Bundestag election 2013

The strongest party was the CDU . Together with the CSU , with which it traditionally forms a union and a parliamentary group in the Bundestag , it achieved 41.5% of the valid second votes . This widened the gap between the Union parties and the SPD , which was only able to gain slightly after the major losses in 2009. On the other hand, the Greens , the Left and above all the FDP , which was no longer represented in parliament for the first time since the Federal Republic was founded, lost votes ; thus the 18th Bundestag only had four parliamentary groups.

There was a record high (15.7%) in the votes for parties that, like the FDP and the alternative for Germany , which was presented for the first time, failed because of the 5 percent hurdle and were therefore not taken into account in the distribution of seats. This led to the fact that the parties represented in parliament were elected by less than 60% of the eligible voters, although the turnout of 71.5% was 0.72 percentage points above the historic low of the 2009 Bundestag election , and to the fact that the Union parties despite their result of just over 40% just missed an absolute majority of the seats. As a result, criticism of the threshold clause was again raised.

The new Bundestag met for the first time on October 22nd, the last day of the period prescribed for this in Article 39, Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law. 230 of the 631 MPs (= 36.5%) were members of the German Bundestag for the first time . 230 of the MPs were women (in the previous legislative period there were 204).

The parties CDU, CSU and SPD agreed on a coalition government. On December 17, the Bundestag elected Angela Merkel as Chancellor. The cabinet was then sworn in.

→ For general information on the election of the German Bundestag, see Bundestag election .

→ For more information on the incumbent federal government, see Cabinet Merkel III .

Suffrage and organization

Polling station for the federal election

Postal voting documents for the 2013 Bundestag election

Signpost to the polling station

Events

According to Article 39 of the Basic Law , the new election of the German Bundestag takes place at the earliest 46 and at the latest 48 months after the German Bundestag meets. The 17th German Bundestag met on October 27, 2009. As a result, the election, which must take place on a Sunday or a public holiday ( Section 16 of the Federal Election Act ), could be held on September 1 at the earliest and October 27, 2013 at the latest.

The election day is set by the Federal President . As a rule, he takes up the proposal of the federal government , which in turn is usually prepared by the Federal Minister of the Interior . In principle, holidays in the federal states are taken into account when proposing the election date.

The Bavarian CSU / FDP government had agreed on September 15, 2013 as the date for the state elections in Bavaria 2013 , at the same time they wanted to ensure that state and federal elections do not take place on the same day, but as far apart as possible. If the black and yellow federal government or the Federal President had granted this request, the Bundestag would have had to be elected on a holiday weekend for the first time since 1994 in some federal states .

In connection with the hearing of the federal states, which was concluded on November 20, 2012 and the majority of them agreed that September 22, 2013 would be the election date, ZEIT Online reported the expectation of "government circles" that "[...] the cabinet" would join will.

Time of election and deadlines in advance of the election

On January 31, 2013, the Cabinet Committee agreed on September 22nd, on February 6th, the Cabinet agreed, and on February 8th, 2013, the date was set with the signature of Federal President Joachim Gauck .

The election date results in different deadlines in the run-up to the election:

June 17, 2013 (97th day): Notification of participation by "non-established parties" at the Federal Returning Officer (Section 18 (2) BWG)

July 5, 2013 (79th day): Decision of the Federal Electoral Committee on party status (§ 18 (4) BWG)

July 9, 2013: expiry of the four-day deadline for complaints to the Federal Constitutional Court against the decision of the Federal Electoral Committee (Section 18 (4a) BWG)

July 15, 2013 (69th day): Submission of nominations to the regional or district returning officers (Section 19 BWG)

July 25, 2013 (59th day): Latest date for a decision by the Federal Constitutional Court on party decisions by the Federal Electoral Committee (Section 18 (4a) BWG)

July 26, 2013 (58th day): Decision of the state and district electoral committees on admission to the list (§ 26 (1) or 28 BWG)

July 29, 2013: expiry of the three-day deadline for complaints to the federal electoral committee due to list admissions (§ 26 (2) and 28 (2) BWG)

August 1, 2013 (52nd day): Decision of the Federal Electoral Committee on admission complaints (§ 26 (2) or 28 (2) BWG)

August 5, 2013 (48th day): Public announcement of the approved state and district nominations (§ 26 (3) and 28 (3) BWG)

August 18, 2013 (35th day): Deadline for the entry of those entitled to vote in the electoral roll (Section 16 (1) of the Federal Electoral Code )

September 1, 2013: Expiry of the application-related entry in the electoral roll

September 6, 2013: Objection deadline due to (missing) entries in the electoral roll

September 12, 2013: Latest notification of the decision on the objections to the correctness of the electoral roll

September 16, 2013: Formal announcement of the beginning and end of the election period, electoral districts, voting rooms, ballot papers and voting procedures

September 20, 2013, 6:00 p.m. (2nd day): Expiry of the regular deadline for applying for ballot papers (postal vote) (§ 27 (4) BWO)

Previous constitutional problems with the federal electoral law

According to a ruling by the Federal Constitutional Court , the federal electoral law should have been amended by June 30, 2011 in order to remedy the negative weighting of the vote that was declared unconstitutional . This deadline was not met by the Bundestag. An amendment to the electoral law only came into effect on December 3, 2011. The Federal Constitutional Court also declared the newly regulated allocation of seats unconstitutional in its decision of July 25, 2012. It was criticized that the new electoral law does not eliminate the effect of the negative voting weight, the newly introduced utilization of the remaining votes is incompatible with the Basic Law and therefore null and void and that the regulation creates overhang seats in a number that cancels "the basic character of the Bundestag election as proportional representation ".

In October 2012, the parliamentary groups of the Union, SPD, FDP and Greens agreed on an amendment to the federal electoral law, which includes the introduction of compensation mandates. Depending on the number of overhang seats and different levels of voter turnout at state level, the total number of seats can increase considerably. The change came into effect on May 9, 2013.

The right to vote for Germans abroad was also reorganized after the Federal Constitutional Court declared the regulation, which has been in force since 2008, to be unconstitutional. The law change came into force on May 3, 2013. According to this, Germans abroad are entitled to vote after they have reached the age of 18 if they have lived in Germany for at least three consecutive months after reaching the age of 14 and no more than 25 years have passed since moving away. Other Germans abroad may only vote if they “have acquired personal and direct familiarity with the political situation in the Federal Republic of Germany for other reasons and are affected by them”.

Constituency division

At the time of the election, the federal territory was divided into 299 constituencies. In its report to the Bundestag on January 28, 2011, the constituency commission appointed by the Federal President in accordance with Section 3 of the Federal Electoral Act recommended a series of changes to the constituency division due to population shifts. As a result, the German Bundestag passed the Twentieth Act to amend the Federal Electoral Act , which came into force on April 19, 2012. The main points of the law are:

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania lost one constituency and now has only six constituencies. The remaining constituencies received a new layout and new names.
Hesse gained one constituency and now has 22 constituencies. In East Hesse, a new constituency was set up under the name Main-Kinzig - Wetterau II - Schotten . The delimitation of the previous East Hesse constituencies has been changed accordingly.

In the other federal states, only a number of smaller border adjustments were planned. In addition, the numbering of many constituencies changed due to the shift of the constituency from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to Hesse.

Election observer

The OSCE sent two election observers.

initial situation

Bundestag election 2009

(Second votes)

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

33.8

23.0

14.6

11.9

10.7

2.0

1.5

2.5

Otherwise.

First majority in the 2009 Bundestag election . The higher the proportion of white, the smaller the distance to the second strongest force; (light blue: CDU, dark blue: CSU, red: SPD, violet: Die Linke, green: Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen).

A black-yellow coalition made up of CDU / CSU and FDP under Chancellor Angela Merkel ( Merkel II cabinet ) has ruled since the 2009 Bundestag election . The SPD and the parties Die Linke and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen formed the opposition in the German Bundestag. During the legislative period , the Pirate Party, which failed in 2009 with 2.0% of the five percent hurdle, made it into four state parliaments .

Parties and candidates

A total of 34 parties ran for election. Of these, 30 parties ran with state lists, four only with district election proposals, i.e. direct candidates. A total of 4,451 people ran for the Bundestag, 1,149 of them women. Compared to the 2009 Bundestag election, 895 more people ran for election.

Parties

Official model for the voting slip for the 2013 federal election in constituency 186 - Darmstadt

A total of 233 state lists from 30 parties have been approved in the 16 countries. 2705 people ran for election in the 299 constituencies.

CDU - Christian Democratic Union of Germany (not in Bavaria; 254 district election nominations)

SPD - Social Democratic Party of Germany (in all federal states; 299 district election nominations)

FDP - Free Democratic Party (in all federal states; 298 district election nominations)

Die Linke (in all federal states; 298 district election nominations)

Alliance 90 / The Greens (in all federal states; 299 district election nominations)

CSU - Christian Social Union in Bavaria (only in Bavaria; 45 district election proposals)

Pirate Party Germany (in all federal states; 276 district election proposals)

NPD - National Democratic Party of Germany (in all federal states; 258 district election nominations)

Free voters (in all federal states; 174 district election proposals)

AfD - Alternative for Germany (in all federal states; 158 district election proposals)

MLPD - Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany (in all federal states; 41 district election nominations)

pro Germany - Citizens' movement pro Germany (13 state lists, not in Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia; three district election proposals)

The Republicans (ten state lists, not in Bremen, Hamburg, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein; 21 district election proposals)

ÖDP - Ecological Democratic Party (eight state lists: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Hamburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia; 62 district election proposals)

BüSo - civil rights movement Solidarity (six state lists: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony; 38 district election proposals)

The PARTY - party for work, the rule of law, animal welfare, elite support and grassroots initiative (five state lists: Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia; 32 district election nominations)

Animal Welfare Party - Human Environment Animal Welfare Party (five state lists: in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Bremen, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein; two district election proposals)

Party of Reason (four state lists: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate; six district election proposals)

Alliance 21 / RRP (three state lists: Bavaria, Bremen, North Rhine-Westphalia; 17 district election proposals)

BIG - Alliance for Innovation and Justice (three state lists: Baden-Württemberg, Berlin, North Rhine-Westphalia; six district election proposals)

RENTNER - Pensioners Party Germany (three state lists: Baden-Württemberg, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein; one district election proposal)

PSG - Party for Social Equality, Section of the Fourth International (three state lists: Berlin, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia)

PBC - Party of Biblical Christians (two state lists: Baden-Württemberg and Lower Saxony; five district election proposals)

Referendum - From now on ... Democracy through referendum (two state lists: Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia; two district election proposals)

Bavaria Party (state list in Bavaria; eleven district election proposals)

Die Violetten - for spiritual politics (state list in Bavaria; five district election proposals)

Family Party of Germany (state list in Saarland; four district election proposals)

Feminist Party Die Frauen (state list in Bavaria)

The rights (state list in North Rhine-Westphalia)

Party of non-voters (state list in North Rhine-Westphalia)

DKP - German Communist Party (six district election proposals)

Mountain party, the "ÜberPartei" (a district election proposal in Berlin)

BGD - Federation for Germany as a whole (a district election proposal)

No! Idea (a constituency nomination)

In addition, 81 individual applicants competed , including Siegfried Kauder in the constituency of Schwarzwald-Baar, Wolfgang Nešković in the constituency of Cottbus - Spree-Neiße and Michael Paris in the constituency of Frankfurt am Main II.

→ The election programs of all parties and their comparison are linked in the web links section

Admission of the parties and direct candidates

Chancellor candidate Peer Steinbrück (left) speaks with Sigmar Gabriel after the first projections in the Willy Brandt House

Angela Merkel announcing the first projection

According to Section 18 of the Federal Election Act, parties that have been represented by at least five MPs without interruption in the Bundestag or a state parliament since the last election on the basis of their own election proposals could submit state lists without prior notification of their participation in the election (CDU, SPD, FDP, Left, Greens , CSU, pirates, NPD, free voters). As a precaution, the Free Voters had indicated their intention to participate, even though they were represented by 20 MPs in the Bavarian State Parliament due to the election proposal of a previous regional organization . The federal electoral committee assigned these MPs to the party, so a decision on the notification of participation was unnecessary.

