Ring highway
A ring road is a highway that surrounds a city, like a ring, completely or largely ( ring road ). In fact, we speak of professional beltway ( motorway bypass or circumvention ), a ring road can represent a beltway even a stretch.
Due to their definition as a motorway (or an expressway), slow traffic participants are not allowed on ring motorways, and the flow of traffic takes place without intersections via junctions, which accelerates the flow enormously compared to other road rings. Therefore, despite their space requirements, motorways are always a narrower choice for city rings. A motorway ring allows transit traffic to drive around a city; Thanks to its ring shape, it connects all of the motorways and access roads that run centrally through it . The main goal is to make the bypass of a city faster and thus more attractive than crossing it, and on the other hand to make the approaches to the city districts more direct: Especially in large cities, which are usually an important traffic junction of many highways, it is important to keep traffic to run the city, to relieve it. In addition, road users can approach the city from all directions without having to drive through the city center. This saves narrow and dangerous passages through the city center. In parallel, inner-city transit (radial traffic) can also be accelerated. Motorway rings are therefore enormously important for relieving inner-city stop-and-go traffic and thus also for reducing vehicle noise and fine dust, an effect that is largely nullified in the event of congestion (especially frequent traffic jams).
Not all motorway rings have been completely closed, be it for settlement, money or nature conservation reasons. Local or landscape conditions, such as mountains, can also stop the further development of a motorway ring. Although it would be possible to continue a motorway ring by building noise protection walls, underground routes and tunnels, this complex construction method means that highways are very costly: Many of the rings planned for completion have the much faster settlement of the suburbs and the suburban area as well as the development of long-distance traffic In the meantime, completely changed traffic flows have been created, which often make decades-old plans obsolete: There is an increasing tendency to supplement or even replace rings that have already grown into the cities with further, even more distant rings (outer rings), or even large-scale bypasses: several dozen kilometers of radius A larger city does not play a role in today's traffic flow, the large-scale management of transit and access in the cardinal points of the city's fat belt must be prepared far outside. Efficient urban traffic management planning always requires a suitable combination of rings and radial main traffic routes that are networked with each other.
Germany
In Germany , some large cities have a motorway ring. There are no special traffic regulations for motorway rings, but the maximum speed is usually limited by the high volume of traffic.
Berlin
There are eight motorway triangles on the Berliner Ring (five of them with external connections) and a motorway intersection with connections to the outside and inside. At 196 km, this motorway ring is also the longest in Europe . In the city there were also plans for a city ring, which is currently only a half ring ( A 100 ). Although the route is to be expanded, there are no plans to close the ring in the north, but it is still called the Berlin city ring .
Dortmund
The Dortmund motorway ring consists of the three motorways A 1 , A 2 and A 45 , which form a "triangular" ring. The A 2 forms the northern, the A 1 the south-eastern and the A 45 the south-western part of the ring road. In addition, the A 40 , A 42 and A 44 have connections to the Dortmund motorway ring, so that a total of six motorways converge here. Together with the federal highways B 1 , B 54 and B 236 , which have been developed in a manner similar to autobahns, a total of nine heavily frequented main roads meet at the Dortmund motorway ring. With the rededication of the Rhineland and Westfalendamm to the A 40 after the completion of extensive tunnel and bridge work, an additional transit motorway will be created through the southern Dortmund city center in a few years; In addition, the B 236 , which has been partially developed like a motorway, currently runs in a north-south direction through the eastern urban area.
Dusseldorf
The beltway Düsseldorf is composed of the motorways A 3 , A 44 , A 46 and A 57 .
Frankfurt am Main
The A 3 , A 5 and A 661 motorways form a "triangular" ring around Frankfurt am Main . The A3 in the south from Frankfurter Kreuz via the southern junctions to Offenbacher Kreuz . In the north-west, the A 5 lies between the densely built-up inner-city area and the western parts of the city; it is intersected by the A 648 ( Westkreuz ) and A 66 ( Nordwestkreuz ) motorways, and there are two junctions south of the two motorway junctions. In the north of Frankfurt the A 661 crosses the A 5 at the Bad Homburg junction . The A 661 runs in the northeast and east of the city, a junction to the A 66 towards Fulda is being planned. At Offenbacher Kreuz, in the southeast of Frankfurt, the A 661 then crosses the A 3. This ring has not yet been marked as such.
