List of geotopes in Lower Bavaria

The list of geotopes in Niederbayern is a summary of the geotopes in the administrative district of Niederbayern .

The list automatically integrates the following lists of geotopes in Lower Bavarian districts and cities from the article namespace:

This list is incomplete. Some geotopes are unsuitable for publication.

Surname	image	Geotope ID	Municipality / location	Geological unit of space	description	Area m² / extension m	geology	Digestion type	value	Protection status	comment
Growing stone E by Schönbrunn	more pictures	261R001	Landshut position	Paar-Isar region	On a marl horizon within the northern full gravel, water emerges here. A short but beautiful so-called stone channel has formed at this small layer spring, ie the water flows in a channel made of tuff limestone. Both inorganic and organic processes play a role in the precipitation of the lime dissolved in the water. Spring mosses and various algae and microorganisms are involved in the construction of the channel.	2 7 × 0	Type: Stone gutter, layer source Type: Tufa-lime	no information	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area
Nagelfluhwand on Teufelssteg near Landshut		261R002	Landshut position	Paar-Isar region	At the Isarleite in Landshut, the northern full gravel is due (Upper freshwater molasse). These are deposits from Miocene river systems. The calcareous gravel is cemented to Nagelfluh walls by limestone precipitation near the edge of the valley. Thanks to their greater stability than steep steps on the slope, they smell out.	150 30 × 5	Type: Rock wall / slope Type: Conglomerate	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Biosphere reserve
Schweinbachtal W from Schweinbach	more pictures	261R003	Landshut position	Isar-Inn hill country	The Schweinbachtal is a typical asymmetrical valley with the type of terrain that often occurs in the tertiary hill country, especially at north-south facing valley cuts. Due to the periglacial overburden, the valley cross-section is clearly asymmetrical with flat slopes exposed to the northeast and steep valley flanks sloping to the southwest. In the lower section of the valley, the original morphology has been changed due to anthropogenic influences (development, water and path construction).	200000 1000 × 200	Type: Asymmetrical Valley Type: Gravel	no information	significant	Landscape protection area
Salzdorfer Tal NE of Kumhausen		261R004	Landshut position	Isar-Inn hill country	Asymmetrical valley with bed springs along the bentonite horizon at 470 m above sea level. The relocation of the stream in the 19th century caused a significant change in the shape of the valley in a short time.	100000 1000 × 100	Type: Asymmetrical Valley, Layer Source Type: Gravel	no information	significant	no protected area
Southern Isar valley slope (Carossahöhe) in Landshut		261R005	Landshut position	Paar-Isar region	On the southern slope of the Isar, in the urban area of Landshut, there are no remains of cold-age terraces. The slope is largely laid out in the northern gravel of the Upper Freshwater Molasse. The gravel is partially baked into conglomerate and favor the formation of steep slopes (261R003). Layer sources emerge from marl layers. Side valleys cut the slope as notch valleys (e.g. Bernlocher Schluchtweg), outcrops z. B. on the eastern edge of the city (Äuß. Münchner Str. 99).	500000 5000 × 100	Type: Prallhang, Layerquelle, Härtling Type: Conglomerate	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Leptynite outcrop at Alten Rieser Strasse (Hacklberg)		262A002	Passau position	Passau Forest	The street outcrop in the Hacklberg district, City of Passau, near the confluence of Alte Rieser Strasse and Neue Rieser Strasse. It opens up the largest known and accessible leptynite deposit (orthogneiss) in the region (20 m thick!). The leptynite is a medium-grain gneiss with a pronounced streaky parallel texture. Garnet nests often appear. The rock is interpreted as meta-rhyolite. The outcrop is a sample location for age determination.	10 10 × 1	Type: rock type, standard / reference profile type: meta-rhyolite	embankment	especially valuable	no protected area
Halser Ilzschleife NE by Hofbauer	more pictures	262R001	Passau position	Passau Forest	In the area of Hals (district of Passau) the Ilz has dug into the ground with a large double meander, the loops of which have almost broken through. The double meander lies in the area of a fault zone (secondary pile, running parallel to the pile), on which heavily deformed gneiss (mylonite, pearl gneiss) are present. The rock on the slope W of the castle is open. Part of the Ilz water is diverted at the Ilzstau before the second loop.	800000 1000 × 800	Type: Meander, stream / river course, impact slope Type: Mylonite, gneiss	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Outcrop on the castle hill in Winzer		271A001	Winemaker position	Dungau	In the area of the Danube rim fracture there is vintner gneiss, a light gray-green, granular rock with larger feldspar fragments and a blastocataclastic structure. The formerly highly metamorphic pearl gneisses were tectonically sheared and partially recrystallized. The outcrop on Burgberg Winzer is considered a type locality for diaphtoretic rocks in the area. So far, only the plateau has been protected as a natural monument.	10000 100 × 100	Type: Type locality Type: Gneiss	embankment	precious	Natural monument
Former quarry S of Deggenau (Martinswand)		271A003	Deggendorf position	Dungau	The pearly gneiss has been heavily metaplastically changed in individual layers, the structure loses its linear structure and becomes nebulitic to granitoid. You can see some discordant granite dikes with an aplitic border as well as relictic biotite gneiss clods and calcium silicates in pearl gneiss. The old quarry wall serves as a climbing garden (= Martinswand), the quarry floor is z. T. used as a storage place.	1500 150 × 10	Type: Rock Type: Gneiss, Granite	Quarry	significant	Natural park
Gneiss exposure half mile		271A005	Deggendorf position	Dungau	Pending is pearl gneiss with z. Partly incomplete reconstruction of older migmatic layer gneisses that are partially integrated as smaller clods in the pearl gneiss structure. The formation of pearl gneiss is mainly due to tectonic changes in metamorphic parent rock. The outcrop has overgrown so much that some sections are no longer accessible.	500 100 × 5	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: Gneiss	embankment	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former quarry E of Flintsbach		271A006	Winemaker position	Passau Forest	From the formerly exposed profile, only the Kieselnierkalk of the Ortenburg layers (Malm beta) and sponge limestone (Malm alpha) is exposed. Protective rock layers and sandstone slabs (Turon?) Can be found in karst funnels. Formerly coastal sandstones of the Malm Alpha and oolite limestone of the Callov were exposed. The altitude on the western edge of the basement is an argument for the Danube rim break as a relay break.	8400 140 × 60	Type: standard / reference profile, karst chimney, karst crevice Type: limestone	Quarry	especially valuable	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former Laschinger NE quarry from Padling		271A007	Hunding position	Front Bavarian Forest	There are diorite clods sitting in the pearl gneiss, which represent the remainder of a larger vein-shaped diorite body. The information provides information on the intrusion mechanism and the relative age of intrusion and metamorphosis. The surrounding pearl gneiss is clearly textured and contains relics of calcium silicate and layer gneisses.	1750 50 × 35	Type: contact, rock type, metamorphic structure Type: diorite, gneiss	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former granite quarries NE of Frauenmühle	more pictures	271A013	Metten position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the quarries, the medium-grain Metten facies of the Metten granite massif are exposed. The northern quarry still shows relatively good exposure conditions (partly climbing garden). Various corridors are visible in the walls. The southern fraction (Stbr. Schleifmühle), on the other hand, is already overgrown. A wet biotope is created on the bottom.	25000 250 × 100	Type: Rock Type: Granite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former granite quarry N of Laufmühle		271A014	Metten position	Front Bavarian Forest	The rock, which is largely weathered on the surface, is a coarse-grained, muscovite-bearing central granite of the Metten granite massif. A silting pond lies on the bottom of the quarry. The walls of the quarry are no longer accessible.	800 40 × 20	Type: Rock Type: Granite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Maxfelsen WSW from Hackermühle	more pictures	271A015	Deggendorf position	Front Bavarian Forest	The rock face made of pearl gneiss is approx. 15 meters high and shows steep layers. Individual blocks of biotite-rich gneiss are integrated into the layer structure. A plaque commemorating the presence of Max II on July 11, 1849 is attached to the rock.	32 8 × 4	Type: Type of rock, rock wall / slope Type: Gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Road outcrops Ruselstraße SW from Oberglasschleife		271A016	Deggendorf position	Front Bavarian Forest	In this area the transition from pearl gneiss to homogeneous migmatite (paragranodiorite) can be found, which was formed by anatexis from pearl gneiss. Some of the feldspars are still pearly and the relics of calcium silicate rocks, gneisses and amphibolites have also been adopted. The outcrops have grown very strongly in the meantime.	1200 300 × 4	Type: Rock Type: Gneiss, Diorite	embankment	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Gneiss exposure on the B533 N from Gneisting		271A018	Hunding position	Front Bavarian Forest	Gneiss has been cut into the embankment of the B533 near the road bend. A large number of metamorphic structural features can be observed in the outcrop: Almost directionless pearl gneiss in close alternation with gneisses with clearly layered structure, folds and discordances in the layer structure, embedded relic clods, quartz knuckles, veins, low mineralization (pyrite).	3000 200 × 15	Type: Metamorphic structure, type of rock, minerals Type: Gneiss, calcium silicate rock	embankment	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Granite outcrop on the B533 W from Wannersdorf		271A019	Grattersdorf position	Front Bavarian Forest	Kaußinger Granite, a fine-grained, biotite-rich granite is cut into the main road. The outcrop shows applitic dikes and inclusions of foreign clods, e.g. B. dioritic lenses. Harness surfaces indicate tectonic stress. The degree of weathering increases towards the surface of the terrain. The granite is buried. The decomposition zones penetrate deep into the fresher rock areas at faults.	2250 150 × 15	Type: Rock Type: Granite, Crystalline Grus	embankment	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Gravel and sand pit on Forchenhügel NE of Maign		271A020	Aussernzell position	Passau Forest	The gravel and sand pit opens up early Tertiary river sediments (Pliocene) from an ancient Danube. The river ran here more northerly than today's Danube. The gravels overlay the brown coal Tertiary (Miocene) of the Hengersberger Bucht, which reaches into the crystalline from the west. In the pit, an alternating sequence of quartz-rich gravel and sand is cut, partly recognizable as channel fillings. Halfway up, a conglomerate band (solidified by iron hydroxide) runs through the pit.	5000 100 × 50	Type: sequence of layers, sediment structures Type: gravel, sand	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Flintsbach brick and lime kiln with limestone quarry		271G001	Winemaker position	Passau Forest	The focal point of the ensemble, which has been a listed building since 1975, is the furnace building built in 1883 with the original ring furnace. Up until the end of operations in 1968, both bricks and lime were burned here. The raw material for the brick production came from a pit directly to the north of the kiln building, while the limestone to the northeast of it was mined in a quarry (geotope no. 271A006), which until then had been mined for over 1000 years. The technical monument was restored a few years ago and expanded into a brick and lime museum with an open-air area (e.g. brick drying plant, always accessible) and exhibition halls. An educational trail provides additional information with a focus on soil science.	1000 50 × 20	Type: Kiln / Brickyard, Lime Kiln, Quarry / Pit Type: Limestone	Quarry	precious	Natural park
Mining tracks in Hunding		271G002	Hunding position	Front Bavarian Forest	The former mining in Hunding (mining symbol in the municipal coat of arms) is the only known mining area in the district of Deggendorf. A silver-bearing lead luster mineralization was mined in a quartz vein. The adjacent rock is pearl gneiss, accompanying minerals of the mineralization include calcite, siderite, zinc blende, pyromorphite, cerussite, pyrite. Mining was first mentioned in 1562. The pits have been open since the end of the 19th century. Show object of the Bavarian Forest Nature Park.	20000 200 × 100	Type: tunnel, pinge field, minerals Type: vein quartz, vein mineralization , gneiss	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	significant	Natural park
Sauloch Gorge NW of Tattenberg	more pictures	271R001	Deggendorf position	Front Bavarian Forest	The Kerbtal is cut like a gorge up to 200 meters deep in some sections by the strong relief on the southern slope of the Front Bavarian Forest. In the upper section of the valley, on the south-west exposed side of the valley, under periglacial conditions, an extensive sea of boulders was created. T. is still in motion.	400000 1000 × 400	Type: Kerbtal, Blockstrom Type: Gneiss, granite	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Schützinger Berg S from Schützing		271R002	Shovel position	Front Bavarian Forest	The small summit cliff made of pearl gneiss testifies to the Pleistocene erosion in the periglacial area. A weak block scattering can be found in the vicinity.	100 10 × 10	Type: Ridge Type: Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Pulpit NW of Nemering		271R003	Shovel position	Front Bavarian Forest	The flat, only slightly raised summit cliffs made of paragranodiorite (a medium-grain anatectic rock) were created from pearl gneiss. The pulpit closes off a flat mountain spur with a steeper slope to the south. In the vicinity of the summit cliffs there is a mostly tree-covered sea of boulders.	75 15 × 5	Type: rocky dome, sea of rocks Type: granodiorite	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Cliff at the Büchelstein W of Kerschbaum		271R004	Grattersdorf position	Front Bavarian Forest	The summit area of the Bichelstein consists of pearl gneisses that plunge flat to the north. The plateau-like summit breaks off steeply to the south. These imposing summit cliffs are the result of Pleistocene erosion, during which deep tertiary weathering layers were removed down to the solid rock. A wide panoramic view is possible from the small summit plateau. The summit is a popular hang-glider take-off point.	250 25 × 10	Type: Ridge Type: Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Summit of Vogelsang (Klosterstein) NW of Vogelsang	more pictures	271R005	Bernried position	Front Bavarian Forest	The elongated summit cliff consists of cordierite-bearing pearl gneiss. A larger block field borders to the south. Summit cliff and block field are evidence of the Pleistocene weathering.	1200 80 × 15	Type: rocky hilltop, sea boulder Type: gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, FFH area
Terrace between Niederpöring and Aholming		271R006	Aholming position	Dungau	Between Niederpöring and Aholming there is a clear, mostly tree-lined terrace edge. The distinctive relief form in the low-relief Gaulandschaft is a worm-glacial to Holocene erosion terrace of the Isar in Riss-Ice Age gravel. East of Alttiefenberg and west of Aholming, the edge traces fossil river meanders (former impact slopes).	80000 4000 × 20	Type: terrace, impact slope Type: gravel	no information	significant	FFH area, bird sanctuary
Danube high bank between Irlbach and Wischlberg		271R007	Stephansposching position	Dungau	The recent Danube cuts through cracked glacial high terrace gravel. Due to the expansion of the river, the former bank of the Danube became almost inactive. The slope is graduated again near Wischlburg. At Wischlburg, the edge of the terrace extends into the side valley.	40000 1000 × 40	Type: Impact slope, terrace Type: Gravel	no information	significant	Landscape component, FFH area, bird sanctuary
Bachtal NW of Wischlburg		271R008	Stephansposching position	Dungau	An example of the typical form of valley formation in the periglacial area of the Würmglacial and the Holocene: Talgenesis is mainly characterized by extensive erosion of flowing earth in the Würmglacial. In the lower reaches, the valley floor cuts the groundwater table of the high terrace gravel, so that springs emerge on the valley flanks. Stream erosion created low terraces above the valley floor.	80000 400 × 200	Type: Terrace, Constriction Source Type: Gravel	no information	significant	FFH area, bird sanctuary
Natternberg W from Deggendorf	more pictures	271R009	Deggendorf position	Dungau	It is a relic of the mountain foot surface (pediment surface) of the Bavarian Forest. The Zeugenberg was created by the erosion of the Pleistocene Danube. This also explains the shape and orientation according to the direction of flow and the location of the tectonic structure of the rock. The rock is exposed through several mining sites.	175000 700 × 250	Type: Inselberg / Zeugenberg Type: Mylonite	no information	significant	Natural monument, FFH area, bird sanctuary
Regensburger Stein NW from Oberhirschberg		271R010	Bernried position	Front Bavarian Forest	The rocky knoll made of pearl gneiss is located on the steep southern slope of the Upper Bavarian Forest. The tertiary weathering crust was eroded in the Pleistocene, especially in exposed areas, and craggy rock forms were created by frost weathering.	1500 50 × 30	Type: Ridge Type: Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, FFH area
Geiersberg near Deggendorf		271R011	Deggendorf position	Front Bavarian Forest	The steep western flank of the Geiersberg goes back to a Pleistocene impact slope of the Danube. In small outcrops (e.g. behind the church on the footpath from the cemetery to the Marien-Pilfahrtskirche on Geiersberg) fine-grained, biotite-rich granite is exposed. Perl gneiss can be found in the vicinity of road cuts, some of which is heavily weathered (gneiss substitute).	100000 500 × 200	Type: Impact slope, rock type: Granite, gneiss	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Meander arch Gundelau SE from Niederalteich		271R012	Niederalteich position	Dungau	The Gundelau represents an exemplary meander curve of the Danube. Built from the central meander body, the accompanying channel and the undercut by a younger river course. This meander arch was still active in the Middle Ages. The arch is traced in the area of the Old Danube by dykes of the flood exposure and is therefore very easy to recognize.	2800000 2000 × 1400	Type: Meander Type: silt, sand, gravel	no information	precious	no protected area
Former Maßendorf gravel pit	more pictures	279A001	Loiching position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the former gravel pit, there is northern full gravel (alternation of gravel and sand) with individual marl layers. The outcrop wall shows sedimentation structures such as channels, inclined stratification and erosion discordances. A conspicuous chalky marl horizon extends over the entire excavation wall about 6–7 m above the floor. In a marl lens, which is likely to have been located just below the bottom of the pit that is still accessible today, a species-poor flora was mainly. Remains of a diverse fauna of small mammals, as well as those of fish, mussels, turtles and crocodiles have been found.	1200 120 × 10	Type: Layer sequence, Animal fossils, Vegetable fossils Type: Gravel, Marl	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Road outcrop near Landau		279A002	Landau on the Isar position	Dungau	At the road outcrop in Landau, a multi-segmented loess sequence (worm-glacial?) With limestone concretions is exposed over minimum ice age gravel. The uppermost section with gravel and sand containing flowing earth shows late glacial and postglacial deposits. The outcrop is now largely overgrown and partially collapsed.	200 20 × 10	Type: Layer sequence Type: conglomerate, clay	embankment	significant	no protected area
Former clay pit SE from Möding		279A003	Landau on the Isar position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the former brickworks, a 9 m thick loess profile of the crack and Würmglacials was exposed (separated by an interglacial soil formation horizon). The cracked glacial formations are represented by loess loam formed as fossil tundra wet soils, the worm glacial part shows loess and loess loam with basic fluid soils and solifluction discordance. The pit was (temporarily?) Closed in 2001. The sloping walls no longer show any details of the profile.	4000 200 × 20	Type: Sequence of layers, fossil soil Type: Clay	Clay pit / clay pit / marl pit	significant	no protected area
Schlüpfing gravel pit		279A005	Landau on the Isar position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the former gravel pit, a sequence of layers of northern full gravel is exposed. Gravel and sands are covered by horizons of fine-grained sediments (silt marl) and freshwater limestone. The sequence of loess clay and flowing earth is covered. A part of the outcrop walls has collapsed and a good view of parts of the episode can be seen in relatively fresh outcrops at the north end and at the south end of the pit. A motocross race track has been set up in the pit.	2400 120 × 20	Type: sequence of layers, rock type: gravel, sand, marl	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Source at Schellmühle		279Q001	Mamming position	Isar-Inn hill country	A year-round spring (approx. 10 l / s) rises above the Schellmühle on the steep Isarleite at the foot of the slope within the northern full gravel. Fish ponds are fed with the spring water. Right next to the fenced-in spring niche, gravel partially baked into conglomerate is exposed. The stratified spring probably originates from a water-retaining marl layer within the gravel.	6 3 × 2	Type: Layer source Type: gravel, sand, conglomerate	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area
