Öhringen

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 12 '  N , 9 ° 30'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Stuttgart
County :	Hohenlohe district
Height :	230 m above sea level NHN
Area :	67.78 km 2
Residents:	24,374 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	360 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	74613
Primaries :	07941, 07948
License plate :	KÜN, EAR
Community key :	08 1 26 066
City structure:	Core city and 9 districts
City administration address :	Marktplatz 15 74613 Öhringen
Website :	www.oehringen.de
Lord Mayor :	Thilo Michler ( independent )
Location of the city of Öhringen in the Hohenlohe district

Öhringen is a town in the Franconian north-east of Baden-Württemberg , about 25 km east of Heilbronn . After the first settlements in historical times under the Romans, the city on the Limes developed from the 11th century, especially with the foundation of a canon monastery , into the residence of the Princes of Hohenlohe. The city was first mentioned as Oringowe in the Öhringer foundation letter dated 1037 . After the transition to Württemberg in 1806, the city became an administrative center, in 1938 the seat of the district of Öhringen and remained the district town until the Hohenlohe district was founded in 1973.

With its 24,374 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018), Öhringen is the largest town in the Hohenlohe district and, since 1994, its only major district town . For the surrounding communities it is the middle center in the Heilbronn-Franconia region .

Öhringen from the west; in the background the Hohenlohe level, on the right the collegiate church and the castle

Aerial view of Öhringen

geography

Collegiate Church and Castle (view from the Allmand)

Geographical location

Öhringen is located in the western, lower part of the Hohenlohe plain , between the Keuperstufe of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains and the Kocher Valley . The city spreads across the flat valley of the Ohrn , a small river that flows into the Kocher about 10 km downhill in the district of Ohrnberg . The urban area is between 168  m above sea level. NN in the Kochertal on the district border near Möglingen and 486  m above sea level NN in the Mainhardter Wald on the Karlsfurt plain , which still belongs to the Michelbach district. The height in the core city itself varies between 215  m above sea level. NN and 280  m above sea level NN .

The Öhringen area drains to the Kocher, which enters the marking between Ohrnberg and Sindringen, about 3 km upstream from Ohrnberg. He leaves the district and the district after 6 km west of the Möglingen district. The Ohrn has created a wide, level valley floor in the northwest of the city and near Möhrig. From Unterohrn to the confluence with the cooker, the Ohrn runs in the hard layers of shell limestone and has cut a deep valley there. This section of the river was declared a protected landscape area in 1963 as the Ohrntal . The Maßholderbach and the Westernbach, which flow into the Ohrn northwest of the city center, also form flat valleys in the northeastern part of the district.

The nature reserve Viehweide Michelbach is located on the Michelbacher marker.

Öhringen is located on the southwestern edge of the East Franconian language area , whereby influences from Rhine Franconian and Swabian can be seen in the special Öhringen dialect .

geology

In terms of natural space, the Hohenlohe Plain is part of the south-west German layer level country and belongs to the Triassic landscape . It is one of the Gäuf areas extending in a band with changing width from the southeastern edge of the Black Forest over the Franconian Gäubucht to the Franconian in the north and merges in the north and east into building land , the Taubergrund and the Haller level. The Hohenlohe plain itself encompasses the area around Kocher and Jagst up to the foot of the Keuperwald Mountains and is a poorly forested and fertile old farming country.

The subsoil is formed by the layers of shell limestone , which are covered over large areas by layers of the Lettenkeuper and partly by loess loam . Tauber , Kocher and Jagst have cut their way into the mostly hard rock of the shell limestone with their many tributaries, creating narrow, varied and scenic valley sections. The Gäuf area is framed and overlooked in a semicircle in the south by the forests of the Löwenstein , Waldenburg and Limpurger mountains .

Exposure of the Keuper on the Golberg

This edge of the Keup step towers over the Hohenlohe plain by about 130 meters, at Waldenburg even up to 180 meters. The step builders here are mainly reed , pebble and parlor sandstone , which because of their waterlogging are rarely plowed, but are mainly forested. Due to fluvial erosion , the edge of the Keuperwald Mountains was divided into several sections with spur-like protrusions over time. In some places individual mountains were cut off as witness mountains , at Öhringen the Golberg ( 325  m above sea level ), the Verrenberg ( 205  m above sea level ) and the Lindelberg ( 334  m above sea level ). The landscape around Öhringen thus contributes to two important elements of the south-west German layer level country, the Gäuplatten and the Keuperwald mountains.

The shell limestone in the subsoil of the Hohenlohe and Haller Plains is largely karstified, which can be seen in more than 2000  sinkholes , numerous dry valleys and some cave systems. The shell limestone is mined in several quarries and mostly broken into gravel, also in the urban area of ​​Öhringen (near Unterohrn). However, Lettenkeuper is still deposited on the shell limestone in a layer that is not very permeable to water, which prevents the precipitation from seeping into the shell limestone. Since there are often layers of loess and loess loam on the Lettenkeuper, soils rich in minerals and easy to cultivate arable with sufficient moisture were created.

The area around Öhringen is heavily influenced by agriculture. In addition to the cultivation of grain, sugar beet, cabbage, cucumbers, onions, maize and rapeseed, orchards and vineyards give the landscape its typical character.

climate

Hohenlohe is part of the warm temperate Central European climate zone with a predominantly maritime character. The topography, which changes on a small scale, especially between valley and altitude, causes the climate to vary greatly from place to place. The local climate in Öhringen mediates between the milder one of the Neckar basin , the somewhat rougher one of the Hohenlohe plain and the low mountain range climate that prevails in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains. Öhringen has an average annual temperature of 8.7 ° C. The monthly averages for January and July are around one to two degrees lower on the Keuper Heights. These temperature differences are particularly evident in winter, when there is still snow on the heights, but it has long since thawed on the plain. The mean annual total precipitation in Öhringen is 734 mm, in the higher areas of the Keuperwald mountains it falls up to 1000 mm and sometimes more. The spring arrival with the beginning of the apple blossom is in Öhringen around May 4th, further east later, further west earlier. The German Weather Service operates a weather station in Öhringen .

Öhringen
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     63   3 -2     57   5 -2     63   9 1     64   14th 4th     85   18th 8th     94   22nd 11     75   24 13     76   23 13     59   20th 10     63   14th 6th     68   8th 2     74   4th -1 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Öhringen Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3 5 9 14th 18th 22nd 24 23 20th 14th 8th 4th O 13.7 Min. Temperature (° C) −2 −2 1 4th 8th 11 13 13 10 6th 2 −1 O 5.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 63 57 63 64 85 94 75 76 59 63 68 74 Σ 841 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.7 2.6 4.0 5.2 6.7 6.9 7.7 6.9 5.6 4.0 2.0 1.6 O 4.6 Rainy days ( d ) 19th 15th 13 15th 14th 14th 15th 14th 13 13 14th 15th Σ 174 Humidity ( % ) 85 81 75 71 71 73 72 74 78 82 84 85 O 77.6 Source: wetterkontor.de

Neighboring communities

The following cities and municipalities border - clockwise (starting in the north) - on the city of Öhringen: Forchtenberg , Zweiflingen , Neuenstein , Waldenburg , Pfedelbach and Bretzfeld (all Hohenlohekreis) as well as Langenbrettach and Hardthausen am Kocher (both district Heilbronn ). Together with Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen, Öhringen forms an agreed administrative community . The fulfilling municipality of Öhringen advises and supports the two other municipalities in the performance of their tasks and takes care of technical and civil engineering matters for these municipalities and the maintenance and expansion of the second-order waters.

Öhringen is a middle center of the Heilbronn-Franconia region , in which the city of Heilbronn is designated as a regional center . In addition to the town of Öhringen, the central area Öhringen also includes the towns and communities Bretzfeld , Neuenstein , Pfedelbach , Waldenburg and Zweiflingen (all Hohenlohekreis).

City structure

The urban area of ​​Öhringen consists of the core town and the districts Baumerlenbach , Büttelbronn , Cappel , Eckartsweiler , Michelbach am Wald , Möglingen , Ohrnberg , Schwöllbronn and Verrenberg , which were only incorporated in the course of the territorial reform of the 1970s. All incorporated communities belonged to the district of Öhringen or from 1973 to its legal successor, the Hohenlohe district.