Hamburg
Hamburg does not have a pronounced ring road, however, the urban area by the highways is A 1 , A 7 , A 23 , A 24 and A 25 around affected. A northern connection is missing so far, this role is to be taken over by the planned extension of the A 20 as a north-west bypass of Hamburg . In the west, the city is not bypassed by the A 7, but rather cut through - this bypass is intended to represent the planned extension of the A 26 in the future .
Cologne
Seven different federal motorways ( A 1 , A 3 , A 4 , A 57 , A 59 , A 555 , A 559 ) with a total of eleven strings at seven motorway junctions and one motorway triangle run towards the Cologne motorway ring . The 51.8 km long Kölner Ring consists of the A 1, A 3 and A 4 and is one of the busiest motorway sections in Europe . The volume of traffic amounts to 360,000 vehicles per day, 15% of which are trucks.
Leipzig
Leipzig also has a motorway ring with the A 9 in the west, the A 14 in the north and the A 38 in the southeast. The triangle is connected by another (incomplete) motorway ring around Halle / Saale in the north-west. The Central German Loop includes the federal motorways A 9, A 14, A 38 and A 143, a "motorway double ring" that partially extends a little further into the surrounding country.
Munich
The Munich motorway ring is not a complete ring, but is not yet closed in the south of Munich . It extends from the A 96 in the west to the A 8 in the southeast. There are seven motorways (six different federal motorways) running across three motorway triangles and four motorway junctions. Another special feature is the Eschenried clasp in the northwest.
Furthermore, the (closed) so-called Middle Ring ( B 2R ) , which is largely similar to a motorway, exists in the city area.
Mainz / Wiesbaden
The Mainzer Ring consists of a total of four motorways ( A 60 , A 643 , A 66 , A 671 ) and a federal highway, two of which (A 66 and A 671) run completely on the Hessian side south of Wiesbaden .
Oldenburg
The Oldenburg motorway ring is formed by the two motorways A 28 (Delmenhorst-Leer) and A 29 (Ahlhorner Dreieck-Wilhelmshaven) and the connecting motorway A 293 . The complete ring closure did not take place until 2007, when the north cross was completely expanded. Before that, there was no possibility for vehicles coming from the south on the A 29 to switch to the A 293, and no vehicles could switch from the A 293 to the A 29 heading south. In addition, the Nordtangente (L 865), a four-lane expressway, connects the A 293 and A 29 motorways so that the ring was already closed.
A special feature of the Oldenburg motorway ring is that the sections between Oldenburg-Wechloy (A 28) or Oldenburg-Nadorst (A 293) on the one hand and Oldenburg-Osternburg on the other (A 28) run through the middle of closed residential developments on an embankment, making this part des Ringes is an urban motorway with a very high traffic and connection density, which takes up a large part of the inner-city traffic. This fact arises from the fact that the sections mentioned were designed and built after the Second World War as inner-city " bypasses " in the course of the federal highways B 69 and B 75 .
Other cities in Germany
Due to the dense motorway network in the metropolitan areas of the Ruhr area and Rhine-Main , there is a closed motorway ring around many cities, which does not typically lead around a city, but is part of a complex system. For example, historic Ratingen (without incorporations) is surrounded by a triangle made up of the A 3 , A 52 and A 44 motorways . A ring of A 2 , A 39 and A 391 leads around Braunschweig - since the A 39 was completed .
In Bremen , the motorway ring consists of the A 1 , A 27 , the planned A 282 ( B 6 and B 75 ) and the A 28 . The A 281 cuts through the ring.
In Bochum , the inner city motorway ring consists of the A 40 , A 448 , A 44 and A 43 motorways .
In Duisburg , the motorway ring consists of the A3 , A42 , A57 and A524 motorways . A special feature are the A59 and A40 motorways , which each form a north-south and an east-west connection within the ring, making the Duisburg ring more like a chessboard.
The city of Giessen is surrounded by the Giessener Ring . This consists of approx. 24 km of motorway and federal road sections, the latter being similar to a motorway.