Steep slope in the Isar valley W of Niederviehbach		279R001	Niederviehbach position	Paar-Isar region	The partial erosion slope on the southern edge of the Isar valley shows a multitude of individual geomorphological forms: B. deeply incised valleys of side streams, numerous landslides, source horizons z. Some with tufa formation and alluvial cones. The slope lies in the northern full gravel. The source horizons are bound to intermediate limnic freshwater layers.	700000 7000 × 100	Type: Prallhang, Kerbtal, layer source Type: Gravel, limestone, tufa	no information	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Valley of the Mamminger Bach SW of Mamming		279R002	Mamming position	Isar-Inn hill country	The valley of the Mamminger Baches is an asymmetrical sole valley with a steep east and flat west side. The valley floor is accompanied by a terrace edge on the western edge. Stratified springs bound to marl and freshwater limestone occur on the east side. In its shape and morphogenesis, the valley is an example of secondary valleys of the main water veins in the periglacial area. The formation as an asymmetrical Mulden valley in the Pleistocene was followed by the transformation into a sole valley since the late glacial.	600000 1500 × 400	Type: Asymmetrical valley, sole valley, stratified source Type: gravel, marl, tufa limestone	no information	significant	no protected area
Teisbachtal S from Teisbach		279R003	Dingolfing position	Isar-Inn hill country	The Teisbachtal shows the cross-section of an asymmetrical valley with steep flanks exposed to the west and flat to the east. On the west side there is a stepped terrace from the confluence in the Isar valley to Oberteisbach. Asymmetrical valleys have been formed by different erosion with soil flow in unglaciated areas, mainly along streams running along NS, shaped by the cold climate. Erosion has transformed the valley into a bottom valley in the post-glacial period.	840000 1200 × 700	Type: Asymmetrical Valley Type: Gravel	no information	significant	no protected area
Growing rock E from Usterling (Johannisfelsen)	more pictures	279R004	Landau on the Isar position	Isar-Inn hill country	Mightiest tufa dam in Bavaria! The impressive stone channel is approx. 35 m long, up to 1.2 m thick and up to 5.4 m high. It was already mentioned by Apian (1579) and depicted on the altarpiece of the Usterlinger church (1520). The Steinerne Rinne lies on a slope that is built up from approx. 20 million year old loose rock of the Upper Freshwater Molasse (OSM). For a long time now, the groundwater has emerged at a point at the boundary between water-bearing gravels and water-retaining marls (calcareous clays). Exact dates for the formation of the tufa formations on the Quellbach are not yet available, but estimates amount to a few thousand years.	35 35 × 1	Type: Stone gutter, layer source Type: Tufa, limestone	no information	precious	Natural monument, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 19
Alluvial fan Rosenau NW from Mamming		279R006	Mamming position	Paar-Isar region	The alluvial fan Rosenau is a flat, Holocene gravel cone, which lies only slightly above the surrounding terrain, but has hardly any surface contact and is clearly delimited from the surrounding agriculturally used valley floodplain by vegetation (poor grassland). The gravel cone probably belongs to older Holocene gravel sequences that were no longer reached by later high water sales. Part of the ballast is disturbed by the railway line and old gravel pits. *	15000 150 × 100	Type: Alluvial fan Type: Gravel	no information	significant	Nature reserve, FFH area
Former serpentinite quarry W from Guglöd		272A004	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In this small quarry, the serpentinite known as black gravel was formerly mined into road and railway gravel. The occurrence of this ultra-basic rock (very rare in the Bavarian Forest) within the gneiss is probably linked to scaling from greater depths in the area of shear zones. The former gravel quarry now serves as a geological exhibit in the national park. The serpentinite scale continues on the opposite side of the street.	140 20 × 7	Type: Rock Type: Serpentinite	Quarry	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Former sand pit in the Reschwassertal northwest of Mauth		272A006	Schönbrunn forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The (former) geological demonstration object in the Bavarian Forest National Park consists largely of buried granite in which sackcloth gneiss clods are embedded. The pit is almost completely overgrown and therefore the exposure conditions are now relatively poor. Clearly visible, however, are the firmer granite parts, which weather like a sack of wool from the more strongly decomposed crystalline gravel.	300 30 × 10	Type: Rock type, wool sacking Type: Granite, crystalline gravel , gneiss	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Outcrops between Innernzell and Mutzenwinkel		272A007	Innernzell position	Front Bavarian Forest	The transformation of pearl gneiss into granitoid anatectic rock (palitic rock) is here in places opened up over a longer stretch of blocks and pending. Various phenomena can be seen: pegmatoid streaks, the whereabouts of relict clods of gneisses, amphibolite bodies. The best outcrops are directly north of Innernzell (west of the bridge).	6000 300 × 20	Type: rock type, contact, metamorphic structure Type: gneiss, anatexite, mylonite	embankment	significant	Natural park
Rost quarry on Hartberg N of Thurmansbang		272A010	Thurmansbang position	Passau Forest	In the (former?) Granite quarry, granites from the Fürstenstein intrusive area were mined. This is where the so-called Saldenburg granite occurs, a porphyry granite with tabular potassium feldspars. In this quarry, the otherwise coarse-grained base material is somewhat smaller-grained, unlike the main type. Road building materials such as paving stones and curbs, as well as boundary and stone stones were made from the granite. Weathering profiles are exposed in the edge area.	25000 250 × 100	Type: rock type, soil profile type: granite, granodiorite, granite gravel	Quarry	significant	Natural park
Road outcrops N from Garham (upgraded route B12)		272A012	Röhrnbach position	Passau Forest	The two road cuts (new line B12) cut Mylonite south of the pile line. In the northern outcropping, palites with different degrees of deformation are exposed, which are penetrated by a granite dike (deformed to flame granite). In the southern section through the dust hump, the rocks are less deformed. Metatectic gneiss with amphibolite clods penetrated by numerous passages are exposed there.	2500 500 × 5	Type: rock type, metamorphic structure, fault type: mylonite, gneiss, aplite	embankment	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Sand pit near the Brennfilz SW from Haidmühle		272A013	Frauenberger and Duschlberger forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Haidmühler granite opens up the small sand pit, which apart from a few rounded bodies is decomposed by weathering and can be broken down as sand. However, the rock is still in the bond, so that the structural features have not been lost. Vertical structures (e.g. crevices, passages) only bend upwards in the direction of the slope. This hooking is due to soil flow in the permafrost soil during the cold periods.	100 10 × 10	Type: rock type, solifluction phenomenon, soil profile type: granite gravel , granite	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Road outcrops on the St2132, NE of Grüb		272A014	Grafenau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	On the state road west of Grafenau, the northern edge of the shear zone of the Bavarian pile is exposed. The cordierite-sillimanite-potassium feldspar-gneiss varieties are tectonized differently: partly proto- to ultramylonitic, partly hardly deformed, partly cataclastic. In addition to metatectic streaky structures with leukosomes, there are also massive, granular structures. The massive, grainy cordierite-sillimanite-potassium feldspar gneisses are mostly rich in quartz or silicified, often also cataclastically overprinted, their weathered surfaces show a characteristic pearly appearance that is not recognizable in the fresh break. Again and again, cm to dm thick ultramylonites appear. In places, dm-thick, light-gray quartz-gneiss banks have been preserved as spared areas in mylonitized gneiss as well as dm- to m-sized calcium silicate rock layers and boudins. Thin layers of leucocratic gneisses with biotite garnet aggregates are rare.	4000 400 × 10	Type: rock type, fault, metamorphic structure Type: mylonite, ultramylonite, gneiss	embankment	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Rocks at Hirschthalmühle on the Große Ohe		272A017	Spiegelau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	To the west of the bridge on the Große Ohe, Orthogneiss is exposed several times on the path leading up to Oberkreuzberg. The fine to medium-grained rocks show a tight layer structure of quartz-feldspar and biotite-rich layers. Zircon dating of neighboring occurrences indicates a sub-ordovician age of the igneous parent rocks. The rock clearances are southwest of the path, where the orthogneiss forms a distinct rib. The foliation dips in a northerly direction. The intensely folded rock appears only slightly fissured in a north-south direction. To the east of the bridge, an orthogneiss ridge that breaks off sharply to the south runs up the slope over a length of about 80 m, which, despite its walls of up to 6 m high, is difficult to see from the path. Here, in places, sharply developed contacts are open. The mostly homogeneous orthogneiss is interspersed in this area with quartz-feldspar streaks (presumably leucosomes) up to 1.5 m thick and gneiss clods.	3000 100 × 30	Type: Metamorphic structure, type of rock, rock wall / slope, fold / trough / saddle Type: Gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Mylonite profile in the street cut W of Grafenau		272A018	Grafenau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	On the state road St2132 is one of the best profiles through the shear zone of the Bayer. Stake with various tectonites and the transition from ultramylonites to dark diatexites. The profile includes from S to N rocks of the Palit complex, granite and gneisses, the different. Show deformation types: from hardly deformed to protomylonitic to ultramylonitic, as well as z. T. cataclastic. The road cut consists of two large outcrops, up to 30 m high, separated by a WE-oriented depression. In the N-part there are brownish to reddish, alternately strongly diaphthoritic mylonites, whose light color and porphyroclastic structure indicate a granitoid parent rock. The Mylonitic foliation falls steeply to Saiger after NNW or SSW. After S, the rock is more compact and massive due to secondary silicification, with a few cm thick, spindle-shaped stretched to ribbon-like quartz lenses, accompanied by hydrothermal reddening. Again and again a few dm-powerful ultramylonitic zones occur.	0 not specified	Type: Metamorphic structure, fault Type: Mylonite, Ultramylonite, Migmatite	embankment	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Outcrop on the Wolfsteiner Ohe below Fürsteneck Castle		272A019	Fürsteneck position	Passau Forest	There are several outcrops of migmatic gneiss (light diatexite), which contain characteristic clods of dark metamorphic rocks, directly on the road below Fürsteneck Castle (Triftsteig hiking trail).	100 50 × 2	Type: metamorphic structure, rock type: migmatite	embankment	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Grübenfeld Grüben am Rachel		272G001	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The small-scale surface forms of this pit field with pits, ditches and elongated and conical hills go back to anthropogenic activity. Historical sources indicate the exploitation of a soap gold deposit. However, quartz pebbles may also have been extracted later for the nearby glassworks.	120000 400 × 300	Type: Soap laundry, Pinge / nfeld Type: Gravel	no information	significant	National park, ground monument, landscape protection area
Quartz mining pits on the Katzberg		272G002	Neuschönau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	From 1803 to 1874, quartz was extracted in the pits as a raw material for the surrounding glassworks (REINER et al. 1995). The pits are 80 m east of a signposted hiking trail on the Katzberg, but can only be recognized through the slopes of the heaps and some rock clearances in the cordierite-sillimanite-potassium feldspar gneiss. There are a total of 5 abandoned pits of up to 35 × 15 × 9 m in size. Some of the imposing trenches are up to 5 m deep and 25 m long. There is no information in the vein quartz mined here, but the quartz is found as reading stones in the surrounding heaps. The side rock (cordierite-silimanite-gneiss) is exposed in small cliffs and blocks. The numerous quartz fragments that can be found in and around the pits are white to gray-white in color, hardly any feldspar and few adjacent rock fragments. The pits consist of what is now a funnel-shaped mining area and the extensive dumps in front of it. They are important historical evidence of regional raw material extraction.	20000 200 × 100	Type: Pinge / nfeld Type: vein quartz, cordierite-sillimanite gneiss	Ping	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Gold washing area near Riedlhütte (Grübenfeld)		272G003	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Pit fields as they are z. B. occur here on the southern edge of the Great Felt, are the remains of a former gold mining. The gold was obtained from enrichment zones, the so-called soaps, in the area of river deposits. For this purpose, the gold-bearing gravel had to be washed out. What remains are characteristic terrain forms such as funnel-shaped pits and trenches, mostly in connection with canal systems. A gold washing area was set up by the community on this grave field.	50000 500 × 100	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Gravel	Ping	significant	National park, ground monument, landscape protection area
Medieval melting furnace in Hochbuchet SE von Saldenburg		272G004	Saldenburg position	Passau Forest	There is a trench more than 50 m long and 5 m deep in the forest, but no heaps. The outcrops show an approx. 3 m thick, very fine-grained rhyolite vein (alkali aplite) in coarse-grained Saldenburg granite. Most of the material is said to have been used more recently for ballast production for the expansion of the B85. In addition to the dismantling, an old kiln was excavated, the interior of which is made of rhyolite. The firing temperatures were so high that the rock was melted. By means of a C14 analysis, the operating time of the furnace could be dated between 1280 and 1460. It will not have been a glass furnace, as no glass remains were found in the vicinity. However, there is a presumption that it was a frying furnace in which the coarse mixture of flux, lime and quartz was sintered prior to glass production. The furnace of an alchemist is also suspected.	250 50 × 5	Type: ironworks / smelting furnace, type of rock, scraping type: rhyolite, granite	Schurf	precious	Natural park
Grübenfeld on the Cold Vltava		272G005	Frauenberger and Duschlberger forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The well-preserved Grübenfeld stretches from the Kiesau over the Marderau to the Gruben site for 2.5 km along the Cold Vltava. The historical traces of gold mining are referred to as pit fields, which leave a restless relief of funnel pits, trenches, hills, gullies and moats in the landscape. They testify to the washing out of gold flakes from the river sediments (gravel, sand). Quartz gravel was later extracted from these areas.	1000000 2500 × 400	Type: Soap Laundry, Pinging Field Type: Gravel, Sand	no information	precious	Soil monument, nature park
Abandoned mine on Redelberg		272G006	Schönberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The mine near Rendelmoos is already mentioned by Flurl (1792) as abandoned and derelict. From around 1580, the search for silver, copper and lead in the pile quartz was unsuccessful. The buried mouth hole with a dump in front of it was located in 2001 by ENE Hartmannsreit am Redelberg.	0 not specified	Type: Adit Type: Vein mineralization	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Schrazlgang under the Klessinger inn in Hundsruck		272G007	Saldenburg position	Passau Forest	The Schrazlgang in the basement of the inn is open to the public. Its exploration is explained with photos, plans and a video. First mentioned in a document in 1449, the Erdstall is said to be around 1000 years old. The corridor in the weathered Saldenburg granite shows discoloration from iron heels on crevice cracks or along weathered fronts. The Schrazlgang is recorded as a ground monument (medieval - early modern earth stable) (monument no. D-2-7246-0158).	0 not specified	Type: Rock Cellar Type: Granite	Rock cellar	precious	Soil monument, nature park
Funnel pits and pit field for gold mining near Eisenbernreut		272G008	Perlesreut position	Passau Forest	Extraction pits and soap mounds in a forest along the Eisenbernreuter Bach are traces of what is believed to be medieval gold mining. A residual gold soap was cultivated and washed out - an originally primary gold mineralization enriched by profound weathering in a Moldanubian diatexite. The angular gold grains that were washed here have practically not been transported. The property is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-7246-0160).	250000 500 × 500	Type: Soap laundry, Pinge / nfeld Type: Gneiss gravel	Ping	precious	Soil monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Blockstrom Gsteinet E from Waldkirchen		272R001	Waldkirchen position	Passau Forest	The boulders were mostly exposed postglacial through spring streams and rainwater emerging in the area. The block sea is a geomorphological formation that is typical for higher elevations in the low mountain range.	17600 220 × 80	Type: Block Stream Type: Granite	block	significant	Natural monument, nature park
Saußbachleite S from Waldkirchen	more pictures	272R002	Waldkirchen position	Passau Forest	In the steep-walled Kerbtal (in some places Kerbsohlental) the solifluction covers were washed out down to the coarse material, which remains in the form of a large number of blocks in the stream bed.	180000 900 × 200	Type: Kerbtal, Blockstrom Type: Granite	block	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Buchberger Leite NE from Buchberg	more pictures	272R003	Hohenau position	Passau Forest	Over a length of approx. 2 km, in the middle of a canyon-like, over 100 m deep valley, one of the most beautiful outcrops through the Bavarian pile can be found: various stages of mylonitization, from largely undeformed to ultramylonite, are exposed. In the Buchberger Leite it is easy to understand that the Bavarian stake does not always have to be quartz and that it can have very different morphological effects. The large number of waterfalls is striking.	1000000 5000 × 200	Type: ravine, fault, layer sequence Type: cataclasite, granite, vein quartz	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 26
Steinernes Meer at Plöckenstein NE of Riedelsbach	more pictures	272R004	Pleckensteiner Wald position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The sea of blocks consists of several parts. Boulder seas are typical formations of the periglacial area, higher altitudes and areas of stronger radiation are preferred.	1250000 1000 × 1250	Type: Blockmeer Type: Granite	block	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Wackelstein SE from Loh	more pictures	272R005	Saldenburg position	Passau Forest	The summit cliff of the small hilltop shows some blocks of Saldenburg granite with heavy wool sack weathering. The rock joints are so widened that only individual, completely separate blocks with a small contact area remained of the rock tower. The so-called rocking stone has such a narrow contact surface that it can be made to rock by human strength.	12 4 × 3	Type: wool sack formation, rocky dome Type: granite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Rock summit at Steinmannbiegel in Draxlschlag		272R006	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The rock of the summit cliff, made of metatectic cordierite-sillimanite-potassium feldspar gneisses, is heavily folded. Molten material of quartz and feldspar can be seen in layers. The elongated rock crest has broken up into individual blocks. The gneisses show different, partly streaky metatectic, partly massive diatectic structures, in places they have small grenades.	200 20 × 10	Type: rocky dome, metamorphic structure, rock type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Cliff at the Draxlschlag construction yard		272R007	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The rock cliffs on the plateau spur lined with spring horizons consist of metatectic cordiertite-sillimanite-potassium feldspar gneisses. They show various structures, some streaky metatectical, some massive diatectic structures, and in places they carry small grenades. The area used to be the sports field. Today there is the construction yard of the community (material storage area).	200 20 × 10	Type: rocky dome, metamorphic structure, rock type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, nature park
High stone in Draxlschlag		272R008	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The Hohe Stein in Draxlschlag is the continuation of object 272R006 to the northwest. Anatectic cordierite gneiss is also open here. Since the actual cliff is on private property, the outcrops are not directly accessible. The gneisses show different, partly streaky metatectic, partly massive diatectic structures, in places they have small grenades.	250 25 × 10	Type: Crag, type of rock, metamorphic structure Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural park
Wollsackbildung W from Frauenberg		272R009	Haidmühle position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The impressive summit cliff consists of coarse-grained crystal granite (Haidmühler granite). The pronounced weathering of wool sacks and mattresses is evidence of the Pleistocene erosion, in which a tertiary weathering bark was removed down to the solid rock.	160 20 × 8	Type: wool sack formation, rocky dome Type: granite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Rock slope Gsteinet E from Hobelsberg		272R010	Grainet position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The strong block sprinkling of the slopes results from the Pleistocene frost weathering and drift on solifluction covers. The cliff and boulders are made of anatectic cordierite gneiss.	450 30 × 15	Type: rocky dome, block flow Type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Felskuppe SE from Haidmühle		272R012	Haidmühle position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The narrow, surface-parallel fissures of the coarse-grained crystal granite causes the pita-like weathering form. The cliffs are built over with a chapel and a carillon.	300 30 × 10	Type: wool sack formation, rocky dome Type: granite	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area
Pulpit in the Bavarian Forest National Park by Glashütte	more pictures	272R013	Hohenau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The summit cliff is located on a hiking trail and serves as a lookout point. The result of Pleistocene erosion processes is mattress weathering, which the coarse-grained, fibrous orthogneiss shows. The flat blocks and plates correspond to the fracture and fibrous rock structure. There are also some cellular honeycomb weathering structures on the NE side.	320 40 × 8	Type: Ridge Type: Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	National park, natural monument, landscape protection area