The districts are also localities within the meaning of the municipal code for Baden-Württemberg with a local council and a local mayor as chairman. The local councils are elected at every local election by the local population with voting rights and are to be heard on important matters relating to the locality. Each village has a local administrative office of the city administration.

district	Incorporation	Residents	Area ha	associated living spaces
Baumerlenbach	Dec. 31, 1972	407	622	-
Büttelbronn	Dec 31, 1973	515	694	Ober- and Untermaßholderbach
Cappel	0Jan. 1, 1975	1,163	230	-
Eckartsweiler	0Jan. 1, 1975	353	754	Platzhof, Untersöllbach, Weinsbach
Michelbach am Wald	Dec. 31, 1972	1,231	1321	-
Possible	Dec. 31, 1972	272	356	-
Ohrnberg	Dec. 31, 1972	624	785	Buchhof, Heuholzhöfe, Neuenberg, Ruckhardshausen
Schwöllbronn	0Feb. 1, 1972	478	681	Lower ears
Verrenberg	0Feb. 1, 1972	680	414	-

Division of space

According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.

history

→ Main article: History of the city of Öhringen

From the band ceramists to the Roman Limes

Zeugenberge Lindelberg (left, to Pfedelbach) and Golberg (to Öhringen)

In several places in the precincts of the city Öhringen traces were the Linear Pottery , one of the oldest Neolithic groups are discovered. Other finds show that the area was relatively densely populated during the early Neolithic period. Settlements were probably built on the witness mountains in and around Öhringen. The Golberg is considered the most easterly site of the Michelsberg culture . There is very little evidence of settlements in the Bronze and Iron Ages in and around Öhringen.

Around 159/160 AD, two forts were built on the Roman Limes - Öhringen-West and Öhringen-Ost. A maximum of a thousand soldiers had their quarters in the two garrisons to secure and monitor the Roman border. In addition to the military facilities, an economically important civil town of around 20 to 30 hectares with a wealthy population was created. The place received its inscribed name, Vicus Aurelianus , most likely in honor of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius . The Alemanni raids in 259 and 260 AD led to the fall of the Limes and the fall of the Roman Öhringen. There is no archaeological evidence of an Alemannic settlement in Öhringen . From the Roman period to the early Middle Ages , there seems to be almost no settlement continuity in the Öhringen area, apart from a grave from the 7th century.

Localization

The foundation of the Canons' Monastery in 1037 (illustration from around 1420)

In the Öhringer foundation letter , dated to the year 1037, the eponymous city ​​was first mentioned as Oringowe (Gau an der Ohrn), later the place was referred to as Orngau and from 1472 as Ö (h) ringen. The area near the church fountain is assumed to be the first settlement, and another settlement is assumed to be in the old town. The foundation letter certifies the establishment of a canon monastery of Regensburg Bishop Gebhard III. at the parish church in the "villa oringowe". Possibly the place goes back to Merovingian roots.

Hohenlohe rule

The ownership of Öhringen passed from the diocese of Regensburg to the noble Hohenlohe family . In the Öhringer Weistum of 1253, details about the urban (ownership) conditions are recorded. The result was an urban patriciate, with neighboring noble lords, such as von Berlichingen , exercising real estate and the rights attached to it. The Hohenlohe founded a hospital in the city in 1353.

In 1500 the Franconian Imperial Circle was created, so the city was part of Hohenlohe. During the Peasants 'War in 1525, around 1,500 farmers moved to Öhringen to support the farmers' demands there. Wendel Hipler from Neuenstein became the political leader of the farmers and in May he headed the farmers 'parliament in Heilbronn as farmers' chancellor.

After the Peace of Augsburg , the rulers decreed church reform in their communities - also in Öhringen. In 1556 the monastery was reformed, its administration was taken over by the sovereigns, which in fact resulted in the dissolution of the monastery .

During the Thirty Years War, Öhringen suffered particularly from famine associated with the plague of 1625. From 13 to 18 September 1634, Öhringen, like numerous neighboring towns, was plundered and towards the end of the war the city had to maintain the headquarters of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm and General Gallas from 1645 to 1646 , while their troops fought against the Swedes.

Residential city

In 1677 Öhringen became the residence of Count Johann Friedrich I von Hohenlohe. With the elevation to the residence Öhringen experienced a structural boom, but also attracted luxury goods and related handicrafts. The castle was expanded and expanded, a theater was built and the so-called Karlsvorstadt was built at the end of the 18th century . In 1698 the Hohenlohe family inherited the Hohenlohe-Neuenstein line. The elevation of Count Johann Friedrich II. To Prince of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen by Emperor Franz I in 1764 was not only important for the Princely House, but also for the development of Öhringen as a royal seat, which around 1800 was the largest of the 17 Hohenlohe towns was. It had around 3,000 inhabitants and was also the center of rural handicrafts and trade in an extensive rural area.

Württemberg Oberamtsstadt

After the founding of the Rhine Confederation , the Hohenlohe principalities and thus also Öhringen were incorporated into the Kingdom of Württemberg on September 13, 1806 . With the "incorporation" of Hohenlohe, Württemberg law, Württemberg measures and weights, taxes and penalties were introduced. Öhringen became the Oberamtsstadt of the Oberamt of the same name .

3 Kreuzer Kingdom postage stamp, stirrup cancellation, ÖHRINGEN around 1856.

It remained a town of craftsmen and traders until the second half of the 19th century. Until 1862 the craft was organized in guilds , which adhered to restrictions on access and capacity as well as other regulations. The time as an upper administrative city and thus the affiliation to a large state brought important improvements to the city's infrastructure: In 1850 the trunk road to Schwäbisch Hall was expanded to Chaussee , in 1862 the Royal Württemberg State Railways opened the Kocherbahn Heilbronn – Hall, the Öhringen to the railway network connected.

time of the nationalsocialism

On May 5, 1933, the municipal council was dissolved and replaced by twelve councilors who were not directly elected, but were appointed to this body after the results of the Reichstag elections in March 1933. Eight of the new councilors were provided by the NSDAP and two by the Kampfbund Schwarz-Weiß-Rot, allied with it. This alliance had received 67 percent of the vote in Öhringen in the Reichstag election. In the course of time, gymnastics and sports clubs were dissolved and merged to form the TSG; the male choir and lieder wreath became the singers' association. Jewish fellow citizens were pushed out of the clubs and civil life, and their businesses were boycotted. In 1933 Öhringen had around 160 Jews. Most of them were able to emigrate, around 40 stayed and fell victim to the Holocaust . In 1933, foreign commandos picked up Jews, communists and social democrats indiscriminately, drove them through the city and mistreated them; in 1938 the synagogue was devastated. The Öhringen doctor Julius Merzbacher (1890–1943) and his wife Hilde, b. Haymann (1898–1943), were expelled by the people of Öhringen in 1939, they went to Constance and were abducted from there and murdered in the Majdanek concentration camp in 1943 . They separated from their children Rolf Merzbacher and Werner Merzbacher just in time, and they were rescued in Switzerland .

During the Second World War , numerous women and men were deported to Germany for forced labor . The victims in Öhringen are buried in the Öhringen cemetery and in the cemeteries of the districts, a memorial stone commemorates them at the Öhringen cemetery. Many homes were destroyed or damaged in the final days and weeks of World War II. On April 13, 1945, American troops reached Öhringen and occupied the city.

present

The district of Öhringen with Öhringen as the district town emerged from the Oberamt Öhringen in 1938 . This existed until the district reform in 1973 , when it merged with the Künzelsau district in the Hohenlohe district. From 1972 to 1975, as part of the Baden-Wuerttemberg community reform, nine surrounding communities, today's Öhringen suburbs, were incorporated after the rebuilding of a large town Öhringen had failed. In 1993 the population of Öhringen exceeded the 20,000 mark. As a result, the city administration submitted the application for a major district town, which was approved by the state government of Baden-Württemberg with effect from July 1, 1994.

Incorporations

• 0February 1, 1972: Schwöllbronn and Verrenberg
• December 31, 1972: Baumerlenbach, Michelbach am Wald, Möglingen and Ohrnberg
• 0January 1, 1975: Cappel and Eckardtsweiler

Religions

Catholic Church of St. Joseph

The area of ​​the city of Öhringen originally belonged to the Würzburg monastery and was assigned to the archdeaconate of Weinsberg as part of the diocese . In 1556 the Reformation was introduced by the Lords of Hohenlohe ; the city became the seat of a general consistory for the county of Hohenlohe. After that, Öhringen was a predominantly Protestant city for many centuries. The parish church of the Protestant parish is the Öhringen collegiate church , which is owned by the state of Baden-Württemberg. The collegiate church is also the seat of the dean's office in Öhringen, the area of ​​which is congruent with the Evangelical church district of Öhringen within the Württemberg regional church. In addition to the parish of Öhringen, there are three other Protestant parishes in the city (see history of the city of Öhringen ).

