Ockenfels and Kasbach-Ohlenberg .

climate

The annual precipitation is 701 mm. The precipitation is in the middle third of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​are registered at 40% of the measuring stations of the German Weather Service . The driest month is February, with the most rainfall in July. In July there is twice as much precipitation as in February. The rainfall varies moderately. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at 62% of the measuring stations .

history

Early history

A ring wall system investigated in 1936 on the Hummelsberg near Linz , which, according to Gensicke , was likely to have arisen during disputes between Celts and Teutons, served (as can be deduced from the shapes of vessels and decorations) not only as a refuge, but also as a place to live, so that the ring wall opens the Hummelsberg in the period from 600 to 400 BC BC as a fortified hilltop settlement testifies to a settlement in the Linz area already at this time.

Grave finds in the urban area date from the early Franconian period. Through Pippin the Elder and Middle , the Nivelles monastery received not only goods in Rheinbrohl and Ariendorf but also vineyards in Wallen near Linz. In the 8th century Linz was then the center of a small Untergau, the Linzgau, which is mentioned in 771 and 778.

middle Ages

The place Linz is named as Lincesce or Lincheste in the year 874, in a founding document of the abbess of the monastery Gerresheim Reginbierg , daughter of the Franconian nobleman Gerricus , its first documented mention. In the time probably been a church was built because Reginbierg after the deed tithe had and after Carolingian law only a landowner received the tithe if he had built in his diocese a church.

Between 1206 and 1214 the parish church of St. Martin was built at what was then the highest point in the village. A previous church in the same place was destroyed in the fighting between Otto IV and Philipp von Schwaben in 1198. When building underfloor heating as part of the restoration work, graves and foundations from the previous church were found in 1981.

The most important political decision for the cityscape was made in the late Middle Ages - namely the city ​​elevation during the reign of Cologne Archbishop Heinrich II. Von Virneburg between 1304 and 1332. All residents of the parish of Linz belonged to the citizens of the now city of Linz. The parish members living outside the city wall built at that time were called "citizens by heart". The Linz parish included the villages of Linzerhausen, Ockenfels , Kasbach (left of the brook), Ohlenberg , Leubsdorf , Ariendorf (right of the brook) and the villages of Notscheid and Hargarten, which were later combined under the name Linzer Höhe . In 1365, shortly after receiving city rights, Linz Castle was built . In 1391 Linz burned down to a third. In the 14th century the city became the headquarters of the Electoral Cologne Office of Altenwied , and in the 15th century of the newly formed Office of Linz . In 1475 Linz was besieged by imperial troops in the Neuss War . The town hall was built around 1517.

The oldest documented message about the leasing of the ferry rights between Linz and Kripp - dated May 2, 1443 - is in the Linz city archive, because the ferry rights had been in Linz's possession from time immemorial. The city of Linz is still one of the managing directors of the Rhine ferry Linz – Kripp today . In the document, the leaseholder of the ferry rights, Jakob Schade, as well as his wife Katharina and their descendants confirmed the hereditary interest of 20 marks, which they had to pay to the city of Linz because of the Var zu Lynss , secured by a third of their property.

Modern times

The Office of Linz, which was raised to the Oberamt around 1700, fell in 1803 with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss to the Prince of Nassau-Usingen and was opened in 1806 in connection with the formation of the Rhine Confederation in the Duchy of Nassau . The city then became the headquarters of the Nassau Office of Linz . In 1815, following the treaties concluded at the Congress of Vienna , Linz became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and in 1816 the headquarters of the newly formed mayor of Linz . In the same year, with the introduction of the Prussian administration, the Linz district was formed, but its administrative headquarters were in Erpel . It was dissolved again in 1822; Linz now belonged to the Neuwied district in the new Prussian Rhine province . In 1857 Linz was elevated to the status of a city ​​according to the Rhenish City Code . In 1885 the city of Linz am Rhein included the residential areas (names partially adapted to current spelling) Alt Rennenberg, Eichshard (Eichhard), Ginsterhahn , Jägerhaus, Kaiserberg, Klemenslust, Linzer Hammer, Meerberg , Neuhof, Neu Rennenberg, Rennenberg Castle, Ronigerhof, Sheepfold, Schmitzhof, Stern, Sternerhütte, Stuxhof and Waschberg (Hillenbrandsruhe).

Original steel engraving after Tombleson, around 1840

The greatest change in the cityscape took place in the 19th century. Due to financial bottlenecks in the city, some buildings could not be held. This was particularly evident in the demolition of the council chapel, inaugurated in 1462, on the market square in 1818. The citizens felt that the city fortifications were outdated. The city wall on the Rhine side was torn down in 1861/1862, the Grabentor in 1863, the Leetor in 1879. The arrival of Protestant families made it necessary to build a Protestant church. Between 1863 and 1865 the Protestant church was built on the site of the former moat gate, partly from the building materials of the demolished moat gate.

