TFF 1st Lig
| TFF 1st Lig | |
 |
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| Full name | Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu 1st Lig |
| Association | Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu |
| First edition | 1963 |
| hierarchy | 2nd league |
| Teams | 18th |
| master |
Çaykur Rizespor (3rd title) |
| Record champions | Samsunspor (6) |
| Current season | 2019/20 |
| Website | tff.org |
| Qualification for | Super Lig |
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↑ Super Lig (I) ↓ TFF 2nd Lig (III)
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The TFF 1. Lig (read: TFF Birinci Lig ) has been the second highest division in Turkish football since summer 2008 . The league was introduced in 1963 under the name Türkiye 2. Futbol Ligi , or 2. Lig for short , and kept this name until the summer of 2001. Between 2001 and 2008 the league was called Türkiye 2. Futbol Ligi Aategorisi , or 2. Lig Aategorisi for short . In 2008 it was renamed TFF 1. Lig after the name of the highest Turkish division from Türkiye 1. Futbol Ligi , or 1. Lig for short , was changed to its current form, in Süper Lig .
Game mode
Mode to found the league and the 2nd season (1963–1965)
The game mode of the TFF 1st Lig changed several times. It was introduced in the summer of 1963 under the name Türkiye 2. Futbol Ligi as a single-track league with 13 teams, with all teams competing twice against each other in home and away games. The champions of the league rose directly to the highest Turkish league, which was then known as the 1st Lig , while the bottom of the table was relegated to the regional amateur league. For the second season, for the 1964/65 season , the total number of teams was increased to 16 teams and the league was played without relegation. The champion rose back to the 1st Lig, today's Süper Lig and there were no relegations.
Two-lane league with subsequent final round (1965–1966)
The league system was fundamentally reformed as early as the 1965/66 season , the 3rd season of the 2nd league. Instead of being in a single-track league, in which the champions were promoted directly to the first league, the league was played in two stages. In the first stage the league was played in two groups, the red group and the white group , each with eleven teams. After the end of the first stage, the first four teams from both groups were included in one group, the final round. As part of the 2nd stage, the first two teams rose from the final round to the 1st league . The bottom two of the group red and the group white decided as the last component of the 2nd leg in the two-legged leg, the only relegated in the league to the Türkiye 3. Futbol Ligi announced for the coming season .
Two-lane league with two promoters (1966–1978)
As early as the summer of 1966, the game mode was changed again. The league was henceforth two-pronged, with both table leaders as second division champions rose directly to the 1st league. The bottom of the table in both groups were relegated to the newly founded third-highest Turkish league, the 3rd Lig . The total number of teams was increased from 22 to 33, while the groups continued to be called the Red Group and the White Group . The two-lane layout of the league in which there were two promoted players remained in place until the summer of 1978. Only the number of teams varied over the playing times and thus also the number of relegated teams in the 3rd league.
Two-lane league with three promoted players (1978–1980)
With the season 1978/79 the previous game mode was changed slightly. The league remained a two-lane league. Only in addition to the two group leaders who rose directly to the 1st Lig, another promoted team was introduced. This third promoted team was determined by the two runners-up in a play-off encounter held on neutral ground. While the 1978/79 season was still played with relegation, there was no relegation in the 1979/80 season . The reason for the league without relegation was that it was decided in the summer of 1980 to abolish the third highest division, the 3rd Lig , in Turkish professional football .
Three-lane league with three promoted players (1980–1981)
Before the 1980/81 season , the third division, the 3rd league , was abolished in Turkish professional football and the teams in the 3rd league were transferred to the one higher division, the 2nd league. Due to the increased number of teams, the league was not played in two groups in contrast to the previous season, but was expanded into a three-track league with twice 18 teams (groups A and B) and once 16 teams (group C). A total of 52 teams in three groups played for promotion to the Süper Lig . The top of the table in all three groups go straight to the higher Süper Lig. The season was played without relegation.
Four-lane league with four promoted players (1981-1983)
In the 1981/82 season , the 2nd Lig was not played in three groups, in contrast to the previous season, but was transferred to a four-track league with 15 teams each. A total of 60 teams played in four groups for promotion to the 1st league or against relegation to the then subordinate regional amateur leagues. The top of the table of all four groups go straight to the higher Süper Lig . The teams in the last place in the table of all groups were relegated to the regional amateur leagues. This mode was essentially retained in the 1982/83 season. Before the start of the season, the Turkish Football Association decided that the second-highest division, which had been played on four tracks since last season, should be reduced back to a three-track league. To achieve this, it was determined that the last five places in the table of all groups should be relegated to the subordinate third-rate regional amateur leagues.
Three-lane league with three promoted players (1983-1992)
As of the summer, the league was transferred from a four-track league back to a three-track league. The top of the table of all three groups rise directly to the higher 1st Lig , while the last two of all groups in the third highest division, which was reintroduced in the summer of 1983 , relegated to the 3rd Lig .