Osnabrück will have a motorway ring when the gap between the A 33 and the A 1 has been closed. About of this is already available through the A 1 , A 33 and A 30 , but not shown as a ring.
Austria
Vienna
With the opening of Europe to the east and growing traffic in the eastern part of Austria , a ring around Vienna became necessary. S 1 , some of which is still being planned, forms the main section. Since the continuation of the ring in the west (to St. Pölten) does not correspond to a typical motorway ring, the ring around Vienna is called the regional ring .
The streets networked in the ring are the S 1 , A 22 , S 5 , S 33 , A 1 and A 21 . The entire ring has a length of 195 km and has been completed except for the Schwechat - Lobauquerung - Süßenbrunn section .
In the 1970s, an inner-city ring road consisting of A22 , A23 and the never realized A20 (Wiener Gürtel Autobahn) was planned .
Linz
Half of the Linz motorway ring is still being planned and will consist of the existing A7 and the planned A26 ( Linzer Westring ) .
catfish
The A1 , A8 and A25 motorways form the motorway ring around the city of Wels. The last section, the Welser Westspange , which was then assigned to the A8, was completed in 2003.
Salzburg
The Salzburg motorway ring covers only about 2 ⁄ 3 of the city and is formed from the end of the A1 and the beginning of the A10 (Tauern Autobahn) . There is no ring road for the rest of the city, where the Gaisberg as a city mountain blocks further development.
Switzerland
There is no closed motorway ring in Switzerland. The north bypass of Zurich A1 is commonly referred to as the north ring. In 2009, the western bypass of Zurich A3 with the Uetliberg tunnel (connection A1 and A3) was opened. These two streets surround Zurich to around 70%.
Belgium
In Belgium ring motorways and certain bypasses are called ring . The rules that apply to a ring vary according to its street classification.
- The main ring ( R0 ) of Brussels is almost entirely classified as a motorway , which means that the speed limit, with the exception of some sections, is 120 km / h . For the northern part of the R0 around Brussels, an expansion to at least 10, in some cases even up to 17 lanes is planned. The volume of traffic is particularly high on this section through Brussels-Zaventem Airport .
- Ring 2 , also known as Großer Ring Antwerpen (Dutch: Grote ring rond Antwerpen), is a 13 km long city motorway and western bypass around Antwerp .
- Ring 3 leads south around Charleroi . Inside is the small city ring 9
- Ring 4 leads around Ghent . It is about 60 km long and not an urban highway.
- Ring 5 leads around Mons (Bergen)
- Ring 6 leads around Mechelen
- Ring 8 runs around Kortrijk as a city motorway . It is connected to the Autobahn 19 (to Ieper).
France
In France , the speed limit and the right of way on a ring road ( French: boulevard périphérique or Ceinture périphérique (ceinture = belt); bypass is called rocade ) depends on the rank of the road. As a rule, ring motorways are considered motorways: they give way and the maximum speed is set at 90 to 110 km / h.
The Paris ring motorway is a special case : because it is classified as a “route départementale” (and not as a “voie rapide urbaine”), the speed limit is 70 km / h, and vehicles coming from the right have right of way at feeders .
Paris
The 35-kilometer Paris ring road " Boulevard périphérique " was inaugurated on April 25, 1973. It follows the border between Paris and the neighboring municipalities almost exactly, with the exception of the Bois de Boulogne and Vincennes regions , both of which belong to Paris, but are separated from the city by the ring road; the same applies to the Issy-les-Moulineaux heliport and certain adjacent areas of the 15th arrondissement of Paris .
The ring road consists of three to four lanes in each direction of travel. It is by far the busiest road in France and its surface is particularly resilient. In 2003 the first three automatic radars in France were installed along this motorway.
The Périphérique will not be expanded as an inner ring; instead, more motorway rings around Paris have been planned. The Autoroute A86 "Super-Périphérique" as the second ring was completed in 2011. The third ring, Francilienne, is supposed to enclose almost all of the Île-de-France and is comparable in length to the Berliner Ring and the London Orbital. In addition, the fourth ring plan is the Grand contournement de Paris , of which only a few sections have been built so far.
