Music in Germany

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German musicians
Hans Zimmer , composer
Rammstein , 2012
Kraftwerk , 2009
The Doctors , 2007 in Moscow
Boney M , 1981
Lena , 2010
The German National Anthem ( acoustic version )

This article gives an overview of the music that has established itself since the pre-classical period in the area of ​​today's Germany (and, in some cases difficult to define, in the German-speaking area ), especially its genres and most important representatives. Germany was the third largest music market in the world in 2013 and, thanks to its extensive cultural funding, has a large amateur music scene with around four million organized participants, including 1.3 million in choirs, half a million in bands and 740,000 in instrumental ensembles. In 2014, 128,000 people were employed in music. The German theater and orchestra landscape - one of the densest in the world with 9,000 concerts annually - has been proposed as an intangible world heritage ; the intangible cultural heritage of the country heard a lot Musical.

Classical music

The history of European classical music has been shaped by German composers since the Baroque music period. Due to the central location of Germany, different musical traditions from all over Europe could flow together here. Church music and organ building flourished in the Baroque period. Important baroque composers were a. Heinrich Schütz , Dietrich Buxtehude , Georg Friedrich Händel , Georg Philipp Telemann , Johann Sebastian Bach . The composers of the Mannheim School , Ludwig van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who is also considered an Austrian composer, formed the style for the Viennese Classic . Beginning at the time of the Vormärz , the accompanied song was developed into a separate art genre by composers such as Robert Schumann and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy . Other important German romantic composers were Carl Maria von Weber , Johannes Brahms , Richard Wagner , Hans Pfitzner , Max Reger and Richard Strauss .

In the 20th century u. a. the composers Carl Orff , Hanns Eisler and Werner Henze ( New Music ) popularity. After 1950, influenced by the Darmstadt summer courses , the development of serial and electronic music by composers like Karlheinz Stockhausen was significant in West Germany . Important contemporary German composers are z. B. Wolfgang Rihm as well as the worldwide very successful film music composer Hans Zimmer .

The development of choral singing in Germany was interrupted by the Second World War and also slowed down considerably in the period that followed. Only since the last decades of the 20th century has an upturn in this direction of international importance taken place.

Popular music

Schlager and folk music

The popular music in Germany was across the 20th century of pop and folk music influenced. The operetta houses in the German-speaking area were counted among the pioneers of this direction around 1900 , for example with the Berlin composer Paul Lincke . Through the spread of sound carriers such as records and the recording of radio , popular popular music increasingly emerged in the era of the “ Roaring Twenties ”. Well-known representatives are the Comedian Harmonists , Marlene Dietrich , Erwin Hartung , Fritzi Massary , Max Pallenberg , Otto Reutter , Liane Haid , Paul Preil and Lilian Harvey .

Successful interpreters of the modern hit genre are and were u. a. Helene Fischer , Udo Jürgens , Wolfgang Petry , Matthias Reim , Roberto Blanco , Andrea Berg , Roy Black , DJ Ötzi , Höhner , Frank Zander and Max Raabe . In the field of folk music are u. a. Florian Silbereisen , Heino , Stefanie Hertel , Hansi Hinterseer and the Wildecker Herzbuben were successful, although the boundaries to Schlager are fluid.

Rock and metal

Krautrock

Krautrock , which emerged in the late 1960s , influenced the development of various forms of rock music and electronic music . The 1968 Essen Song Days were decisive . This is mainly due to the early use of synthesizer technology. Influential representatives of this era include Can , Faust , Neu! , Ton Steine ​​Schherd , Amon Düül , Amon Düül II , Kraan , Guru Guru as well as Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk in their early phase (see electronic music ).

Ostrock

Well-known representatives of Ostrock are City , Karat , Silly , Keimzeit , Karussell , electra and the Puhdys . Many of the GDR bands were censored or even banned because of their freedom and change-looking texts, but thanks to secret concerts at the end of the 1980s, they successfully managed to protest against the regime. a. for the resolution of rock musicians and songwriters .

Punk rock

German-language punk rock has been widespread since its inception in the 1980s . The most successful representatives include Die Ärzte , Nina Hagen and Die Toten Hosen .

Mainstream rock

Internationally popular are and were z. B. the German rock bands Scorpions , Beatsteaks , The Rattles and The Lords .

Metal and alternative

The metal bands Blind Guardian , Helloween and Gamma Ray are popular beyond the German borders. The band Rammstein is the best-known representative of the so-called New German Hardship , to which Oomph! and be numbered unholy .