Other organizations had to notify the Federal Returning Officer of their intention to participate at least 97 days before the election - i.e. by June 17, 2013 . This was done by 58 associations (see list of parties intending to participate in the 2013 federal election ). The federal electoral committee decided on their recognition as parties on July 4 and 5, 2013. 29 organizations were recognized as parties. Twelve associations sued the Federal Constitutional Court against the negative determination of party status. The German National Assembly (DNV) was the only party to succeed in its complaint for recognition of party status, but did not run for election.

Nominations for election had to be submitted to the responsible regional returning officers or district returning officers by July 15, 2013, 6:00 p.m. Parties that are not represented in the Bundestag or a Landtag had to submit the necessary support signatures on this date . DNV and the previously recognized Christian Center - For a Germany According to God's Commandments (CM), Communist Party of Germany (KPD), Party of Common Sense Germany (GMD) and New Center (NM) did not run.

For district election proposals, the non-established parties and individual applicants each had to submit 200 supporting signatures for a candidacy.

Ranking on the ballot papers

According to Section 30 (3) of the Federal Election Act, the parties are listed on the ballot papers of a federal state in the order of the number of second votes they received in that state in the previous federal election. The other state lists follow in alphabetical order of the names of the parties. While the SPD was ranked first in 12 of the 16 federal states in the 2009 elections, this was only given in one state on the ballot papers in September 2013, namely Bremen . In contrast, the CDU and CSU were now in first place in 13 countries. In Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt , Die Linke was given list number 1 for the first time , in the other four eastern German states it was in second place. Brandenburg was the only state in which the CDU only took third place on the ballot papers; for the SPD, this was the case in the other five states in eastern Germany. The FDP was mostly listed in 3rd or 4th place, with the exception of 5th place in Berlin . The Greens were ranked third in Bremen and Hamburg, and fourth or fifth in the other countries. The pirate party was listed in eleven federal states in 6th place, with the exception of Saxony it was otherwise in 7th place.

Top candidates

Chancellor candidate or nationwide Spitzenkandidat are terms that are not anchored in electoral law. The Federal Chancellor is not elected directly but by the members of the German Bundestag. At the federal level, the nomination of top or chancellor candidates is of great political importance. In the individual federal states, the list leaders of the state list of a party are also often referred to as top candidates.

Since the ballot papers are based exclusively on state lists, the nationwide “Spitzenkandidaten” or “Chancellor candidates” only appear on the ballot papers of a single federal state. In the 2013 federal election, this was Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for Angela Merkel (1st place) and North Rhine-Westphalia for Peer Steinbrück (also 1st place). Rainer Brüderle , the top candidate of the FDP, was listed in second place on the Rhineland-Palatinate state list. In the “top duo” of the Greens, Katrin Göring-Eckardt ran for 1st place in Thuringia, Jürgen Trittin for 2nd place in Lower Saxony.

CDU / CSU

Angela Merkel after the first projections

Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU), who has been in office since 2005, announced in July 2011 that she wanted to run for a third term in 2013.

The following persons led the respective country lists of the CDU / CSU:

state	List leader
Baden-Württemberg	Wolfgang Schäuble
Bavaria (CSU)	Gerda Hasselfeldt
Berlin	Monika Grütters
Brandenburg	Michael Stübgen
Bremen	Elisabeth Motschmann
Hamburg	Marcus Weinberg
Hesse	Franz Josef Jung
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Angela Merkel
Lower Saxony	Ursula von der Leyen
North Rhine-Westphalia	Norbert Lammert
Rhineland-Palatinate	Maria Böhmer
Saarland	Peter Altmaier
Saxony	Thomas de Maizière
Saxony-Anhalt	Heike Brehmer
Schleswig-Holstein	Johann Wadephul
Thuringia	Manfred Grund

SPD

Peer Steinbruck

On September 28, 2012, the SPD party leader Sigmar Gabriel announced at a joint press conference with the former Federal Finance Minister Peer Steinbrück and the parliamentary group chairman in the Bundestag, Frank-Walter Steinmeier , that Steinbrück would run as the top candidate of the SPD. The nomination convention of the SPD's candidate for chancellor took place on December 9, 2012 in Hanover. Steinbrück was elected candidate for chancellor with 93.45 percent of the delegate votes.

The following persons led the respective state lists of the SPD:

state	List leader
Baden-Württemberg	Gernot Erler
Bavaria	Florian Pronold
Berlin	Eva Högl
Brandenburg	Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Bremen	Carsten Sieling
Hamburg	Aydan Özoguz
Hesse	Michael Roth
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Sonja Steffen
Lower Saxony	Sigmar Gabriel
North Rhine-Westphalia	Peer Steinbruck
Rhineland-Palatinate	Andrea Nahles
Saarland	Elke Ferner
Saxony	Thomas Jurk
Saxony-Anhalt	Burkhard Lischka
Schleswig-Holstein	Ernst Dieter Rossmann
Thuringia	Carsten Schneider

The SPD gradually named politicians as members of a shadow cabinet , known by the SPD as the “competence team”. In the event of an SPD victory in the Bundestag election, they should receive a ministerial office. Steinbrück's spokesman was Michael Donnermeyer until June 2013 ; since June 10th it was Rolf Kleine .

Surname	activity	Area of responsibility in the team	Appointment date
Thomas Oppermann	First parliamentary manager of the SPD parliamentary group Chairman of the Parliamentary Control Body	Domestic politics	13th of May 2013
Klaus Wiesehügel	Federal chairman of the IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt	Work and social
Gesche Joost	Professor for design research at the Berlin University of the Arts	Networked society
Brigitte Zypries	Justiciar of the SPD parliamentary group	Consumer policy	May 27, 2013
Manuela Schwesig	Minister for Labor, Equality and Social Affairs in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Deputy SPD federal chairwoman	Women's and Family Policy Development of Eastern Germany Demographics inclusion
Florian Pronold	Deputy Chairman of the SPD parliamentary group	Infrastructure and Housing
Matthias Machnig	Minister for Economy, Labor and Technology in Thuringia	Environmental and energy policy	4th June 2013
Karl Lauterbach	Member of the German Bundestag	Health and care
Yasemin Karakaşoğlu	Professor for Intercultural Education at the University of Bremen	education and Science
Cornelia Füllkrug-Weitzel	Chairwoman of the Ecumenical Diakonia of the Diaconal Work of the Evangelical Church in Germany	Development Policy and Humanitarian Aid	June 10, 2013
Christiane Krajewski	Partner of the investment bank Leonardo & Co in Frankfurt am Main	Economic policy
Oliver Scheytt	Managing director of a universal personnel and strategy consultancy in Essen	Arts and Culture

FDP

Rainer Brüderle

In January 2013, at the suggestion of party leader (and Federal Minister of Economics) Philipp Rösler , the FDP decided that Rainer Brüderle should become the FDP's top candidate in the 2013 federal election.

The following people led the respective country lists of the FDP:

state	List leader
Baden-Württemberg	Dirk Niebel
Bavaria	Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
Berlin	Martin Lindner
Brandenburg	Martin Neumann
Bremen	Torsten Staffeldt
Hamburg	Burkhardt Müller-Sönksen
Hesse	Heinrich Leonhard Kolb
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Hagen Reinhold
Lower Saxony	Philipp Rösler
North Rhine-Westphalia	Guido Westerwelle
Rhineland-Palatinate	Volker Wissing
Saarland	Oliver Luksic
Saxony	Jan Mücke
Saxony-Anhalt	Cornelia Pieper
Schleswig-Holstein	Wolfgang Kubicki
Thuringia	Patrick Kurth

left

On January 21, 2013 Die Linke announced that it wanted to campaign with the following eight politicians as a top team: Nicole Gohlke , Jan van Aken , Caren Lay , Klaus Ernst , Gregor Gysi , Dietmar Bartsch , Sahra Wagenknecht and Diana Golze .

The following people headed the respective country lists of the Left:

state	List leader
Baden-Württemberg	Michael Bad
Bavaria	Klaus Ernst
Berlin	Gregor Gysi
Brandenburg	Diana Golze
Bremen	Agnes Alpers
Hamburg	Jan van Aken
Hesse	Sabine Leidig
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Dietmar Bartsch
Lower Saxony	Diether Dehm
North Rhine-Westphalia	Sahra Wagenknecht
Rhineland-Palatinate	Alexander Ulrich
Saarland	Thomas Lutze
Saxony	Katja Kipping
Saxony-Anhalt	Petra custom
Schleswig-Holstein	Cornelia Möhring
Thuringia	Kersten Steinke

Green

The two top candidates of the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party were elected by primary election, in which 62% of the approximately 60,000 party members participated. The results of the election were announced on November 10, 2012. Jürgen Trittin (71.9%) and Katrin Göring-Eckardt (47.9%) were elected, Renate Künast received 38.6% and Claudia Roth 26.2% of the votes.

The following people led the respective state lists of the Greens:

state	List leader
Baden-Württemberg	Kerstin Andreae
Bavaria	Claudia Roth
Berlin	Renate Künast
Brandenburg	Annalena Baerbock
Bremen	Marieluise Beck
Hamburg	Anja Hajduk
Hesse	Priska Hinz
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Harald Terpe
Lower Saxony	Katja Keul
North Rhine-Westphalia	Bärbel Höhn
Rhineland-Palatinate	Tabea Roessner
Saarland	Markus Tressel
Saxony	Monika Lazar
Saxony-Anhalt	Steffi Lemke
Schleswig-Holstein	Luise Amtsberg
Thuringia	Katrin Göring-Eckardt

TV duels

The television duel between the incumbent and the most promising challenger for the post of Chancellor took place on September 1st. It was hosted jointly by ARD , ZDF , RTL and ProSieben and broadcast on all four channels. Anne Will , Maybrit Illner , Peter Kloeppel and Stefan Raab were named as the moderator team for the 90-minute discussion between Angela Merkel and Peer Steinbrück .

TV duel market share

On September 2, the top candidates of the other three parties represented in the Bundestag fought a three-way TV battle that was broadcast live on the first . Rainer Brüderle , Gregor Gysi and Jürgen Trittin answered questions from WDR editor-in-chief Jörg Schönenborn and his colleague Sigmund Gottlieb from Bayerischer Rundfunk.

Odds

The ratings for the TV duel between Merkel and Steinbrück were as follows:

Sender, name of the program	total	14 to 49 years	14 to 59 years	total	14 to 49 years	14 to 59 years
Sender, name of the program	spectator			Market share
The first , the TV duel	10.11 million	3.17 million	4.73 million	29.1%	22.7%	23.5%
ZDF , the TV duel: Merkel - Steinbrück	3.71 million	0.89 million	1.55 million	10.7%	6.4%	7.7%
RTL , The TV Duel, episode 2	2.22 million	1.17 million	1.54 million	6.4%	8.4%	7.7%
ProSieben , the TV duel	1.51 million	1.12 million	1.34 million	4.3%	8.0%	6.7%
Phoenix , the TV duel	0.08 million			0.2%
Quotas of the five channels together	17.64 million			50.7%

Positions

Wahl-O-Mat

The Federal Agency for Civic Education (bpb) again presented the Wahl-O-Mat for the 2013 federal election , the content of which was developed by an editorial team of 25 young voters aged between 18 and 26 from all parts of Germany. They were advised by the bpb team and several scientists:

The table compares the positions of the parties represented in the Bundestag on various topics. It refers to the answers given by the parties in the election-O-Mat of the bpb. The Wahl-O-Mat has been controversial in the past; u. a. This is because complex points of view cannot always be clearly reduced to yes, no or neutral statements (the parties' reasons and explanations for the individual points of view can be found on the Wahl-O-Mats website).