With the Reformation, Catholic life in Öhringen died out around 1581. From 1867, religious services were occasionally held again. The Öhringen Catholics were looked after as a "branch" from Pfedelbach. In 1951 the independent parish administration Öhringen was established. The first pastor was Pastor Gottfried Leuz. On January 1, 1957, Öhringen's parish was established, and in 1961 the St. Joseph's Church was consecrated. Öhringen is part of the Hohenlohe deanery in the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese

There is a Methodist Evangelical Church in Öhringen . The first Methodist preachers came to Öhringen in 1852. Initially, the work of the preachers was directed from Heilbronn, from 1868 an auxiliary preacher was stationed in Öhringen. In 1874 the young community became an independent district, two years earlier a building of its own was acquired. The first chapel was consecrated in 1877. There was a ballroom on the ground floor of the new building, and an apartment for the preacher on the upper floor. In the 1960s, the community sold the building to the neighboring post office and built a Christ Church on Pfaffenmühlweg (from 1965). It was inaugurated on January 30, 1966 and renovated in 2005 together with the community center.

A New Apostolic parish has existed in Öhringen since 1906. It has its own church building, which was erected and inaugurated on Hohenlohestrasse in 1928. The parish belongs to the New Apostolic church district Künzelsau. It has 240 members (as of 2006).

From 1997 to 2004 the Turkish-Islamic Cultural Association built a mosque ( Akşemseddin Camii) for the Muslims in Öhringen and the surrounding area in the Im Sichert industrial area .

Other denominations and religions represented in Öhringen include the South German Community , the Jehovah's Witnesses with their own Kingdom Hall, and the Free Christian Congregation of Philadelphia (part of the Bund Freikirchlicher Pentecostal Congregations ).

A Jewish community in Öhringen first existed in the Middle Ages. It was destroyed by the persecution of the Jews in 1298 and 1349. With the influx of Jews from the area, a new Jewish community in Öhringen was founded in 1889 , which was initially a branch of the Jewish community in Eschenau and later had up to 180 members at times. In 1933 there were 163 Jewish people living in the city. Many of them were murdered during the Nazi era .

Population development

Population development of Öhringen from 1798 to 2016 according to the adjacent table

The city's population development up to 1939 was wavy with short increases and long decreases. From 1834 to 1845 the number of residents grew by over 14% to 8,405. Ten years later, the population fell to 7,397, which is also due to emigration to North America. In the years up to 1861 the number of inhabitants grew to 8,247, then fell again and grew to 8,454 inhabitants by 1885. Over the next 20 years the number fell by around 11%, but rose again to 8,137 inhabitants by 1933. By 1939 the number had dropped back to just under 8,000.

During the Second World War, numerous evacuees were admitted from the Ruhr area , and the allocation of displaced persons in particular caused the number of residents to rise rapidly after the end of the war. In 1950 there were already 12,463 inhabitants in the city (56% increase compared to 1939), of which 2,928 were displaced (more than 23% of the total population). In 1961 the number of inhabitants was 14,197, in 1970 it was 15,964. Immigrants around 1980 and especially from 1986 to 1997 caused the population to continue to grow (17,071 in 1987 and 22,677 in 2004). The proportion of foreigners in the population was 6% in 1970, 8.5% in 1987 and 9.4% in 2004.

The following table refers to the figures for the city of Öhringen without incorporations until 1970, the population figures refer to the respective territorial status. The figures are estimates, census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices ( main residences only ).

year Residents 1798 3.157 1810 3,419 1823 3,291 1843 3,235 1861 3,798 December 1, 1871 3,412 December 1, 1880¹ 3,723 December 1, 1890¹ 3,914 December 1, 1900¹ 3,570 December 1, 1910¹ 3,801 June 16, 1925¹ 4,208 June 16, 1933¹ 4,618 May 17, 1939¹ 4,582 December 1945 5,858

year Residents September 13, 1950¹ 7,475 June 6, 1961¹ 10,050 May 27, 1970¹ 11,367 December 31, 1975 16,011 December 31, 1980 16,211 May 25, 1987¹ 16,942 December 31, 1990 18,535 December 31, 1995 21,433 December 31, 2000 22,208 December 31, 2005 22,706 December 31, 2010 22,762 December 31, 2015 23,489 December 31, 2016 23,771 December 31, 2017 24,010

¹ census result

politics

Mayor

Lord Mayor of Öhringen is the non-party Thilo Michler. The previous mayor of Zaberfeld was elected to succeed Jochen Kübler on June 7, 2009. He received 60.7% of the votes cast in the first ballot. The turnout was 48%. The term of office is eight years.

Thilo Michler was re-elected on July 23, 2017 with 89.48% of the vote. The turnout was 19.68%.

Public official since 1945

• 1945–1948: Wilhelm Rösch
• 1948–1954: Franz Illenberger
• 1954–1967: Richard Laidig
• 1967–1987: Ulrich Fahrenbruch
• 1987–2009: Jochen K. Kübler ( CDU )
• Since 2009: Thilo Michler

For a detailed description of the city administration, see the history of the city of Öhringen . There is also a list of officials.

Municipal council

In Öhringen, the municipal council is elected using the spurious selection of a part of town. The number of local councils can change due to overhang mandates . The municipal council consists of the elected voluntary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:

Distribution of seats since 2019

       

A total of 38 seats

• SPD : 4
• US / Greens : 7
• LBÖ: 7
• FDP : 3
• FW : 6
• CDU : 9
• AfD : 2

Party / list	Share of votes		Seats
CDU	23.3%	−7.7	9	−4
US - Environment-Sustainability-Social / Greens	19.8%	+5.8	7th	+1
LBÖ - Liberal Citizens Öhringen	18.1%	+1.1	7th	± 0
Free voters	16.2%	−1.0	6th	−1
SPD	10.2%	−5	4th	−2
FDP	7.1%	+1.6	3	+1
AfD	5.1%	+5.1	2	+2

badges and flags

The blazon of the Öhringen coat of arms reads: In a shield divided diagonally by red and silver, an obliquely left key in confused colors, with the beard pointing upwards to the left. The city's flag is red and white.

The key is the attribute of St. Peter , the patron of the Öhringen collegiate church. In the 14th century, the seals of Öhringen depicted the whole saint (with key and book), flanked by two ears as a reference to the city's name. In the 16th century, the key was used as another seal image. The figure of Peter and the key were both used until 1954; since then only the key has been used. The colors red and white are the colors of the Hohenlohe people , for whom the city served as one of their residences for many centuries.

• 

  Coat of arms of Öhringen

• 

  City key at an Öhringen fountain

• 

  Modern city key, part of the city's corporate design

Town twinning

Öhringen has been friends with the city of Großenhain in Saxony since 1993 . A town partnership has existed since 1995 with the market community Treffen in the federal state of Carinthia ( Austria ). Friendly relations had existed between the meeting and Cappel fire departments since 1985. Another town twinning with the borough of Wickersley in the city of Rotherham in the north of England ( United Kingdom ), which went back to friendly relations at the sporting level since 1981, existed since 1996. At Wickersley's request, this partnership was terminated in June 2009. Since June 8, 2013 there has been an official city partnership with the Polish city of Kedzierzyn-Kozle.

Economy and Infrastructure

employment

According to figures from the Federal Employment Agency, 568 of the 22,766 inhabitants of Öhringen were unemployed in 2007 , which corresponds to 3.8% of 15 to 65 year olds. 8,347 residents were employed subject to social security contributions, of which 4,737 (around 57%) worked as commuters outside Öhringen; there were 5,361 commuters, so that 8,971 employees subject to social insurance work in Öhringen. Of these, 46.2% were employed in the manufacturing sector, 22.3% in the retail, hospitality and transport sectors and 30.6% in the other services sector. The self-employed are not included in these figures .