Kleinalmeyerschloss NW of Mauth		272R014	Schönbrunn forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The formation of these steep granite cliffs is the result of increased Pleistocene erosion in the periglacial area. Weakly textured structure and platy segregation of the crystal granite lead to mattress-like weathered bodies. The cliffs can only be reached via abandoned paths (core area of the national park!).	1000 50 × 20	Type: rock castle, wool sack formation Type: granite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	National park, natural monument, landscape protection area
Großalmeyerschloss NW of Mauth	more pictures	272R015	Schönbrunn forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The rock cliffs of the Großalmeyerschloss are made of older Finsterau crystal granite. The formation of this rock exposure is the result of increased Pleistocene erosion in the periglacial area. The rock cliff is a geological show object in the Bavarian Forest National Park (explanatory panel on periglacial weathering in the ascent).	2500 50 × 50	Type: Crag, wool sack formation Type: Granite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	National park, natural monument, landscape protection area
Sea of blocks on the Lusen	more pictures	272R016	Neuschönau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The entire summit area of the Lusen is a large exposed sea of boulders. This largest sea of boulders in the Bavarian Forest National Park was created by the Pleistocene erosion of the weathering bark and the decomposition of the surrounding rock (fine to medium-grain granite), mainly through frost weathering. The blocks in the upper area disintegrated on the spot, without any major transport down the slope. In this way, corridors can be traced across the sea of blocks.	200000 400 × 500	Type: Blockmeer Type: Granite, Gneiss	block	especially valuable	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 32
Glacier cut in the Reschwassertal NW from Schustersäge		272R017	Schönbrunn forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The block made from older Finsterau crystal granite has a drum-lined rounding as well as cuts and scratches on the sides. The erratic boulder is a geological exhibit in the Bavarian Forest National Park (explanatory panel).	4 3 × 2	Type: Glacier Cut, Boulder Type: Granite	block	precious	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Teufelsloch NE from Waldhäuser		272R018	Waldhäuser forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In the gorge-like, narrow Kerbtal of the upper reaches, the slopes and the valley floor are covered by a sea of boulders. Here the stream flows invisibly under the blocks. Down the valley there is a widening of the Kerbtal, the block spreading becomes more patchy, the blocks are z. T. only tilted by the queue and little transported. In the steepest locations, the block formation seems to persist recently.	32000 400 × 80	Type: Kerbtal, Blockmeer Type: Granite	block	precious	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Rachelsee Kar E from the Great Rachel	more pictures	272R019	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The Rachelsee cirque with its steep, approx. 300 m high cirque walls is the largest and best accessible cirque in the national park. The cirque was divided into two niches (Rachelsee + Alter See), the firne ice of which united to form a glacier.	960000 800 × 1200	Type: Kar Type: moraine, gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	especially valuable	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Bärenriegelkar NW of Finsterau		272R020	Mauther Forst position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The cirque of the Schwarzbach Glacier has a distinctive shape. The Kar walls are over 200 meters high, the former Kar moraine lake has silted up. Today the Karboden is occupied by a transitional moor, which is traversed by some tributaries and headwaters of the Great Schwarzbach.	80000 400 × 200	Type: Kar Type: Moraine	no information	precious	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Moraine walls SE of the Great Rachel		272R021	Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The wall moraines of the southern Rachel Glacier, the lateral moraines of the glaciers of the Alten-See-Kares, the Rachelsee-Kares and the Hochgfeicht-Karoides unite here to form two large medium moraine ranges. Side, front and middle moraines form numerous walls, the exact definition and parallelization of the retreat stages z. T. is not yet possible. Ice Age hiking trail with display boards of the national park.	12000 1200 × 10	Type: End (wall) moraine Type: Moraine	no information	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Stake on the Thomasleite S in Kapfham		272R022	Grafenau position	Passau Forest	The outcrop is accessible from Kapfham via the dirt road, at the end of which there is a parking lot for hikers. The rock ridge runs roughly in an east-west direction. In the east, the rocks consist almost exclusively of gray to beige-gray quartz vein breccia of the Bavarian pile, which is quite compact despite its narrow fissures due to secondary silicification. In the W, the rock ridge consists mainly of ultramylonite, which is heavily silicified or interspersed with sharply defined quartz streaks. The outcrop is accompanied by pile slate in the north, and old mining in ultramylonite (whet slate?) On the SE edge. A small quarry (quartz quarry) is located on the signposted historical hiking trail of the Ringelai community.	8800 110 × 80	Type: hard rock, rock dome, quarry / pit Type: vein quartz, ultramylonite	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Augrub E post		272R023	Schönberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The indistinct hardening train from quartz gang breccia of the Bavarian pile between the Augrub and the Kehre bei der Quetsch shows some old, partly filled quartz mining sites. The quartz vein breccia is intensely fissured and often disintegrates in small pieces. There is also a recultivated dump with industrial glass waste from the nearby, former glassworks. Pile quartz is best to be found in the two larger pits that are not partially accessible to the public.	112000 1400 × 80	Type: Hard rock , quarry / pit Type: Vein quartz, ultramylonite	Slope crack / rock wall	inferior	Landscape protection area, nature park
Summit cliffs on the Dreisesselberg	more pictures	272R024	Neureichenau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The summit area of the Dreisesselberg is occupied by a group of imposing rock castles. The best known are the Dreisesselfels and the Hochstein, both of which are accessed by steps. The rock exposures show a well-banked granite with a medium to coarse-grained base mass. The weathering could attack the dividing surfaces and created the typical appearance of wool sack weathering. Loose block fields can be found in the vicinity of the rock castles.	50000 500 × 100	Type: rock castle, wool sack formation, rock type: granite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 58
Steinklamm S from Spiegelau	more pictures	272R025	Spiegelau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	To the south of Spiegelau, the Große Ohe leaves the tertiary base trunk area. There it has cut deeply into the landscape in the form of a V-valley through fluvio-glacial and fluvial erosion. In the course of the so-called stone gorge, the river overcomes a multitude of small waterfall steps. In the lower area, in a gorge-like section, a diverse treasure trove of fluvial erosion can be observed in the gneiss rock bed. B. Flow channels, pools, whirlpool holes, smoothing.	20000 1000 × 20	Type: Kerbtal Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss, calcium silicate rock	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	Landscape protection area
Hessenstein SW of Klingenbrunn		272R026	Eppenschlag position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The summit area of the Hessenstein consists of conspicuously coarse-grained gneiss, which forms an imposing summit cliff with very advanced wool sack weathering. Weathering, which mainly attacks the edges and progresses along dividing surfaces, gives the rocks the typical rounded shapes of wool sacks. The coarse-grained gneiss is garnet-bearing.	4500 150 × 30	Type: rocky dome, wool sack formation Type: Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Ginghartinger Bach E from Ginghartinger Mühle		272R027	Thurmansbang position	Passau Forest	On the bottom of the valley through which the Ginghartinger Bach flows, individual, large blocks of crystal granite (Saldenburg granite, sometimes> 5 m³) lie. The blocks of this loose block current, through which the Ginghartinger Bach flows, testify to extensive soil flow in the periglacial area during the cold period. The blocks have reached their current position as hiking blocks.	25000 500 × 50	Type: Solifluction phenomenon, brook / river course Type: Clay, granite	no information	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Stone church NNE from Entschenreuth	more pictures	272R028	Thurmansbang position	Passau Forest	In the entire area there are numerous rock clearances with heavy wool sack weathering. During the Tertiary the rock was deeply weathered. Only in the area of more compact granite domes could the weathering not progress so quickly. During the Quaternary, the weathering coverings were removed. Only the intact rock areas remained. The rock ensemble of rounded granite blocks at the stone church forms small caves, niches and rock alleys.	1000 40 × 25	Type: wool sack formation, rocky dome Type: granite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Spiritual stone NW of Ringelai	more pictures	272R029	Grafenau position	Passau Forest	On the Geistlichen Stein several imposing rock cliffs, which protrude up to 40 m from the slope, allow a beautiful view to SW into the valley basin on Ringelai. The rocks of granitic-granodioritic dark diatexites (Palite: tectonically deformed rocks of the mylonite zone in the vicinity of the fault zone of the pile) show striking wool sack weathering. The rock here has a granitic habit. Numerous large feldspar crystals swim in a coarse-grained matrix.	600 40 × 15	Type: Rock tower / needle, wool sack formation Type: Migmatite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Abrahamsfilz high moor near Theresienreuth		272R030	Leopoldsreuter forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The Abrahamfilz is a high moor up to 6 m thick with a large area of abandoned peat in the center. In the east there is an open raised bog area, in the west part is wooded (afforestation and bog forest). At the edges of the peat pit, up to 2 m high peat profiles can be seen.	200000 500 × 400	Type: raised bog, type of layers : peat	Open pit	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Rock hiking area in the Bavarian Forest National Park W of Mauth	more pictures	272R031	Schönbrunn forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In the area of the rock hiking area in the Bavarian Forest National Park, the entire area around the Kleine Kanzel is littered with gneiss cliffs and blocks. South of the Kleiner Kanzel on the hiking trail is a beautiful outcrop in heavily crinkled metatectic to anatectic cordierite gneiss with inclusions of calcium silicate rock. Today's morphological appearance is the result of the Pleistocene erosion of the weathering cover and the associated rock exposure.	1000 50 × 20	Type: group of rocks, type of rock, metamorphic structure Type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss, calcium silicate rock	Rock slope / cliff	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Diorite cliffs on Garsleite SE von Kollberg		272R032	Röhrnbach position	Passau Forest	Almost all of the numerous diorite cliffs in the forest have an oriented, sloping structure of dividing surfaces into the slope. The dark diorites show light feldspar crystals and biotite nests in a fine-grained to dense matrix. Numerous bright aplites as corridors or irregularly shaped bodies have penetrated the rock both concordantly and discordantly.	12500 250 × 50	Type: Group of rocks, type of rock, storage conditions Type: diorite, aplite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Stelzerbach NE of the Stelzermühle		272R033	Waldkirchen position	Passau Forest	Below the street to the Stelzermühle you can see a classic meandering loop of the Stelzerbach. On the rebound slope at the entrance to a side stream, a soil profile is exposed through the tertiary / quaternary weathering cover above the crystalline. Above completely decomposed crystalline there is a layer of rubble as well as sand and clay in which crystalline chunks swim. The formations are intensely colored yellow. To the north the stream shows many meander loops.	200000 2000 × 100	Type: Meander, impact slope, soil profile Type: Crystalline gravel, sand, clay	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Summit cliff High Saxony W of Grafenau		272R034	Grafenau position	Passau Forest	The summit of the High Saxony is formed by a summit cliff made of granitic-granodioritic dark diatexites with large potassium feldspar crystals with almost vertical walls. At the bottom there is a block field. Today's morphology is the result of Pleistocene erosion during which the tertiary weathering cover was removed and more compact rock areas were exposed. The rock cliffs and blocks are heavily overgrown throughout.	240 30 × 8	Type: rocky dome, sea of rocks Type: migmatite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
The Wolfsteiner Ohe flows into the Ilz near Fürsteneck		272R035	Fürsteneck position	Passau Forest	Narrow gorge with exposed rocks, easily accessible by hiking trails. A light-colored diatexite is exposed that contains metabasite clods and is penetrated by a dacite duct. A younger rhyolite dike is also exposed at several points along the way.	10000 200 × 50	Type: gorge, rock wall / slope, contact type: anatexite, dacite, rhyolite	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Rocks at the Steinbühl summit S of Neudorf		272R036	Grafenau position	Passau Forest	In the summit area of the Steinbühl there is a rib made of Palit, which has disintegrated into a small sea of blocks. The summit itself is formed by a rocking stone created by the weathering of wool sacks. The Palit is extremely mylonitized, which is partly easy to recognize from the blocks.	1000 50 × 20	Type: hardness, block sea, wool sack formation, metamorphic structure Type: gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Natural park
Erdstall (Schrazelgang) in Waldkirchen		272G009	Waldkirchen position	Passau Forest	Immediately next to parking lot P3 (Jandelsbrunner Straße) in Waldkirchen there is an earth stables, which was discovered in the construction of the parking lot and partially destroyed in the process. The two remaining parts are the rearmost parts of the entire system, which originally consisted of three side arms (Fig. 4, from: The Erdstall 13) They were hand-cut in the heavily buried Hauzenberg-Hutthumer granite without heavy equipment, which can be seen particularly well on the face of the left arm (Fig. 3). The total length preserved is about 16 meters. Further Erdststall, they are also known as Schrazelgang, are located in the urban area of Waldkirchen. However, these are only accessible via the cellars of private houses. The property at parking lot P3, on the other hand, is accessible to everyone as part of city tours. Information about the building office in the town hall (Rathausplatz 1) or the city archive in the community center (Ringmauerstraße 14). Both the exact time of construction and the actual purpose of the systems have not yet been clarified with certainty. The geotope is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-7247-0188).	16 16 × 1	Type: rock cellar Type: granite, granite gravel	Rock cellar	precious	Soil monument, nature park
Ochsenfels W of the Saußmühle		272R037	Waldkirchen position	Passau Forest	The rock clearance Ochsenfels am Saßberg near Saußmühle consists of solid, medium-grain Hauzenberg-Hutthumer granite. The rock face is officially used as a climbing rock. Since the Ochsenfels plateau has a late medieval castle stables, the ditch of which is still very well preserved, the area is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-7247-0021).	450 15 × 30	Type: Rock Tower / Needle Type: Granite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Soil monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Flügelsberg near Meihern	more pictures	273A001	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The rock spur shows reef dolomites of the Middle Malm, which are cut in the top and overlaid by thin-banked dolomitic limestone of the Malm Epsilon. The stratified limestone shows a connection between the stratified facies basins of Dietfurt and Painten (located between reefs) over the Speckelsberger Canal. A thin bank of conglomerates at the base of the stratified limestone indicates submarine erosion in the canal.	1600 80 × 20	Type: Discordance, rock type, layer sequence, rock tower / needle Type: dolomite stone, limestone	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Natural monument, landscape protection area, FFH area
Former quarry N of Jachenhausen		273A002	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	In the former quarry on the western edge of the Paintner Plattenkalkwanne, Plattenkalke from the lower Malm Zeta has been mined for use as roof panels since the 19th century. After the closure in the 1980s, the quarry was largely backfilled. There are only a few small outcrops left. Characteristic for the sequence of layers in Jachenhausen were the crooked layers - sliding folds that had arisen in submarine landslides. Some important fossil finds have been made in the quarry. While fossils can still be found, the Krumme Lagen are no longer accessible, apart from sparse hints and remnants.	20000 200 × 100	Type: Animal Fossils, Sedimentary Structures Type: Limestone	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former Lime Kiln W quarry from Bad Abbach		273A005	Bad Abbach position	Southern Franconian Alb	The break opens up dolomitized reef limestone, overlaid with an undulating transgression surface by Regensburg green sandstone. The rocks are criss-crossed by vertical fissures. In karst crevices there are gray sands of the lower Cretaceous protective rock layers.	900 90 × 10	Type: Discordance, sequence of layers Type: Dolomite stone	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former quarry ENE from Netzstall		273A007	Painten position	Southern Franconian Alb	The bank limestone (below) and Kieselkalke and plate silex (above) in the small quarry already described by ROLL (1940) belong to the Torleite formation (Malm Epsilon 1 + 2). The bank limestone represents the normal form of the Torleite formation and is today - named after this outcrop - referred to as the Netzstall subformation (formerly the subemela zone), while the Kieselkalke and plate silex belong to the Arnstorf subformation (formerly the setatus zone). The quarry has overgrown today. And the wall, which has been open for more than 80 years, has already fallen into disrepair. Where it is still accessible, it has dangerous overhangs. so that there is a risk of falling. Therefore this exposure should only be viewed from the street!	30 15 × 2	Type: Type locality, Layer sequence, Animal fossils Type: Limestone	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area
Silicified layers of Reinhausen NE from Kelheim		273A008	Frauenforst position	Southern Franconian Alb	In the area of the summit at height 495, ancient tertiary silicification occurs in Reinhausen layers (Unterturon). The gray, hard rock shows few primary rock features. On a nearly 1 m high cliff, however, layer joints can be seen relictly (outcrop overgrown). In the area there are some individual blocks of silicified rocks, so-called Kallmünzer. Both the timing and the process of pebbles have not yet been satisfactorily clarified.	250 25 × 10	Type: Rock type, relic rock Type: sand-lime brick	Rock slope / cliff	significant	no protected area
Former quarries E from Kelheimwinzer		273A009	Kelheim position	Southern Franconian Alb	There are some very dilapidated old quarries on the slope. Upcoming are Jura limestone, overlaid by a 3–5 meter thick Schotternagelfluh. The gravel is mainly made up of alpine gravel, along with layers of shardy to rounded Jura limestone. It is a testimony to the Old Pleistocene course of the Danube. Since the foot of the embankment is heavily overgrown and difficult to walk on, the outcrops are hardly accessible.	360 120 × 3	Type: Discordance, Terrace Type: Conglomerate, Limestone	Quarry	precious	FFH area
Former quarry on the Teufelsfelsen SW of Alkofen		273A010	Bad Abbach position	Southern Franconian Alb	In the quarry, Jurassic limestone from the Kelheim facies as well as Regensburg's lower green sandstones are exposed. Deep crevices and caves can be seen in the limestone, which were filled with precenomaniac and cenomaniac sediments during the transgression.	200 20 × 10	Type: sequence of layers, discordance, karst chimney, karst crevice Type: limestone, sandstone	Quarry	significant	Natural monument
Former quarries at Mühlberg SE from Dantschermühle		273A011	Bad Abbach position	Southern Franconian Alb	The old quarries at the Dantschermühle show the most comprehensive chalk profile in the Kelheim district: Regensburg Formation, Eibrunn Formation (with the micro-palaeontologically proven Cenoman-Turon boundary) and Reinhausen subformation of the Winzerberg Formation. Only the green sandstone is easily accessible, while the erosion-sensitive overlapping layers have largely slipped and rolled over. The aim of mining was the massive Lower Green Sandstone of the Regensburg Formation, which shows clear signs of processing.	2400 80 × 30	Type: Type locality, animal fossils, layer sequence Type: sand-lime brick, marlstone	Quarry	especially valuable	Natural monument
Plattenkalke E from Haderfleck		273A013	Kelheim position	Southern Franconian Alb	In the lower part of the Danube slope, layers of Malm Zeta 1–2 (Solnhofen layers) occur in the form of plate limestone and a few thin limestone slates. The majority of the layer structure is deformed by a noticeable sliding fold. Up the slope there is an abrupt transition to the paper slates of the Malm Zeta 3a. This digestion part is difficult to access and largely dilapidated. The plate limestone near Haderfleck is one of the stratified facies of the Hienheimer Wanne.	2400 80 × 30	Type: Sediment structures, layer sequence Type: Limestone	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Former paper slate quarry S from Hohenpfahl		273A014	Kelheim position	Southern Franconian Alb	Plate limestone and slate (thin-layer limestone less than 1 cm thick) of the Kelheim tub are exposed in two quarries (Malm zeta 2 and 3). In the lower part, so-called cardboard slate occurs in addition to plate limestone. For hanging walls, the layer thickness is reduced to a few mm for paper slate. The high clay content makes the paper slate sequence very susceptible to weathering. The breaks therefore expire quickly. Today only part of the shift sequence is unlocked.	50 10 × 5	Type: Rock type, Sedimentary structures Type: Limestone	Quarry	significant	no protected area