Theses of Wahl-O-Mats

theses
theses	CDU / CSU	Social Democratic Party of Germany	Free Democratic Party	The left	Alliance 90 / The Greens
Nationwide minimum wage	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Abolish care allowance	No	Yes	no information	Yes	Yes
General speed limit	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Euro as currency	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Stricter state control of electricity prices	No	Yes	No	Yes	no information
CCTV expand	Yes	no information	No	No	No
Unconditional basic income	No	No	No	no information	no information
Funding only for organic agriculture	No	no information	No	no information	no information
Joint school lessons regardless of the cultural background	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Increase in the top tax rate	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Exit from NATO	No	No	No	Yes	No
No new construction of coal-fired power plants	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
The morning-after pill requires a prescription	Yes	No	no information	No	No
Nationalization of all banks	No	No	No	no information	No
More refugees record	No	Yes	no information	Yes	Yes
Wage replacement benefits for caring for relatives	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Unconstitutional parties may be banned	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
BAföG regardless of the parents' income	No	no information	Yes	Yes	Yes
Entry control at all German borders	No	No	No	No	No
Statutory quota for women	no information	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Less support for financially weak federal states	no information	No	No	No	No
Retirement age lower	No	Yes	no information	Yes	No
More employees with a migration background in the public sector	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ban on arms exports	No	No	No	Yes	no information
Ehegattensplitting maintained	Yes	no information	Yes	No	No
Turkey joins the EU	No	Yes	no information	Yes	Yes
Members of the Bundestag must disclose additional income	no information	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Energy-intensive industries must participate more in the energy transition	No	no information	No	Yes	Yes
Reduction in benefits for ALG II recipients who reject jobs	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Church tax retained	Yes	Yes	no information	No	no information
Choice of health insurance	Yes	no information	Yes	No	No
Each state should be liable for its own debts	Yes	no information	Yes	No	No
Adoption rights for same-sex partners	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
No data retention without cause	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
The rental price may only be increased to a limited extent for new leases	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Dual citizenship	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chargeable motorway use	no information	No	No	no information	No
Referendums at federal level	no information	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Election manifestos of the parties

The following positions of the parties represented in the Bundestag refer to their respective election programs . The selection of topics is based on the Tagesschau election dossier (there is also a detailed comparison of the programs). The individual election programs and the election dossier are linked in the Web Links section .

Domestic politics

CDU / CSU: Continued employment of so-called V-people at the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution . Expansion of video and internet surveillance. Adult criminal law is to become the rule for offenders between the ages of 18 and 21. No referendums at federal level. The retention should be reintroduced.

SPD: The protection of the constitution should become more transparent. Programs against right-wing extremism are to be expanded, and a ban proceedings against the NPD are to be initiated. Youth crime is to be combated through prevention. Introduction of binding referendums at federal level. Data retention is to be reintroduced.

FDP: Intelligence services should be more closely controlled by parliament. No online searches and checking of the BKA law . The military counterintelligence service is to be abolished. Introduction of binding referendums also at federal level. Data retention, like other government surveillance programs, is resolutely rejected.

Die Linke: The protection of the constitution and all other intelligence services are to be abolished. Identification requirements for uniformed police officers. Introduction of binding referendums at federal level. Data retention is rejected.

Greens: The tightening and expansion of the anti-terror laws should be reversed. The military counterintelligence service is to be abolished. The use of informants is rejected. Video surveillance in public spaces and online searches are rejected. Introduction of binding referendums at federal level. Data retention is rejected.

Financial markets

CDU / CSU: Indebted EU states should be sanctioned if they violate the Stability and Growth Pact . No introduction of Eurobonds . The Union wants to set up European banking supervision at the ECB. Introduction of the financial transaction tax .

SPD: Financial institutions should get stricter capital requirements . Introduction of a bank levy , a resolution authority for banks, EU banking supervision by the ECB and a European rating agency . The Social Democrats are also in favor of a European debt repayment fund. Introduction of the financial transaction tax .

FDP: Introduction of bank insolvency law at EU level and an insolvency regulation for states (banks and states should be able to go bankrupt instead of being too big to fail ). No introduction of Eurobonds or a debt repayment fund (no “communitisation” of debts). No introduction of the financial transaction tax.

The Left: Introduction of a bank tax. The ECB should be able to issue loans directly to the euro countries. The investment banking should be abolished, "shadow banks" are to be resolved. Large private banks are to be nationalized. Introduction of the financial transaction tax .

Greens: Introduction of the financial transaction tax as well as a debt brake for banks and a separate banking system . Tightening of equity capital regulations, resolution of crisis banks. Introduction of a debt repayment fund and long-term Eurobonds. The European Stability Mechanism ESM is to be converted into a European Monetary Fund.

Taxes and child benefits

CDU / CSU: No tax increases and no property levy and dismantling of the cold progression in income tax . Corporate taxation is to be aligned at EU level. Tax havens should be combated through better international cooperation. The child allowance is to be increased to the adult allowance .

SPD: Between an annual taxable income of 64,000 euros up to 100,000 euros (for married couples 128,000 euros to 200,000 euros), the tariff should be expanded so that the marginal tax rate increases linearly from 42% to the top tax rate of 49%. The child benefit should be staggered below a gross income of 36,000 euros per year, depending on income, with the maximum amount of child benefit being 324 euros per month. The child allowance should be limited to the actual subsistence level. The spouse splitting is to be retained for existing marriages and partnerships, but replaced by a “partnership tariff” for future ones. The withholding tax for capital income will be increased from 25 to 32 percent. The income generated by the tax increases should flow exclusively into debt reduction as well as into education and infrastructure. The property tax is to be reintroduced.

FDP: No tax increases and no property levy, but where possible a reduction in the tax burden and reduction of the cold progression . A tax brake should be anchored in the Basic Law. The solidarity surcharge is to expire. The tax system is to be simplified.

Basic tariffs SPD, Greens and Left in comparison with the current tariff 2013

Die Linke: The basic tax-free allowance is to rise to 9,300 euros, with the initial tax rate remaining at 14%. The tariff profile should be smoothed up to an annual taxable income of 65,000 euros. From this income onwards, a marginal tax rate of 53 percent should apply. As a result, taxable incomes below around 69,000 euros are relieved and charged above. For the part of the taxable income exceeding one million euros, the top tax rate of 75% should apply (“rich tax”). The child benefit is to be increased to at least 200 euros. The spouse splitting is to be replaced by an individual assessment. The corporation will be increased to 25%. The introduction of a property tax (“millionaire tax”) of five percent is planned.

Greens: The basic income tax allowance should rise to 8,712 euros. The tariff curve is to be extended to 45% with an annual taxable income of around 60,000 euros while maintaining the previous trend. Then the increase should be a little flatter up to the top tax rate of 49% with a taxable income of 80,000 euros. As a result, taxable incomes below about 60,000 euros are relieved and charged above. The child benefit is to be increased by a further 22 euros per month as an entry into a basic child protection scheme. The spouse splitting is to be replaced by an individual assessment with transfer of the basic tax allowance , whereby the " splitting advantage " is to be retained up to a maximum of 1500 euros. The inheritance tax is to be increased and the flat tax replaced by a progressive system.

Work, social affairs, health and family

Play media file

Reporting in the run-up to the federal election on statements by the Federal Minister of Labor and Social Affairs Ursula von der Leyen

CDU / CSU: Temporary workers should receive the same wages as the regular employees . The pension at 67 should be retained, the minimum pension should be € 850. The spouse splitting is to be supplemented by a family splitting . The care allowance should be retained. The equality of marriage with the registered civil partnership is rejected. Introduction of a women's quota of 30 percent for supervisory and executive boards in listed companies. Maintaining the current health insurance system.

SPD: Introduction of a statutory minimum wage of € 8.50 per hour. Temporary workers should receive the same wages as the permanent employees . Internships should have uniform standards for duration and remuneration. The pension at 67 should be retained, the minimum pension should be € 850. Abolition of childcare allowance , graduation of child allowance according to income. Complete equality of marriage with the registered civil partnership . Introduction of a women's quota of 40 percent for supervisory and management boards in listed companies. Introduction of citizens' insurance in the health system.

FDP: A liberal citizen's benefit is to be introduced, which combines social benefits such as ALG-II , basic security , social assistance , housing benefit or child allowance . From the age of 60, the retirement age should be flexible. The care allowance is to be abolished. Complete equality of marriage with the registered civil partnership . A quota for women on supervisory and management boards in listed companies is rejected. Maintaining the current health insurance system and opening up private health insurance to other groups of people. A minimum wage is to be introduced regionally and in relation to the sector.

Die Linke: Introduction of a statutory minimum wage of € 10 an hour. Temporary work and one-euro jobs are to be banned. The standard working time is to be reduced to 30 hours a week with full wages. Unemployment benefit II is to be replaced by a minimum income of € 1050. Reduction of the retirement age to 65 years, minimum pension of € 1050. Childcare allowance and spouse splitting are to be abolished. Complete equality of marriage with the registered civil partnership . A quota for women should not only be introduced in companies, but in all areas of society. Introduction of citizens' insurance in the health system.

Greens: Introduction of a statutory minimum wage of € 8.50 per hour. Temporary workers should receive the same wages as the permanent employees . The ALG II rate will increase to € 420. The pension at 67 should be retained, the minimum pension should be € 850. In the long term, citizens' insurance is to be introduced into which all employees pay. The care allowance is to be abolished and replaced by an entitlement to all-day care. Complete equality of marriage with the registered civil partnership . Introduction of a women's quota of 50 percent for supervisory and management boards in listed companies. Introduction of citizens' insurance in the health system.

Europe

CDU / CSU: The EU should focus more on economic growth and competitiveness . The national governments should coordinate their policies more closely with the EU Commission. The aim is to establish a European labor market and to harmonize corporate taxation. Europe should have a decentralized structure. An EU membership of Turkey is rejected.

SPD: Introduction of a joint EU economic government , minimum tax rates and binding social standards. The EU Commission is to be expanded into a government to be elected by the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union is to be expanded into a second parliamentary chamber. Turkey is supposed to join the EU after fulfilling certain conditions.

FDP: The EU economic policy should be better coordinated. In the long term, European unification is to be promoted and a referendum will be used to decide on a European federal state . European taxes and the reintroduction of border controls are rejected. The Council of the European Union is to be expanded into a second parliamentary chamber. The EU Commission should be downsized and the EU Parliament should have the right of initiative . Turkey should - if it meets all requirements - be admitted to the EU.

Die Linke: Wage, tax and social policy in the EU are to be largely aligned. A European economic program is to be started. The EU Commission should not have any influence on national budgets. At the EU level, more direct democratic elements are to be established and the rights of parliament strengthened.

Greens: The EU Parliament should be strengthened by giving it the right of initiative in laws and electing the Commission President. The EU citizens' initiative is to be expanded into a binding referendum. Minimum tax rates are to apply across the EU. The EU Commission should stop subsidies to EU countries if they violate human rights. Turkey is supposed to join the EU after fulfilling certain conditions. A European Convention for the further development of the EU is to be convened.

Transport and consumer protection

CDU / CSU: One million electric cars should be registered in 2020 . Car sharing should be promoted more strongly. A general speed limit on motorways is rejected. Both parties disagree on the question of a car toll ; Horst Seehofer makes it a condition for participation in the government, Angela Merkel categorically rejects it. Abolition of the aviation tax is being considered. Food should be labeled with regard to region, genetic engineering and animal husbandry conditions. Establishment of a bank comparison portal and an expert council for consumer policy.

SPD: The German railway should not be privatized. A national traffic route program is to be launched. Food should be labeled with regard to the region and conditions of animal husbandry. Restaurants and food companies should have a hygiene traffic light. Genetic engineering in food should be banned. A council of experts on consumer policy is to be set up. Food advertising in schools should be banned.