The Öhringen main station (Aug. 2007)

Tram stop Öhringen-West

traffic

Road traffic

The city of Öhringen is directly connected to the German trunk road network via the Öhringen junction on federal motorway 6 . Several state and district roads cross the city and lead to Künzelsau, Schwäbisch Hall, Heilbronn, Kochertal and the Mainhardt Forest .

The Burgenstraße, a holiday route that runs from Mannheim and Heilbronn via Nuremberg to Prague, runs through Öhringen.

Rail transport

Öhringen Hbf is located on the Heilbronn – Crailsheim railway line, which opened between 1862 and 1867 . The route is served by local trains operated by Deutsche Bahn .

The S4 tram to Heilbronn and Karlsruhe has been running on this route since mid-December 2005 . The Heilbronn - Öhringen-Cappel section is shared by the S 4 of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn (or Heilbronn Stadtbahn ). The regional express line Heilbronn – Crailsheim is used by trains of the Westfrankenbahn . The Heilbronn – Crailsheim railway line was modernized from 2003 to 2005 and equipped with an overhead line to Öhringen-Cappel. In addition to the Cappel terminus, the Öhringen-West stop was rebuilt; plans for a Am Römerwall stop were discarded in 2014. An originally planned stop in Verrenberg was also not realized.

Bus routes

The local public transport is served by several bus lines of the Heilbronn Hohenloher Haller local transport , in which the light rail is integrated.

Former railway line

The districts of Ohrnberg and Möglingen are located on the former Untere Kochertalbahn from Bad Friedrichshall - Jagstfeld to Ohrnberg and each had its own train station. The Neuenstadt - Ohrnberg section was inaugurated in 1913, and rail operations on the entire route were discontinued in 1993.

The route of the dismantled rail line from Kochersteinsfeld to Ohrnberg is now used as a cycle path (section of the Kocher-Jagst cycle path ).

Limes cycle path

The German Limes Cycle Route runs through the city . This follows the Upper German-Raetian Limes over 818 km from Bad Hönningen on the Rhine to Regensburg on the Danube .

Limes hiking trail

Öhringen is located on the Limes hiking trail of the Swabian Alb Association , a section of the German Limes hiking trail .

media

The Hohenloher Zeitung has reported from Öhringen and the Hohenlohe district since 1947 . One of its predecessors was the Privileged Oehringer Wochenblatt , which appeared for the first time before 1800. From 1805 it became the Princely Hohenlohian Community Privileged Intelligence Journal and served as the official gazette for all lines of the Princely House. In 1841, the Intelligence Journal became the Hohenloher Bote , which appeared three times a week, and daily in the 20th century. The last edition appeared on October 31, 1934 (in the 151st year). As a competitor to the Hohenloher Boten, the Hohenloher daily newspaper appeared from 1924 to 1933 with the head sheet of the Neuenstädter daily newspaper . This newspaper was superseded from 1932 by the Nazi newspaper Hohenloher Rundschau , which was first printed in Weinsberg and which was printed in Öhringen from 1933 to 1945 as a contract. After the war, the Heilbronn voice appeared from 1946 with a news section for the district of Öhringen. The Hohenloher Zeitung (HZ), a local edition of the Heilbronner Voice, has been published since January 18, 1947 . Local editorial offices of the HZ are located in Öhringen and Künzelsau.

A free official journal of the city of Öhringen has been published every fortnight since mid-2018. The public notices are published in it. This was done in the Hohenloher Zeitung until mid-2018 .

The echo (Wednesdays and Sundays, from the Heilbronner Voice publishing group) and the KreisKurier (Wednesdays, from the Schwäbisch Hall newspaper publisher, in which the Haller Tagblatt appears) are distributed as free advertising papers . The free city magazine of ÖHRINGER has been published monthly since 1998 . In addition, the monthly advertising magazine Hohenlohe Trends and the city ​​magazine Moritz appear .

The SWR4 Frankenradio of the Südwestrundfunk -Studio Heilbronn reports regularly on the radio about Öhringen as well as the Heilbronn private broadcaster Radio Ton .

Court, authorities and public institutions

Court and authorities

Öhringen is a local court that the District Court of Heilbronn and the Higher Regional Court of Stuttgart belongs.

There is also a police station.

The Öhringen tax office is responsible for the entire Hohenlohe district.

The district office of the Hohenlohekreis has various branches in Öhringen (general youth welfare, agricultural office, health department, district media center, vehicle registration office, economic control service).

Öhringen Hospital

The Regionale Gesundheitsholding Heilbronn-Franken GmbH (shareholder: Stadtkreis Heilbronn, Landkreis Heilbronn and Hohenlohekreis) is, together with the Hohenlohekreis, a partner in Hohenlohe Hospital gGmbH. In addition to the hospital in Künzelsau, it operates the Öhringen hospital with 180 beds. One focus of the Öhringen hospital is gynecology / obstetrics. In addition to the hospital, Hohenloher Krankenhaus gGmbH operates a geriatric rehabilitation clinic (20 beds) and a nursing home with 98 fully inpatient places in Öhringen .

Öhringen fire brigade

The Öhringen volunteer fire brigade consists of three trains of two or three groups each and has a total team of 300 men. It is one of three base fire brigades in the Hohenlohe district with a total of 15 vehicles. These form the fire-fighting, emergency and dangerous goods trains that are responsible for the city of Öhringen and a section of the motorway on the A 6, and for the old district of Öhringen in the event of major damage. The dangerous goods train covers the entire Hohenlohe district. Six other vehicles are distributed across the Baumerlenbach, Büttelbronn, Cappel, Eckartsweiler, Michelbach, Möglingen, Ohrnberg, Schwöllbronn, Unterohrn and Verrenberg departments.

The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1848 and the city issued the first fire brigade statute in 1853. The first location was the Leiterhaus on Hafenmarkt . Of fires in the city's firefighters were the ringing of the fire bell alerted on the Blasturm, from fires outside by the watchman blew the fire horn. A compulsory fire brigade was introduced around 1900 because there was a lack of volunteers for the service. A few years later they returned to the voluntary system. The fire brigade received the first motorized sprayer with a pumping capacity of 1,500 liters per minute in 1922. It was housed in the fire station at the train station, which was expanded in 1928 by a 16 meter high riser tower . The fire brigade had one of its biggest missions during the fire in the old town on July 17, 1963. Four houses burned down completely and 15 apartments were affected. Since the old fire station had become much too small in the meantime, a new one was built on Pfaffenmühlweg in the early 1970s , which was inaugurated in 1972. There is also a central heating plant for urban buildings in the building. The building was expanded in 1989 and offers space for 18 fire engines.

Social facilities

Kindergarten Dambacher Villa

There are nine municipal kindergartens in Öhringen , one each in Cappel, Michelbach and Ohrnberg. The Protestant parish runs three kindergartens in Öhringen, the Catholic parish one. There is also a private day-care center. The Catholic, Protestant and Evangelical-Methodist parishes have set up a table shop in the city that gives food to the needy for a small fee. Caritas , Diakonie and Arbeiterwohlfahrt have offices in Öhringen and advise and support people in general social matters.

education

Öhringen has a general high school ( Hohenlohe-Gymnasium Öhringen , HGÖ), a Realschule (RSÖ), a special school (Albert-Schweitzer-Schule), a secondary school with Werkrealschule (Weygangschule) and four elementary schools (Hungerfeldschule, Schillerschule with branch in Verrenberg, GS Cappel , GS Michelbach am Wald).

The Hohenlohekreis is responsible for the three vocational schools in Öhringen: Commercial school, including a technical high school, Richard-von-Weizsäcker school (home and agricultural school, including a high school for agricultural sciences and a high school for social sciences) and a business school, including a business high school .

The private Tiele-Winckler School for Educational Aid from Home for the Homeless in Freudenberg rounds off Öhringen's range of schools.

Supply and disposal

Power supply

Maschinenfabrik Karl Eheim (right), Kottmannsche estate (left), Weippertsche electricity center (center)

The first power supply systems were built in 1896. The manufacturer Gustav Weippert temporarily built a generator in a boiler house with a steam engine on his factory site on today's Kottmannstrasse, which fed two arc lamps in the hall of the inn to the railway via a 100 meter long line. In the same year the first shops and an inn were connected to the power grid. Factory owner Weippert sold his machine factory and built a larger electrical center in 1903 on Meisterhausstrasse. The power station was leased to the Württembergische Gesellschaft für Elektrizitätswerke ( Esslingen am Neckar ). For 15 years the city was supplied exclusively with electricity from the Öhringen electricity company. Street lighting with 60 “flames” was switched from petroleum lamps to electricity in 1905.