In 1858 the first steamships docked in Linz . 1870 it was connected to the railway network of the route Cologne - Troisdorf - Neuwied - Niederlahnstein , the station was built. The line was initially single-track , from 1883 the line in Linz was raised on viaducts due to the flood and also double-tracked. On October 1, 1912, the Linz – Neustadt – Flammersfeld – Altenkirchen line went into operation. Because bridges in the Wiedtal were blown by the German Wehrmacht , train traffic was initially only possible as far as Wiedmühle, and later to Mettelshahn, from March 1945. After the Second World War , the remaining route also lost its importance with increasing motorization. In 1960 the last passenger train went to Neustadt (Wied) . Today only the 8 km long section from Linz to Kalenborn still exists, which is used by the Kasbach Valley Railway from May to October on weekends and public holidays .

As early as 1912, the previously independent municipality of Linzhausen at the northern entrance to the city (formerly also Linzerhausen or Hausen ), with an area of ​​0.33 km², was the smallest municipality in the district. After the Versailles Treaty came into force in 1920, Linz was initially part of the unoccupied area in the Rhineland . The border to the 10-year occupation zone ran south of Linz near Ariendorf over the Linzer Höhe. As a result of the war in the Ruhr , Linz was occupied by French troops from February 1923 as part of the so-called "burglary area" in the southern Siegkreis and northern Neuwied district. After the London Conference , on November 17, 1924, the occupation evacuated the burglar area. After the Second World War, Linz became part of the newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946 . In 1967 the newly built Catholic St. Mary's Church was inaugurated.

In the 1970s, the Roniger Hof district was built three kilometers above the city: the first houses were completed in 1976, and in 1979 the new hospital in the new district above Linz went into operation.

On May 28, 1984, a Dutch Air Force fighter plane crashed into an apartment building not far from Linz Hospital. The pilot (Pieter "Gipsy" Enzerink) and a local resident were killed. Numerous people were injured.

and display information about the image
City view from the opposite side of the Rhine in Kripp (2005)

politics

City council

View of the town hall from the market square
Burgplatz

The city ​​council in Linz am Rhein consists of 22 council members, who were elected in the local elections on May 26, 2019 in a personalized proportional representation, and the honorary city ​​mayor as chairman.

The distribution of seats in the city council:

choice SPD CDU Green left FWG FDP total
2019 5 8th 3 1 4th 1 22 seats
2014 6th 10 2 1 3 - 22 seats
2009 5 12 1 1 3 - 22 seats
2004 6th 13 1 - 2 - 22 seats
1999 7th 13 - - 2 - 22 seats
1994 6th 11 1 - 4th - 22 seats
1989 6th 7th - - 8th - 21 seats
1984 3 8th - - 10 - 21 seats
1979 11 10 - - - - 21 seats
  • FWG = Free Voting Group Linz am Rhein e. V.

mayor

In 2014, Hans-Georg Faust became mayor of Linz am Rhein. In the direct election on May 26, 2019, he was confirmed in his office for another five years with a share of the vote of 75.24%.

The ministers in the community since 1812:

  • 1812–1813: Engelbert Schwamborn
  • 1817–1820: Friedrich Adolph von Cocy
  • 1820–1842: Franz Kerp
  • 1842–1848: Franz Stephan Christmann
  • 1848–1851: Rudolf Jakob von Gerolt zur Leyen
  • 1851–1856: Hubert Hubaleck
  • 1856: Johann Schmitz
  • 1856–1871: Willibrord Thiesen
  • 1871–1910: Julius Lerner
  • 1910–1914: Hugo Menzel
  • 1914–1932: Paul Pieper
  • 1933: Eugen Mehliß
  • 1933: Rahms (first name unknown)
  • 1933–1938: Franz Weyand, initially NSDAP ¹
  • 1939–1944: Paul Wiezorke
  • 1944–1945: Matthias Wagner
  • 1945: Franz-Josef Wuermeling , CDU
  • 1945–1947: Wilhelm Hoffmann
  • 1947–1948: Peter Frings CDU
  • 1948–1956: Wilhelm Hoffmann
  • 1956–1972: Leo Thönnern, SPD
  • 1972–1974: Theo Lück , SPD
  • 1974–1979: Hans Breitenbach, CDU
  • 1979–1989: Theo Lück, first SPD, from 1984 FWG
  • 1989–2014: Adi Buchwald, CDU
  • since 2014: Hans-Georg Faust

¹ later excluded from the party and impeachment by the NSDAP, probably because of religiously motivated resistance

Town twinning

Linz has maintained a partnership with the Upper Austrian capital Linz on the Danube since 1920 (officially since 1987) . After the Second World War, Marietta followed in Georgia , USA in 1965 , and Pornic in France in 1987 . A friendship agreement was signed with the Linz district of the Schönfeld community in Saxony .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Linz on the Rhine
 Blazon : "Under a silver shield head, inside a continuous black bar cross, in red a golden key with a beard turned to the right in the form of a rectangle made of several angled bars and four-pass ridge."