FDP: EuroCombis should be funded. A general speed limit on motorways is rejected. Parts of the Deutsche Bahn are to be privatized. The aviation tax is to be abolished. Bans on advertising for luxury foods or special consumption taxes are rejected. Gene products should be labeled. Deutsche Bahn customers should get their money back faster in the event of delays.

Die Linke: In the long term, all public transport should be free and financed by taxes. Deutsche Bahn should not be privatized. A general speed limit of 120 km / h should apply on motorways. The party rejects the introduction of EuroCombis. The consumer should receive more information about food and there should be more food controls. Introduction of a financial TÜV.

Greens: Upper consumption limits for vehicles are to be introduced; by 2020 new cars should consume three liters, from 2025 two liters. The truck toll is to be extended to vehicles weighing more than 3.5 tons and to all federal highways. A general speed limit of 120 km / h should apply on motorways. The tax exemption for aviation fuel is to be abolished. Food should be labeled with regard to the region, fair trade, genetic engineering and animal husbandry conditions. Introduction of a food traffic light and a hygiene barometer for restaurants. The factory farming is to be abolished in the long term.

Environment and energy

All parties are fundamentally in favor of the energy transition .

CDU / CSU: The expansion of renewable energies should in future be regulated more strongly by the free market. Energy-intensive companies are to be further relieved, power grids and power storage are to be expanded. The construction of new gas and coal power plants is encouraged. The use of fracking should be examined.

SPD: Establishment of a separate energy ministry. Renewable energies should continue to have priority in the feed-in. Lowering the electricity tax is being considered. The construction of new gas and coal power plants is encouraged. The use of fracking should be avoided for the time being.

FDP: The expansion of renewable energies is to be driven forward and, in the future, to be regulated more by the free market. Reduction of the electricity tax and introduction of an " electricity price brake ". Energy-intensive companies should be further relieved, the power grid should be expanded more quickly. The use of fracking should be examined.

Die Linke: Electricity and heating networks are to be transferred to the public sector. Tax breaks for industry are to be abolished. Offshore wind farms are rejected, the energy supply should be guaranteed decentrally. No use of fracking and CO2 capture and storage .

Greens: By 2030, the electricity should come entirely from renewable energies. These should continue to receive a fixed feed-in tariff and have feed-in priority. The benefits for energy-intensive companies are to be reduced. No use of fracking and CO ₂ separation and storage.

The magazine Photon has presented an analysis of the election programs on energy policy .

Survey

Results from surveys by the institutes ( A ) llensbach, ( E ) MNID, ( F ) ORSA, research group ( W ) ahlen, ( G ) MS, ( I ) nfratest dimap, IN ( S ) A, ( T ) NS, Trend ( R ) esearch and IFM ( L eipzig) between 2 October 2009 and 19 September 2013 (source: wahlrecht.de ).
Colors: CDU / CSU, SPD , FDP , Left , Greens , Pirates , Free Voters , AfD , Others . Points: Election result in the 2009 Bundestag election. Circles: Election result in the 2013 Bundestag election.

In the 2009 federal election , the CDU, CSU and FDP achieved an absolute majority of the seats with 48.4 percent and formed a government coalition led by Chancellor Angela Merkel (→ Merkel II cabinet ). At the end of 2009, the approval of the federal government in polls by opinion research institutes had fallen significantly, so that there was no longer a common majority. In particular, the FDP lost dramatically in the spring of 2010, was in some surveys for the first time in the middle of the year below the five percent hurdle and remained there for almost two years. From April 2012, the survey institutes again determined values of five percent, in late summer 2012 values of three to four percent. Such fluctuations in the polls accompanied the Liberals in the 2013 Bundestag election year, so that the return to the Bundestag was uncertain. The survey institute Allensbach measured six percent for the FDP at times, while Infratest dimap measured only four percent in the same period.

In the current legislative period, the Union achieved the lowest measured value with 29 percent and the highest with 43 percent. Responsible for the strong values of the Union parties was primarily the continued great popularity of Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU) and her positive actions during the current crisis in the euro area . In the last few months before the election, the survey institutes saw the Union parties between 37 and 42 percent and thus above the 33.8 percent of the 2009 Bundestag election. At the beginning of 2013, Forsa and Emnid determined a maximum value of 43 percent for the Union , which is the best value for seven years.

The SPD gained in the period from the end of 2009 to the end of 2010 and achieved up to 30 percent. The Greens won regularly by the end of 2010 and achieved up to 20 percent. In autumn 2010 the polls showed a red-green majority for the first time. After both parties had lost again slightly, the values of the Greens jumped rapidly in the spring of 2011 after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima , in autumn 2010 and spring 2011, individual surveys by Forsa and Emnid even recorded the Greens in second place, ahead of the SPD . When the nuclear energy debate subsided after Fukushima, the situation was reversed from September 2011; the Greens slipped to an average of 14 percent, the SPD gained up to 32 percent, mainly because of some successes in state elections. After being briefly spurred on by Peer Steinbrück's nomination as candidate for chancellor, the SPD again lost its approval after burgeoning criticism of his additional income . At that time the Social Democrats were 25 to 30 percent. In the current legislative period, the SPD has never succeeded in overtaking the Union as the strongest force in the polls. In addition, the party only managed to replace the CDU as the party with the largest number of members in Germany for a short time, namely from July to November 2012. According to surveys, Steinbrück could hardly count on support from business circles; Chancellor Angela Merkel was preferred.

The Left has seen a steady decline in polls since the 2009 Bundestag election. The reasons given for the weakness at the federal level were persistent staff squabbles and the left-wing's departure from the state parliaments after the elections in Schleswig-Holstein and North Rhine-Westphalia . The change in leadership from Klaus Ernst and Gesine Lötzsch to Katja Kipping and Bernd Riexinger did not give the party any significant upswing in the direction of the last federal election results , but it did stabilize the polls at eight to nine percent. The party would still have lost three to four percent compared to the 2009 Bundestag election.

After the success in the election for the Berlin House of Representatives in 2011 , the Pirate Party appeared for the first time in the surveys of the major institutes and was above the five percent threshold in almost all opinion polls from October 2011 onwards. However, the numbers of the individual institutes showed strong fluctuations among each other. While Forsa and Emnid saw the Pirate Party as between 7 and 10 percent, Allensbach and the research group Wahlen measured values between 4 and 6 percent. A boost for the pirates in the polls came in April 2012 with the surprising entry into the Saarland state parliament after the state elections there in March 2012 . Forsa already found 13 percent for the young party two weeks after this success. In November 2012, the pirates slipped below the five percent hurdle in all surveys and have not been able to recover since then. In March 2013, for the first time since 2011, they were no longer reported in a survey by the Wahlen research group.

In July 2012, the polling institutes YouGov and GMS listed the free voters for the first time . However, they did not exceed two percent in any of the surveys. From April 2013 the newly founded Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) was shown in the polls. In a survey at the end of April, it reached the 5 percent required to enter the Bundestag for the first time (INSA / April 22, 2013). Since the beginning of September, the various institutes have measured values between 2.5 and 5 percent.

Shortly before the election, the ruling coalition of CDU, CSU and FDP was in front of the red-green camp on all Sunday issues. Depending on the survey, the three governing parties together - without taking the five percent hurdle into account - achieved values between 44 and 45.5 percent. According to the polls, a government majority was uncertain. With values between 35 and 38 percent, the SPD and the Greens could not count on their own majority in the Bundestag and would have had to rely on cooperation with the left.