The community association Überlandwerk Hohenlohe-Öhringen was an electricity company founded in 1910 by 42 communities in the districts of Öhringen, Neckarsulm, Weinsberg and Schwäbisch Hall. The community association is one of the predecessors of the Schwaben Energy Supply (EVS), from which today's EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg emerged through the merger with Badenwerk .

Diesel center of the Hohenlohe-Öhringen overland plant

The community association took over the Öhringen power station in 1912 and expanded it to include three diesel generators by 1914. The plans of the community association envisaged - in addition to the construction of the power grid - the construction of the Ohrnberg am Kocher hydropower plant . This power plant was built between 1922 and 1924.

The core city was supplied with a direct current three-wire network, while some more distant operations were connected with three-phase current connections . When the headquarters were modernized in 1933/34, a substation was built and Öhringen was connected to the 60  kV line from Heilbronn to Kupferzell .

In 1939, the Hohenlohe-Öhringen overland plant was incorporated into the Schwaben Energy Supply (EVS), while the Öhringen administration was retained. EVS remained in the ownership of the municipalities, the city of Öhringen owned the largest block of shares in a single municipality. In 2002 the city of Öhringen sold the majority of its block of shares in the successor company, generating proceeds of over 35 million euros.

The transformer stations in the city are now connected to the Heilbronn-Kupferzell high-voltage line , which was built in 1955 (110 kV), via the Möhrig transformer station .

Water supply

Waterworks on the Golberg

A central water supply was set up in Öhringen in 1900. The first elevated tank was built on Friedrichsruher Strasse. Of the 14 fountains reported in the Oberamtsbeschreibung in 1865, four still exist in the city center today (Marktbrunnen, Rathausbrunnen, Wilhelmsbrunnen and Altstadtbrunnen). Especially after the Second World War there was a lack of water in Öhringen, especially in summer many residents were without water for days. Plans for a reservoir near Unterheimbach have been drawn up and the budget has set up reserves for them. The district administrators of the districts of Öhringen, Künzelsau, Schwäbisch Hall, Crailsheim and Bad Mergentheim suggested in 1951 the formation of a special purpose association for water supply ("Nordostring") via the state water supply . The city of Öhringen joined this association, the plans for a reservoir were therefore obsolete. The relatively poor water of the four own deep wells was to be mixed with the water of the state water supply and fed into the water network via the water towers north and south. Since the water was immiscible due to the great difference in quality, the north of Öhringen was supplied with its own water, while the south was supplied with water from the northeast ring. In 1970, water from Lake Constance was fed into the pipelines of the northeast ring , and the difference in quality became even greater. In 1994 the city built a new waterworks on the Golberg, in which its own water is treated and mixed with the water from the long-distance water supply.

The city of Öhringen operates two sewage treatment plants in Unterohrn and Ohrnberg for disposal . The waste water from Michelbach is disposed of in the Pfedelbach municipal sewage treatment plant in Oberohrn.

Established businesses

The Huber Packaging Group is the largest German manufacturer of packaging made of tinplate . The company was founded in 1871 by Karl Huber (1845–1920). Today the company employs more than 1,300 people (including over 700 in the factories in Öhringen) who generate sales of around 180 million euros (as of 2006).

The Mahle GmbH is one of the world's leading automotive suppliers. The Öhringen plant was established in 1962 as the plant of the Stuttgart company Purolator Filter GmbH, which in turn was a subsidiary of the American filter manufacturer Purolator Products Inc. In 1974 the Purolator company became part of Mahle GmbH. This led the Öhringen plant under the name Knecht Filterwerke, which was also taken over by Mahle GmbH. In 1979 more than 600 people were employed in the Öhringen plant. In 1999 the Knecht division was renamed Mahle Filtersysteme GmbH, and the Öhringen plant was also run under this name. Industrial filters were developed and manufactured in Öhringen. In addition to production, research and development as well as global sales of industrial filters were located in Öhringen. Around 800 employees worked at the Öhringen plant until 2016. At the end of 2016, Mahle sold the industrial filter division with around 900 employees, including 410 in Öhringen, to the US company Filtration Group . In the area of ​​air management systems for internal combustion engines that remained with Mahle, Mahle in Öhringen cut around 150 jobs by 2019. In June 2019, Mahle announced that it would close its Öhringen location, which had 240 employees at that time, by the end of 2020.

Jakob Kottman founded the Hohenloher school bench factory in 1879, which today produces school and laboratory equipment under the name Hohenloher Spezialmöbelwerk Schaffitzel. The company, based in Öhringen, employs more than 400 people worldwide.

Until the end of June 2015, the former Raiffeisen cooperative Naturella AG, from 1983 as a subsidiary of the Richard Hartinger beverage group (riha), produced fruit juices and beverages under the naturella and Fruchtquell brands in Öhringen , most recently around 200 million bottles and beverage cartons in the Year. In 2015, riha closed the Öhringen plant and relocated production to a newly purchased plant in Waibstadt , where, unlike in Öhringen, there were expansion options. The naturella brand was retained.

Lederer is a manufacturer of liquid silicone / thermoplastic composites for the automotive, electrical and food industries as well as medical and sanitary technology. Lederer employs around 160 people in Öhringen and is part of the Freudenberg Group .

The Öhringen plant of the Alfred Heyd company in Bietigheim produces angle and fork joints as well as cardan shafts for mechanical engineering and drive technology with 100 employees . The freight division of the logistics company DHL , DHL Freight , employs around 150 people in its Öhringen branch, who handle around 500 tons of freight daily (as of 2004).

Wolverine Advanced Materials employs 125 people in Öhringen who develop and produce special materials for the automotive industry.

The Hohenlohe-Oehringen group of companies includes the Fürst Hohenlohe Oehringen winery in Verrenberg, Neuenstein Castle , the princely forest administration in Öhringen and Saxony-Anhalt, the Platzhof farm and an agricultural business in Mecklenburg. This group of companies also includes: Hohenloher Kunststofftechnik GmbH & Co. KG, a manufacturer of high-precision plastic injection-molded parts and bobbins , which employs 55 people in Öhringen, and Hohenloher Formstruktur GmbH & Co. KG, a manufacturer of foto based in Pfedelbach -chemical structure and type etchings.

Öhringen is the seat of the Volksbank Hohenlohe , the Sparkasse Hohenlohekreis has a main office in Öhringen. Other national banks also have branches in Öhringen.

In 1901 Wilhelm Hütter took over a carriage from the Bühr'schen Kutscherei in Öhringen. The first noteworthy mention was the takeover of the bus route from Öhringen - Kirchensall - Wohlmuthausen and back in 1933. Over the years, the transport and travel business was continuously developed until 1960, the forwarding activity was outsourced. Until 1990, the company was located in Schillerstraße in the heart of Öhringen. In 1990 the Hütter forwarding company moved to Zeilbaumweg. Hütter Reisen continues to operate bus routes in the Hohenlohe district and a travel agency.

The Dachser forwarding company built a large logistics center on Westallee around 2010.

Agriculture and viticulture

In 2007 there were 146 farms in Öhringen (1979: 306), these cultivated an agricultural area of ​​4637 ha (1971: 4210 ha). In 2007, there were 66 full-time farms and 67 part-time farms.

The districts of Michelbach and Verrenberg are wine-growing areas whose locations belong to the large Lindelberg location in the Württemberg lowlands . The vineyards in the urban area cover around 121 hectares, of which around two thirds are red grape varieties (as of 2005).

Culture and sights

Museums

The municipal Weygang Museum in Karlsvorstadt houses numerous exhibits on the history of the city and Hohenlohe's folk culture. An extensive pewter and faience collection from the estate of the namesake August Weygang includes originals and replicas from the 16th to the 20th centuries. The oldest still producing pewter foundry in Germany is located in a museum extension. Original finds and replicas from the Roman town of Öhringen are on display in the Roman cellar of the museum. A former locksmith's shop and later a grinding shop and cutlery has been preserved in the Museum Werkstatt Pflaumer . The interior of the workshop, which has existed since 1882, has remained almost unchanged for generations. In Blasturm the Collegiate Church is located Tower Museum , which operates the home club. In the museum, the home and workplace of the tower keeper and the previous use of the tower are shown.