The city of Linz has a renaissance shield as a special feature .

Justification of the coat of arms: The black cross indicates that Linz belongs to the Archbishopric of Cologne . The key is the attribute of St. Peter , the patron saint of the Cologne church. The cross and key appear in the oldest city seal from 1340. The city coat of arms has been legally valid since 1857 with royal Prussian approval.

Attractions

Rheintor Linz am Rhein.jpg
Rheintor (field side)
Linz TorNeu.jpg
Neutor (field side)


Ockenfels Castle above the village
Raceberg Castle

Because of the many colorful buildings, the city is often referred to as the "Colorful City on the Rhine".

  • Historic old town: a lot of half-timbered houses , exposed again since 1912
  • Town hall from 1517–1527, building in place of a previous building
  • Parish church of St. Martin : construction began in 1206, inauguration in 1214, Romanesque and Gothic structures are irregular but harmoniously combined, wall paintings from the 13th and 16th centuries, including a pilgrim coronation of Jacob from around 1230, next to a Romanesque sandstone relief in Freiburg is one of the oldest and most important in the German-speaking area (source: Klaus Herbers , the Jacobean cult in southern Germany)
  • St. Marien: built in 1967, Catholic church with an important Cologne winged altar (1463)
  • former Capuchin monastery church : built 1636–1645, since 1971 town hall
  • Linz Castle of the Elector of Cologne : built in 1365, with a torture chamber from the age of knights (currently not open to the public)
  • Rheintor and Neutor : two historic city gates from 1329 - formerly part of the fortification walls, which have now been almost completely removed . “Linzer Klapperjunge”: a bronze sculpture placed in front of the Neutor in 1987. Every year around 200 children and young people take advantage of the pre-Easter ratcheting tradition. The markings of the floods are marked at the Rhine Gate .
  • Linz Powder Tower : this tower has also been preserved
  • Transmission system of the SWR : transmitter for FM and TV with high 156 meters guyed lattice steel tower and a small freestanding steel tower
  • Ockenfels Castle : destroyed at the end of the 15th century and rebuilt in the 1920s; is located above Linz
  • Raceberg Castle : 1846, in the forest near the Sterner Hütte, in a beautiful park, restored in private ownership after 1992
  • Raceberg Castle : above Raceberg Castle, ruins (early 13th century)
  • Jewish cemetery monument zone
  • Strünzerbrunnen in the old town, dedicated to the Linzer Strünzer . Originally the nickname of a local innkeeper, it has become a Rhineland synonym for a warm person who, however, exaggerates a bit when "chatting" and drinking.
  • City Archives: in the former chapel of the Franciscan Sisters' Hospital (19th century)

See also: List of cultural monuments in Linz on the Rhine

Regular events

Economy and Infrastructure

The most important industry in Linz is tourism . Basalt mining used to play a major role in Linz .

traffic

View of Linz and the Rhine Valley with the Cologne – Koblenz railway on the right bank of the Rhine

Road traffic

Linz is located directly on the federal highway 42 and a few kilometers west of the federal highway 3 with the junction Bad Honnef / Linz . The car ferry Linz – Kripp offers connection to the federal highways B 9 and B 266 on the left bank of the Rhine as well as the federal motorway 61 and connects Linz with Remagen- Kripp , the Ahr valley and the Eifel . In the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan was included by 2015 a bridge over the Rhine as the compound of B 42 and B 9 (as an extension of the A 573 ), who had this task in the future may fall. The Rhine crossing between Linz and Remagen was a program item in the state election program of the FDP Rhineland-Palatinate in 2016. However, the bridge was not even dealt with as a topic by the FDP in the coalition negotiations between the Greens and the SPD, although it had massively advertised in the region . A citizens' initiative to cross the Rhine had also collected 1,100 signatures within 3 months and handed them over to Interior Minister Roger Lewentz. At the state level, however, no further efforts were made to have the bridge between Linz and Remagen included in the federal transport infrastructure plan for 2030. The initiative to cross the Rhine therefore failed due to the resistance and will of political decision-makers in the region and at the state level. A key point, however, was the argument that the city of Linz and the city of Remagen are shareholders in the ferry company Linz-Kripp and that the ferrymen could lose their jobs. Politicians did not even listen to ideas about the location and operation of the bridge by a municipal cooperative, as well as the involvement of the ferrymen in this concept. To this day, there have been no official statements from the mayors of the association regarding a Rhine crossing between Linz and Remagen.