In the field of alternative rock / crossover , for example, Guano Apes , H-Blockx , Liquido , Law , Die Krupps , Such a Surge and Thumb were and are important artists.

Indie rock

Sportfreunde Stiller , Tocotronic , Blumfeld , Selig and Jennifer Rostock produce popular indie rock and pop . The BossHoss are known for their country rock.

Electronic music

In the field of electronic music , the German representatives Kraftwerk , Tangerine Dream , Karlheinz Stockhausen and Klaus Schulze are among the global pioneers.

German producers also play an important role in contemporary electro and techno music. B. Mousse T. , Paul van Dyk , Scooter , Robin Schulz , 2raumwohnung , Zedd , Tomcraft , Moguai , Snap! , The Disco Boys , Lexy & K-Paul , Boys Noize , Kai Tracid , Tiefschwarz , SONO , Northern Lite , Blank & Jones and Paul Kalkbrenner .

pop

Neue Deutsche Welle

The establishment of an independent, internationally successful German pop and rock music , known as the “ New German Wave ”, reached its commercial climax in the early 1980s with artists such as Nena , Hubert Kah and Peter Schilling . Other successful interpreters of this time are Trio , Extrabreit , Joachim Witt , DAF , Ideal , Münchener Freiheit and the Spider Murphy Gang .

International pop productions

German producers have shaped the global music market for decades. The productions by Frank Farian and others were internationally successful from the 1970s to the 90s . a. with Boney M. From 1985 until the dissolution in 2003, Dieter Bohlen's pieces with Modern Talking were a guarantee of success, as were his other productions , among others. a. for the talent show DSDS . Alex Christensen is another successful producer in the pop field. The synth pop group Alphaville has been successful worldwide since 1983.

The 90s and early 2000s were characterized by pop and eurodance , which were influenced by German music projects, e.g. B. Jasmin Wagner ("Blümchen"), Culture Beat , U96 , Captain Jack , Lou Bega , Dune , ATC , E-Rotic , Fun Factory and Mr. President . In the 2000s, u. a. the casting bands No Angels , Bro'Sis and Monrose , the singer Sarah Connor , the pop violinist David Garrett and the band Tokio Hotel, which is particularly popular with female teenagers, has achieved worldwide success. The English-language band Reamonn was popular across Europe until they split up in 2010.

Pop (rock) of the present

Udo Lindenberg , Peter Maffay , Herbert Grönemeyer , Wolfsheim , Wir sind Helden , Julia Neigel, Silbermond , Juli , Ich + Ich and Frida Gold are among the most famous German-speaking pop and pop rock musicians of today . In 2010 Lena won the Eurovision Song Contest for Germany .

Jazz and blues

R&B and soul

The singer Xavier Naidoo has been one of the most famous German-speaking interpreters of R&B and soul since 1995 , initially with his band Söhne Mannheims . In addition, Tim Bendzko , Cassandra Steen ( Glashaus ), Max Herre , Joy Denalane , Andreas Bourani , Moses Pelham , Sabrina Setlur , Ayman , Edo Zanki , Max Mutzke and Jan Delay are among the popular artists of these musical genres.

Hip hop

The band Die Fantastischen Vier , founded in 1989, prepared 1992 with their title Die da !? the way for popular German rap . In addition to them, the band Fettes Brot has been particularly successful since 1995. Other commercially successful German-speaking hip-hop artists are and were among others. a. Marteria , Dendemann , Samy Deluxe , Beginner ( Jan Delay , Dennis Lisk ), Bushido , Fler , Fünf Sterne deluxe (including Das Bo ), Blumentopf , KIZ , Die Atzen , Kool Savas , Creutzfeld & Jakob , Miss Platnum , Casper , Cro , Sido , Kollegah , Shindy and Deichkind .

Reggae and Dancehall

The first reggae experiments in Germany were made by Spliff in the late 1970s, and Hans Söllner became commercially successful in the 80s . In the area of ​​reggae and dancehall today u. a. the group Seeed and their singers Peter Fox , Boundzound and Dellé , the musician Gentleman , Mellow Mark , and the group Culcha Candela were successful.

Festivals

Until 2010, the Love Parade was one of the world's largest music events. German music festivals of paramount importance today are Rock am Ring and Rock im Park , Wacken Open Air , Berlin Music Week , Hurricane Festival , Southside , Fusion Festival , SonneMondSterne , Deichbrand , Melt! , Parookaville , Immergut Festival , Schlossgrabenfest , Summerjam , Nature One , Mayday , Airbeat One , With Full Force and the Wave-Gotik-Treffen .