Toulouse
The city of Toulouse's ring road is 47 km long and consists of three lanes in each direction of travel. It is not an actual ring, but the connection of the A 61 and A 62 motorways, one of which runs west and the other east of the city and which has the effect of a ring motorway.
Other cities in France
The cities of Bordeaux , Caen ("Boulevard périphérique"), Lille (Boulevard périphérique), Lyon , Nantes and Rennes also have a ring road.
Other major French cities (> 100,000 inhabitants) with important bypass roads are:
- Amiens
- Angers
- Besançon
- Dijon (Boulevard périphérique de Dijon)
- Grenoble (Périphérie routière de Grenoble)
- Le Mans (Rocade du Mans)
- Limoges (Contournements de Limoges)
- Lyon (Boulevard périphérique; A46 / A432)
- Marseille (Rocade périphérique de Marseille)
- Metz (Rocade de Metz)
- Montauban (Rocade de Montauban)
- Montpellier (Liaison intercantonale d'évitement north)
- Nancy (Rocade périphérique de Nancy)
- Nice : (A 8 / Contournement routier de Nice)
- Orléans (Tangentielle d'Orléans)
- Rennes (Rocade de Rennes)
- Rouen (Rocade de Rouen)
- Saint-Étienne (Boulevard périphérique de Saint-Étienne)
- Toulouse (Périphérique de Toulouse)
- Tours (Périphérique de Tours)
Great Britain
London
The M25 "London Orbital" motorway surrounds the entire city of Greater London and, at 188 km, is the third longest motorway ring in Europe after the Berliner Ring (which is 8 km longer) and the regional ring around Vienna (195 km). The ring road is part of a concept of four ring roads, with the inner ring, the ring road around the City of London , roughly coinciding with the border of the London Congestion Charge .
Manchester
The Motorway M60 (Manchester Outer Ring Road or Manchester Orbital) was created from individual sections of the motorway and has had its own name since 2000.
Ireland
In Dublin, the M50 motorway was built in the 1990s, which surrounds the city to the west and incorporates the national roads and motorways of Ireland that end in Dublin. In 2006 the port tunnel was opened in Dublin, which closes the ring road to the east and runs under the north-eastern part of Dublin to the port. The ring road is of particular importance to Dublin commuters who live in the suburbs outside the ring. During the construction period from 1987 to 2005, the motorway was notoriously congested, but after extensions it is now easy to drive even at peak times.
Italy
Most of Italy's major cities have a ring road. Apart from the Roman ring road, they are called tangenziale (German: bypass).
- Rome ( A90 / Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA) )
- Bologna ( RA1 )
- Catania ( RA15 )
- Milan ( A50 / Tangenziale Ovest ; A51 / Tangenziale Est ; A52 / Tangenziale Nord )
- Naples ( A56 )
- Pavia ( A53 / RA7 ; A54 / Tangenziale Est )
- Turin ( A55 )
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, the ring roads of larger cities are marked with a sign Ring or Ring Musterstadt next to their normal street number . In most cases the ring roads are as Autoweg executed.
Amsterdam
The Rijksweg 10 forms the beltway of the Dutch capital and is only 32 kilometers long. Furthermore, when the construction work was completed in 2012, motorways 5 and 9 were to form a half-ring around the southern edge of Amsterdam.
Rotterdam
The Rotterdam motorway ring consists of four different highways and is 41 kilometers long. The ring crosses the Maas in two places and is also part of several transit routes ( port Rotterdam- Ruhr area and Amsterdam-Antwerp), making it one of the busiest roads in the Netherlands.
Utrecht and Groningen also have a motorway ring.
Poland
In primary road network in Poland two ring roads are around the cities of Lodz and Warsaw planned.
The Łódź ring road will be the longest ring road in Poland with a total length of 118 kilometers. Half of it will be classified as a motorway and half as an expressway . The roads networked in the ring are the A1 , A2 , S8 and S14 expressways . The ring road should be completely completed by 2021.
A ring road with a total length of 85 kilometers is planned around the state capital Warsaw . The so-called expressway ring Warsaw is to be completely classified as an expressway and made up of the expressways S2 , S7 , S8 and S17 . Completion is currently scheduled for 2020.
Russia
Moscow
By 1980, the 109 km long MKAD closed off the urban area of Moscow . Today it is the second motorway ring around Moscow, alongside the Third Transport Ring. Another is under construction, see fourth traffic ring .