Former quarry on Linsberg NE of Abensberg		273A015	Abensberg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The small quarry opened up a sequence of layers on the northwest edge of the Pullacher tub. Above the choppy, wavy upper limit of the Kelheimer Kalk, which dipped into the SW, and interlocked with it, there followed bank limes with fine and coarse rubble layers and chert (sometimes referred to as Abensberg limestone in the literature). The profile on the upper part of the west wall, which is still open today, shows slab limestone with banded chert slabs and thin banks containing fine debris. The rest of the profile is covered.	1000 50 × 20	Type: Layer sequence Type: Limestone, chert	Quarry	precious	Natural monument
Western Seeholzbruch NW of Offenstetten		273A016	Abensberg position	Danube-Isar hill country	In the former quarry, the following sequence of layers was exposed: chalky mortar limestone, chert-rich limestone, Abensberg bank limestone and normal plate limestone of the lower Malm Zeta followed over massive fossil-rich Kelheim limestone. The area is now quite overgrown and collapsed. Only the upper section of the profile with bench and slab limestone is clearly visible.	5000 100 × 50	Type: Layer sequence Type: Limestone	Quarry	significant	Natural monument
Exposure at Eichelberg E from Marching		273A018	Neustadt an der Donau position	Donaumoos	The former mining site on the Danube slope shows weathered reef dolomite, which is covered by a thick layer of loess. The outcrop is strongly overgrown and decayed and therefore almost inaccessible.	30 15 × 2	Type: Rock type: Dolomite stone, clay	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area
Paper slate outcrop S from Weltenburg		273A019	Kelheim position	Southern Franconian Alb	In the small outcropping, slide-folded plate limestone from the Malm Zeta 2 and above it paper slate from the Malm Zeta 3 (can be bent when the mountain is damp!) Can be seen. Today this outcrop has almost completely collapsed and overgrown. Only a short section of the paper slate sequence can still be seen.	80 10 × 8	Type: Layer sequence Type: Limestone	Quarry	significant	FFH area
Former dolomite quarry NE of Marching		273A021	Neustadt an der Donau position	Southern Franconian Alb	Large former quarry in the massive reef dolomites of the Altmannstein-Marchinger reef range. The former mass limestone (sponge algae reef limestone) were later dolomitized.	25000 250 × 100	Type: Rock Type: Dolomite Stone	Quarry	inferior	Landscape component
Quarries at Hanselberg W of Oberndorf		273A024	Bad Abbach position	Southern Franconian Alb	On the Danube slope west of Oberndorf, massive reef dolomites of the Malm epsilon to zeta (Oberkimmeridge / Untertithon) are exposed by several now abandoned quarries with walls more than 40 m high. As a result of the late diagenetic dolomitization, fossils and original structures of the rock have largely disappeared. Numerous karst cavities, some of which were filled with clay, were cut through the mining. In the fall blocks there is old sinter (stalactites).	12000 300 × 40	Type: Rock type, karst chimney, karst crevice Type: dolomite stone	Quarry	significant	FFH area, bird sanctuary
Kreuzfelsen near Riedenburg		273A027	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The rocks on the east side of the Schambach valley show two dolomite reef domes from the Malm Delta. The individual domes have a diameter of 80 - 100 m and arch about 20 m high (onion-skin-like thick sponge dolomite benches).	16000 200 × 80	Type: Sedimentary structures, rock wall / slope Type: Dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Natural monument, bird sanctuary, nature park
Former Buchenhöhe NNE quarry by Painten		273A028	Painten position	Southern Franconian Alb	The abandoned quarry on Buchenhöhe, directly opposite the large Rygol quarry, opens up banked Jurassic limestone from the area of the Paintner slab of limestone tub. The sequence of layers comprises part of the profile (Malm epsilon / zeta).	2500 50 × 50	Type: Type of rock, sequence of layers, sedimentary structures Type: Limestone	Quarry	significant	no protected area
Green sand quarries near Ihrlerstein	more pictures	273A029	Ihrlerstein position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Ihrlerstein quarries with Jura limestone and overlying chalk sandstones are the place of origin of the building blocks of numerous buildings by King Ludwig I (including the Liberation Hall). While the law break has long been abandoned, z. B. won Regensburg green sandstone for the construction of the Neue Pinakothek until the 1980s. The exposed profile shows 2 thick banks (each 3–4 m) made of greenish sandstone with many thick-shelled shells and overlying 5–6 m thin-banked sand-lime brick.	1600 80 × 20	Type: sequence of layers, type of rock, sediment structures Type: sand-lime brick	Quarry	significant	Natural park
Reef debris exposure in Riedenburg		273A031	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	In a small outcrop directly on the Austraße in Riedenburg, meter-thick dolomite banks that are inclined approx. 40 ° to the northeast are exposed. They document the very steep collapse of a reef dome of the middle Malm (Upper Jura). The banks are partially formed by dolomite breccias, the components of which are cm to several dm in size. These breccias are interpreted as reef debris that was created by erosion near the surface of the water during reef growth. The outcrop in Riedenburg is one of the very few places where such breccia in the Franconian dolomite are so easily accessible.	150 30 × 5	Type: Sediment structures, layer sequence, type of rock Type: Breccia, dolomite stone	other information	precious	Natural park
Bentonite mining NW of Straß		273G001	Mainburg position	Danube-Isar hill country	The former open-cast mine on bentonite is located approx. 250 m NW of Straß im Wald. The last time it was mined here was between the 1940s and 1950s. Pings indicate an underground mine. The occurrence is one of the few places in the Bavarian Molasse where the volcanic tuffs that have been converted to bentonite are directly in line. There is currently no evidence, but there are reading stones of a greenish, hard and platy rock (known as hard plate) that was discarded as overburden. In the meantime (2014) a new opencast mine has moved closer to the old mining tracks.	100 10 × 10	Type: quarry / pit, rock type: bentonite	Clay pit / clay pit / marl pit	precious	no protected area
Rocks at the SW Lion Monument in Bad Abbach	more pictures	273G002	Bad Abbach position	Southern Franconian Alb	During floods, the road connection for the stagecoach between Saal and Abbach was interrupted. Therefore, in the years 1794 to 1792, extensive work was carried out on the Danube prall slope to improve the situation. For this purpose, larger explosions were carried out on the rock walls. The blasted material was used to raise the road over the Danube bank. The memorial plaque and lion monument are intended to commemorate this high engineering achievement for the time.	25000 250 × 100	Type: Machined Rock Type: Limestone	embankment	significant	Natural monument
Old brickworks E by Marching		273G003	Neustadt an der Donau position	Southern Franconian Alb	The mine site of the former Marching brickworks is badly dilapidated and overgrown. There are still impressive remains of the brickworks. Behind the ruins of the kilns, worm-glacial loess loam and loess are cut into the pit wall. The deeper, brown loess loam of the Riß-Würm interglacial soil is no longer exposed. The loess wall, which is a maximum of 2.5 m high, has numerous breeding tunnels for birds and insects.	60 30 × 2	Type: Kiln / Brickyard, Type of Rock, Fossil Soil Type: Loess, Loess Loam	Clay pit / clay pit / marl pit	precious	no protected area
Neolithic chert quarries near Arnhofen		273G004	Abensberg position	Danube-Isar hill country	In 1984–86 excavations in former mining pits were carried out in the gravel pit area. Devices made of chert from the Pullacher Wanne are widely used by Middle Neolithic settlements, as the flat design of the raw material suited the style of weapons and devices (narrow blades and points) preferred at the time. According to existing studies, Arnhofen can be used as a production center for chert tools in the Middle Neolithic.		Type: Manhole Type: Chert	Quarry	precious	no protected area	Possibly deleted by the LfU (Oct. 2018)
Mine field at Hirschberg W of Kelheim		273G005	Hienheimer Forst position	Southern Franconian Alb	On the spur between Altmühl and the Danube, there are several excavation pit fields as witnesses to historical ore mining. So-called floor ores (iron hydroxide concretions) that were already mined by the Celts for iron production are enriched in the residual clay of the Alb cover. The Iron Age quarries can be recognized as wide, irregular pits, deep funnel pits come from mining shafts of the early Middle Ages. The field at the Keltenwall is an example of a mining field.	100000 500 × 200	Type: Pinge field Type: Iron / manganese ore, clay, sand	no information	significant	Nature reserve, ground monument, landscape protection area
Stalactite cave Schulerloch (show cave)	more pictures	273H001	Essing position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Große Schulerloch, which can be safely visited as a show cave, is one of the longest caves in the area of the Lower Altmühltal with a measured passage length of 420 m. The largest room in the cave covers almost 800 m² and is 8 m high. The cave has interesting stalactite decorations in places. Scientific excavations in the cave sediment yielded not only bone finds from Ice Age animals, but also archaeological finds from the Paleolithic and Mesolithic as well as the Bronze Age.	1260 420 × 3	Type: Karst Horizontal Cave Type: Limestone	cave	precious	Nature reserve, natural monument, landscape protection area
Bottomless pit NE of Ihrlerstein		273H002	Frauenforst position	Southern Franconian Alb	The bottomless pit is less of a sinkhole than a shaft cave. It is an approximately 35 m deep shaft with a 3–4 m wide opening. The funnel-shaped opening is in the green sandstone, after 6 m the limit to the Jura mass limestone is reached. Here the shaft expands to 7–9 m. From this depth onwards there is an increasing narrowing. The sole is filled with loose material. The Grundlose Grube belongs to the younger (Quaternary) age karst phenomena. The Grundlose Grube is an important bat roost throughout Europe. In order to maintain the cave as a year-round habitat, there is therefore a YEAR-ROUND BAN! Speleology research is possible in individual cases, but requires a special permit. The contact person is the Lower Nature Conservation Authority at the Kelheim District Office.	315 35 × 9	Type: Karst shaft cave Type: Limestone	no information	precious	FFH area
Klausenhöhlen W of Neuessing	more pictures	273H003	Essing position	Southern Franconian Alb	On the rocky slope opposite Essing, several caves and half-caves (Abri) follow one another in layers. The caves document various stages of deepening of the karst water table, coupled with the deepening of the Altmühl-Danube. The hall-like Klausen caves are among the most important ice age sites in Bavaria. A 70 m long, winding corridor connects to the vestibule at the uppermost western hermitage.	3500 70 × 50	Type: Karst Horizontal Cave, Animal Fossils Type: Limestone	cave	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area, bird sanctuary
Sulfur springs in the Sippenauer Moor SE of Mitterfecking	more pictures	273Q001	Hall on the Danube position	Southern Franconian Alb	On the southern edge of the Feckinger Valley, around 20 smaller springs with discharges of up to 5 l / s arise. The spring water, which has a distinct smell of hydrogen sulphide (H ₂ S) as a special feature , comes from the karstified Malm under the Molasse basin. The springs trace a fault zone where the malt lime board has broken and which provides good transport routes for the karst water. Characteristic white bacterial lawns line the watercourses of the sulphurous waters.	4 2 × 2	Type: Constriction Source Type: Limestone	no information	especially valuable	Nature reserve, FFH area
Karst spring in Gundlfing	more pictures	273Q002	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The karst spring, which is located near the source area to power a mill, is the outlet point of an extensive karst water system in the Malm limestone. Attempts at marking show the connection between the source and sinkholes in the Perletzhofen area. The flow rate is an average of 35 l / s, but can rise to many 100 l / s in the event of breakthroughs in temporarily blocked sinkholes.	40 8 × 5	Type: Constriction Source Type: Limestone	no information	precious	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Blautopf Weihermühle NW from Essing	more pictures	273Q003	Essing position	Southern Franconian Alb	At the valley level at the foot of the rocky slope, karst water emerges in a spring pot several meters deep, which flows directly into the Altmühl in a small stream. The mean flow rate is approx. 300 l / s. The karst spring Weihermühle shows the greatest difference between low and high water levels of the springs in the lower Altmühltal. The substances were detected in the source in marking tests with inputs from tracers at Painten, Grafenstadl, Keilsdorf.	96 12 × 8	Type: Constriction Source Type: Limestone	no information	precious	Bird sanctuary, nature park
Petersbrunnen in Deising	more pictures	273Q004	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	In Deising, a karst spring emerges below the church just above the bottom of the Altmühltal. The mean flow rate is 350 l / s. Part of the spring outlet is blocked, the remaining water flows out of two spring funnels in the adjoining brook bed (trout farm). Marking tests have shown that the plateau to the west of the Petersbrunnen in Deising drains.	75 25 × 3	Type: Constriction Source Type: Limestone	no information	significant	Natural park
Dolomite rock with ruins Tachenstein W von Riedenburg	more pictures	273R001	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The rock massif represents the weathered remnant of a wide-span reef dome made of dolomite (Malm Delta). The ruin already stands on the thick-banked Dolomites of the Malm Epsilon. The remains of caves and karst phenomena can be seen below the ruins. The cave ruins are the remains of a fossil, high-lying karst system.	30000 300 × 100	Type: rock castle, karst halfway / natural bridge, rock tower / needle Type: dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Natural monument, landscape protection area, FFH area
Frauenstein S from Riedenburg		273R002	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Frauenstein is a rounded, weathered dolomite block with a rock needle sitting on it. A statue of the Virgin Mary is placed in a rock niche.	15 5 × 3	Type: Rock tower / needle Type: Dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	inferior	Natural monument, landscape protection area, FFH area
Lookout rock N of Obereggersberg		273R003	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Schlossfelsen Untereggersberg is a striking dolomite rock on the Altmühl-Prallhang. In the Upper Jurassic, a shallow sea with reef areas and basins covered the area of today's Franconian Alb. During the Malm Delta the massive reefs reached their greatest extent. The rocks, which were transformed into dolomite in the course of diagenesis, are now carved out as rock towers and give the landscape of the lower Altmühltal its unique character.	800 40 × 20	Type: Felsburg Type: Dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape reserve, bird sanctuary, nature park
Armchair rock wall near Neuessing	more pictures	273R004	Essing position	Southern Franconian Alb	Imposing mass limestone rock face with a reef dome structure. The vertical fracturing of the rock creates tower-shaped weathering forms. Coves and rock roofs at the foot of the rock face (immediately behind the houses) are due to the erosion of the Altmühldonau. Paleolithic finds were made in the half caves. The wall itself is a disruption surface.	37000 370 × 100	Type: rock wall / slope, karst halfway / natural bridge Type: limestone	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Weltenburger narrow	more pictures	273R005	Kelheim position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Weltenburger Enge is interpreted as an epigenetic breakthrough valley of a Pleistocene Altmühl-Danube tributary (Ingolstadt Albsaumfluss). The Danube itself has only been using this valley for around 70,000 years. The narrow valley is bounded by high massive rock walls in which smaller caves have been developed. As early as 1840, King Ludwig I ordered that the Weltenburger Narrows be preserved. This makes the NSG Weltenburger Enge both the first nature reserve in Bavaria and the longest-serving geotope. In 1978 the NSG was also awarded the European Diploma.	2200000 5500 × 400	Type: breakthrough valley, rock wall / slope, karst horizontal cave Type: Limestone	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	especially valuable	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 13
Castle rock Prunn N of Nusshausen	more pictures	273R006	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	Prunn Palace is enthroned on a striking limestone rock that rises high above the Altmühltal. The rocks were formed in the Upper Jurassic in the Malm delta and epsilon. The higher parts probably extend into the Malm zeta. The rocks made of plump rock limestone near Prunn are among the most important landscape-shaping elements of the lower Altmühltal. From the castle rock you have a wide view over the Altmühltal.	80000 800 × 100	Type: Rock Castle Type: Limestone	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Sippenauer Moor ESE from Mitterfecking	more pictures	273R007	Hall on the Danube position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Sippenauer Moor (or Moos) in Feckinger Tal is a low moor with littered meadows, reed areas and sparse trees. It is fed by a large number of sources, especially on its southwestern edge. High hydrogen sulfide contents in the springs favored the deposition of sapropeles (digested sludge) within the peat formations.	120000 600 × 200	Type: fen, constriction source Type: peat	no information	significant	Nature reserve, FFH area
Falkenhorstfelsen W of Jachenhausen		273R008	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The Falkenhorstfelsen, a rock spur made of reef dolomite on the Altmühl-Prallhang, is one of the many rock towers that give the Altmühltal its unmistakable appearance and make up the charm of the landscape.	3000 150 × 20	Type: Rock tower / needle Type: Dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Nature park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Schlossberg Rosenburg near Riedenburg	more pictures	273R009	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	The reef formation that has progressed since the lower Malm led to extensive reefs in the area around Riedenburg. Reef formers were mainly sponge and algae colonies. The reef dolomite rocks on the Schlossberg trace the shape of the former sponge reef with indistinct layer joints.	30000 300 × 100	Type: Felsburg Type: Dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Devil's Rock SW of Alkofen		273R010	Bad Abbach position	Southern Franconian Alb	Approx. 200 m long and 60 m high rock face in massive reef limestone on the former Danube slope. The rock consists of massive sponge algae reef limestone with transitions to Kelheim limestone (fossil rubble limestone). A rock fall occurred in the southern part of the rock, which is criss-crossed by caves.	400 200 × 2	Type: Rock wall / slope, Rock fall Type: Limestone	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Natural monument
Dunes in Seeholz NW of Offenstetten	more pictures	273R011	Abensberg position	Danube-Isar hill country	In the Seeholz between Abensberg and Offenstetten there are remains of an extensive dune landscape from the late to postglacial on high terrace gravel (Altabens terrace). The geomorphological treasure trove has been preserved under the forest cover (as opposed to agricultural areas). The dunes are mainly designed as line dunes facing WE, but there are also transverse and sickle dunes. After W, the relief forms flatten to form flat-waved drifting sand covers.	140000 700 × 200	Type: Dune field Type: Sand	no information	significant	Nature reserve, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 78
Dunes W of Siegenburg		273R012	Siegenburg position	Danube-Isar hill country	At the edge of the Abenstal, in the east of the Dürnbuch forest, you come across a large field of sand dunes. At the end of the Pleistocene and early Holocene, a dry, cold climate with strong westerly winds favored the formation of drifting sand dunes. A large part of the dunes here are designed as line dunes, which are parallel to the prevailing wind direction in west-east direction, but also cross and sickle dunes occur.	150,000 750 × 200	Type: Dune field Type: Sand	no information	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Hopfenbachfall WSW from Großmuß		273R015	Hall on the Danube position	Danube-Isar hill country	The Hopfenbach, which rises in the Upper Miocene gravels and sands southeast of Bachl, seeps away at a creek subsurface where the water reaches the karstification-capable Malm limestone. The Hopfenabchtal continues as a dry valley. Depending on the water flow, the stream disappears in a sinkhole with almost no backwater or accumulates to form a larger lake area. Above-ground drainage through the Hopfenbachtal is only carried out when there is a very high water supply.	25 5 × 5	Type: Stream shrinkage Type: Clay, marl, limestone	no information	precious	no protected area
Kallmünzer in Jachenhausener Grund		273R016	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	On the northern slope at height 532.9, NE of Jachenhausen, there are six cubic meter-sized blocks of silicified Cretan sandstone (Kallmünzer).	2000 50x40	Type: Relic Rocks Type: Quartz Sandstone	block	significant	Landscape protection area