Individual surveys

Institute	date	CDU / CSU	SPD	Green	FDP	left	Pirates	AfD	Others
Bottom line	09/22/2013	41.5%	25.7%	8.4%	4.8%	8.6%	2.2%	4.7%	4.1%
Emnid	09/22/2013	39%	26%	9%	6%	9%	-	4%	7%
Allensbach	09/20/2013	39.5%	27%	9%	5.5%	9%	2%	4.5%	3.5%
Emnid	09/20/2013	39%	26%	9%	6%	9%	-	4%	7%
Forsa	09/20/2013	40%	26%	10%	5%	9%	2%	4%	4%
Research group elections	09/19/2013	40%	27%	9%	5.5%	8.5%	-	4%	6%
INSA	09/19/2013	38%	28%	8th %	6%	9%	2%	5%	4%
Allensbach	09/18/2013	39%	26%	11%	6%	9%	2%	3.5%	3.5%
Forsa	09/17/2013	39%	25%	9%	5%	10%	3%	3%	-
Trend research	09/17/2013	38%	27%	10%	5%	9%	-	4.5%	-
Emnid	09/15/2013	39%	26%	10%	5%	9%	3%	4%	4%
INSA	09/15/2013	38%	27%	11%	4%	8th %	3%	4%	-
IfM Leipzig	09/14/2013	38%	26%	9%	5%	10%	3%	5%	4%
Research group elections	13.09.2013	40%	26%	11%	6%	8th %	-	4%	5%
Infratest dimap	09/12/2013	40%	28%	10%	5%	8th %	2.5%	2.5%	4%
Forsa	09/11/2013	39%	25%	9%	6%	10%	3%	3%	5%
INSA	09/09/2013	39%	28%	11%	4%	8th %	3%	3%	4%
Emnid	09/08/2013	40%	25%	11%	5%	9%	3%	3%	4%
Research group elections	05.09.2013	41%	26%	10%	6%	8th %	-	3%	6%
Infratest dimap	05.09.2013	41%	27%	10%	5%	8th %	-	3%	6%
Allensbach	04.09.2013	40%	25%	12.5%	6%	7.5%	2.5%	3%	3.5%
Forsa	04.09.2013	40%	23%	11%	5%	9%	3%	4%	5%
INSA	02.09.2013	39%	26%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	3%	3%
Emnid	09/01/2013	39%	23%	11%	6%	10%	3%	3%	5%
Infratest dimap	08/29/2013	41%	26%	11%	5%	8th %	-	3%	6%
Research group elections	08/29/2013	41%	26%	12%	6%	7%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	08/28/2013	41%	22%	11%	5%	10%	3%	3%	5%
INSA	08/26/2013	39%	25%	14%	6%	7%	3%	3%	3%
Emnid	08/25/2013	40%	25%	12%	5%	8th %	3%	3%	4%
Infratest dimap	08/23/2013	42%	24%	12%	5%	9%	2%	3%	3%
Research group elections	08/23/2013	41%	25%	13%	6%	8th %	-	-	7%
Allensbach	08/21/2013	39%	24.5%	13.5%	7%	7%	2%	3%	4%
Forsa	08/21/2013	41%	22%	13%	6%	8th %	3%	2%	5%
INSA	08/20/2013	38%	26%	15%	5%	8th %	3%	3%	2%
GMS	08/20/2013	41%	25%	12%	6%	8th %	3%	1 %	4%
Emnid	08/18/2013	40%	24%	12%	6%	8th %	4%	1 %	5%
Research group elections	08/16/2013	41%	25%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	-	5%
Infratest dimap	08/15/2013	42%	25%	12%	5%	8th %	3%	-	5%
Forsa	08/14/2013	40%	23%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	3%	5%
Emnid	08/11/2013	41%	25%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	08/09/2013	42%	25%	13%	5%	7%	3%	-	5%
Forsa	08/07/2013	40%	23%	14%	5%	7%	3%	3%	5%
Emnid	08/04/2013	40%	25%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	2%	4%
Research group elections	08/02/2013	40%	27%	14%	5%	7%	-	-	7%
Infratest dimap	08/01/2013	42%	26%	13%	5%	7%	-	-	7%
Forsa	07/31/2013	41%	22%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	2%	6%
Emnid	07/28/2013	40%	25%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	3%	3%
Infratest dimap	07/25/2013	42%	25%	14%	4%	7%	2%	2%	4%
Forsa	07/24/2013	41%	22%	12%	5%	9%	4%	2%	5%
Emnid	07/21/2013	40%	25%	13%	6%	8th %	3%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	07/19/2013	41%	26%	13%	4%	7%	2%	3%	4%
Forsa	07/17/2013	41%	23%	14%	5%	8th %	2%	-	7%
GMS	07/16/2013	41%	25%	13%	5%	7%	2%	2%	5%
Emnid	07/14/2013	41%	26%	12%	5%	7%	4%	1 %	4%
Allensbach	07/12/2013	40.0%	25.5%	12.5%	6.5%	6.0%	2.0%	3.5%	4.0%
Infratest dimap	07/12/2013	41%	26%	14%	4%	6%	-	3%	6%
Research group elections	07/12/2013	41%	26%	13%	5%	7%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	07/10/2013	41%	22%	15%	5%	9%	2%	-	6%
Emnid	07/07/2013	42%	26%	12%	4%	8th %	3%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	04/07/2013	42%	25%	14%	4%	7%	3%	-	5%
Forsa	07/03/2013	41%	22%	14%	5%	9%	2%	2%	5%
Emnid	06/30/2013	41%	25%	13%	5%	7%	3%	2%	4%
Infratest dimap	06/28/2013	41%	26%	13%	4%	7%	3%	-	6%
Research group elections	06/28/2013	43%	26%	13%	4%	6%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	06/26/2013	41%	22%	15%	5%	8th %	2%	2%	5%
Emnid	06/23/2013	41%	25%	14%	4%	8th %	3%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	06/21/2013	41%	25%	14%	5%	7%	-	-	8th %
Allensbach	06/19/2013	38%	26%	14%	6%	7%	2%	3%	4%
Forsa	06/19/2013	40%	22%	15%	6%	8th %	2%	2%	5%
GMS	06/18/2013	41%	25%	14%	5%	8th %	2%	2%	3%
Emnid	06/16/2013	41%	25%	13%	5%	8th %	3%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	06/14/2013	41%	26%	15%	4%	7%	-	2%	5%
Forsa	06/12/2013	40%	24%	13%	5%	9%	2%	2%	5%
Emnid	06/09/2013	41%	26%	13%	4%	7%	3%	3%	3%
Research group elections	06/07/2013	42%	28%	13%	4%	6%	-	3%	4%
Infratest dimap	06/06/2013	41%	27%	14%	4%	6%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	06/05/2013	41%	24%	13%	4%	8th %	3%	3%	4%
Emnid	06/02/2013	40%	26%	14%	5%	7%	4%	2%	2%
Infratest dimap	05/31/2013	42%	26%	14%	4%	6%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	05/28/2013	40%	24%	14%	4%	8th %	3%	3%	4%
Emnid	05/26/2013	40%	27%	13%	4%	7%	4%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	05/24/2013	41%	27%	14%	4%	6%	2%	2%	4%
Allensbach	05/22/2013	39%	27%	13%	6%	6%	2%	3%	3%
Forsa	05/22/2013	41%	24%	13%	4%	8th %	3%	3%	4%
Emnid	05/19/2013	39%	26%	15%	4%	7%	4%	3%	2%
Infratest dimap	05/17/2013	41%	26%	14%	4%	6%	3%	3%	3%
Research group elections	05/17/2013	41%	29%	13%	4%	6%	-	3%	4%
GMS	05/16/2013	40%	25%	14%	4%	7%	3%	3%	4%
Forsa	05/15/2013	40%	23%	14%	4%	9%	3%	2%	5%
Emnid	05/12/2013	38%	26%	15%	4%	8th %	4%	2%	3%
Infratest dimap	05/10/2013	40%	27%	14%	5%	6%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	07/05/2013	39%	24%	15%	4%	8th %	2%	3%	5%
Emnid	05/05/2013	37%	27%	15%	5%	7%	4%	2%	3%
Allensbach	05/03/2013	38.5%	26.0%	15.0%	5.5%	6.0%	3.0%	3.5%	2.5%
Infratest dimap	05/02/2013	40%	26%	15%	4%	7%	-	3%	5%
Forsa	05/01/2013	39%	23%	14%	5%	8th %	3%	3%	5%
Emnid	04/28/2013	40%	27%	14%	4%	7%	3%	2%	3%
Research group elections	04/26/2013	40%	28%	14%	4%	6%	-	3%	5%
Infratest dimap	04/26/2013	40%	27%	14%	4%	7%	2%	3%	3%
Forsa	04/24/2013	42%	23%	14%	5%	7%	3%	2%	4%
Infratest dimap	04/21/2013	41%	27%	14%	4%	7%	-	3%	4%
Emnid	04/21/2013	39%	26%	14%	5%	8th %	4%	-	4%
Allensbach	04/17/2013	38.5%	28.0%	15.0%	5.0%	7.0%	3.0%	-	3.5%
Forsa	04/17/2013	42%	22%	15%	5%	8th %	3%	-	5%
GMS	04/16/2013	42%	24%	13%	6%	8th %	2%	-	5%
Emnid	04/14/2013	41%	26%	14%	5%	8th %	3%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	04/12/2013	42%	27%	15%	4%	7%	2%	-	3%
Research group elections	04/12/2013	42%	27%	14%	4%	6%	-	-	7%
Forsa	04/10/2013	41%	23%	14%	6%	9%	3%	-	4%
Emnid	04/07/2013	39%	26%	15%	5%	8th %	3%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	04/04/2013	41%	27%	14%	4%	8th %	3%	-	3%
Forsa	04/03/2013	40%	24%	15%	5%	8th %	3%	-	5%
Emnid	03/31/2013	39%	26%	15%	5%	7%	3%	-	5%
Infratest dimap	03/28/2013	39%	28%	15%	4%	8th %	3%	-	3%
Forsa	03/26/2013	41%	24%	14%	5%	8th %	3%	-	5%
Emnid	03/24/2013	40%	27%	15%	5%	7%	3%	-	3%
Research group elections	03/22/2013	40%	29%	14%	4%	7%	3%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	03/22/2013	38%	27%	16%	5%	8th %	2%	-	4%
Allensbach	03/20/2013	39.5%	26.5%	15.5%	6.0%	6.0%	2.5%	-	4.0%
Forsa	03/20/2013	40%	24%	15%	6%	7%	3%	-	5%
GMS	03/19/2013	40%	26%	16%	5%	7%	3%	-	3%
Emnid	03/17/2013	39%	28%	16%	4%	8th %	3%	-	2%
Infratest dimap	03/14/2013	40%	25%	17%	5%	7%	3%	-	3%
Forsa	03/13/2013	40%	24%	16%	4%	8th %	3%	-	5%
Emnid	03/10/2013	40%	27%	15%	4%	8th %	3%	-	3%
Research group elections	03/08/2013	41%	28%	14%	4%	7%	-	-	6%
Infratest dimap	07.03.2013	40%	26%	17%	4%	7%	2%	-	4%
Forsa	03/06/2013	40%	25%	15%	4%	8th %	3%	-	5%
Emnid	03.03.2013	40%	27%	15%	5%	7%	3%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	02/28/2013	41%	27%	15%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Forsa	02/27/2013	40%	25%	16%	4%	8th %	2%	-	5%
Emnid	02/24/2013	41%	27%	14%	4%	7%	4%	-	3%
Research group elections	02/22/2013	40%	30%	14%	4%	6%	2%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	02/21/2013	40%	28%	15%	5%	6%	3%	-	3%
Allensbach	02/20/2013	39.0%	27.0%	15.0%	6.0%	6.5%	3.0%	-	3.5%
Forsa	02/20/2013	43%	24%	15%	3%	7%	3%	-	5%
GMS	02/19/2013	40%	27%	15%	5%	6%	3%	-	4%
Emnid	02/17/2013	41%	27%	15%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	02/15/2013	40%	27%	16%	4%	7%	3%	-	3%
Forsa	02/13/2013	43%	25%	14%	3%	7%	3%	-	5%
Emnid	02/10/2013	40%	27%	15%	4%	7%	4%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	02/07/2013	39%	29%	15%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Forsa	02/06/2013	41%	25%	15%	4%	7%	3%	-	5%
Emnid	02/03/2013	41%	27%	14%	4%	7%	4%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	01/31/2013	40%	27%	15%	4%	6%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	01/30/2013	40%	25%	15%	4%	8th %	3%	-	5%
GMS	01/29/2013	42%	26%	15%	5%	6%	3%	-	3%
Emnid	01/27/2013	41%	27%	13%	4%	7%	4%	-	4%
Research group elections	01/25/2013	41%	29%	13%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	01/24/2013	42%	27%	14%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Allensbach	01/23/2013	39.0%	28.0%	14.0%	5.0%	7.0%	3.0%	-	4.0%
Forsa	01/23/2013	42%	23%	14%	4%	8th %	4%	-	5%
Emnid	01/20/2013	43%	25%	13%	4%	7%	4%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	January 18, 2013	42%	26%	13%	4%	7%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	01/16/2013	43%	23%	14%	3%	8th %	4%	-	5%
Emnid	13/01/2013	41%	26%	14%	3%	8th %	4%	-	4%
Research group elections	11/01/2013	42%	28%	13%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	01/10/2013	41%	28%	14%	4%	6%	3%	-	4%
Forsa	01/09/2013	42%	25%	15%	2%	9%	3%	-	4%