Rail transport

Linz train station is on the Cologne – Koblenz railway line on the right bank of the Rhine . It is approached every half hour and connects the city directly with Cologne / Bonn Airport every hour . Linz is part of the Rhein-Mosel transport association. The private Kasbachtalbahn, which has been running from Linz to Kalenborn since 1999, is only in operation in the tourist season.

Hiking trails

The Rheinsteig , the long - distance hiking trail on the right bank of the Rhine from Bonn to Wiesbaden , leads on the stage from Unkel to Leubsdorf (16.7 km, 500 meters in altitude) past Ockenfels Castle and in the city center across the historic market square.

Established businesses

education

Healthcare

  • Franziskus Hospital Linz

Police and judiciary

There is a notary's office in Linz , a police station and the Linz am Rhein district court . There was also a prison in Linz until 1970. In this Else Peerenboom-Missong was taken into protective custody in August 1944 as part of the “ Aktion Gewitter ” . In 1962, Spiegel editor Conrad Ahlers was imprisoned together with his wife in Linz. The building now serves as a residential building and is a listed building.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Memorial plaque for the beheaded mayor Augustin Castenholz

Personalities who have worked in the city

Anecdotes

1474 : How the bee sting was invented. ( see baker boy legend )

literature

  • L. van Laak: From the development of the city of Linz / Rhine in the time of the Electorate of Cologne. Rhein- und Wied-Druckerei GmbH, Neuwied-Linz 1922.
  • Hans Peter Petri: 1100 years of Linz on the Rhine. Linz 1974.
  • Anita and Anton Rings: Linz - A cityscape in transition. Linz 1984.
  • Anita and Anton Rings: The former Jewish community in Linz on the Rhine. Linz 1992.
  • Adam C. Oellers: Linz on the Rhine. Rhine. Kunststätten Heft 71, Neuss 1994, ISBN 978-3-88094-718-4 .
  • Anita and Anton Rings: Houses and People in Linz. Linz 2002.
  • Herrmann Burghard, Cordula Kapser: Linz on the Rhine. The history of the city from the early days to the present. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2002 ISBN 3-412-06602-8 .
  • Adalbert N. Schmitz : Dat och noch - Linzer Mundart, Dictionary Linzer Mundart-German a. m.
  • Denise Steger: 800 years of the Catholic parish church of St. Martin in the mirror of art. Linz 2006.
  • Alms-Hammerstein, Christiane and von der Dollen, Ingrid: People in their time - Former students of the Linz grammar school. Linz 2006.

Web links

Commons : Linz am Rhein  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Lintz in the Topographia Colonia et al. (Matthäus Merian)  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Official directory of the municipalities and parts of the municipality. Status: January 2019 [ Version 2020 is available. ] . S. 50 (PDF; 3 MB).
  3. ↑ Werner Büllesbach: Altenwied - Mayor offices (offices) Asbach and Neustadt - Verbandsgemeinde Asbach. Over 800 years of political history in the Vorderen Westerwald. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreis Neuwied 2007 , pp. 87–95.
  4. ^ Hermann Josef Fuchs: The Rhine ferry has been a bridge between the Westerwald and the Eifel for 550 years. The Linz-Remagen ferry company has existed for 75 years. In: Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Ahrweiler 1995. P. 68 , accessed on June 26, 2020 .
  5. ^ Government district Koblenz (Ed.): Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Koblenz. Born in 1957 , printing and dealership of the Protestant monastery in St. Martin, Koblenz 1857, p. 289
  6. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia (PDF), Volume XII Provinz Rheinland, Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureaus (Ed.), 1888, pp. 38/39.
  7. ^ Dieter Lück: Occupation of the Rhineland . In: North Rhine-Westphalia. Landesgeschichte im Lexikon , 1st edition, Patmos, Düsseldorf 1993, pp. 341–343.
  8. ↑ De Dagboeken 1984. In: 306 Squadron. Retrieved October 15, 2018 (Dutch).
  9. ^ Chronicle of the Bad Hönningen fire brigade. (PDF) Archived from the original on October 23, 2007 ; accessed on June 26, 2020 .
  10. ↑ election results. Retrieved May 29, 2019 .
  11. ↑ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: direct elections 2019. Accessed on February 20, 2020 (see Linz am Rhein, Verbandsgemeinde, third line of results).
  12. ↑ Start - www.linz-burg.de. Retrieved August 13, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Connect the shore! For a Rhine crossing in the lower Middle Rhine Valley! openPetition gGmbH, accessed on June 26, 2020 .