Gorge with caves SE of Riedenburg		273R017	Riedenburg position	Southern Franconian Alb	Between Prunn and Einthal, the Altmühl forms a gorge with several rock exposures up to 40 m high and some small caves. The caves in the Franconian dolomite were evidently already inhabited in the early Paleolithic. A regional hiking trail (Altmühltal-Panoramaweg) opens up the gorge and the gorge cave.	36000 400 × 90	Type: Klamm Type: Dolomite stone	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Former gravel pit on Steinleite W of Landshut		274A001	Altdorf position	Danube-Isar hill country	The 35 m high outcrop shows a profile of the northern full gravel with sands, silts, marls and gravels, some of which are baked into nail flukes and contain individual iron hydroxide bands. There are new buildings in front of the outcrop wall. Only the lowest part of the partially overgrown and collapsed exposure wall is accessible.	1500 50 × 30	Type: Rock Type: Gravel, Conglomerate	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Gravel pit on the Kaltellerberg SW of Mettenbach		274A003	Essenbach position	Danube-Isar hill country	In the outcrop there is a marl horizon widespread in the Landshut area within the northern full gravel (up to 2 m thick). This grips discordantly over an erosion relief of the horizontally, sometimes diagonally layered gravel. From the surface, deep, clay-filled pockets of weathering dig into the gravel, which overlay the marl horizon. The outcrop begins to grow (2003).	600 30 × 20	Type: Discordance, Soil Profile Type: Gravel, Marl	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Former Tiefenbach gravel pit		274A004	Tiefenbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	Most of the former gravel pit has collapsed and overgrown, and the remaining outcrops are difficult to access. Gravel from the northern full gravel was extracted, the outcrops showed a typical sedimentation pattern with cross and inclined stratification, conglomerate and sandstone layers. Reuter blocks were also described from the break, foreign Malmkalk lumps that are associated with the Ries event or volcanic activity.	800 40 × 20	Type: Layer sequence Type: gravel, sand, conglomerate	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Former gravel pit Großmaulberg SE from Vilsbiburg		274A008	Vilsbiburg position	Isar-Inn hill country	The sediments exposed in the former gravel pit are placed in the Moldanubian series of the Upper Upper Freshwater Molasse. The pit is completely overgrown apart from two smaller outcrops. In the past, cylindrical cavities in the sediment could be seen on the former excavation wall in sloping sands (feldspar and biotite leading, with iron hydroxide impregnation), which indicated that driftwood had been stored. A leaf flora was found in clay lenses.	2400 120 × 20	Type: Sedimentary structures, Vegetable fossils Type: Sand	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Former gravel pit on Klausenberg W von Achdorf		274A009	Tiefenbach position	Paar-Isar region	The outcrop in the higher part of the Northern Full Gravel with a boulder spectrum of quartz, limestone, crystalline rocks and clastic and pebbly sediments shows the typical sedimentation pattern of a Miocene river system with an alpine catchment area. A tooth fragment of an elephant-like (Gomphotherium) was found in the rubble. The former pit wall has now largely collapsed and overgrown. Information can only be found in the uppermost area.	1600 80 × 20	Type: Rock, Animal Fossils Type: Gravel	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Doberlöcher W from Eck		274G001	Kröning position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the area there are shallow pits as evidence of a former clay mining. Clays from the hanging wall series of the Upper Freshwater Molasse were mined for use as a ceramic raw material. The clays formed the basis of a pottery trade that flourished for centuries in the area of the Kröning (Kröninger Hafnerware) and of small farm brickworks. The clays were deposited in still water areas (backwaters, small lakes and ponds at the edge of rivers) and are designed as small-scale lenses.	3000 100 × 30	Type: Pinging field Type: Sound	no information	significant	no protected area
Hill slide on Enzelsberg (Schlösselberg NE from Hüttenkofen)		274R001	Niederaichbach position	Paar-Isar region	The 50 m wide landslide on the Isar steep slope developed on a marl horizon, which was additionally moistened by the springs attached to it. At the demolition niche, the sediments (gravel, sand, marl) of the northern gravel are still exposed. However, the outcrop is growing over and difficult to reach. The landslide masses appear as bulges. The unsettled relief of the slope indicates that landslides have taken place here more often.	4000 80 × 50	Type: landslide, layer source Type: clay marl, gravel	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	no protected area
High Burg NE of Wolfsbach		274R002	Niederaichbach position	Paar-Isar region	Northern full gravel is on the steep valley flank (former impact slope) of the Isar valley. The gravel sequence consists of an alternating sequence of gravel and sand, in which marl is also included. The marls at the level of the betonite horizon have increased contents of swellable clay minerals, which favors landslides. Below the castle stables, the sediments are exposed on a several meter high edge of a landslide.	20000 200 × 100	Type: Impact slope, landslide Type: Gravel, sand, marl	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Natural monument, FFH area
Terraces in the Aichbachtal near Reichersdorf		274R003	Niederaichbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	Above the current course of the stream, three terrace levels can be distinguished in the Aichbachtal between Wimm and Niederaichbach. The three terrace levels (late worm period to sub-recent) can be parallelized with terraces in the Isar valley, the old town (late worm period), the Lerchenfeld (Roman period to early medieval) and the alluvial forest level (sub-recent, 19th / 20th century).	12000 800 × 15	Type: Terrace Type: Gravel	no information	significant	no protected area
Terrace S by Ried		274R004	Bruckberg position	Danube-Isar hill country	The Isar valley between Moosburg and to the east of Landshut is accompanied on the left by leveling areas that are clearly set off from the tertiary hill country, the cracked glacial high terrace. This high terrace is particularly striking between Bruckberg and Gündlkofen. Compared to the late-worm glacial and Holocene Isartal soils, it forms a strikingly high terrain level there. At Ried, the edge of the terrace traces the meander loop of an earlier course of the Isar as a rebound slope.	6000 300 × 20	Type: terrace, impact slope Type: gravel	no information	significant	no protected area
Schwalbengraben E from Niederaichbach		274R005	Niederaichbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	The Schwalbengraben is a steep-walled brook valley, cut into the right bank of the Isar, which is formed as a Kerbtal in the upper reaches and as a Kerbsohlental in the lower reaches. The stream is fed by several permanent and periodic sources. In the upper reaches, the gravel of the upper freshwater molasse is exposed in some places due to erosion on impact slopes. In the lower reaches an alluvial cone has formed through gravel up to the Isar floodplain. The stream seeps away here in its own gravel bed.	60000 3000 × 20	Type: Kerbtal, Prallhang, Terrace Type: Gravel	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	FFH area
Southern Isar valley slope NE of Landshut		274R006	Niederaichbach position	Paar-Isar region	The partial erosion slope on the Isar valley was created during the Pleistocene (possibly from the Mindel glacial period). There are no cold-age terrace sediments. These were probably completely cleared out during the Würm glacial period. The steep slope is largely in northern gravel. Stratified springs emerge on marl and silt horizons, sometimes with limestone tufa deposits (e.g. river km 57.2 and 57.8 [= 274R007]). On the steep valley slopes, landslides occur again and again.	50000 1000 × 50	Type: Impact slope, sinter formation, layer source, landslide Type: marl, gravel, tufa	no information	precious	FFH area
Tufa formations on the Kellerberg NE of Niederaichbach		274R007	Niederaichbach position	Paar-Isar region	Several small brooks arise from a stratified spring (wide outlet zone, with an old spring socket), where tufa limestone is excreted. Both wall-like and flat tufa formations occur. Sometimes they form channels in which the water flows off. The tufa cushions are up to 1 m thick. Both organic and inorganic processes play a role in the precipitation of lime from the groundwater. Mosses and algae are involved in building up the tuff.	20 5 × 4	Type: Sinter formation, layer source type: Tufa	no information	significant	FFH area
Gravel bank for gold mining on the Isar near Niederaichbach		274R008	Niederaichbach position	Paar-Isar region	Below the Kellerberg east of Niederaichbach, a headland has been preserved in the straightened and diked Isar. The comparison with the first recording from the 19th century shows that this is the relic of a gravel bank that was located in the middle of the then untamed Isar. Reports about the gold panning process on the Isar and about gold panners based in Goldern - 2 km south - make it probable that the precious metal was also panned at this gravel bank after the annual spring floods. Traces of it are of course no longer preserved. With the straightening of the course of the river for land reclamation and flood protection from the end of the 19th century, the landings of gravel and soap gold ended, and gold panning also ended. In the agriculturally used or built-up floodplain north of the Isar, the old river meanders can still be seen today in the digital terrain model from laser scan data.	12000 300 × 40	Type: alluvial fan, meander, soap laundry Type: gravel, sand	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	FFH area
Isar rapids seven ribs near Bruckbergerau		274R009	Bruckberg position	Paar-Isar region	To the west of the motorway bridge, the Isar flows through striking rapids caused by conglomerate ribs in the river bed. The tertiary molasse gravel is solidified into conglomerate here. This is possibly related to the fault zone of the Landshut-Neuöttinger demolition underground. This is the only place on the Middle and Lower Isar where the river bed consists of solid rock. At river km 87.4 there is an information board next to the cycle path on the northern bank. Here you can also take a path down to the shore.	9000 150 × 60	Type: waterfall, stream / river course, Härtling, sedimentary structures Type: conglomerate	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area, bird sanctuary
Merckenschlager S quarry in Fürstenstein		275A001	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	The former quarry shows various forms of intrusion of younger granites (Tittlinger and Saldenburg granite) into the older quartz mica diorite in an unusually high contrast. The penetration of the granites in a broad front and in corridors has led to different contact phenomena with decomposition into clods, partial, marginal and complete assimilation of the diorite by the granites. The various contact phenomena can be seen impressively in the break.	8400 120 × 70	Type: Contact, Rock Type: Quartz Diorite, Granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former quarry Hilgersberg SE from Philippswart		275A002	Hofkirchen position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry, migmatic gneiss is exposed. Different stages of migmatization, i.e. the partial to complete re-melting of the gneiss, can be studied there. The gneisses show z. T. Loss of texture, a separation of the darker and lighter mineral components and a streaky structure. The end product is massive, granite-like rocks.	1950 65 × 30	Type: Rock Type: Gneiss	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Former quarry at Wimhof		275A003	Vilshofen position	Passau Forest	In the heavily overgrown quarry, migmatic gneisses, dolomite marbles, granitoids (aplitic to pegmatitic) and calcareous silicate horn rocks are exposed. The quarry is known for its formerly rich mineral finds linked to contact paragenesis. Today the mineral paragenesis can only be seen in the handpiece in the microscopic range.	300 30 × 10	Type: Minerals, Contact, Metamorphic Structure Type: Gneiss, Marble	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Rathsmannsdorf marble quarry		275A004	Windorf position	Passau Forest	In the eastern part of the quarry, a coarse, gray-white, banded marble is exposed. Granite-like rocks can be found in contact with the marble as lenses and ribbons. The rocks are folded and deformed. Almost only the upper level of the quarry is accessible. Access to the lower walls is made difficult by a pond. The western part of the quarry is now a material store.	800 40 × 20	Type: rock type, contact, fold / trough / saddle type: marble, anatexite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former marble quarry Hausbach ESE von Zeitlarn		275A005	Vilshofen position	Passau Forest	In the partially collapsed and overgrown quarry there is a graphite-rich, banded marble. Calcium silicate rock lenses are embedded at the edge. The banding of the marble (falling 50 degrees N) is evident from the weathering on the old quarry walls. The starting material for the metamorphic rock was a marly, organic sediment.	150 30 × 5	Type: Rock Type , Contact Type: Marble, Granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Quarry Buchet E von Fürstenstein		275A006	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry, various granites and diorites of the Fürstenstein granite massif are exposed in contact with one another. Among other things, a very fine-grained diorite with titanium stain formation (= titanium stain diorite) and fine to medium-grained Tittlingen granite can be seen. The rocks are traversed by different generations of aplitic and pegmatitic dikes. The break serves as a sculptor's exhibition area (stone and metal sculptures).	1600 80 × 20	Type: Rock Type: Diorite, Granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former quarry W of Kalkberg		275A007	Fürstenzell position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the Kalkberg quarry, the only Jura profile on the southern border of the upcoming Moldanubic is exposed. The adjacent Kalkberger disturbance causes a steep section up to overturning of the layers. The crystalline rocks north of the fault are not exposed in the fracture. The rocks of the Jura can be seen: crinoid limestone (Dogger beta), marl and limestone marl (Malm alpha) and pebble limestone (Malm beta).	4000 100 × 40	Type: Standard / Reference Profile, Disturbance Type: Limestone	Quarry	especially valuable	no protected area
Former quarry N of Grögöd		275A010	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry, gneisses from the so-called Kropfmühl series (colorful group) and gangue granite are to be found. The gneisses are heavily folded, anatectic overprinted and contain abundant deposits of calcium silicate, amphibolite, metacarbonate and ultrabasite. The gneisses are covered or penetrated by fine-grain granite. The granite partially has reddish andalusite needles. The structure, mineralization and contact phenomena can be clearly observed on the fracture walls and blocks.	3400 85 × 40	Type: rock type, metamorphic structure, contact type: amphibolite, granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Molasse outcrop S from Kößlarn		275A011	Kößlarn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The exposure shows the lower Oncophora layers (brackish water molasses) with flour sands, the Schill horizon and mica sands. The exposed layer structure shows the transition from the deeper, coastal to the shallow littoral sedimentation area. The outgrowth is of great importance for understanding the silting process of the brackish water molasses.	200 20 × 10	Type: Layer sequence, Animal fossils, Sedimentary structures Type: Sand	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Gneiss blocks NW from Hacklmühle		275A013	Ortenburg position	Isar-Inn hill country	The gneiss blocks mark the south-westerly occurrence of the Moldanubian basement in this area. They were raised at the Wolfach fault compared to the Ortenburg subsidence field. The gneiss blocks lying on the meadow near the swimming pool come from road construction. There are more gneiss blocks in the embankment.	2 2 × 1	Type: fault, rock type, relict rock type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	block	precious	no protected area
Kerber SW quarry from Stützersdorf		275A017	Tittling position	Passau Forest	In the quarry, Tittlinger and Saldenburger granite are exposed to cold contact. The northern part of the break (Kerber company) has now been abandoned. On the lowest level there is a lake (used as diving water). The contact between the older fine to medium-grained Tittlinger and the younger, coarse-grained Saldenburg granite can be seen in large blocks. The southern part of the break (Kusserwerk Höhenberg) is still active. Contact is currently open there (2003).	12500 250 × 50	Type: Rock type, Minerals Type: Alkali feldspar granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former Kohlbruch SE from Obernzell		275A018	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	Gümbel first described the pseudofossil Eozoon Bavaricum in the former marble quarry. In fact, it is a regulated intergrowth of forsterite and calcite, known as ophicalcite. A cavity in the quarry wall comes from a former pegmatite, from which feldspar and scapolite were extracted.	800 40 × 20	Type: Minerals, Rock Type: Marble, Gneiss, Pegmatite	Quarry	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Former quarry in Spiesbrunn		275A020	Breitenberg position	Passau Forest	In the quarry, an approx. 5 m thick storage corridor made of fine-grain granite that penetrated between migmatitic gneisses with metabasic inclusions was excavated. The excavation followed the granite-gneiss bearing surface. This contact area - a cold, sharp contact - is exposed over several hundred square meters. This base surface shows gneiss with a fibrous structure, the layers of light and dark components dissolve in streaks up to a random structure.	4800 120 × 40	Type: Contact, Metamorphic Structure Type: Granite, Gneiss	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Road profile N from Spechting		275A021	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	The road cut above Spechting opens up a profile through the so-called colorful group of the Moldanubic. In the colorful group there are various other metamorphic rocks such as amphibolite, marble, calcium silicate rock and graphite slate in addition to the paragneiss. At Spechting, layer gneisses (partially folded isoclinally) with layers of graphite slate and calcareous silicate rocks are developed. A porphyrite storage tunnel cuts through the rocks (horizontal band a few meters above the ground).	1000 200 × 5	Type: Type of rock, sequence of layers, metamorphic structure Type: biotite-plagioclase-gneiss, metamorphic calcium silicate rock	embankment	precious	no protected area
Amphibolite at the summit of the Ruhmannsberg NE von Röhrendobel		275A022	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	The summit of the Ruhmannsberg is formed by a small rock cliff made of amphibolite. Two different varieties are open: a fine-grained and a coarse-grained amphibolite, which are forfeited with one another. Some of the rocks also have a layered appearance with light and dark bands. Basic volcanic rocks can be used as starting rocks for the amphibolites. A rib made of fine-grain granite is exposed just a little north of the summit.	100 10 × 10	Type: Rock Type: Amphibolite	Rock slope / cliff	significant	no protected area
Sand pit NE of Hirschenberg		275A023	Wegscheid position	Passau Forest	In the sand pit, deeply weathered diatexites (partially melted gneiss) are exposed under an approx. 2 m thick layer of walking rubble made of granite and diorite. The rocks are completely decomposed over the entire outcrop, so that they can be mined like sand. The structural features of the rock, such as B. the cleft network, but are completely preserved. The gneiss substitute is evidence of intense chemical weathering during the Tertiary.	30 15 × 2	Type: Rock type: Gneiss gravel, granite, diorite	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Road exposure in Breitenberg		275A024	Breitenberg position	Passau Forest	The road outcrop in Breitenberg gives an insight into the different structures of a migmatite with numerous gneiss relics (= nebulitic gneiss). Open-minded is z. B. a migmatite with a random structure that has penetrated as mobilisate between small gneiss clods. In the course of the geological history of these rocks, feldspar sprouting occurred to varying degrees. A narrow granite corridor can be seen at the northern end of the embankment.	40 40 × 1	Type: Rock type, Metamorphic structure Type: Migmatite	embankment	significant	no protected area
Former marl pit NE Neuhofen		275A025	Tettenweis position	Isar-Inn hill country	Today's outcrop near Neuhofen, a cut on the valley flank, lies directly in the area of the former marl pit, which gave the name of the marl succession of the Neuhofen layers (type locality). The Neuhofen layers, sediments of the Upper Sea Molasse, consist of light gray-white marls, silts and sand marls. Macrofossils, especially mussel shells, and microfauna are evidence of the marine deposit environment. The pit is type locality for some microfossils.	18 6 × 3	Type: Type locality, Animal fossils Type: Marl	Clay pit / clay pit / marl pit	precious	no protected area
Former granite quarry in Büchlberg		275A032	Büchlberg position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry on Büchlberg, fine to medium-grain two-mica granite (corresponds to Hauzenberger Granite I) was once mined. The rock, which is greyish-white when fresh, has a slightly yellowish smell. On the exposed walls you can see that the weathering has penetrated to different depths. The granite quarry, framed on all sides by the remaining walls, on the deepest floor of which there is a lake today, is a natural monument and is located in a landscape conservation area.	10000 100 × 100	Type: Rock Type: Granite	Quarry	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area