Emnid	01/06/2013	40%	27%	14%	4%	8th %	4%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	04/01/2013	41%	29%	12%	4%	6%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	December 26, 2012	41%	27%	13%	4%	8th %	3%	-	4%
Emnid	December 23, 2012	40%	28%	13%	4%	8th %	4%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	December 21, 2012	40%	30%	13%	4%	7%	3%	-	3%
Allensbach	December 19, 2012	37.5%	30.0%	14.0%	4.5%	6.5%	3.5%	-	4.0%
Forsa	December 19, 2012	38%	27%	14%	5%	8th %	3%	-	5%
GMS	December 17, 2012	40%	29%	14%	4%	7%	3%	-	3%
Emnid	December 16, 2012	40%	28%	14%	4%	7%	4%	-	3%
Research group elections	12/14/2012	40%	30%	13%	4%	7%	3%	-	3%
Forsa	12/12/2012	38%	27%	14%	4%	8th %	4%	-	5%
Emnid	12/09/2012	40%	28%	14%	4%	7%	3%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	December 06, 2012	39%	30%	14%	4%	7%	3%	-	3%
Forsa	05.12.2012	37%	26%	16%	4%	7%	4%	-	6%
Emnid	12/02/2012	38%	28%	14%	4%	8th %	4%	-	4%
Research group elections	11/28/2012	38%	29%	14%	4%	7%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	11/28/2012	37%	26%	16%	4%	8th %	4%	-	5%
Emnid	11/25/2012	38%	29%	15%	4%	7%	4%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	11/23/2012	39%	29%	15%	4%	6%	4%	-	3%
GMS	11/22/2012	37%	26%	16%	4%	8th %	4%	-	5%
Forsa	11/21/2012	36%	26%	16%	4%	8th %	5%	-	5%
Allensbach	11/21/2012	37.5%	31.0%	12.5%	4.0%	6.5%	4.0%	-	4.5%
Emnid	11/18/2012	39%	28%	13%	4%	7%	5%	-	4%
Research group elections	11/16/2012	39%	30%	13%	4%	6%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	11/14/2012	39%	26%	14%	4%	8th %	4%	-	5%
Emnid	11/11/2012	38%	30%	12%	4%	7%	5%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	11/08/2012	40%	30%	14%	4%	6%	4%	-	2%
Forsa	07/11/2012	37%	26%	15%	3%	8th %	5%	-	6%
Emnid	04/11/2012	38%	29%	13%	4%	8th %	4%	-	4%
Forsa	10/30/2012	38%	26%	15%	3%	8th %	5%	-	5%
Emnid	October 28, 2012	38%	29%	12%	4%	8th %	5%	-	4%
Research group elections	10/26/2012	39%	29%	13%	4%	6%	4%	-	5%
Infratest dimap	10/26/2012	38%	30%	13%	4%	7%	5%	-	3%
GMS	25.10.2012	38%	27%	12%	4%	8th %	5%	-	6%
Forsa	October 24, 2012	38%	27%	12%	3%	9%	5%	-	6%
Emnid	10/21/2012	38%	29%	12%	4%	7%	6%	-	4%
Allensbach	10/17/2012	35.5%	31.0%	14.0%	4.5%	6.0%	5.0%	-	4.0%
Forsa	10/17/2012	37%	29%	11%	4%	8th %	5%	-	6%
Emnid	10/14/2012	38%	30%	11%	4%	8th %	5%	-	4%
Research group elections	10/11/2012	38%	31%	12%	4%	6%	5%	-	4%
Forsa	09/10/2012	36%	30%	12%	4%	7%	6%	-	5%
Emnid	07.10.2012	37%	28%	12%	5%	8th %	6%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	04.10.2012	39%	31%	11%	4%	7%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	10/02/2012	35%	29%	12%	4%	8th %	7%	-	5%
Emnid	09/30/2012	37%	27%	13%	5%	8th %	6%	-	4%
Research group elections	09/28/2012	38%	29%	13%	4%	6%	6%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	09/28/2012	37%	30%	12%	4%	7%	6%	-	4%
Allensbach	09/26/2012	34.0%	30.0%	14.0%	5.5%	6.5%	5.5%	-	4.5%
Forsa	09/26/2012	38%	26%	12%	4%	8th %	7%	-	5%
Emnid	09/23/2012	37%	27%	13%	5%	8th %	6%	-	4%
GMS	09/21/2012	38%	26%	13%	5%	6%	6%	-	6%
Forsa	09/19/2012	38%	26%	12%	5%	8th %	6%	-	5%
Emnid	09/16/2012	38%	26%	14%	4%	7%	7%	-	4%
Research group elections	14.09.2012	36%	30%	13%	4%	6%	6%	-	5%
Forsa	09/12/2012	39%	26%	13%	4%	8th %	6%	-	4%
Emnid	09/09/2012	36%	28%	14%	4%	7%	7%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	09/06/2012	37%	30%	13%	4%	6%	6%	-	4%
Forsa	05.09.2012	39%	26%	13%	4%	7%	7%	-	4%
Emnid	02.09.2012	36%	28%	13%	5%	7%	7%	-	4%
Forsa	08/26/2012	39%	26%	12%	5%	7%	7%	-	4%
Emnid	08/26/2012	36%	28%	14%	4%	7%	7%	-	4%
Research group elections	08/24/2012	37%	29%	12%	5%	6%	6%	-	5%
GMS	08/23/2012	36%	28%	13%	5%	6%	7%	-	5%
Allensbach	08/22/2012	35.0%	28.0%	15.0%	5.5%	6.0%	6.5%	-	4.0%
Forsa	08/22/2012	36%	27%	13%	5%	8th %	7%	-	4%
Emnid	08/19/2012	35%	29%	13%	5%	7%	8th %	-	3%
Infratest dimap	08/17/2012	36%	29%	13%	5%	6%	7%	-	4%
Forsa	08/15/2012	36%	26%	13%	4%	7%	9%	-	5%
Emnid	08/12/2012	36%	28%	14%	4%	7%	8th %	-	3%
Forsa	08/08/2012	36%	26%	13%	5%	6%	9%	-	5%
Emnid	08/05/2012	36%	29%	13%	5%	7%	7%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	08/01/2012	36%	28%	13%	5%	6%	8th %	-	4%
Forsa	08/01/2012	36%	27%	12%	5%	6%	9%	-	5%
Emnid	07/29/2012	36%	29%	12%	4%	7%	8th %	-	4%
Forsa	July 25, 2012	36%	27%	12%	4%	7%	9%	-	5%
GMS	07/24/2012	35%	29%	13%	4%	6%	8th %	-	5%
Emnid	07/22/2012	35%	29%	13%	5%	6%	8th %	-	4%
Infratest dimap	07/20/2012	35%	30%	14%	4%	6%	8th %	-	3%
Allensbach	07/18/2012	36.0%	27.0%	14.0%	6.0%	6.0%	6.5%	-	4.5%
Forsa	07/18/2012	36%	26%	13%	4%	6%	10%	-	5%
Emnid	07/15/2012	34%	29%	13%	5%	7%	9%	-	3%
Research group elections	07/13/2012	36%	30%	13%	4%	6%	7%	-	4%
Forsa	07/11/2012	36%	26%	13%	4%	7%	9%	-	5%
Emnid	07/08/2012	34%	29%	14%	5%	6%	9%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	07/05/2012	35%	30%	14%	4%	7%	7%	-	3%
Forsa	04/07/2012	36%	27%	12%	3%	7%	9%	-	6%
Emnid	07/01/2012	34%	31%	13%	5%	6%	8th %	-	3%
Forsa	06/27/2012	34%	27%	13%	4%	7%	10%	-	5%
Emnid	06/24/2012	34%	30%	13%	5%	6%	9%	-	3%
GMS	06/22/2012	34%	28%	13%	6%	5%	10%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	06/22/2012	34%	31%	14%	4%	6%	8th %	-	3%
Allensbach	06/20/2012	34.0%	28.0%	15.5%	5.5%	5.0%	7.5%	-	4.5%
Forsa	06/20/2012	33%	27%	13%	5%	7%	10%	-	5%
Emnid	06/17/2012	33%	29%	12%	6%	7%	9%	-	4%
Research group elections	06/15/2012	34%	32%	13%	5%	5%	7%	-	4%
Forsa	06/13/2012	32%	27%	14%	5%	7%	10%	-	5%
Emnid	06/10/2012	32%	30%	13%	5%	6%	10%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	06/06/2012	34%	30%	13%	5%	5%	9%	-	4%
Forsa	06/05/2012	33%	27%	14%	4%	6%	11%	-	5%
Emnid	06/03/2012	33%	29%	12%	5%	6%	11%	-	4%
Forsa	05/30/2012	32%	27%	13%	5%	6%	12%	-	5%
Infratest dimap	05/25/2012	33%	29%	13%	5%	6%	11%	-	3%
Research group elections	05/25/2012	36%	31%	14%	4%	5%	7%	-	3%
Emnid	05/24/2012	32%	30%	12%	6%	6%	11%	-	3%
GMS	05/23/2012	33%	27%	13%	6%	6%	12%	-	3%
Allensbach	05/23/2012	35.5%	30.0%	14.0%	4.5%	5.5%	7.0%	-	3.5%
Forsa	05/23/2012	31%	27%	13%	6%	6%	13%	-	4%
Emnid	05/20/2012	35%	27%	12%	5%	6%	11%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	05/18/2012	33%	30%	13%	5%	5%	11%	-	3%
Research group elections	05/16/2012	35%	30%	13%	4%	5%	9%	-	4%
Forsa	05/15/2012	35%	26%	13%	5%	6%	12%	-	3%
Emnid	05/11/2012	34%	27%	13%	4%	7%	11%	-	4%
Forsa	05/09/2012	36%	26%	13%	4%	7%	11%	-	3%
Emnid	05/06/2012	34%	27%	13%	5%	7%	11%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	05/03/2012	34%	28%	14%	4%	6%	11%	-	3%
Forsa	04/25/2012	36%	25%	12%	4%	8th %	11%	-	4%
Emnid	04/29/2012	35%	26%	13%	5%	7%	11%	-	3%
Research group elections	04/27/2012	35%	29%	14%	3%	6%	9%	-	4%
Forsa	04/25/2012	35%	24%	12%	5%	7%	13%	-	4%
GMS	04/23/2012	35%	26%	13%	5%	6%	12%	-	3%
Emnid	04/22/2012	34%	27%	13%	4%	7%	12%	-	3%
Allensbach	04/18/2012	34.5%	28.0%	14.0%	3.5%	7.0%	10.0%	-	3.0%
Forsa	04/18/2012	35%	25%	12%	5%	7%	13%	-	3%
Emnid	04/15/2012	35%	26%	12%	4%	7%	12%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	04/13/2012	35%	27%	14%	3%	6%	11%	-	4%
Forsa	04/10/2012	36%	24%	11%	5%	8th %	13%	-	3%
Emnid	04/08/2012	36%	26%	13%	4%	7%	10%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	04/04/2012	35%	27%	14%	3%	7%	10%	-	4%
Forsa	04/03/2012	35%	25%	13%	3%	9%	12%	-	3%
Emnid	04/01/2012	36%	27%	13%	4%	7%	9%	-	4%
Research group elections	03/30/2012	36%	29%	14%	3%	7%	8th %	-	3%
Forsa	03/28/2012	36%	26%	14%	4%	9%	7%	-	4%
Emnid	03/25/2012	35%	28%	15%	4%	7%	7%	-	4%
GMS	03/22/2012	37%	27%	14%	4%	8th %	6%	-	4%
Allensbach	03/21/2012	35.0%	30.0%	16.0%	3.5%	7.0%	5.0%	-	3.5%
Forsa	03/21/2012	36%	26%	15%	3%	9%	6%	-	5%
Emnid	03/18/2012	35%	27%	14%	4%	8th %	8th %	-	4%
Infratest dimap	March 16, 2012	37%	30%	13%	3%	7%	6%	-	4%
Forsa	03/14/2012	36%	26%	15%	3%	9%	7%	-	4%
Emnid	03/11/2012	36%	28%	14%	3%	7%	8th %	-	4%
Research group elections	03/09/2012	36%	30%	14%	3%	7%	6%	-	4%
Forsa	07.03.2012	37%	26%	15%	3%	8th %	7%	-	4%
Emnid	03/04/2012	35%	28%	14%	3%	7%	9%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	03/01/2012	37%	28%	14%	3%	7%	7%	-	4%
Forsa	02/29/2012	38%	26%	14%	3%	8th %	7%	-	4%
Emnid	02/26/2012	35%	27%	15%	3%	8th %	9%	-	3%
GMS	02/23/2012	38%	26%	15%	3%	7%	7%	-	4%
Allensbach	02/22/2012	36.0%	28.0%	15.5%	4.5%	7.5%	5.0%	-	3.5%
Forsa	02/22/2012	38%	25%	15%	2%	8th %	8th %	-	4%
Emnid	02/19/2012	35%	28%	14%	3%	7%	9%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	02/17/2012	36%	29%	16%	3%	7%	6%	-	3%
Forsa	02/15/2012	38%	26%	13%	2%	9%	7%	-	5%
Emnid	02/12/2012	36%	27%	14%	3%	8th %	7%	-	5%
Research group elections	02/10/2012	37%	29%	14%	3%	7%	6%	-	4%
Forsa	02/08/2012	38%	27%	13%	3%	8th %	7%	-	4%
Emnid	02/05/2012	35%	28%	14%	3%	7%	8th %	-	5%
Infratest dimap	02/02/2012	36%	29%	15%	3%	7%	6%	-	4%
Forsa	02/01/2012	36%	27%	15%	3%	8th %	7%	-	4%
Emnid	01/29/2012	34%	29%	15%	3%	7%	8th %	-	4%
Research group elections	01/27/2012	36%	30%	16%	3%	7%	5%	-	3%
GMS	01/26/2012	36%	29%	15%	3%	7%	6%	-	4%
Allensbach	01/25/2012	35.0%	29.0%	16.5%	4.0%	7.0%	4.0%	-	4.5%
Forsa	01/25/2012	36%	27%	15%	3%	7%	7%	-	5%
Emnid	01/22/2012	35%	29%	15%	3%	7%	7%	-	4%
Infratest dimap	01/19/2012	36%	29%	15%	3%	7%	6%	-	4%
Forsa	January 18, 2012	35%	27%	15%	3%	7%	8th %	-	5%
Emnid	January 15, 2012	35%	29%	16%	3%	7%	7%	-	3%
Research group elections	13/01/2012	36%	31%	15%	4%	6%	4%	-	4%
Forsa	11/01/2012	36%	26%	16%	2%	7%	8th %	-	5%
Emnid	01/08/2012	35%	29%	16%	3%	7%	7%	-	3%
Infratest dimap	05/01/2012	35%	30%	16%	2%	6%	6%	-	5%
Forsa	04/01/2012	35%	27%	14%	3%	8th %	8th %	-	5%