The three-lane layout of the league in which there were three promoted players remained in place until the summer of 1992. Only the number of teams varied over the playing times and thus also the number of relegated teams in the 3rd league.
Five-lane league with subsequent promotion and relegation round (1992-1993)
In the 1992/93 season , the second highest division was fundamentally reformed. Instead of the masters being promoted directly to the first league in a three-pronged league as before, this season the league was played in two stages. In the 1st stage, the league was played in a qualifying round (Turkish Kademe Grupları ) in five groups with eleven or ten teams each with home and away games. After the end of the 1st stage, the first two teams from all groups were included in a common group, the promotion round (Turkish Yükselme Grubu ), and played here for promotion to the 1st Lig . The remaining teams in the five groups of the qualifying round played in an unchanged group constellation now in a relegation round (Turkish Düşme Grupları ) for relegation to the 3rd Lig . Both the promotion round and the relegation round represented the 2nd stage and were played with a round trip. The teams in the first three places of the promotion round rose directly to the 1st Lig and the last two or three teams of all groups of the relegation round relegated to the 3rd Lig. While the points from the qualifying round were not taken into the promotion round, they were counted unchanged in the relegation round.
Five-track league with subsequent promotion, relegation and play-off rounds (1993-2001)
In the 1993/94 season , the second-highest division was played in two stages, as in the previous season. In the 1st stage, the league was played in a qualifying round in five groups of ten teams each with home and away games. After the end of the 1st stage, the first two teams from all groups were included in a joint group, the promotion round, and played here for promotion to the 1st league . The remaining teams in the five groups of the qualifying round played in an unchanged group constellation now in a relegation round for relegation to the 3rd Lig . Both the promotion round and the relegation round represented the 2nd stage and were played with two legs. The teams in the first three places in the promotion round rose directly to the 1st Lig and the last two teams in all groups in the relegation round relegated to the 3rd Lig. While the points from the qualifying round were not taken into the promotion round, they were counted unchanged in the relegation round. In the preseason there was a trend that the relegation round quickly lost its attractiveness for viewers and the media. Many teams secured themselves relegation very early and then played aimlessly in front of empty stands. In addition, several players were given up because they wanted to save unnecessary costs. In order to increase the attractiveness of the league, it was decided to introduce a third stage in the form of a play-off round in addition to the existing constellation . The teams ranked four to six of the promotion round and all group winners the descent groups should in the knockout system play out the remaining climbers. In the summer of 1994, the number of teams in the 1st league should be increased from 16 to 18. To ensure this, there should be five promoters instead of the three relegated members. The two additional climbers were played off in the 1993/94 season via the play-offs. The play-offs were played at the end of the group stage in a city that was neutral for all teams.
In the 1994/95 season , the existing game mode was only slightly modified. The number of promoters was reduced from five to three. Two promoted players formed the first two places in the promotion round, the last promoted team was determined via the play-off round. This game mode was retained until the summer of 2001.
Single-track league (2001-2005)
With the 2001/02 season , the TFF 1st Lig was transferred to a single-track league with 20 teams, with all teams competing against each other twice in home and away games. The teams in the first three places in the table rose directly to the top Turkish league, the Süper Lig . The teams that finished 16th to 20th at the end of the season were relegated to the third highest division, the TFF 2nd Lig . This game mode was essentially retained in the 2002/03 , 2003/04 and 2004/05 seasons . Only the total number of teams was reduced from 20 teams to 18 after the 2001/02 season and the relegated teams were limited to the teams in positions 16 to 18 as a result.
Single-track league with an additional play-off (since 2005)
In order to increase the attractiveness and excitement of the league, the Turkish Football Association changed the game mode slightly in the 2005/06 season . Instead of allowing the top three in the table to be promoted directly to the Süper Lig as before , the direct promotion places were limited to 1st and 2nd place in the table. The last climber was determined indirectly via the play-offs , which were played in a knockout system following the regular season. For the play-offs, those teams that had finished the regular season in the table positions 3 to 6 qualified. In the first season in which the play-off system was introduced, the 2005/06 season , all play-off matches were played in a location that was neutral for all teams involved. All play-off levels were played in a single match. This mode was retained until the 2009/10 season . With the 2009/10 season, the previous play-off round was transferred to a promotion round. In this promotion round those teams that had finished the regular season in the table positions 3 to 6, the third and last promoted indirectly in a single-track league system. The promotion round was held in a neutral location for all teams involved, with all teams having to compete against each other once. The table top of the promotion round then rose to the Süper Lig. This game mode was already transferred to the previous one for the next season, the 2010/11 season . The last climber was determined again in a play-off round. In contrast to the previous play-off system, each play-off stage was played in a home and away game using the away goals rule . The play-off final was played in a neutral place for all teams involved and consisted of a single match.
history
The league was founded in 2001 as Turkish Second League Category A with 20 teams. It was repositioned as the second division and separated from the old second division ( Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu 2nd Lig ). Since 2002 only 18 teams have competed against each other. 2006/07 was the league Turk Telekom Lig A .