Lime silicate rocks SW of Schörgendorf		275A033	Thyrnau position	Passau Forest	At the lower end of the trench, which reaches the Danube at river kilometer 2218, a small rock wall opens up banded calcium silicate rocks with numerous metamorphic structures. The rock shows a tight, narrow band. Occasionally, isoclinal folds can be seen. Quartz and amphibolite appear as crooks or elongated lenses. Small aplit passages cut through the layered structure. The outcrop is somewhat overgrown and therefore not easily accessible during the vegetation phase.	40 20 × 2	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: Calcium silicate rock, gneiss, aplite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Former quarry N von Schauberg		275A034	Sun position	Passau Forest	Fine to medium-grain biotite granite was mined in the former quarry. The northern wall of the quarry opens up an approx. 1 m thick dark porphyrite dike. The porphyrite is sometimes very bright. The corridor was only partially dismantled. Therefore, the noticeably different fracture behavior of granite (extensive network of fissures, large blocks) and porphyrite (close-meshed network of fissures, small-block, sharp-edged rubble) can be clearly seen on the wall.	900 30 × 30	Type: rock type, contact type: granite, andesite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Quarry at Ochsenberg S von Fürstenstein		275A037	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	In the quarry at Ochsenberg, the multiphase penetration of magmas of various compositions can be seen particularly well on the basis of different appearances and colors. The Tittlingen granite (medium gray) breaks down the titanite patch granodiorite (dark gray) into rounded clods. When both types of rock had solidified, biotite-muscovite granite (light gray) penetrated and split the older rocks into angular clods. Younger, bright aplites and pegmatites cut through all older rocks. The quarry is privately owned and can be viewed on weekdays after registering in the company office (Thiele).	15000 150 × 100	Type: Igneous structure, type locality, type of rock Type: granodiorite, aplite, pegmatite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Road embankment SE Weiding		275A038	Neukirchen in front of the forest position	Passau Forest	This area is characterized by relatively light-colored diatexites, which have green hornblende and amphibolite clods.	9801 99 × 99	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: Migmatite, amphibolite	embankment	significant	no protected area
Schachet quarry - Hauzenberg granite center	more pictures	275A039	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	In the Schachet quarry, blue-gray Hauzenberg granodiorite was mined from 1885 to 1984 and marketed worldwide. Today the granite center of the Bavarian Forest is located in this quarry. Radiometric dating of the rock from this fracture revealed an age of approximately 320 million years.	5000 100 × 50	Type: Rock, Quarry / Pit Type: Granodiorite	Quarry	precious	no protected area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 89
Serpentinite exposure at Oberilzmühle		275A040	Salzweg position	Passau Forest	East of the Ilz is one of the rare outcrops of serpentinite at the dam of the electricity works and on the access road over a length of around 40 meters in rock exemptions and the road embankment. In the embankment, the pale green to whitish beige, heavily fissured rock is partly heavily weathered. In addition, fibrous chrysotile is also exposed. In the area of the dam, light beige to light gray Mylonites are exposed. These mylonites were created by movements at the Danube fault, during which the highly metamorphic diatexites were severely deformed with decreasing temperatures.	200 40 × 5	Type: metamorphic structure, rock type: serpentinite, mylonite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Graphite mining in Kropfmühl		275G001	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	Germany's only graphite deposit is located near Kropfmühl. The field has an area of approx. 4 × 1 km. The graphite is mined underground in seams that are up to 6 m thick (graphite content up to 30 percent). The graphite occurs in the seams, as well as in the non-mineable adjacent rock (gneiss, marbles), as flakes up to 2 mm in size. The extraction of graphite has taken place since Celtic times.	0 not specified	Type: tunnel, shaft, steelworks / smelting furnace, minerals, rock type: Gneiss, marble	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	precious	no protected area
Mining traces near Haagwies and Pfaffenreuth		275G002	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	A large fracture field near Haagwies with dilapidated shafts, pings and heaps is evidence of brisk mining activity. Numerous individual mining sites were later combined into one field. The former network of tunnels is connected to the mining operations at Kropfmühl that are active today. The eternity tunnel is used for water retention. The wooden building of the Scherlesreuther shaft was renewed. Information boards explain the history of mining. Mining traces can also be found between Pfaffenreuth and Steinbichl (Stierweide mining field with large heaps) and near Pfaffenreuth (funnel pit field, before the 19th century).	37500 250 × 150	Type: Pinge / nfeld Type: biotite plagioclase gneiss, gneiss, calcium silicate rock	no information	significant	no protected area
Funnel pit field in the Steinkartforst N of Bad Griesbach		275G003	Bad Griesbach in the Rottal position	Isar-Inn hill country	So-called funnel pit fields can be found in several places in the stone kart forest as evidence of old iron ore mining. Funnel pits are round to oval, closed hollow shapes. Between them there are small walls and mounds made of the excavated material. Iron ore concretions were extracted from the pits, which are enriched in damming layers in the residual quartz gravel or at the top of the full gravel. The mining took place from about 250 BC. To 1200 AD. The funnel pit field is a ground monument.	10000 100 × 100	Type: Pinge field Type: Iron / manganese ore, gravel	no information	significant	Ground monument
Mining traces in the church wood N of Frauenmühle an der Gaißa		275G004	Tiefenbach position	Passau Forest	A breakdown on graphite has left impressive traces in the church wood N by Frauenmühle. Between about 350 and 390 m altitude, the slope (in the forest, directly at the tree line) shows a noticeably restless morphology. Between scattered funnel-shaped pits, the remains of collapsed shafts, piles of spoil pile up like irregular ridges. The former graphite mining in church wood is much further west than all other known mining traces in the Passau Forest.	8000 100 × 80	Type: Pinge / nfeld, Halde Type: Gneiss	no information	significant	no protected area
Grübenfeld gold mining near Eppendorf		275G005	Witzmannsberg position	Passau Forest	Up to 5 m high soap mounds in a Grübenfeld near Eppendorf are traces of a presumably medieval gold panning. The gold was washed from a paleo soap. A Tertiary Ur-Ilz brought gold from the Rachel area and deposited it. The largest gold nugget in Bavaria with a diameter of over one centimeter was found here recently. The property is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-7246-0161).	308000 770 × 400	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Gravel	Ping	precious	Ground monument
Sulfur spring in Bad Höhenstadt		275Q001	Fürstenzell position	Isar-Inn hill country	Because of the two sulfur springs, east and west of the Kurhaus, the spa was built in Höhenstadt in 1713. Votive tablets show, however, that the effectiveness of the two sources was known long before. The sources are collected. They get their main inflow from a depth of 15 m. The genesis of these mineral waters has not yet been clarified. The spring water smells noticeably of hydrogen sulfide.	0 not specified	Type: Mineral Spring Type: Sand, Marl	no information	significant	no protected area
High stone W from Fürstenstein Castle		275R001	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	The summit cliffs made of Saldenburg granite show pronounced weathering of wool sacks and mattresses. There are several block streams at the foot of the rock castle. Cliffs and block currents are the results of erosion, especially through soil flow and weathering in the periglacial space (permafrost region) of the past cold ages. They are typical for higher elevations in the low mountain range between the icing areas.	4000 80 × 50	Type: Felsburg, Wollsackbildung, Blockstrom Type: Granite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	no protected area
Boulder Hoher Stein SE from Höch		275R003	Neuburg am Inn position	Passau Forest	The large round boulder made of pearl gneiss lies at the edge of several fish ponds. The rock is medium to coarse-grained, flaky in layers with rounded cracks and mafic streaks (visible on the south side of the block). The location in a brook valley with flat slopes identifies the block as the erosion residue of a Pleistocene solifluctic blanket.	40 8 × 5	Type: Boulder Type: Gneiss, Granite	block	significant	no protected area
Mushrooms in the Steinkart E forest from Freiling		275R004	Haarbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the former gravel pit in residual quartz gravel (freshwater molasses), the hard quartz conglomerate bank above was undercut from three sides. The mushroom-like rock formation, the rock mushroom, emerged. The erosion process continues through erosion, so that currently the conglomerates (hat of the mushroom) protrude 3 to 4 m above the base (stem of the mushroom) from loose quartz gravel. The binding agent of this residual gravel is almost completely decomposed (kaolinized).	35 7 × 5	Type: rock wall / slope, eruption / weathering cave Type: conglomerate	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Teufelsstein NE by Tittling		275R005	Tittling position	Passau Forest	According to legend, the boulder made of migmatic gneisses was used by the devil as a projectile on a new church building (handprint from weathered inclusions).	3 3 × 1	Type: Boulder Type: Gneiss	block	significant	no protected area
Vornbacher Enge NE of Vornbach	more pictures	275R006	Neuburg am Inn position	Passau Forest	The Vornbacher Enge is interpreted as a Pleistocene breakthrough valley. The valley of the Inn narrows noticeably at the border between young loose rock and crystalline basement. In the Pleistocene, the river cut epigenetically into the slowly rising crystalline.	54000 1800 × 30	Type: breakthrough valley Type: Gneiss	no information	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Summit of the Eidenberger Lüssen NE from Eidenberg		275R007	Wegscheid position	Passau Forest	The summit of the Eidenberger Lüssen is built up from rocky cliffs that drop off steeply to the W from dietetic gneiss. Extensive block fields lie below the summit. The summit cliffs and boulder fields are the result of profound weathering in the Tertiary and increased erosion in the Pleistocene. In exposed locations, loosened material was removed down to the solid rock, thus exposing the cliffs. Loose blocks were transported down the slope by floor tiles.	8000 200 × 40	Type: Rock wall / slope, rocky dome Type: Gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area
Hohler Fels N von Churfürst		275R008	Haarbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	A large quartz conglomerate block is pushed over other conglomerate blocks in such a way that a large cavity has been created underneath, which was used as a dry shelter by woodworkers. Through solifluction (soil flow) during the cold ages, the clods of rock moved from their original position a little higher on the slope to their current position. The geotope is on a marked hiking trail. There are other striking blocks in the area: Dragon, Dwarf Castle, Three Giants.	80 10 × 8	Type: Boulder, Rock type, Solifluction phenomenon Type: Conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Teufelstein SW from Halmstein		275R009	Malching position	Isar-Inn hill country	The quartz conglomerate rib protrudes very conspicuously and isolated from the morphological ridge of the terrain. Former residual quartz gravel was largely silicified in the course of the diagenesis, so that today the rock consists almost exclusively of SiO ₂ . The layer surface of the steep block consists of quartzite (originally sandstone) and shows crater-like erosion forms.	40 8 × 5	Type: Boulder, Rock Type: Conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Rock ensemble NE by Jochenstein on the Donauleite		275R010	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	On the banks of the Danube, several rock ribs made of eye and pearl gneiss protrude from the slope, each ending in steep cliffs (10 to 15 m). An almost right-angled system of fractures is responsible for the cuboid shape of the towers. The block flow between the ridges also consists of strikingly geometric gneiss blocks. The cliffs allow a fantastic view of the Kerbtal of the Danube and Jochenstein (cliffs below the hiking trail, beware of the risk of falling !!!).	400 20 × 20	Type: rock group, rock tower / needle, block flow Type: gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Rock face on the Donauleite SE of Obernzell		275R011	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	To the east of Passau, the Danube has cut deeply into the crystalline subsoil. The north bank of Bavaria is accompanied by the 200 to 300 m high steep slopes of the Danube side. In the outer area of river bends, on the impact slopes, these are particularly striking. The large rock face on the Prallhang SE of Obernzell (lower area blasted free for the road) opens up a profile through rocks of the colorful group with differently formed gneisses alternating with calcium silicate rock.	5000 100 × 50	Type: Prallhang, Kerbtal, rock type: Gneiss, calcium silicate rock	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Rocks on the Aubach		275R012	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	In the exposed rock above the Aubache, there are light-colored, fine-grained, garnet-bearing rocks made of quartz and potassium feldspar, kyanite can be detected in isolated cases. These Felsic granulites show a high pressure metamorphosis around 340 Ma.	9801 99 × 99	Type: Rock wall / slope Type: Granulite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	no protected area
High moor in the Ranna valley		275R013	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	A raised bog grew up on the valley floor by the Ranna. Such oligotrophic bogs usually occur away from the valleys, predominantly fed by precipitation. The formation of the moor is here to be connected with a spring horizon on the edge of the valley.	50000 500 × 100	Type: raised bog Type: peat	no information	significant	FFH area
Gravel pit NE Kapfham		275A036	Eging at the lake position	Passau Forest	In this pit the base of the tertiary sediments is exposed over basement rock. The gneisses are badly weathered. The gravelly dominated sediment sequence begins with a horizon of blocky gneiss components (up to approx. 20 cm, now crumbling).	62700 330 × 190	Type: Type of rock, type of layers : gravel, gneiss gravel, gneiss	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Outcrop on the Burgberg in Kollnburg	more pictures	276A001	Kollnburg position	Front Bavarian Forest	On the Burgberg in Kollnburg, three common rocks south of the pile are in contact with each other. Relatively coarse-grained anatectic paragranodiorite and coarse-grained crystal granite (named after the large potassium feldspar large crystals), between which a medium-grain two-mica granite has penetrated, are exposed. Outcrops can be found around the castle hill.	32 8 × 4	Type: rock type, contact, wool sack formation Type: granodiorite, granite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Natural park
Former quarry E von Riedmühle	more pictures	276A002	Viechtach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	At the edge of the pile quartz there are 20 m thick ultramylonites, the mineral content of which shows a diaphtoritic transformation.	1200 60 × 20	Type: Rock Type: Ultramylonite	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Outcrop at the Metten SE pile		276A005	Rain position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Pile quartz was cut through the road construction. The course of the hardship's train can also be clearly seen here.	1500 150 × 10	Type: Rock type, Fault type: Vein quartz	embankment	inferior	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Former pegmatite quarry Poschingerhütte ENE von Arnbruck		276A006	Arnbruck position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Upcoming is (or was) a stick-shaped pegmatite in sharp contact with biotite-plagioclase gneisses. Although the outcrop is quite overgrown, it opens up the pegmatite very nicely. The center of the pegmatite consists of coarse quartz. Outwardly, quartz and feldspar follow, with some large feldspars, as well as areas with oriented intergrowth between quartz and feldspar (so-called font granite). The pegmatite was mined in Poschingerhütte for quartz extraction for the glass industry.	60 15 × 4	Type: Rock Type , Mineral Type: Pegmatite	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Birkenhöhe pegmatite block in Zwiesel		276A007	Zwiesel position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In the green area at the entrance to the parish center is a single pegmatite block with large quartz, feldspar and biotite crystals. In places it also contains black tourmaline. Another small block is right next to the access path. The blocks represent the last remnants of a pegmatite quarry from which the mineral Zwieselite was first described. The blocks have grown pretty much into bushes by now.	1 1 × 1	Type: Minerals Type: Pegmatite	block	significant	Natural park
Former quarry NW of Spiegelhütte		276A008	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The former quarry shows heavily folded, very variable gneisses with calcium silicate rock and marble parts. The break has now completely grown over. Rock and metamorphic structures can only be seen on a few wall areas.	80 40 × 2	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: Cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss, biotite-plagioclase-gneiss, calcium silicate rock	Quarry	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Former quarries at Geißruck N von Hausermühle		276A010	Zachenberg position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the quarry, medium-grain granite is exposed to contact with anatexites. In the contact area, the granite shows reactions such as the formation of aplit fringe and large potassium feldspar crystals. The anatexites generally have a distinct texture. There are stored e.g. Partly broken and deformed feldspar sparrows. Due to the proximity of the pile, the rock shows clear characteristics of tectonic overprinting. Due to backfilling and recultivation, only part of the quarry has survived.	1200 60 × 20	Type: rock type, contact, metamorphic structure Type: granite, anatexite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former quarry on Hieselberg NW of Hochbruck		276A011	Bischofsmais position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the former quarry on Hieselberg, dark, fine-grain quartz mica diorites are exposed. The diorites are partially traversed by quartz and aplite passages. At the edge of the contact with the host rock (anatectic gneiss), the diorite is accompanied by light granite passages. The structure of the rocks clearly shows a tectonic overprint. The diorites are strikingly textured. The quarry is overgrown and the exposed walls are difficult to access.	1250 50 × 25	Type: Rock Type: Diorite, Granite	Quarry	significant	Natural park
Former quarry at Teufelstisch NW of Bischofsmais		276A012	Bischofsmais position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the former quarry there is medium-grain granite, which usually has a directionless structure, but also weakly textured in layers (parallel to the pile fault). The granite shows a clear fissure. Mineral finds (quartz, feldspar, fluorspar, rutile, etc.) were formerly found on fissures.	3600 120 × 30	Type: Rock Type , Minerals Type: Granite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former quartz quarry SE from Eging		276A013	Kollnburg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The abandoned quarry opens up pile quartz on two levels.	8800 220 × 40	Type: Rock type, Fault type: Vein quartz	Quarry	inferior	Landscape protection area, nature park
Underground passages in Zwiesel under the town square		276A015	Zwiesel position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The exact age and function of the underground passages (refuge castle?) In the crystal substitute, which were originally several 100 m long and up to 20 m deep, is unknown. The passage under the bakery reveals granite penetrated into the gneiss with pegmatite passages. The crystalline is completely decomposed, but shows the original structure in detail. The corridors can be viewed on guided tours.	50 25 × 2	Type: Type of rock, contact, metamorphic structure, minerals, storage conditions, tunnels Type: Cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss, pegmatite, granite	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	significant	Natural park
Former pegmatite pit NE of Böbrach (Hubertus pegmatite)		276A016	Böbrach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The Hubertus pegmatite is a zonal pegmatite dike up to about 6 m thick. The beginnings of quartz mining may go back to the end of the 18th century. What has been preserved is a trench-like pinge that merges into underground mining and heaps. In the small underground mine remains of the largely dismantled quartz core of the pegmatite are exposed. In quartz you can see feldspar crystals up to 20 cm in length.	60 12 × 5	Type: minerals, rock type, tunnel type: pegmatite	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Street exposure S of Kohlplatz near Bodenmais		276A017	Bodenmais position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Metatectic to anatectic cordierite-sillimanite gneisses are exposed on state road St2132 south of Bodenmais. Some of these light-colored gneisses have a striking garnet. A large number of metamorphic structural features (such as banding, folds, inclusion of clods, etc.) can be seen in the exposure. Almost directionless structures alternate with clearly oriented structures in a narrow space.	3750 250 × 15	Type: Type of rock, metamorphic structure Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss	embankment	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Road exposure W from Fahrnbach		276A021	Bischofsmais position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the embankment there are medium to fine-grain quartz diorites (variable composition: granodiorite, tonalite to diorite), which are interspersed with granitic and pegmatitic corridors. The quartz diorites are deformed to different degrees.	50 50 × 1	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: diorite, granodiorite, tonalite	embankment	precious	Natural park
Pegmatite pit on the Hennenkobel NW of Rabenstein	more pictures	276G001	Zwiesel position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Pegmatites are large to giant-grained dike rocks, some of which contain rare and beautifully formed crystals. The quartz core of the pegmatite on the Hennenkobel was mined in opencast and underground mining for glass production. The dismantling wall was exposed again in 2002. Granite and pegmatite are exposed there. The mining tunnel is closed. The pegmatite pit on the Hennenkobel became known through various mineral finds (e.g. first determination of triphyline, a phosphate mineral).	16000 200 × 80	Type: tunnel, type locality, quarry / pit, minerals Type: pegmatite	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Silberberg Bodenmais show mine	more pictures	276G002	Bodenmais position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In the poly-metamorphic sulphide deposit, mining took place at least since 1436 (until 1952). At first, the focus was on metal production, later vitriol and polishing red were also extracted. Over 80 minerals have been described from the Silberberg sulphide ore occurrence. In the show mine, impressive tours through tunnels and huge cavities of the old mine are offered. The geotope is one of Bavaria's hundred most beautiful geotopes and is explained on site with a corresponding information board.	160000 400 × 400	Type: Tunnels, Minerals Type: Gneiss	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	especially valuable	Nature park, protected landscape area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 17