The private marine museum in the Cappel district shows an overview of mussel and snail species from all the world's oceans with around 1,800 specimens from the Kreipl collection, which comprises around 12,000 pieces. The entrepreneur Paul Heyd has been running the Auto and Motor Museum in Öhringen since 1980 . It shows vehicle production in the sports and touring car sector from 1948 to 1960 as well as motorcycles from the 1960s and 1970s. A glass museum for glass art from the period 1950 to 2000 is affiliated.

music

There is a diverse musical life in Öhringen. In addition to the various church music and school choirs and ensembles, there is the Öhringen city band, a symphonic wind orchestra with young orchestras , the TSG Öhringen music train, the Öhringen Chamber Orchestra Orchestra and various choirs. The youth music school is an institution of the city of Öhringen. There are numerous ensembles in the field of rock, pop and jazz.

Buildings

Castle and market square

Castle with gable of the Marstallbau, followed on the right by Remisenbau and Prinzenbau (light building)

The medieval market square is the heart of the city. There is the former Hohenlohe castle Öhringen , together with the collegiate church the landmark of the city. The renaissance castle was the residence of the Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe.

It was built on a site south of the collegiate church. There stood the Kurienhaus and the schoolhouse, which had to give way to the new building. The oldest part, the long building , was built as the widow's seat of Countess Magdalena von Hohenlohe (* 1547; † 1633, sister of Wilhelm von Oranien ) in the years 1611 to 1616 according to plans by the master builder and Neuenstein castle bailiff Georg Kern from Forchtenberg .

The widow of Count Wolfgang von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein lived in the castle until 1633. After that it was largely empty until it fell to Count Johann Friedrich I von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen in 1677 after an inheritance was divided. In order to be able to use the castle as a residence , he had the stables added . The volute gables were broken off and attached to the newly erected stables. Johann Friedrich II., Who was raised to the rank of prince in 1764, extended the palace to include courtyard-side corridors in 1714/15. The whole building was given instead of pitched roof , a mansard roof , the Renaissance gables were preserved. On the ground floor, these were designed as arcades with flat arches. In the years 1770 to 1775 the castle was expanded to include a coach house , which was attached to the stables and appeared as a community center on the market square.

Prince August zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen added the Prinzenbau to the Remisenbau in 1812/13 . It served as an apartment for the Hereditary Prince and outwardly had the shape of a classicist town house. Between 1845 and 1847 the state rooms Blue Hall, Dining Hall and White Hall were renovated. The style of the Blue Hall is a mixture of Italian Renaissance and early Baroque, the name is attributed to the blue color used.

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  Castle courtyard: Marstall building (left), Langer Bau (right)

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  Market square view

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  Market square and collegiate church

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  Court theater in the court garden (view from the castle courtyard)

Already with the long building a church corridor was built around 1616 , a bridge from the castle to the collegiate church. This church going was changed in 1817/18 and broken off with the renovation of the collegiate church in 1888/89. Traces of this can still be seen on the castle and the church.

The princely family moved from Öhringen to Slawentzitz in Upper Silesia in 1848/49 . After the loss of the Upper Silesian possessions, August zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen returned with his family to the Öhringen Castle in 1945, the south wing of which he lived in until his death in 1962. Various tenants were housed in the other parts of the castle. In 1961 the city bought the castle with the courtyard garden from the Hohenlohe family for 1.5 million marks and renovated it from 1976 to 1987. The castle was converted into the town hall .

The 120 meter long vaulted cellar of the castle was still used as a cellar by the princely Verrenberg winery after the castle was sold. Around 500,000 liters of wine were stored in the cellar. Since 2009, the Princely Winery has been expanding its wines exclusively at the new location in the Verrenberg suburb of Öhringen.

Collegiate church with blow tower and bell tower

Collegiate Church of Peter and Paul

→ Main article: Stiftskirche Öhringen

The Protestant collegiate church Peter and Paul is a late Gothic, three-aisled hall church . It was built from 1454 to 1497. The artistically carved wooden altar dates from 1498. In the crypt is the sarcophagus of the Empress mother Adelheid , who founded the Canons' Monastery in Öhringen in 1037 . The crypt is also the burial place of the Hohenlohe family .

Other Protestant churches are the St. Anna and Elisabeth Hospital Church (consecrated in 1376) and the St. Anna cemetery church (built in 1520). The Catholic Church of St. Joseph was only built in 1960/61.

In the old town at the city moat, on the left the goose tower

Old town

The Öhringen Hospital, founded in 1353, was relocated to the gates of the old town on the other side of the Ohrn as early as 1376. When it was inaugurated in 1376, the hospital consisted of the single-nave hospital church, the choir of which has still been preserved, the adjoining beneficiary and administration house, the bakery and butcher's house and separate stable and barn buildings. With the exception of the church, all buildings were grouped around a large courtyard. Together with this facility, the old town was built, which was walled around 1380 in the form of a displaced square. The uniform plot size of 16 × 32 meters resulted in a closed street scene. The old town was connected to the old town of Öhringen by a wooden bridge at the bridge mill, which was replaced by a stone bridge in the 16th century. This approximately 25 meter long bridge spans the Ohrn in two flat arches (today's Sattelmayer Bridge ). Since the relocation of the Ohrn in 1955/56, a footpath has led in the former stream bed under the bridge. The following towers are located on the old town wall:

• Hospital archive tower

  With a square floor plan, third floor with plastered timber framework, mansard tent roof, on the inside walled-up round arched passage with humpback blocks

• Goose Storm

  with a round floor plan, timber-framed half-timbered floor with a tent roof

• Stork's Nest Tower

  With a rectangular floor plan, corner wall tower with key notches

• Malefice Tower

  with a round floor plan, 1.10 meter thick walls, to atone for maleficent crimes

• Kessler and Göckelsturm

  with angular floor plan, foundation walls restored

Old Town Hall

Old Town Hall

The old town hall was built in 1504 on the site of the burnt down old town hall. Until 1979 it served as the seat of the council and administration. The house with its half-timbered gable facade and bell tower (supplemented in 1570, with a bell and clock) dominates the historic townscape outside of the ruling district on the market square. The large Gothic portals led into a large department store on the ground floor of the town hall. In the beginning there was a dance floor on the first floor. The council hall with Renaissance furnishings was built around 1603. At one corner of the town hall there is an outdoor sculpture of Count Kraft VI. from 1549. Next to the town hall there is a fountain with a Justitia statue. It is an indication that the court once met in the old town hall. In the 1990s the building was completely renovated, and in 1994 the city ​​library was able to move into the old town hall.

Predicature house

Predicature house

The new predicature house in Poststrasse was built in 1735 according to plans by the Öhringen master builder Georg Peter Schillinger . The three-story building served as a rectory. The coat of arms of the monastery with the two crossed keys is attached as a round shield above the portal. In 1810, the building fell to the Kingdom of Württemberg as part of the "incamerated monastery property". The building was renovated in 1875 and added to the national register of architectural monuments in 1926. It was renovated again in 1954 and 1989. The predicature house has been owned by the Protestant parish since the 1970s. After the Diaconal District Office was first housed in it, today the church maintenance and a church administration office as well as a world shop are located in the house.

Karlsvorstadt

The Karlsvorstadt was created from 1780 to 1806 in front of the eastern city gate on the old country road to Neuenstein according to plans by the Glenck brothers. It comprised twenty-three buildings (including the new gate), which were coordinated in their design. Especially exposed- stone houses with mansard hipped shaped the Karlsvorstadt. The three floors of the houses were separated by cornices. The gardens were separated from the street with walls, and the entrances were bordered with pillars studded with spheres. In the second half of the 20th century, the image of the Karlsvorstadt was greatly changed by the reconstruction of the Lion Crossing and the partial relocation of the main street out of the Karlsvorstadt as well as the demolition of a building.

Upper gate

The Upper Gate was built together with the Karlsvorstadt, also according to plans by the Glenck brothers, and completed in 1792. It served as a replacement for the broken city gate at this point. The Obertorturm from the Hohenstaufen era , which was also demolished, stood at this point . The panels on the east side of the gate, built in the classicist style, show the coat of arms of the Hohenlohe-Neuenstein line. The iron gate wings were removed in 1835. Openings were made for pedestrians on both sides of the gate in 1955, and the entire gate was renovated in 1991. The Upper Gate was remotely modeled on the Brandenburg Gate built at the same time in Berlin. The Poststrasse, which ends at the Upper Gate, was once the main connection through the city between the (broken) Lower Gate and the Upper Gate.