Election result

Final overall result

First majority in the 2013 Bundestag election. The higher the proportion of white, the smaller the gap to the second strongest force; (light blue: CDU, dark blue: CSU, red: SPD, violet: Die Linke, green: Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen).

Reporting from the ARD capital studio 2013 with Ulrich Deppendorf and Caren Miosga

Response of the left to the first prognosis

The final result of the federal election with 61,946,900 eligible voters saw the Union (41.5%) of CDU (34.1%) and CSU (7.4%) ahead of the SPD (25.7%), the Left (8, 6%) and the Greens (8.4%). The FDP (4.8%) did not make it into the Bundestag for the first time. The AfD (4.7%), who was only a few months old, also failed because of the five percent hurdle . Overall, due to the threshold clause, parties with a total of 15.7% of the votes did not take part in the distribution of mandates. 1.3% of the second votes were invalid.

Final result of the 2013 federal election
Political party		First votes				Second votes			Mandates
Political party		number	%	+/-	Direct mandates	number	%	+/-	total	+/-	%
	CDU	16,233,642	37.2	+5.2	191	14,921,877	34.1	+6.9	255	+61	40.4
	SPD	12,843,458	29.4	+1.5	58	11,252,215	25.7	+2.7	193	+47	30.6
	THE LEFT	3,585,178	8.2	−2.9	4th	3,755,699	8.6	−3.3	64	−12	10.1
	GREEN	3,180,299	7.3	−1.9	1	3,694,057	8.4	−2.3	63	−5	10.0
	CSU	3,544,079	8.1	+0.7	45	3,243,569	7.4	+0.9	56	+11	8.9
	FDP	1,028,645	2.4	−7.1	-	2,083,533	4.8	−9.8	-	−93	-
	AfD	810.915	1.9	+1.9	-	2,056,985	4.7	+4.7
	PIRATES	963.623	2.2	+2.1	-	959.177	2.2	+0.2
	NPD	635.135	1.5	−0.3	-	560,828	1.3	−0.2
	FREE VOTERS	431,640	1.0	+1.0	-	423,977	1.0	+1.0
	Animal welfare party	4,437	0.0	−0.0	-	140.366	0.3	−0.2
	ÖDP	128.209	0.3	+0.0	-	127.088	0.3	−0.0
	REP	27,299	0.1	−0.0	-	91.193	0.2	−0.2
	The party	39,388	0.1	+0.1	-	78,674	0.2	+0.2
	per Germany	4,815	0.0	+0.0	-	73,854	0.2	+0.2
	BP	28,430	0.1	−0.0	-	57,395	0.1	+0.0
	Referendum	1,748	0.0	−0.0	-	28,654	0.1	+0.0
	PENSIONER	920	0.0	+0.0	-	25.134	0.1	−0.1
	PARTY OF REASON	3,861	0.0	+0.0	-	24,719	0.1	+0.1
	MLPD	12,904	0.0	−0.0	-	24,219	0.1	−0.0
	PBC	2,081	0.0	−0.0	-	18,542	0.0	−0.1
	BIG	2,680	0.0	+0.0	-	17,743	0.0	+0.0
	BüSo	17,988	0.0	−0.0	-	12,814	0.0	−0.1
	THE WOMEN					12,148	0.0	+0.0
	Non-voters					11,349	0.0	+0.0
	Alliance 21 / RRP	5,324	0.0	−0.1	-	8,578	0.0	−0.2
	THE VIOLETS	2,516	0.0	−0.0	-	8.211	0.0	−0.1
	FAMILY	4,478	0.0	−0.0	-	7,449	0.0	−0.3
	PSG					4,564	0.0	+0.0
	THE RIGHT					2,245	0.0	+0.0
	DKP	1,699	0.0	+0.0	-
	BGD	1,431	0.0	+0.0	-
	B.	624	0.0	+0.0	-
	NO!	290	0.0	+0.0	-
	Rest	77,306	0.2	−0.2	-

total		43,625,042	100		299	43,726,856	100		631	+9

Result by country

Election results in the federal states (in%)
state	CDU / CSU		SPD		left		Green		FDP		AfD		Pirates		NPD
state	First	Second	First	Second	First	Second	First	Second	First	Second	First	Second	First	Second	First	Second
Schleswig-Holstein	43.6	39.2	36.7	31.5	4.1	5.2	6.9	9.4	2.3	5.6	3.6	4.6	1.9	2.0	0.7	0.7
Hamburg	34.4	32.1	37.8	32.4	7.5	8.8	10.6	12.7	2.0	4.8	3.4	4.2	2.5	2.8	0.6	0.6
Bremen	29.6	29.3	40.6	35.4	8.7	10.1	11.5	12.1	1.9	3.4	3.3	3.7	2.7	2.6	1.2	1.1
Lower Saxony	43.9	41.1	38.3	33.1	4.3	5.0	6.8	8.8	1.9	4.2	1.9	3.7	1.4	1.3	0.9	0.8
North Rhine-Westphalia	43.8	39.8	36.7	31.9	5.1	6.1	6.4	8.0	2.4	5.2	1.8	3.9	2.3	2.2	1.0	1.0
Hesse	45.8	39.2	34.4	28.8	5.3	6.0	7.5	9.9	2.6	5.6	1.2	5.6	2.4	2.1	1.2	1.1
Rhineland-Palatinate	46.6	43.3	32.5	27.5	4.8	5.4	6.1	7.6	2.6	5.5	0.3	4.8	2.5	2.2	1.2	1.1
Saarland	41.7	37.8	35.5	31.5	8.7	10.0	3.9	5.7	1.5	3.8	4.4	5.2	2.5	2.6	1.6	1.7
Bavaria	53.9	49.3	22.0	20.0	3.4	3.8	7.7	8.4	2.8	5.1	2.2	4.3	2.0	1.9	0.9	0.9
Baden-Württemberg	51.1	45.7	23.7	20.6	4.2	4.8	10.9	11.0	2.9	6.2	2.4	5.2	2.0	2.3	1.2	1.0
Berlin	30.0	28.5	25.5	24.6	18.7	18.5	13.6	12.3	1.4	3.6	3.8	4.9	3.2	3.6	1.7	1.5
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	44.4	42.5	19.1	17.8	23.6	21.5	3.8	4.3	1.4	2.2	-	5.6	2.3	1.9	3.4	2.7
Brandenburg	35.6	34.8	26.6	23.1	23.9	22.4	3.9	4.7	1.5	2.5	-	6.0	2.9	2.2	3.4	2.6
Saxony-Anhalt	41.8	41.2	19.6	18.2	25.4	23.9	3.3	4.0	1.8	2.6	1.4	4.2	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.2
Thuringia	41.3	38.8	19.2	16.1	24.3	23.4	3.7	4.9	1.6	2.6	2.0	6.2	2.5	2.4	3.7	3.2
Saxony	46.5	42.6	16.2	14.6	21.5	20.0	4.5	4.9	2.4	3.1	-	6.8	2.5	2.5	4.3	3.3

Colored: Highest proportion of first and second votes

Result according to old and new countries

Bundestag election 2013 - constituencies in the old federal states and in the western part of Berlin
72.5% turnout

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

42.2

27.4

9.2

5.6

5.2

4.4

2.1

1.0

2.9

NPD ^h

Otherwise.

Gains and losses

compared to 2009

% p

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

-10

-12

+7.6

+3.3

-2.3

-2.7

-10.2

+4.4

+0.1

-0.2

+0.2

NPD ^h

Otherwise.

Remarks:

^h 2009: NPD 1.1% and DVU 0.1%

Bundestag election 2013 - constituencies in the new federal states and in the eastern part of Berlin
67.6% turnout

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

38.5

22.7

17.9

5.8

5.1

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.1

NPD ^f

Otherwise.

Gains and losses

compared to 2009

% p

10

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

+8.7

-5.8

± 0.0

+5.8

-1.7

-0.5

-7.9

+0.5

+0.9

NPD ^f

Otherwise.

Remarks:

^f 2009: NPD 3.1% and DVU 0.2%

Response rates and proportion of non-voters

Bundestag election 2013 with non-voters

Response rates of the parties and proportion of non-voters

%

30th

20th

10

0

29.3

18.2

6.1

6.0

3.4

3.3

4.4

0.9

28.5

Otherwise.

Invalid.

Not w.

Gains and losses

compared to 2009

% p

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

+5.7

+2.1

-2.2

-1.5

-6.8

+3.3

+0.2

-0.1

-0.7

Otherwise.

Invalid.

Not w.

Second vote share of the parties according to constituencies

Final result

CDU / CSU 15.4 - 35% > 35 - 40% > 40 - 45% > 45 - 50% > 50 - 63.2%
SPD 10.9-18% > 18-23% > 23-28% > 28-33% > 33-44%
The left 2.6 - 7% > 7 - 15% > 15 - 22% > 22 - 28% > 28 - 34.6%
Alliance 90 / The Greens 2.5 - 7% > 7 - 10% > 10 - 13% > 13 - 16% > 16 - 20.8%
FDP 1.6 - 5% > 5 - 6% > 6 - 7% > 7 - 8% > 8 - 9.2%
AfD 2.3 - 4% > 4 - 5% > 5 - 6% > 6 - 7% > 7 - 8.2%
Pirates 1.2 - 2% > 2 - 2.5% > 2.5 - 3% > 3 - 4% > 4 - 5.8%
NPD 0.3 - 1% > 1 - 2% > 2 - 3% > 3 - 4% > 4 - 5.1%

After the election

Legislation

Parliament must meet for a constituent session within 30 days of the election. The last possible date was October 22, 2013. The first session of the 18th Bundestag was scheduled for this date. With the meeting of the new Bundestag, the old electoral term ( Article 39.1 of the Basic Law ) and the term of office of the Federal Government ( Article 69.2 of the Basic Law ) end. As long as no new government has been sworn in, the previous one remains in office ( Art. 69 (3 ) GG ).

Possible coalition	Seats
Total seats	631
Two-thirds majority (from 421 seats)
Union, SPD	504
Absolute majority (from 316 seats)
Union, Greens	374
SPD, Left, Greens	320

Coalition opportunities

The Union was the strongest faction; it had 311 seats (255 CDU + 56 CSU). With 316 seats, it would have had an absolute majority in the 631-seat Bundestag. Majorities would have existed for the Union with all other parliamentary groups represented in the Bundestag. The SPD, the Left and the Greens could have formed a majority without the Union - but many top SPD politicians had clearly rejected a coalition with the Left Party before the election.
Talks about a black-green cooperation - initially favored by the Union side - did not get beyond initial explorations. The Union leadership offered a coalition; but the Greens could not bring themselves to agree. Therefore, the Union and the SPD entered coalition negotiations.

Coalition formation

On December 17, 2013, the new federal government made up of the Union and SPD took office with Chancellor Angela Merkel .

literature

Hamed Abdel-Samad , Juli Zeh , Herfried Münkler : What can you choose? About the future of politics. Herder, Freiburg i. B. 2013, ISBN 978-3-451-30913-7 .
Bundestag election 2013. Continuity and change. Edited by Uwe Andersen , Politische Bildung (2013, Issue 1), Wochenschau-Verlag, Schwalbach am Taunus 2013, ISBN 978-3-89974-843-7 .
Eckhard Jesse , Roland Sturm (ed.): Balance sheet of the federal election 2013: requirements, results, consequences (= parties and elections . Vol. 7). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2014, ISBN 978-3-8487-1118-5 .
Karl-Rudolf Korte (Ed.): The Federal Parliament Election 2013: Analyzes of Election, Party, Communication and Government Research . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-02914-2 .
Henning Nase: Germany is voting. Analyzes and forecasts for the federal election 2013 . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 3-8305-3166-4 .
Oskar Niedermayer (Ed.): The parties after the 2013 federal election . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-02851-0 .
Klas Roggenkamp, Sebastian Schmidtsdorf (Ed.): # BTW13. Bundestag election 2013 - topics, tools, election campaign. Polisphere, Berlin / Brussels 2013, ISBN 978-3-938456-76-7 .
Hendrik Träger: The effects of the electoral systems: eleven model calculations with the results of the 2013 federal election . In: Journal for Parliamentary Issues . tape 44 , no. 4 , January 2014, p. 741-758 , doi : 10.5771 / 0340-1758-2013-4-741 .