Former Rotkot mine on Kellerberg N von Zwiesel		276G003	Zwiesel position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Sulphidic ores were broken down on the red droppings. The main ores are magnetic and sulfur pyrites, but copper pyrites, zinc blende and galena also occur. The side rock of the sulphide deposit is garnet-leading cordierite gneiss. First documented mention as early as 1580. The tunnel was operated from 1893 to 1952. The tunnel entrance is closed. In the vicinity there are heaps where sulphide minerals, but also a lot of limonitic material (iron hydroxide) can be found.	9 3 × 3	Type: Gallery Type: Gneiss	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Grübenfeld in the Rannenau		276G006	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The morphological landforms typical for gold soap mining are called pits. These are e.g. B. funnel pits, trenches, heaps (= soap mounds) and sewer systems. The pit field in the Rannenau at the upper Höllbach shows z. Some very nicely preserved soap mounds. In the vicinity of the Höllbach, the tracks are washed out by occasional flooding. For gold panning, the river gravel was mined up to 5 m below the top of the site. Further mine fields are located downstream.	80000 800 × 100	Type: Soap Laundry, Pinge Field Type: Gravel	Ping	significant	National park, ground monument, landscape protection area
Pegmatite mining table height		276G010	Frauenau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The quartz pits in the area of Tafelhöhe above Spiegelstrasse probably date from the middle of the 19th century. Numerous heaps, several pings and a short tunnel in pegmatite, as well as a closed underground tunnel in gneiss, testify to the mining activity (quartz for the glassworks). In the short underground mine, the contact between gneiss and zonal pegmatite is open.	5000 100 × 50	Type: Pinge / nfeld, Stollen Type: pegmatite, cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Grübenfeld am Mühlenbach near Unterried		276G011	Drachselsried position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Approx. 1 km northeast of Unterried, an up to 100 m wide Grübenfeld stretches along the Mühlenbach (Schönbach / Hochfellbach) for about 1300 m. Along the creek, the very coarse stream sediment seems to have been dug up and the fine fraction between the coarse rubble has grown. The mining traces in the ascent to Mühlenberg - with the absence of soap mounds - indicate that in this area in the weathered bedrock a primary gold mineralization could have been the mining target.	130000 1300 × 100	Type: Soap laundry, Schurf Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss	other information	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Grübenfeld on Rothbach E from Böbrach		276G012	Böbrach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Soap hills accompany the course of the Rothbach over a length of almost 1,000 m. The relics of gold panning, up to 5 m high, consist of rubble of gneiss, quartz and granite. The late Middle Ages (oldest documented mention in 1312) and the early modern period are likely to be considered the heyday for the extraction of soap gold. However, there are no historically reliable details regarding the start of the gold prospecting or the yield. A circular hiking trail around Bodenmais and Böbrach (white on blue 4) opens up the area. The property is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-6944-0052).	60000 600 × 100	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Gravel	Ping	precious	Soil monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Grübenfeld in the Gschwend		276G013	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The morphological landforms typical for gold soap mining are called pits. These are e.g. B. funnel pits, trenches, heaps (= soap mounds) and sewer systems. The Grübenfeld in the Gschwend am Kolbersbach shows z. Some very nicely preserved soap mounds. For gold panning, the river gravel was mined up to 5 m below the top of the site. Further pit fields are located upstream. The area is largely protected as a medieval-early modern gold soap hill area under No. 920987 as a ground monument.	150,000 600 × 250	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Gravel	Ping	significant	National park, ground monument, FFH area
Soap hill at Schwellhäusl	more pictures	276G014	Bayerisch Eisenstein position	Rear Bavarian Forest	On the slopes of the Falkenstein massif, traces of former gold mining can be found in various places. The cordierite-sillimanite-gneisses, the main rock of the Falkenstein massif, are deeply weathered in some areas, so that the weathering masses also shifted along the small streams. The gold, which is finely distributed in these rocks, was only transported over very short distances in this way. The very slight deformation of the gold grains, with angular and sometimes bizarre gold grains, speaks in favor of such a short transport route. The property is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-6945-0057)	5000 100 × 50	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss	other information	significant	National park, ground monument, FFH area
Grübenfeld Fürhaupten / Theresienthal		276G015	Zwiesel position	Rear Bavarian Forest	To the north of Theresiental near the Fürhaupten Nord industrial park are the remains of what was originally at least 50,000 m² in size, of which around 12,000 m² were preserved and taken into account in the designation of the industrial area. Gold was once panned here. In particular, the agricultural activity on the edge of the Zwiesel basin and regular floods are likely to be responsible for the leveling of the degradation tracks near the river. The traces of degradation in the forest south of the Fürhaupten road are in the best state of preservation. The object is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-6945-0003)	15000 150 × 100	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss	other information	significant	Soil monument, nature park
Moosbacher post NE by Moosbach	more pictures	276R001	Prackenbach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Elongated, partially interrupted pile quartz train, which rises as a distinctive ridge above the surrounding landscape. Individual rock ridges and blocks can be found in the ridge area.	36000 1200 × 30	Type: hard rock, rock wall / slope, fault type: vein quartz	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Large stake near Viechtach	more pictures	276R002	Viechtach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The towering rock wall made of pile quartz near Viechtach is probably one of the most striking shapes on the entire pile. To the west there is a former quarry where pile quartz was extracted. A nature trail explains the special features of the region. The pile is the quartzized core of the pile zone, a fault zone that runs through the entire Bavarian Forest from NW to SE, which was carved out of the tertiary weathering by the Pleistocene erosion.	105000 1500 × 70	Type: hard rock, rock wall / slope, rock tower / needle, fault, rock type: vein quartz	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 1
Fellerhof yard post NE	more pictures	276R003	Kollnburg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The courtyard post is a ridge that is morphologically distinct from the surroundings. At several points on the distinctive ridge of the hill, the pile quartz forms rock cliffs up to 6 m high with steep rock walls. The pile quartz was created by excretions from hydrothermal solutions that penetrated the shear and pinnate crevices along the depth fault (= pile fault). Movements during and after the quartz deposition led to the brecciated structure of the pile quartz.	240000 800 × 300	Type: Hard , Fault Type: Vein quartz, ultramylonite	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Antonius stake near Viechtach	more pictures	276R004	Viechtach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	Morphologically distinctive wall of the post with individual rocks, chapel and Stations of the Cross (Antonius post). The pile quartz is unlocked at the road penetration.	42000 1400 × 30	Type: Hard, Fault Type: Quartz	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Rieslochfall NE from Bodenmais	more pictures	276R006	Bodenmais position	Rear Bavarian Forest	A hydrological measuring station is located below the water-rich cascades with a height of the lower drop of 15 m. The Riesbach Falls can be reached via two signposted paths.	120 20 × 6	Type: Waterfall Type: Gneiss	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Arbersee with Arbersee walls	more pictures	276R007	Bayerisch Eisenstein position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The cirque was created by multiple local glaciations in the Quaternary. The walls have glacial cuts. The Arbersee can be addressed as both Karsee and Zungenbeckensee.	720000 900 × 800	Type: Kar, glacier cut, tongue basin lake Type: Gneiss, moraine	Slope crack / rock wall	especially valuable	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Wall moraines on the Arbersee		276R008	Bayerisch Eisenstein position	Rear Bavarian Forest	A total of four chains of wall moraines can be seen on the Arber, which are associated with stages during the Worm Ice Age.	850000 850 × 1000	Type: End (wall) moraine Type: Moraine	no information	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Valley of the Black Rain between Metten and Teisnach	more pictures	276R009	Teisnach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In the tectonically laid out NW-SE trending rain basin, a drainage system developed from the Oligocene onwards. The river system, which meanders on leveled areas, was bound by lowering the erosion base from around the Upper Miocene onwards. In the course of the Pleistocene, the river sank deeper and deeper and today's Kerbtal was created. There are many boulders on the valley flanks and in the river bed. Rock cliffs (gneiss) emerge on the steep valley flanks.	1600000 8000 × 200	Type: Meander, Kerbtal, Prallhang Type: Gneiss, Diorite	no information	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Summit ridge of the Teufelstisch NW of Bischofsmais	more pictures	276R010	Bischofsmais position	Front Bavarian Forest	Along the ridge of the Teufelstisch there are several summit cliffs made of fine to medium-grain granite, which usually show a mattress-shaped wool sack weathering. The granites usually show a clear regulation of the crystals, which is due to tectonic overprinting. From the summit to NE there is a sea of boulders. Summit cliffs and boulder seas are the result of Pleistocene erosion and weathering.	4000 400 × 10	Type: Felsburg, Blockmeer Type: Granite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Weissenstein NW stake	more pictures	276R011	Rain position	Rear Bavarian Forest	With a length of over 100 km, the pile is one of the most important tectonic structures in Bavaria. The hydrothermal quartz filling of the fracture structure often forms hardnesses. The approx. 30 m high battlements of the Weißenstein were exposed by Pleistocene erosion and form one of the most striking shapes in the pile.	128000 1600 × 80	Type: Felsburg, Härtling, fault, rock type: Vein quartz	Slope crack / rock wall	especially valuable	Nature reserve, FFH area, nature park
Aitnachtal S from Viechtach	more pictures	276R013	Kollnburg position	Front Bavarian Forest	Valley of the Aitnach between Kirchaitnach and its confluence with the Schwarzen Regen: The valley system of the NS running valley, in which the Aitnach meanders many times today, took place in the Old Tertiary. A weak talasymmetry can be seen, which results from the periglacial conditions in the Pleistocene. Upon reaching the pile, the river initially flows parallel to the pile up to the steep-walled but extensive pile breakthrough.	1950000 6500 × 300	Type: Asymmetrical valley, meander Type: gravel	no information	significant	Natural park
Summit of the Großer Arber with Richard Wagner's head	more pictures	276R014	Bodenmais position	Rear Bavarian Forest	In the summit area of the Großer Arber there are several rock castles made of metatectic cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss. The Bodenmaiser bar, also known as the Richard Wagner head, is particularly striking. A natural history trail leads over the summit plateau.	100000 400 × 250	Type: rock castle, metamorphic structure, rock type: gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	FFH area, bird sanctuary, nature park
High fall in Moosbachtal NW of Bodenmais	more pictures	276R016	Bodenmais position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The high fall, a 6 - 8 m high, multi-level waterfall into a brook pump, is the most impressive of the numerous waterfalls in the Moosbachtal. The anatectic gneiss is exposed in the stream bed with beautiful pools. The waterfall (natural monument) is accessible via a marked hiking trail.	240 40 × 6	Type: Waterfall Type: Gneiss	Impact slope / river bed / stream profile	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area, nature park
Large stake near Viechtach, northwest part	more pictures	276R018	Viechtach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The pile zone, which runs through the entire Bavarian Forest from NW to SE, is one of the most important tectonic structures in Bavaria with a length of more than 100 km. Areas where hydrothermal vein quartz was precipitated in the fracture zone are now often seen in the landscape as hardships. They were uncovered by the Pleistocene erosion, like this striking hardened ring made of pile quartz with several rock cliffs in a beautiful landscape.	5000 250 × 20	Type: hard rock, rock tower / needle, fault, rock type: vein quartz	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Silberberg SE summit area from Bodenmais (Bischofshaube)	more pictures	276R019	Bodenmais position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The Bischofshaube is the striking double summit of the Silberberg near Bodenmais. It was created by mining or weathering concordant sulphide ore layers in the gneiss. There are numerous former opencast and underground mines in the area, which testify to centuries of ore mining.	60000 300 × 200	Type: rocky dome, open-cast mining, minerals Type: gneiss	no information	precious	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Steinbachfall at Falkenstein E from Zwieslerwaldhaus	more pictures	276R020	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The water of the Steinbach overcomes a gneiss sub-step running parallel to the slope in several small waterfall steps (approx. 10 m in total). This gneiss with a multitude of metamorphic structures (layers, folds, quartz lenses and bands) is beautifully exposed right on the hiking trail next to the waterfall.	200 20 × 10	Type: waterfall, rock type, metamorphic structure Type: gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Summit cliff of the Kleiner Falkenstein E from Zwieslerwaldhaus	more pictures	276R021	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The summit of the Kleiner Falkenstein consists of an imposing gneiss summit cliff broken up into several clods. In some places beautiful gneiss structures can be observed on the rock walls: z. For example, the gneiss shows a layer structure with thicknesses of the individual layers <1 mm and fold structures in the cm-dm range. From the summit you have a beautiful view of the Bavarian Forest.	2000 100 × 20	Type: rock castle, type of rock, metamorphic structure Type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	precious	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Summit cliff of the Großer Falkenstein SE from Zwieslerwaldhaus	more pictures	276R022	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The summit area of the Großer Falkenstein is built up by a gneiss cliff that breaks off vertically to the west. The current appearance of the summit goes back to the Ice Age exposure of relatively unweathered rock areas through the removal of the tertiary weathering cover, as well as frost weathering and frost blasting. Various gneiss structures can be seen on the numerous, almost flat surfaces perpendicular to the rock structure, e.g. B. Quartz lenses up to 0.3 m in diameter.	2000 100 × 20	Type: Crag, type of rock, metamorphic structure Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Höllbachgspreng and Höllbachfall E from Zwieslerwaldhaus	more pictures	276R023	Lindberg position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The stream and rock section on the steeply sloping eastern flank of the Großer Falkenstein was already out of use in the 19th century and thus placed under protection. The slope is interspersed with rock cliffs made of gneiss over the entire height. The Höllbach overcomes the rocky areas in several small waterfall steps, the highest of which - the Höllbachfall - is approx. 5 m. Höllbachsee and -schwelle at the bottom of the glacial valley were artificially changed in order to make the wood drift possible.	400000 800 × 500	Type: rock wall / slope, waterfall, rock type, metamorphic structure Type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss, biotite-plagioclase-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Gneiss cliff NE of Rabenstein		276R025	Ruhmannsfelden position	Front Bavarian Forest	To the northeast of the hamlet of Rabenstein there is a hard ridge. Gneiss cliffs are hidden in the wood directly behind the houses, which form a good outcrop and show the different weathering behavior of the rocks. The cliff itself, with a distinctive foliation structure sloping diagonally into the slope, consists of pearl gneiss and quartz mica diorite. At the top there are numerous blocks of anatectic gneiss (paragranodiorite).	160 20 × 8	Type: Hard rock, type of rock, type of storage : anatexite, gneiss, quartz diorite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Natural park
Solifluction blocks in the Prackenbachtal W of Steinhof	more pictures	276R026	Prackenbach position	Rear Bavarian Forest	On the valley flanks of the Prackenbach valley above Steinhof there are loose block streams with blocks of gneiss and anatexite. During the cold periods under permafrost conditions, these blocks made their way down to the valley floor on floating earth as hiking blocks. The blocks were removed from the fields as far as possible for agricultural use. However, individual large blocks (too heavy to transport) are stored on the spot in the meadows and on or in the stream.	200000 1000 × 200	Type: Solifluction phenomenon Type: Anatexite, blocks, clay	block	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Habichtstein NE of Kirchdorf		276R027	Kirchberg in the forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The Habichtstein is an imposing double cliff made of gneiss with vertical or overhanging walls up to 20 m high on all sides. There is a narrow passage between the two rock towers. An ensemble of blocks and cliffs connects to the bottom and west. This is also where a loose block flow begins. Gneiss structures can be seen on the weathered rock on the west side of the Habichtsstein.	450 30 × 15	Type: rock castle, rock tower / needle Type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
Hochmoorgebiet Todtenau SE from Dösingerried	more pictures	276R028	Kirchberg in the forest position	Front Bavarian Forest	The high moor core area of Todtenau is one of the most important high moor areas in the Upper Bavarian Forest. In the center, peat thicknesses of 8.5 m are achieved. The peat formation started more than 13,000 years ago with fens. This is followed by intermediate bog peat and raised bog peat for more than 10,000 years. Due to the conservation of pollen, peatland profiles are unique archives of the history of climate, vegetation and settlement.	210000 700 × 300	Type: raised bog Type: peat	no information	significant	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Great Rachel's summit cliffs	more pictures	276R029	Frauenau position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The summit of the Großer Rachel consists of a summit cliff made of gneiss (metatectical cordierite gneiss with biotite-plagioclase gneiss). A large number of metamorphic structural features can be observed in the rock directly in the summit area: layer structure, fold structures in the cm to dm range, numerous quartz lenses, partial mobilization of bright components (leukosomes) that pervade the rock formation in a concordant and discordant manner.	500 50 × 10	Type: rocky dome, metamorphic structure, rock type: gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	National park, landscape protection area, FFH area
Teisnach between Gotteszell and Ruhmannsfelden	more pictures	276R030	God's cell position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the section of the river between Gotteszell and Ruhmannsfelden, the Teisnach meanders very strongly. The meanders directly at Gotteszell are very even. After that, the river enters the large valley basin south of Ruhmannsfelden, facing towards the SN, with further typical river meanders. The selected river passage is a characteristic example of meandering waters, as they are relatively common in the Bavarian Forest.	10000 2000 × 5	Type: Meander Type: Clay	no information	significant	Natural park
Rocks on Wagensonnriegel NW of Althütte		276R033	Kirchberg in the forest position	Rear Bavarian Forest	The rocks at the lookout point and on the hiking trail on the ridge line of the car sun bolt consist of metatectic cordierite-sillimanite-potassium feldspar-gneiss with biotite-plagioclase-gneiss and calcium silicate inclusions. You are e.g. T. heavily folded.	4000 100 × 40	Type: rock wall / slope, metamorphic structure Type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Hinterholz mussel shell mine		277A001	Simbach am Inn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The aboveground and underground outcrops on the Antersdorfer Bach near the former Hinterholz mussel schill mine are the type locality of the Schill horizon of the oncophora layers (brackish water molasses). The Schillhorizont was mined in many small chicken feed mines between 1913 and 1965. The shell fragments were washed and used as a chicken feed supplement to improve the shell formation of the eggs. The up to 40 cm thick Schill horizon consists mainly of mussel shells. It serves as a guide horizon and separates the flour sands from the mica sands. The outcrops have collapsed a bit.	100 20 × 5	Type: Type locality, Animal fossils, Layer sequence Type: Sand	Gravel pit / sand pit	especially valuable	no protected area