Hofjägerhaus

Hofjägerhaus

The half-timbered building was built in 1578. The building stands on a high sandstone basement. For a time it was the residence and official residence of the royal court hunter. The Hofjägerhaus was renovated in 1985/86; The district building cooperative is located in it.

Yellow Schlössle

The entrance to the Gelben Schlössle says it was built in 1580. The castle-like building in today's Bismarckstraße was probably built by the state rulers for servants. In a city map from 1819 it is referred to as the royal palace . The “former princely chamber building, behind the post office, not far from the city wall, with a wooden stable built against the city wall, a fenced-in herb garden and a stable for four horses on the ground floor” was sold by the state to a private individual in 1823. Before the First World War, a wine merchant bought the building "because of the large cellar". In the 1920s, the half-timbered structure was exposed during a renovation, and the Yellow Schlössle was given its current appearance. The building was renovated again in 1993.

Churches in the districts

There are the following churches in the districts: Baumerlenbach (Protestant church, built 1737), Untersöllbach (Salvatorkapelle, built 1711/13, with Gothic remains), Michelbach am Wald (Protestant church from 1611; expanded in 1752 and 1785), Möglingen (old church with nave built in 1759) and Ohrnberg (Protestant church with Romanesque-Gothic remains, the nave was rebuilt in 1601/02).

Mills in Öhringen

At the Ohrn there were numerous mills in the urban area, including the oil mill in Cappel (broken down), in Öhringen the Pfaffenmühle (broken off), the fulling mill (broken off), the bridge mill, the host mill and the willow mill. Another mill was in Möhrig.

Courtyard garden

Bürgerhaus in the Hofgarten (former court theater)

The Hofgarten is a historical landscape garden that originally belonged to Öhringen Castle. It is connected to the castle courtyard via a large flight of stairs. The six hectare site between the city wall and today's bed of the Ohrn was acquired from 1713 by Count Johann Friedrich II von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and laid out as a park in the French style. In 1743 Johann Friedrich II bought an area south of the existing park for expansion. In the same year, a hall was built according to plans by the master carpenter Georg Peter Schillinger, which was flanked by two greenhouses. In 1787 a theater hall was set up in the hall building (court theater) .

Around 1800 the courtyard garden was redesigned in the style of an English garden . In 1807 the north-western part, the Bürgerfreude , was acquired and laid out in honor of the Prussian general Prince Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen , Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen. Prince August zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen donated an obelisk in 1815 with the inscription The good citizens of the city of Öhringen. 1807–1815 , which is still not far from the Sattelmayer Bridge today. The Great Lake was built in the Hofgarten around 1840. Court garden concerts, as they are still held today by the city's music associations, have been held since 1896.

During the ear correction in 1955/56, the bed of the Ohrn was moved from the city wall to the courtyard garden and around the old town ( see also: Ohrn ). With the sale of the castle to the city of Öhringen, the courtyard garden became the property of the city. The court theater was completely renovated in 1966 and classrooms were installed in it. A large children's playground was laid out in 1967, and an animal enclosure was set up in 1971. The large wooden staircase over the former city moat was first built in 1781 and was renewed in 1812. In 1968 it was replaced by a concrete-steel construction, which was renewed again before the State Garden Show in 2016. In 1974 a music stage for the court garden concerts was designed in front of the court theater.

societies

The local group Öhringen of the Swabian Alb Association was awarded the Eichendorff plaque in 2006.

Sports and sports facilities

Old gym

The first gymnasium was the old gymnasium on the Allmand, which still exists today and was built by the men's gymnastics club , the city of Öhringen and the Kingdom of Württemberg and completed in 1889. Until 1961 it was the sole hall, was used for club and school sports and was also used for cultural and social events. In 1961 the city built the Karl-Huber-Halle with stadium together with the gymnastics and sports community (TSG) Öhringen . The possibilities available were not sufficient, especially for school sports, so that the Hohenlohe Hall was inaugurated in 1980 . The district built a one-piece sports hall (Am Ochsensee) in Öhringen for school sports in the district schools. Together with the district, the city of Öhringen built the Römerbad-Halle in the early 1990s , which is available for school and club sports.

A first outdoor swimming pool was provisionally built in 1942 on the Ohrn. In 1951 the new outdoor pool was inaugurated, which still exists today in the same place. Over the years it has been expanded and rebuilt again and again. With part of the proceeds from the sale of EnBW shares, the city was able to extensively renovate and convert the outdoor swimming pool in 2004/05 for 4.8 million euros. Since it opened in May 2005, the heated outdoor pool called H ₂ Ö has a 25-meter-long swimming pool, several play areas, diving platforms and a 120-meter-long slide.

In 1977 the indoor pool was inaugurated next to the outdoor pool. It could be financed in part through a compensation payment from the state of Baden-Württemberg, since Öhringen had lost its seat in the course of the district reform of 1973 .

The largest sports club in Öhringen and in the Hohenlohe district is the Turn- und Sportgemeinde (TSG) Öhringen with around 3,500 members. The men's gymnastics club was founded in 1848, and the Hohenlohesportverein in 1907. The two clubs merged in 1934 to form the gymnastics and sports community in Öhringen.

At the 2006 World Cup in Germany, Öhringen was the official FIFA World Cup 2006 district together with Friedrichsruhe (municipality of Zweiflingen) , and the Australian national team trained on the Öhringen sports facilities.

Regular events

A horse market in Öhringen is first mentioned in 1582. Since 1823, the Öhringen horse market has been held on the third Monday in February with a breeding horse award and a grocer's market in the city center. The events for the horse market start the day before with a Sunday shopping and a sales exhibition of agricultural machinery and equipment.

The Öhringer Week at the end of April and beginning of May is an event of the trade and industry association with fashion shows, children's afternoons and open-air concerts. The Öhringer week usually ends with a May-Hocketse on April 30th. On May 1st, the Customs event will take place under the guild tree, followed by a concert by the town band .

The Hohenloher Weindorf , which has been held on the first weekend in July since 1996, is an event of the city of Öhringen and the Weindorf Interest Group and lasts from Thursday to Monday.

On the last weekend in August there is a wine festival in the Verrenberg district . Another wine festival will take place in the Michelbach district on the third weekend in September.

In Advent, the city turns into a fairytale Öhringen . Numerous motifs from fairy tales are built up in the city center, and the corresponding fairy tales can be heard at the individual stations. At the same time, the Öhringen Christmas market takes place on the first three or four weekends in Advent , organized by the trade and industry association in cooperation with the city of Öhringen.

State Garden Show 2016

From April 22 to October 9, 2016, the State Garden Show of Baden-Württemberg took place in Öhringen with more than 4,000 events and around 1.3 million visitors.

Personalities

→ Main article : List of personalities from the city of Öhringen

literature

• Wilhelm Mattes (Ed.): Öhringer Heimatbuch. Hohenlohe'sche Buchhandlung Rau, Öhringen 1929 (reprint. Ibid 1987, ISBN 3-87351-010-3 ).
• Öhringen. City and monastery (= research from Württembergisch-Franken. Vol. 31). Published by the city of Öhringen. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-7631-2 .
• Jürgen Hermann Rauser: Öhringer book. In: Jürgen Hermann Rauser: Ohrntaler Heimatbuch ( Heimatbücherei Hohenlohekreis. Vol. 11/12, ZDB -ID 2295393-0 ). Jahrbuch-Verlag, Weinsberg 1982.
• The Hohenlohekreis (= Baden-Württemberg - the state in its districts. ). 2 volumes. Published by the Baden-Württemberg State Archive in conjunction with the Hohenlohe District. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-7995-1367-1 .