There are also many smaller festivals that serve certain music styles, regions or topics, e.g. B. Holi and spring break festivals . A festival guide on the Internet shows over 350 festivals in Germany for the 2011 season.

Prizes, competitions and broadcasts

Prices

The most important music award in the German-speaking area was the Echo . Until 2011 the Comet was awarded by VIVA . The MTV EMAs are important across Europe and each contain categories for German artists. In addition, the gold and platinum records for single and album sales are respected awards for successful musicians.

There are also specific prices in Germany, e.g. B. for newcomers ( New Music Award ), electronic music, jazz music ( German Jazz Prize ) and for young musicians from the music academies ( Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy Prize ). Many cities and regions also award their own music prizes, such as the HANS in Hamburg , the Art Prize in Bavaria and the Art Prize in Berlin .

Music competitions

Germany was able to take first place twice in the European music competition, the Eurovision Song Contest - in 1982 (with Nicole ) and 2010 (with Lena ).

The Bundesvision Song Contest , initiated by Stefan Raab , has established itself as a possibility for music competitions within Germany since 2005 .

Music broadcasts

Music television is established in Germany in various forms. There are special-interest channels as well as individual programs, some of which last several hours, on channels such as Einsfestival , ZDFneo and ZDFkultur . The spread of online channels such as YouTube and MyVideo and music streaming services such as Spotify and Soundcloud have largely replaced traditional music television with individual and dynamic content. However, it remains an important part of the media landscape for content and themed programs that are edited.

Music television stations in Germany are z. B .:

The well-known transmission formats include:

In addition, performances by musicians in many different broadcast formats are an integral or recurring part. This is especially the case with late night shows , e.g. B. at TV total , Circus Halligalli , Ina's night , rooms available! , Krömer - Late Night Show and Neo Magazin Royale , but also in morning shows such as the ARD / ZDF morning magazine .

Casting shows

Since the first broadcast of pop stars in 2000, casting shows have been a controversial means of finding talent in the German music industry. Elaborately produced casting programs in recent years with display options for musicians are and were z. B. The Voice of Germany ( The Voice Kids ), Deutschland sucht den Superstar , Das Supertalent , SSDSGPS , Star Search , Keep Your Light Shining , Rising Star and X Factor .

Winners produced by these programs have seldom been able to achieve greater success in Germany so far, and most of the time there has only been one hit list . Many of the participants also did not achieve any sales success at all and complained in later interviews about the severely restrictive contractual conditions with the record companies or managers involved.

dance

Dance is both sporty and popular at social gatherings in Germany, notably social dances like the Discofox and popular dances . Historical dances and folk dances include styles such as sword dance , gallop , round dance , Bavarian polka , Low German folk dances , German dance , cross polka , Rhinelander and guard dance . The waltz , which is still modern today, developed from southern German dance variants such as Länders and Schuhplattler .

literature

  • Axel Schildt , Detlef Siegfried : German cultural history. The Federal Republic from 1945 to the present. Carl Hanser, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-446-23414-7 , pp. 83–86 (“Klangwelten”), p. 108 f. ("Deutsche Schlager"), p. 171 f. (“Konzertleben”), p. 237 f. (“[Politicized] Music”), p. 322 (“New Music”), p. 342 (“City festivals”), pp. 359–364 (“Popular music” and others), p. 502 (“Hip-Hop and world music ”), p. 533 f. ("Lay culture").
  • The Legacy of German Music is a series on German music history.

Web links

Commons : Music in Germany  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Germany is the third largest music market in the world. Annual press conference. Bundesverband Musikindustrie , April 11, 2011, archived from the original on May 14, 2011 ; Retrieved January 3, 2013 .
  2. ↑ Axel Schildt , Detlef Siegfried : German cultural history. The Federal Republic from 1945 to the present. Carl Hanser, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-446-23414-7 , p. 533 f.
  3. ↑ Music division report: In Germany, 128,000 people are employed in music professions. In: Backstage PRO , April 13, 2017.
  4. ↑ The German theater and orchestra landscape is to become a world heritage. In: Der Standard , December 19, 2016.
  5. ↑ (Festivals 2011). Archived from the original on June 19, 2010 ; accessed on March 16, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Gag contracts for superstars. In: Münchner Abendzeitung . February 19, 2010, accessed January 31, 2015 .
  7. ↑ The dark sides of the RTL glitter show. In: Handelsblatt . December 22, 2011, accessed January 31, 2015 .