St. Petersburg
On September 7, 2006, the newly built KAD ring road around Saint Petersburg was opened to traffic throughout. The 66-kilometer route bypasses the port city in the east. The current road construction project in Russia, which has cost around two billion euros to date, began in spring 2001. In eight to ten years, the ring road is to bypass St. Petersburg in the west as well. It's then a total of 115 kilometers.
Slovakia
In the Slovak motorway network , there is currently a ring road, which is majority under construction or planned. This is located near the capital Bratislava and is number D4 . Currently only a small section between the state border with Austria and the motorway junction with the D2 near Jarovce and a short feeder near Stupava are in operation. In addition, the Jarovce– Rača section is expected to be under construction until 2021.
Czech Republic
Prague
In Prague there is an approx. 80 km long motorway ring that is about halfway finished. The motorways D1 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7 , D8 , D10 and D11 branch off from here. He bears the number D0 . All gaps are to be closed by 2030.
Brno
In Brno there is a so-called Great City Ring (Velký městský okruh). It consists of several tunnels.
Thailand
Bangkok
The Outer Bangkok Ring Road is a highway that goes around Bangkok . It bears the national road number 9 (Thanon Kanchanaphisek) and is toll in the eastern part . Since November 16, 2007, the ring road has been complete and open to traffic. This ring highway was built as a bypass route for the greater Bangkok area, in order to relieve the metropolitan area from through traffic and in all directions.
Turkey
Ankara
Ankara's ring road is the O-20 .
United States
In the USA, due to the already high volume of traffic and the associated density of expressways, especially in metropolitan areas, there is often at least one ring road.
These bypass routes are partially composed of interstate highways or interstate highways and highways.
In some cases there are several concentric ring highways, with the innermost ring mostly completely enclosing the relatively small city center (CBD).
Interstate highways, which function as ring roads, are marked with three-digit numbers in the numbering system.
Washington, DC
Interstate 495 (I-495), better known as the Capital Beltway or simply Beltway, was completed on August 17, 1964 . This ring road encloses the US capital Washington, DC for a length of 64 miles (103 km) . The expression inside the Beltway is now widely used (and often disparagingly) to designate political operations and the associated areas (administration, media, lobbyists, etc.) in the capital. This term is often used to imply that the horizon of the relevant people and institutions ends at that Beltway and that the "real world" outside of Washington is a book with seven seals for them.
Jacksonville
The 98 km long Interstate 295 around the city of Jacksonville , Florida was built from 1967 to 1977.
Manhattan
About three quarters of the New York borough of Manhattan is enclosed by freeways. However, FDR Drive , Harlem River Drive and Henry Hudson Drive do not form a ring, as only FDR Drive and Harlem River Drive are directly connected and the Lower West Side is not enclosed at all.
People's Republic of China
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The Liaozhong Ring Highway (G91) is a 399 km ring-shaped highway in Liaoning Province in northeast China. -
The Hangzhou Bay Ring Highway (G92) is a 427 km long ring-shaped highway around Hangzhou Bay , which it crosses with the Hangzhou Wan Daqiao Bridge. It has two “arms” that lead to Shanghai and the port of Ningbo . -
The Chengyu ring highway (G93) is the world's longest ring-shaped highway with a length of 1,057 km and includes the central Chinese metropolises of Chengdu and Chongqing . -
The Pearl River Delta Ring Highway (G94) is a 456 km ring-shaped highway that will connect Hong Kong , Macau , Zhuhai , Shenzhen and Guangdong with the region's major metropolitan areas. Currently only the western and eastern parts have been realized. The southern section is to cross the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge . -
The Hainan Ring Highway (G98) is a 613 km long ring-shaped highway on the southern Chinese island of Hainan . -
The Taiwan Ring Highway (G99) is a hypothetical 767 km long ring highway in the numbering system of the People's Republic of China on the territory of Taiwan , the realization of which is unlikely due to the Taiwan conflict . - Numerous metropolises in China have local motorway rings, such as Beijing , Chongqing , Chengdu , Xi'an , Hangzhou , Zhengzhou , Harbin and Shenyang .