Web links

Commons : Öhringen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Öhringen  - travel guide

Wikisource: Öhringen in the Topographia Franconiae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Wikisource: Oehringen  - in the description of the Oberamt Oehringen

 Wikinews: Öhringen  - in the news

• City of Öhringen
• From the story of Verrenberg
• Information on the Büttelbronn district
• [1]

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Bettina Henke: Öhringer want to know exactly . In: Hohenloher Zeitung . June 4, 2009 ( from Stimme.de [accessed June 6, 2009]).
3. ^ Hohenlohekreis: Öhringen: Large district town in the north of Baden-Württemberg. Middle center. Online at www.hohenlohekreis.de, accessed on October 26, 2014
4. ↑ Martin Doll: The landscape around Öhringen. In: Öhringen. City and monastery (see literature)
5. ↑ Brief description on an online page of the State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg (LfU) from 2001 ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Localization possible on the LUBW map server ( Memento from December 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ Öhringer Heimatbuch (1929), p. 345 ff.
8. ↑ Ekkehard Hein: A geographical overview . In: Otto Bauschert: Hohenlohe . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1993. p. 86ff.
9. ^ ^{A b} Otto F. Geyer, Manfred P. Gwinner: Geology of Baden-Württemberg. Schweitzerbart, Stuttgart 1991.
10. ↑ Hans Hagdorn and Theo Simon: Geology and Landscape of the Hohenloher Land . Sigmaringen 1985.
11. ^ Christoph Borcherdt: Federal Republic of Germany. Scientific regional customers Volume 8. V. Baden-Württemberg . Darmstadt 1991
12. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Map of the locations of the German Weather Service (PDF; 189 kB)
13. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen with information on the administrative community ( Memento of February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 24, 2008).
14. ^ Regional plan Heilbronn-Franken 2020 . Regionalverband Heilbronn-Franken, Heilbronn 2006. pp. 29–40.
15. ↑ Population figures as of June 30, 2005
16. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen, Cappel district ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
17. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen, Michelbach district ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
18. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen, Möglingen district ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
19. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen, Ohrnberg district ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
20. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen, Schwöllbronn district ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
21. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen, Verrenberg district ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
22. ↑ State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Öhringen.
23. ^ Christoph Unz: Prehistory of the Öhringen region. In: Öhringen. City and pen. (see literature)
24. ↑ Hans Schönberger : The Roman fort Öhringen-West (Bürgkastell) . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 53, 1972/1973, pp. 233–296; here: p. 291.
25. ↑ Claus-Michael Hüssen: The Roman settlement in the area around Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8062-1493-X , p. 145.
26. ^ Bernhard Albert Greiner: The contribution of the dendrodata from Rainau book to the Limesdatierung. In: Limes XX. Estudios sobre la frontera Romana. Ediciones Polifemo, Madrid 2009, ISBN 978-84-96813-25-0 , p. 1289.
27. ↑ Bernd Becker: Felling dates of Roman construction timbers based on a 2350 year old South German oak tree ring chronology . In find reports from Baden Württemberg . Volume 6, Theiss, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-1252-X , p. 386.
28. ^ Dieter Planck, Willi Beck: The Limes in Southwest Germany . 2nd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0496-9 , p. 82 u. Fig. 84.
29. ↑ Horst Geiger: attempted reconstruction of the Roman aqueduct of Öhringen with inscriptions . In: Gilbert Wiplinger (Ed.): Cura Aquarum in Ephesus Congress Report, Ephesus 2006. Babesch Supplementa 12, pp. 287–293; here: p. 287.
30. ↑ Marcus Reuter: Studies on the "numeri" of the Roman army in the middle imperial period. In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 80, 1999, von Zabern, Mainz 2001, ISBN 3-8053-2631-9 , pp. 357-569; here p. 443, (at the same time: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 1996).
31. ↑ Helmut Stoll: The Roman Öhringen. In: Öhringen. City and pen. (see literature).
32. ^ Gerhard Taddey: Foundation letter and Öhringer Weistum . In: Öhringen. City and pen. (see literature).
33. ^ Gerhard Taddey: Öhringen in the peasant war . In: Öhringen. City and pen. (see literature).
34. ^ ^{A b} Reinhard Teske: Hohenlohe cultural landscape. Reflections on the fine arts . In: Otto Bauschert: Hohenlohe . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1993, p. 236ff.
35. ↑ Hartmut Weber: Württemberg Oberamtstadt . In: Öhringen. City and pen. (see literature)
36. ↑ Working group for research into the history of the Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas: The Synagogue in Öhringen (accessed on March 19, 2008)
37. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Volume I, Bonn 1995, p. 67, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
38. ↑ ^{a b} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 455 .
39. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 467 .
40. ^ Website of the New Apostolic Church (accessed March 19, 2008)
41. ^ Öhringen - statistical data. oehringen.de, March 5, 2010, archived from the original on May 22, 2011 ; Retrieved December 30, 2010 . 
42. ↑ SWR Nachrichten: Michler replaces Kübler as Lord Mayor (seen on June 13, 2009)
43. ↑ oehringen.de - Mayor election 2017. Accessed on April 20, 2018 . 
44. ↑ Thilo Michler becomes the new Lord Mayor , accessed on October 31, 2009
45. ↑ These are the local election results from the region . Heilbronn voice . May 28, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
46. ↑ Heinz Bardua: The district and community coats of arms in the Stuttgart administrative region . Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0801-8 (district and municipality coat of arms in Baden-Württemberg, 1). P. 111
47. ↑ City friendship is the weaker form of city partnership and is usually limited in time or it only relates to certain projects in a relationship
48. ↑ hk: Council ends partnership with Wickersley . In: Heilbronn Voice (WT edition) . June 26, 2009, p. 29 .
49. ↑ ^{a b} Structural and regional database of the Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office (accessed on October 10, 2008)
50. ↑ Announcement of public resolutions. (PDF; 59 KiB) April 9, 2014, accessed on July 2, 2016 : “The plans for the construction of the Römerwall stop are being abandoned; the administration is instructed to end the project. " 
51. ^ Website of the city of Öhringen - local council ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
52. ^ Participation report 2006 of the Hohenlohekreis ( Memento of December 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
53. ^ Website of the Öhringen volunteer fire brigade (accessed on February 21, 2015)
54. ↑ The name port market is based on a former trading center for pots, among other things, in Swabian and Franconian: port .
55. ↑ Reinhard Weber: Postwar Period and Present. Öhringen since 1945 In: Öhringen. City and pen. (see literature)
56. ↑ Website of the Öhringen fire brigade with historical information (accessed on February 21, 2015)
57. ↑ Website Mahle - Works Portrait Öhringen ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 25, 2008)
58. ↑ Mahle sells industrial filter business to US group . Stimme.de , August 8, 2016
59. ↑ Mahle completes division sale . Stimme.de , November 1, 2016
60. ↑ Jürgen Paul: Mahle closes the Öhringen location . Stimme.de , June 25, 2019
61. ↑ Manfred Stockburger: As of July, Naturella will only be a brand . WirtschaftsStimme , May 12, 2015
62. ↑ Bettina Henke: With the truck toll comes worries . In: Hohenloher Zeitung . November 26, 2004 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on February 22, 2011]).
63. ^ Bauer, Friedrich Eckhard .: Salltal-Saga / Volume 1, 1879-1948. Hamburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-7345-9706-0 .
64. ↑ A Stromer for two Öhringen city bus routes - STIMME.de. Retrieved October 4, 2018 . 
65. ↑ Data and facts on the Württemberg wine region from the Württemberg winegrowing association ( Memento from September 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
66. ^ Website of the Weygang Museum ( Memento from September 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
67. ^ ^{A b} Rudolf hose: Hohenlohe Franconia . Glock and Lutz, Nuremberg 1964.
68. ^ ^{A b} Öhringer Heimatverein: Historical city guide through Öhringen old Hohenlohe residence. Öhringen. Without a year.
69. ^ Öhringer town houses . Volume 1. Öhringen, 1996.
70. ↑ Karin Stober: Bartenstein, Ingelfingen, Öhringen: Hohenloher residences and their city facilities. In: Harald Siebenmorgen (Ed.): Hofkunst in Hohenlohe. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1996, ISBN 3-7995-7645-2 (research from Württembergisch Franken, 44).
71. ↑ Öhringen. In: The Hohenlohe district . 2006 (see literature)
72. ^ Öhringer town houses. Volume 2. Öhringen, Horb am Neckar 2000.
73. ↑ Award of the Eichendorff badge 2006 in Blätter des Schwäbischer Albverein, issue 6/2006, p. 18
74. ↑ Statute for the regulation of the market in the city of Öhringen ( Memento of February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 19, 2008)
75. ↑ Silke Amann: Final balance of the Landesgartenschau 2016. (PDF) October 6, 2016, archived from the original on December 13, 2016 ; accessed on December 13, 2016 . 

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on October 13, 2008 in this version .