Former gravel pit near Kraham S von Johanniskirchen		277A009	Johanniskirchen position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the gravel pit, which is now abandoned, weathered gravel was mined earlier, which, unlike the northern full gravel, is completely decalcified, but which, unlike the residual quartz gravel, still contains crumbly crystalline oil and pebbly sediments (Steinebacher facies). The northern full gravel can easily be recognized as the starting material. The outcrop areas that have remained after the end of the dismantling and have not yet collapsed are difficult to access.	65 65 × 1	Type: Rock Type: Gravel	Quarry	significant	no protected area
Former sand pit in Lugenz ENE von Birnbach		277A010	Bad Birnbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	Under the upper edge of the former gravel pit lies an approx. 1.5 m thick quartz conglomerate. This is widespread in the region and gave rise to the Lugens plateau.	240 80 × 3	Type: Rock type, Fossil soil Type: Quartz conglomerate, gravel	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Gravel pit NE of Amsham		277A011	Egglham position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the gravel pit, first loess loam and then the approximately 1–2 m thick quartz conglomerate horizon is exposed (broken into individual blocks). Below this are the gravel of the residual quartz gravel. Gravel horizons and sandy layers show a narrow alternation. Iron and manganese hydroxide were excreted to varying degrees. The upper area of the gravel body is brownish and yellowish in color, while the lower meters appear strikingly light.	1000 50 × 20	Type: Layer sequence Type: Quartz conglomerate, gravel	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Hohlweg NW of Dötling		277A013	Simbach am Inn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The imposing ravine, with steep walls up to 5 m high, opens up a profile through the Oncophora layers, sediments of the brackish water molasse. The lower part lies in flour sands (at least 8 m thick). Shortly after the path turns to S, you can see the mussel shell horizon (1 - 2 dm), followed by at least 10 m of mica sand. At the edge of the forest SE of the ravine, the underlying marl of the Upper Sea Molasse are cut on a slope crack (next to a tiled storage area).	2000 500 × 4	Type: Layer sequence, rock type, ravine, animal fossils Type: sand	Pit / canal / ravine	precious	no protected area
Steghub Muschelschill Mine		277G001	Simbach am Inn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The tunnel in Steghub is evidence of the lively mining activity on limestone dishes in the Simbach area in the first half of the 20th century. In many small mines, the up to 40 cm thick shell horizon was mined from mussel shells from the Oncophora layers (brackish water molasses) for use as an additive for chicken feed. The tunnel mouth hole is partially moored and the entrance route is covered with concrete. After the connected route the tunnel collapsed. A big break in the day above (photo 4) should still be in motion.	9 3 × 3	Type: Studs, Animal Fossils Type: Sand	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	significant	Natural monument
Blockstrom Kaser Steinstube SW from Voglarn	more pictures	277R001	Triftern position	Isar-Inn hill country	The impressive block flow of the Kaser Steinstube begins below the quartz conglomerate horizon, which is broken into large slabs at the edge of the plateau, and stretches down the slope for more than 100 m. A temporary stream flows through it. Some of the quartz conglomerate blocks pile up on top of one another and form small cover caves. The formation of the block flow occurred in the Pleistocene at times of increased erosion and soil flow in the periglacial area.	800 80 × 10	Type: Block Stream Type: Quartz Conglomerate	block	precious	Natural monument	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 53
Crocodile Rock E from Landerham		277R002	Bad Birnbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	This quartz conglomerate block, which when viewed from the south-east has a crocodile-like shape, forms a landmark that can be seen from afar in an open field. The block is the remainder of a formerly more widespread conglomerate cover and probably slipped from its originally higher location in the Pleistocene within a solifluction cover. As is often the case in the quartz conglomerate bank, the block shows a change in grain size from gravel (conglomerate) to sand (sandstone).	21 7 × 3	Type: Boulder Type: Quartz conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Quartz conglomerate blocks in Unterhitzling		277R003	Bad Birnbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	In Unterhitzling there are several large blocks of quartz conglomerate that represent the remainder of a solifluction ceiling. At the top of the residual quartz gravel, a 1 - 3 m thick quartzitic conglomerate cover formed in the Tertiary. As a result of erosion and outflow of the underlying gravel, the breaking of the quartz conglomerate cover and the sliding of the blocks during the Pleistocene, the blocks are now below the surface on a secondary deposit.	24 6 × 4	Type: Boulder Type: Quartz conglomerate	block	significant	no protected area
Block stream with Hitzlinger Bach N from Unterhitzling		277R004	Bad Birnbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	The meandering stream bed of the Hitzlinger Bach is accompanied by numerous blocks of quartz conglomerate. With stronger water flow, the creek forms small waterfalls at steeper passages. The blocks are evidence of a Pleistocene solifluction cover. The blocks originate from the quartz conglomerate bank that is extinguishing on the upper slope and have reached their current location through erosion and slope sliding. Rinsing out the fine material has exposed the blocks in the stream bed.	4000 200 × 20	Type: Block Stream Type: Quartz Conglomerate	block	significant	no protected area
The Heldenstein boulder near Maierhof N von Simbach		277R005	Simbach am Inn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The Heldenstein is a quartz conglomerate block on a secondary deposit. The transition from quartz conglomerate to quartzitic sandstone can be seen in the rock. The block came to its current location by sliding down the slope. It is the remains of a quartzitic conglomerate cover formed in the Miocene in the top of the residual quartz gravel. The rearrangement occurred mainly during the Pleistocene. The block has been provided with a granite plaque.	9 3 × 3	Type: Boulder Type: Quartz conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Boulder SE from Niedereck		277R006	Simbach am Inn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The large quartz conglomerate block on the western bank of the stream is the remainder of a quartz conglomerate cover still pending in higher elevations. By sliding down the slope, it reached its current position. Quartz conglomerate blocks on secondary deposits are more common in the county. The redistribution took place mainly during the Pleistocene glacial periods through soil flow.	16 4 × 4	Type: Boulder Type: Quartz conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Block stream in the Eckinger Klamm SW from Ecking		277R007	Triftern position	Isar-Inn hill country	At the Eckinger Bach there is a block flow of quartz conglomerate with blocks piled on top of each other in the upper area of the brook. The block current formation took place in the Pleistocene under periglacial conditions. Conglomerate blocks loosened from the bond by frost weathering and erosion slid down into the valley on solifluction ceilings (floor tiles). The exposure occurred through erosion of the fine material in the area of watercourses.	5000 200 × 25	Type: Block Stream, Kerbtal Type: Quartz conglomerate	block	precious	Landscape protection area
Valley with Blockstrom SE from Pelkering		277R008	Triftern position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the area of the ravine-like creek cut, blocks of quartz conglomerate form a block flow. On the upper slope of the valley there is the quartz conglomerate with a 2 m high steep step. As a result of erosion and the flowing out of the underlying quartz gravel, a groove is created which causes further quartz conglomerate blocks to break down and slide off. The block current formation in the Pleistocene periglacial area can thus progress to a lesser extent in recent times.	800 80 × 10	Type: Block Stream, Kerbtal, Rock Type: Quartz conglomerate	block	precious	Landscape protection area
Road exposure on the Aigenberg NE of Gneißen	more pictures	278A002	Rattenberg position	Front Bavarian Forest	The road outcrop cuts a fault zone (mylonite) in pearl-gneiss-like cordierite-sillimanite gneiss . Rocks are found next to each other that still show a pronounced layer structure, while others are dominated by a pearl structure. In some areas, there is a noticeable network of vertical movement areas with partially pronounced harness straps. The outcrop belongs to an approximately 1.5 km wide and more than 15 km long NNW-SSE fault zone of a secondary pile.	800 200 × 4	Type: fault, rock type: mylonite, gneiss	embankment	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Road outcrop N of Pürgl		278A003	Haibach position	Front Bavarian Forest	Cordierite-sillimanite gneisses with pearl texture are lining the street. The rocks show a transformation of layer gneisses due to the beginning anatexis, whereby there are structural changes due to the dissolution of the parallel texture. Further information can be found in the village. A small quarry on the Kehre (in the east), which has now completely overgrown, previously opened up a granite passage.	6000 600 × 10	Type: Rock Type: Cordierite-Sillimanite-Gneiss, Gneiss	embankment	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former quarry on Kirchenberg N of Pilgramsberg	more pictures	278A004	Rattiszell position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the former quarry there is medium-grain granodiorite with partially flat mineral regulation. The granodiorite contains sharply defined clods of various other rocks: e.g. B. Biotite plagioclase ribbon gneiss, large potash feldspar crystals, quartz mica diorite. Some of the inclusions are rotated. The quarry is part of the Pilgramsberg adventure trail. (Geological corner table with explanations on granite and gneiss).	600 40 × 15	Type: Rock Type: Granodiorite, Anatexite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Former quarry near Espern	more pictures	278A005	Niederwinkling position	Front Bavarian Forest	The heavily overgrown abandoned quarry is located on the south side of the Welchenberg in the area of a Pleistocene slope of the Danube. Pearl gneiss is pending in the quarry, which is hardly mylonitized despite the proximity of the Danube marginal fault. There are deposits of carbonates and calcareous silicate horn rocks. Quartz blocks with large quartz crystals (streaking of the hypidiomorphically grown crystals) at the bottom are evidence of the degradation of a pegmatoid duct rock.	1600 80 × 20	Type: Rock, Minerals Type: Gneiss, Vein quartz	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Quarry N of Anning	more pictures	278A006	Bow position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the partially filled quarry there are tectonically heavily stressed gneisses in the area of the Danube rim fracture . Here the pearl gneiss is largely mylonitized and converted into vintner gneiss. On the quarry wall, folds can be seen in the dm area. Further evidence of the tectonic stress: strong fissures, armor surfaces, sheared areas.	600 20 × 30	Type: rock type, fault type: gneiss, mylonite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Quartz exposure W from Steinach Castle	more pictures	278A007	Steinach position	Front Bavarian Forest	On the northwest side of the main building there is quartz and mylonite from a secondary pile. This locality is one of the rare places in the Upper Bavarian Forest where stake quartz (secondary stake) is exposed.	250 25 × 10	Type: Rock type, Fault type: Vein quartz	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Natural park
Former quarry on Buchberg SW of Münster	more pictures	278A008	Steinach position	Dungau	In the former quarry, karst limestone from the Voglarn Formation (Lower White Jura) is located, which was raised as a clod on a staggered quarry in the course of the Danube rim fault. In the karst cavities of the White Jurassic Limestone, rocks from the Cretaceous period ( protective rock formation ) have been preserved. These Mesozoic rocks are covered by a Worm Ice Age solifluction cover with densely packed gravel. The quarry is located in the fenced area of a water intake and has since grown over a lot.	1200 60 × 20	Type: Layer sequence Type: Limestone, sandstone	Quarry	especially valuable	Nature reserve, FFH area, nature park
Quarry on the southern slope of the Helmberg SE von Wiedenhof	more pictures	278A009	Steinach position	Dungau	The former covering of the crystalline rocks of the Bavarian Forest by sedimentary rocks from the Mesozoic era can only be proven in a few places. The quarry on Helmberg is one of the very rare occurrences. Rocks from the White Jurassic and those from the Cretaceous period have been developed here above the crystalline. The latter can be found in the form of the protective rock formation in karst crevices of the intensely karstified lower Weißjura (Voglarn formation). The marly Jurassic limestones are rich in fossils (e.g. cup sponges). The occurrence owes its existence to the Danube rim fault, which has brought it into its current position.	1250 50 × 25	Type: Standard / Reference Profile Type: Limestone, Sandstone	Quarry	especially valuable	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Former quarry on Helmberg SW von Steinach		278A012	Steinach position	Dungau	The carbonate to clayey bound sandstones of the Sandbach Formation prove that in the Upper Cretaceous the area of today's Bavarian Forest was at least marginally under marine cover. Note: since the correct entry of the Sandbach Formation in the geological designation in the BIS is currently not possible, the incorrect classification of lumpy sand is used as a placeholder until further notice (Pürner: April 27, 2015)	200 40 × 5	Type: Rock Type: Limestone	Quarry	precious	Nature reserve, landscape protection area, FFH area
Former granite quarry SE from Siegersdorf		278A017	Rattenberg position	Front Bavarian Forest	The granite that was formerly mined in this small quarry (heavily overgrown) has changed in texture and mineral stock due to a side pile fault. B. the biotites are clearly arranged in parallel. In the vicinity there is an overgrown stream of granite blocks naturally broken by the frost blast in the Pleistocene, as well as numerous artificially broken blocks. In comparison, the round edges of the old blocks stand out against the sharp edges of the young ones.	1250 50 × 25	Type: Rock Type: Granite	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Gravel pits NW of Perkam	more pictures	278A018	Perkam position	Dungau	In the gravel pits, high terrace gravel is exposed on the edge of the Straubing Plain (Pleistocene Danube Valley). Not far from the pits, the edge of the terrace runs to the younger gravel of the valley of the Kleine Laber. The pit wall shows crystalline gravel (high proportion of quartz) and fine-grained intermediate layers with numerous sediment structures and iron and manganese precipitates.	10000 200 × 50	Type: sequence of layers, sediment structures Type: gravel, crushed stone, sand	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Quarry NW of Pfelling	more pictures	278A019	Bow position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the small abandoned quarry between Pfelling and Anning, pearl gneisses are pending, which are strongly tectonically overprinted due to their position in the area of the Danube rim fault. The strong disruption of the rock is noticeable, and fold structures can sometimes be recognized. The quarry was cleared in 2008/2009.	5000 100 × 50	Type: rock type, fold / hollow / saddle type: biotite-plagioclase-gneiss	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, nature park
High terrace E of Einhausen		278R001	Atting position	Dungau	The striking terrace step of the cracked glacial Danube gravel of the high terrace to the young gravel of the lower terrace and the sediments of the valley floodplain form a striking feature of the terrain. The high terrace is covered by loess loam.	26000 650 × 40	Type: Terrace Type: Gravel	no information	significant	no protected area
Dune S of sand	more pictures	278R004	Aiterhofen position	Dungau	Flat, wooded dune ridge made from fine to medium sand. Only a part of the former dune body is a protected landscape component. The rest of the area is used for agriculture and has changed significantly. The small sand ridges in front of the fenced and protected area are artificial.	25000 250 × 100	Type: Dune Type: Sand	no information	significant	Landscape component
Bogenberg S by Bogen	more pictures	278R005	Bow position	Dungau	The steep slopes on the south and east sides of the Bogenberg, which protrudes prominently over the Danube plain, are Pleistocene (Worm times) Danube impact slopes. The plateau corresponds to the Upper Miocene trunk surface. On the S-side, vintner rock, from which the Bogenberg consists, is exposed in cliffs. This is to diaphtoritische Blastomylonite involved in the fault zone of the Danube border breach occur. The structure shows pronounced breaking and transformation of the rock components.	600000 1200 × 500	Type: slope, rock type, fault type: mylonite, gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area, nature park	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 96
Teufelsfelsen S from Mitterfels	more pictures	278R006	Mitterfels position	Front Bavarian Forest	Summit cliffs made of pearl gneiss on a small rock spur below the castle. The rocks show wool sack weathering through which the predominant direction of foliation of the gneiss is carved out.	200 20 × 10	Type: Ridge Type: Gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Grotto SE von Wiesenfelden	more pictures	278R007	Wiesenfelden position	Regensburg Forest	The Wiesenfelden grotto is a small granite rock dome with a sacred image in a brick niche on the top block. The medium-grain granite with large potassium feldspar crystals shows wool sack weathering. Below the rocky dome on the road there is an approx. 40 m long underground cavern (built in 1838), the former ice storage cellar of the local brewery, beautiful outcrops of granite with gangue rocks and many adjoining rocks (bring a torch).	50 10 × 5	Type: wool sack formation, rocky dome, rock type: granite	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Natural park
Summit of the Bernhardsnagel S from Oberbocksberg	more pictures	278R008	Rattenberg position	Front Bavarian Forest	In the summit area of the Bernhardsnagel there are numerous rock cliffs made of anatectic granodiorite, some of which form beautiful flat- and mattress-shaped wool sack bodies. In addition to the cliffs, block fields (overgrown) testify to the Pleistocene erosion and weathering (rock cliffs, block decomposition by frost blasting in the Pleistocene). The summit of the Bernhardsnagel, which used to offer a good view, is now completely covered with trees.	40000 200 × 200	Type: rock wall / slope, rock type, block flow type: anatexite, granodiorite	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Teufelsmühle SE from Oberstein	more pictures	278R009	Rattenberg position	Front Bavarian Forest	The Teufelsmühle (also called Teufelsstein) is a wall-like, double-towered summit cliff made of granite with wool sack and mattress weathering. In sections with narrow fissures, the rock is weathered like a honeycomb. At the foot of the south cliff, an anatectic gneiss clod penetrated by a pegmatite dike is preserved in the granite.	60 15 × 4	Type: rock tower / needle, wool sack formation, sea of blocks Type: granite	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Sea of blocks on the Käsplatte SE from Hauswiese	more pictures	278R010	Sankt Englmar position	Front Bavarian Forest	The slope areas in the north-west of the summit are occupied by a large sea of boulders. During the Pleistocene, frost weathering in the periglacial area led to the breaking up of the granite rock of the summit into blocks and the formation of the pronounced block sea. The blocks are made of medium-grain granite with potash feldspar sprinkles. In the E of the Käsplatte (Hanichelriegel), paragranodiorite with weak layers forms a summit cliff (wool sack weathering) and a block flow.	60000 300 × 200	Type: Boulder sea, boulder stream, rock dome, rock type: Granite, anatexite	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, nature park
Gneiss summit cliffs of the Hirschenstein SE from Rettenbach	more pictures	278R011	Schwarzach position	Front Bavarian Forest	Several striking gneiss cliffs protrude from the flat summit plateau. On the southernmost there is an observation tower (good visibility). The cliffs open up a wide range of typical gneiss structures, which can also be seen well on weathered rock sections: layered structures, folds, inclusions of foreign rock with discordant foliation directions, rotated inclusions (cm - 0.5m) and boudins (conspicuous oval cuts). The gneisses (pearl and layer gneisses) partially contain garnet.	5000 100 × 50	Type: rocky dome, type of rock, metamorphic structure, mineral type: gneiss, calcium silicate rock	Rock slope / cliff	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area, nature park
Meander loop of the Kleine Laaber NW from Perkam	more pictures	278R012	Perkam position	Dungau	The Kleine Laaber has almost retained its natural course in many places. This pronounced river meander is a characteristic example of the numerous river loops of the Kleine Laaber. At this point in the Laabertal valley, on the left side of the valley, a stepped terrace can be seen between various old ice-age river gravel bodies. Whether a river meanders depends, among other things, on the water flow, the river gradient and the amount of sediment in the water.	5000 100 × 50	Type: Meander, stream / river course Type: silt, sand, gravel	no information	significant	no protected area

Individual evidence

↑ Bavarian State Office for the Environment, geotope research , accessed on March 11, 2016.
↑ which (as of spring 2015) is under construction. Information on opening times and admission prices at www.ziegel-kalkmuseum.de

Web links

Commons : Pictures on Wikimedia Commons - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

[1] Bavarian State Office for the Environment, geotope research , accessed on March 11, 2016.

[2] which (as of spring 2015) is under construction. Information on opening times and admission prices at www.ziegel-kalkmuseum.de

List of geotopes in Lower Bavaria

See also

Individual evidence

Web links