From the second half of the 2007/08 season onwards, the 2nd Turkish league was called Bank Asya 1st Lig after the main sponsor of the league . Bank Asya is a Turkish credit institution . After the 28th matchday of the 2011/12 season, the Turkish Football Association announced that the sponsor Bank Asya had withdrawn from the sponsorship contract. As a result, the league was renamed TFF 1st Lig until further notice . About two weeks after this decision, the owner of the TV rights of the league persuaded the state-owned TRT , Bank Asya to continue to act as name sponsor for the remaining four game days and for the subsequent five relegation games. Thus, the league received the name Bank Asya 1. Lig again until the end of the 2011/12 season .
The contracts for the naming rights expired at the end of the 2011/12 season and were not extended with Bank Asya . Instead, it was announced that the Turkish Post Office ( PTT ) has secured the naming rights for the two upcoming seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14. So the league will be called PTT 1st Lig for the next two seasons .
Seasonal balance sheets
Promoted and relegated TFF 1st Lig
The Turkish second division champions
The first place in the TFF 1. Lig is called the Turkish second division champion. In phases, the TFF 1st Lig was executed in several stages, so that in these seasons several teams shared the title of second division champions.
In some of these multi-lane seasons, a championship encounter or a championship meeting was held among the first-placed after the regular season. Championship round played, but this had more of the character of a qualifying round for a tournament. For example, this championship encounter was played in the 1970s to qualify for the Cup of the Ministry of Youth and Sports . In the 1980s and 1990s it was played to qualify for the Balkan Cup . The Turkish Football Association leads all first-placed champions as second division champions.
| rank | society | Second division championships |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Samsunspor | 6th |
| 2 | Mersin İdman Yurdu | 5 |
| 3 | Karşıyaka SK | 4th |
| Kayserispor | 4th | |
| 4th | Adana Demirspor | 3 |
| Adanaspor | 3 | |
| Altay Izmir | 3 | |
| Çaykur Rizespor | 3 | |
| Diyarbakırspor | 3 | |
| Goztepe Izmir | 3 | |
| Kocaelispor | 3 | |
| Sakaryaspor | 3 | |
| 5 | Ankara Şekerspor | 2 |
| Antalyaspor | 2 | |
| Boluspor | 2 | |
| Bursaspor | 2 | |
| Denizlispor | 2 | |
| Eskişehirspor | 2 | |
| Gaziantepspor | 2 | |
| Gençlerbirliği Ankara | 2 | |
| Kardemir Karabükspor | 2 | |
| Konyaspor | 2 | |
| MKE Ankaragücü | 2 | |
| Orduspor | 2 | |
| Sivasspor | 2 | |
| 6th | Akhisar Belediyespor | 1 |
| Altınordu Izmir | 1 | |
| Aydınspor | 1 | |
| Bakırköyspor | 1 | |
| Balıkesirspor | 1 | |
| Bursaspor II | 1 | |
| Giresunspor | 1 | |
| Erzurumspor | 1 | |
| Gençlerbirliği OFTAŞ | 1 | |
| Istanbul BB | 1 | |
| İstanbulspor | 1 | |
| İzmirspor | 1 | |
| Kahramanmaraşspor | 1 | |
| Karagümrük SK | 1 | |
| Kayseri Erciyesspor | 1 | |
| MKE Kırıkkalespor | 1 | |
| Malatyaspor | 1 | |
| Manisaspor | 1 | |
| Petrol Ofisi SK | 1 | |
| PTT SK | 1 | |
| Sarıyer SK | 1 | |
| Trabzonspor | 1 | |
| Vefa Istanbul | 1 | |
| Vanspor | 1 | |
| Yimpaş Yozgatspor | 1 | |
| Zeytinburnuspor | 1 | |
| Zonguldakspor | 1 |
See also
Web links
- Official website of the second highest division since 2001 on tff.org (Turkish)
- Official website of the second highest division from 1963 to 2001 on tff.org (Turkish)
- TFF 1st Lig - season 2016/17 on kicker.de
- TFF 1st Lig - Season 2016/17 on mackolik.com (Turkish)
Individual evidence
- ^ 1. Lig TFF Oldu in trthaber.com from April 6, 2012.
- ↑ Bank Asya'yı TRT döndürdü in sabah.com.tr of April 20, 2012.
- ↑ tff.org: “1. Lig'in yeni adı PTT 1. Lig oldu " (accessed on August 20, 2012)
- ↑ tff.org (accessed October 9, 2012).
- ↑ The list only includes the second division championships, not the titles won before the introduction of the TFF 1. Lig in 1963.
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