Web links

Commons : Bundestag Election 2013 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikinews: Federal Election 2013 - in the news

Information on the federal election

Federal Returning Officer - including an overview of all election candidates and the constituency division

Bundestag election 2013 - Information portal of the Federal Agency for Civic Education

Decision-making aid for the election - In Wahl-O-Mat , personal points of view can be compared with the positions of the parties

Parteivergleich.eu - alternative to Wahl-O-Mat with 105 questions and 30 parties

Election dossier on tagesschau.de

Polls for the Bundestag election on wahlrecht.de

Information portal with further links topolitical-bildung.de

Election atlas for the 2013 Bundestag election - Interactive map with the final result of the election to the 18th German Bundestag, converted results from the previous period and structural data (private offer).

How does the federal election work? - Info videos from the Federal Agency for Civic Education

Interactive explanatory video for the federal election 2013 on bundestagswahl-erklaert.de

What happens to my voice - Bayerischer Rundfunk's voting rights dossier

Sample ballot paper for the 2013 federal election on bundestagswahl.me

Overview of election programs

CDU / CSU: Successful together for Germany ( short version ; PDF; 379 kB)
SPD: The we decide (PDF; 1.0 MB) ( short version ; PDF; 4.2 MB)
FDP: Citizens' Program 2013 (PDF; 1.0 MB) ( short version ; PDF; 3.4 MB)
LINKE: 100 percent social (PDF; 996 kB) ( short version ; PDF; 118 kB)
GREEN: Time for the Green Change (PDF; 2.2 MB) ( short version ; PDF; 1.9 MB)

Individual evidence

↑ Federal Returning Officer: Federal result - final result of the federal election 2013 ( Memento of 16 May 2016 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Before Erika Steinbach left the parliamentary group and Katherina Reiche left the Bundestag according to the composition of the Bundestag. German Bundestag. Retrieved April 18, 2016 .

↑ spiegel.de

↑ women and men. In: bundestag.de. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016 ; accessed on August 10, 2016 .

↑ Section 16 of the Federal Election Act

↑ See press release of the Office of the Federal President of 6 January 2009 on the 2009 Bundestag election .

↑ Bundestag elections during the autumn break? tagesschau.de , October 12, 2012, archived from the original on October 14, 2012 ; Retrieved October 12, 2012 .

↑ ^a ^b wahlrecht.de: Information on the election date

↑ Election 2013: Länder agree on a date for the federal election. In: Zeit Online . November 28, 2012, accessed August 10, 2016 .

^ Order on the 2013 Bundestag election ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 165 )

↑ Countdown for the federal election begins

↑ " Ex officio, all eligible voters who are registered with the registration office on the 35th day before the election (key date) are to be entered in the electoral roll ..." Section 16, Paragraph 1 of the Federal Electoral Code

↑ Judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court (2 BvC 1/07 of July 3, 2008)

^ Philipp Wittrock: Judgment on the right to vote - Karlsruhe disgraced black and yellow . July 25, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2012.

↑ Negotiations in August: CDU promises rapid reform of the electoral law. In: Spiegel Online . July 26, 2012, accessed May 1, 2016 .

^ Spiegel Online parliamentary groups agree on new voting rights

↑ Spiegel Online Bigger than North Korea

^ Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of July 4, 2012 (Ref .: 2 BvC 1/11, 2 BvC 2/11 - decision of July 4, 2012)

↑ Draft of a twenty-first law amending the federal electoral law, retrieved from the website of the German Bundestag (PDF; 126 kB)

^ Report of the constituency commission for the 17th electoral term of the German Bundestag from January 28, 2011 (Bundestag printed paper 17/4642) (PDF; 3.7 MB)

↑ Twentieth Act to Amend the Federal Electoral Act

↑ Observation of Parliamentary Elections in Germany, September 22, 2013 , www.osce.org (English)

↑ Final result of the 2009 Bundestag election ( memento from October 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) The Federal Returning Officer

↑ 34 parties take part in the 2013 Bundestag election. Federal Returning Officer , archived from the original on September 2, 2013 ; accessed on August 10, 2016 .

^ The candidates for election to the 18th German Bundestag 2013. (PDF; 815 kB) Federal Returning Officer , archived from the original on September 21, 2013 ; accessed on August 10, 2016 .

↑ ^a ^b Press release of the Federal Returning Officer (August 27, 2013) - 4,451 candidates for the 2013 Bundestag election. In: wahlrecht.de. Retrieved August 10, 2016 .

↑ Independent applicants. (CSV) Federal Returning Officer , archived from the original on April 7, 2014 ; accessed on August 10, 2016 .

^ Rebellion against its own party , Süddeutsche Zeitung online, July 17, 2013

↑ Recognition of parties for the 2013 Bundestag election , meeting of the Federal Electoral Committee on July 4, 2013, in: Mediathek des Deutschen Bundestag (11:12 am to 11:19 am session time)

↑ Press release ( memento of June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) by the Federal Returning Officer of June 18, 2013

↑ Volker Müller: 34 parties are running for the federal election. In: bundestag.de. Retrieved August 10, 2016 .

↑ Federal Constitutional Court: Federal Constitutional Court decides on parties entitled to make proposals for the election to the 18th German Bundestag , press release No. 47/2013 of July 24, 2013 on the resolutions 2 BvC 1/13 to 2 BvC 12/13 of July 23, 2013

↑ Federal Returning Officer: Final result of the first and second votes by constituency in the Bundestag elections in 2009 and 2005 ( Memento from July 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Federal Returning Officer: Order of the district election proposals and the state lists on the ballot papers within the states in the 2009 Bundestag election according to Section 30 (3) of the Federal Election Act ( Memento of May 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 64 kB)

↑ Steinbrück becomes candidate for chancellor. In: tagesschau.de. September 28, 2012, archived from the original on September 30, 2012 ; Retrieved September 28, 2012 .

^ Sarah Maria Brech: SPD special party conference: Steinbrück elected with 93.45 percent as a candidate at welt.de, December 9, 2012 (accessed December 9, 2012).

↑ sueddeutsche.de May 13, 2013: Steinbrück promises agenda opponent ministerial office

↑ spiegel.de: Ex- "Bild" journalist: Steinbrück's new spokesman has to apologize

↑ zeit.de: Rösler remains FDP boss, Brüderle becomes the top candidate

↑ Die Linke has nominated a team of eight for the federal election campaign. Zeit online, January 21, 2013, accessed November 3, 2013 .

↑ Spiegel Online: “Green base makes Göring-Eckardt and Trittin a top duo” , November 10, 2012

↑ David Hein: The date for the TV duel for the federal election has been set , Horizont.net from June 13, 2013

^ Sonja Pohlmann: Anne Will moderates TV duel , Tagesspiegel.de from March 6, 2013

↑ TV three-way fight of the small parties on spiegel.de

↑ ^a ^b payment center. DWDL.de , accessed on August 10, 2016 .

↑ ^a ^b TV duel noticeably increases, but only Das Erste is cheering. DWDL.de , accessed on August 10, 2016 .

↑ ^a ^b Meedia: TV ratings. In: meedia.de. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013 ; Retrieved October 13, 2011 .

↑ cf. Imprint Wahl-O-Mat 2013

↑ Wahl-O-Mat-Theses . Compare your personal points of view with the positions of all parties at Wahl-o-mat.de .

↑ Helga Hochwind: CDU and Wahl-O-Mat: You shouldn't fool. Spiegel Online, September 23, 2009

↑ No more income limit: Bahr wants to open private health insurance for everyone . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 27, 2013 ( faz.net ).

↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Union disputes over car toll , from September 2, 2013

^ Photon: What awaits the voter. August 2013 ( Memento from September 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.2 MB)

↑ Spiegel Online: Survey in the euro crisis: Top values for Merkel

↑ n-tv.de: Chancellor not the right job: SPD supporters don't want Gabriel

↑ New Forsa survey: Steinbrück effect: SPD only at 23%

↑ stern.de: Stern: "Parties: FDP run away the members, Greens catch up"

↑ Spiegel Online: Spiegel: “Economy turns away from Steinbrück” , accessed on December 18, 2012

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj Wahlrecht.de: survey results - Forsa

^ BZ Online: Pirates under five percent

↑ INSA: If there were general elections next Sunday… . Surveys from September 27, 2012 to September 22, 2013. Online at wahlrecht.de.

↑ Wahlrecht.de

↑ Survey sees black and yellow wafer-thin in front, FDP must tremble. In: Focus Online . Retrieved August 10, 2016 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Wahlrecht.de: Survey results - Allensbach

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck Wahlrecht.de: survey results - Emnid

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Wahlrecht.de: Survey results - Forschungsgruppe Wahlen

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wahlrecht.de: Survey results - INSA opinion trend of Insa Consulere GmbH or bild.de and BILD (also client)

↑ ^a ^b Wahlrecht.de: Further surveys

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj Wahlrecht.de: survey results - Infratest dimap

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Wahlrecht.de: Survey results - Society for market and social research

↑ Stern online - De Maizière crashes, the CDU does not

↑ ^a ^b Wahlumfragen.org - Bundestag election

↑ Eligible voters. In: bundeswahlleiter.de. Retrieved May 22, 2017 .

↑ Federal Returning Officer: Federal Results - Final result of the 2013 Bundestag election ( Memento of May 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) and own calculations

↑ focus.de

↑ Anne Will. (YouTube) ARD , September 10, 2017, accessed on September 19, 2017 (12'05 ″): "Schäuble:" We were both there four years ago when the Greens explored the CDU-CSU after the last election; and I can still remember an evening when you then needed a longer period of deliberation, when the seven of the Union - I was one of them - told you that all you have to do is say 'yes' and then we will form a government . And after 3.5 hours you said you didn't want to; and you know exactly how disappointed the Union was with you at the time [...] Seehofer said you only need to say 'yes', we are ready. [...] "Cem Özdemir then largely confirms what Mr. Schäuble has described."

[1] Federal Returning Officer: Federal result - final result of the federal election 2013 ( Memento of 16 May 2016 in the Internet Archive )

[2] Before Erika Steinbach left the parliamentary group and Katherina Reiche left the Bundestag according to the composition of the Bundestag. German Bundestag. Retrieved April 18, 2016 .

[3] spiegel.de

[4] women and men. In: bundestag.de. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016 ; accessed on August 10, 2016 .

[5] Section 16 of the Federal Election Act

Bundestag election 2013

Suffrage and organization

Events

Time of election and deadlines in advance of the election

Previous constitutional problems with the federal electoral law

Constituency division

Election observer

initial situation

Parties and candidates

Parties

Admission of the parties and direct candidates

Ranking on the ballot papers

Top candidates

CDU / CSU

SPD

FDP

left

Green

TV duels

Odds

Positions

Wahl-O-Mat

Election manifestos of the parties

Domestic politics

Financial markets

Taxes and child benefits

Work, social affairs, health and family

Europe

Transport and consumer protection

Environment and energy

Survey

Individual surveys

Election result

Final overall result

Result by country

Result according to old and new countries

Response rates and proportion of non-voters

Second vote share of the parties according to constituencies

After the election

Legislation

Coalition opportunities

Coalition formation

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence