Normanton, West Yorkshire and .cm: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Top level domain|
{{refimprove|date=January 2008}}
name=.cm|
{{infobox UK place|
background=#CCF|
|country = England
image=|
|latitude= 53.697738
introduced=[[1995]]|
|longitude= -1.416057
type=[[Country code top-level domain]]|
|map_type= West Yorkshire
status=Active|
|official_name= Normanton
registry=[[Camtel]]|
|population = 14,958 ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]])
sponsor=[[Camtel]]|
|metropolitan_borough= [[City of Wakefield]]
intendeduse=Entities connected with [[Cameroon]]|
|metropolitan_county= [[West Yorkshire]]
actualuse=Gets some use related to Cameroon; a wildcard DNS record also catches typos with a paid search page|
|region= Yorkshire and the Humber
restrictions=Local presence required|
|constituency_westminster= [[Normanton (UK Parliament constituency)|Normanton]]
structure=Registrations are made directly at the second level (there are also third-level registrations for government sites under gov.cm)|
|post_town= NORMANTON
document=[http://info.intelcam.cm/domain.htm Registration form]|
|postcode_district = WF6
disputepolicy=|
|postcode_area= WF
website=[http://info.intelcam.cm/ Cameroon Internet registry]|}}
|dial_code= 01924
|os_grid_reference= SE385225
|london_distance=
}}


'''.cm''' is the [[country code top-level domain]] (ccTLD) for [[Cameroon]].
'''Normanton''' is a town and [[civil parish]] within the [[City of Wakefield|City of Wakefield metropolitan borough]] of [[West Yorkshire]], [[England]]. It is northeast of [[Wakefield]] and southwest of [[Castleford]], and at the time of the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]], the population of Normanton was given as 14,958.


In August 2006, it was reported that the .cm registry had set up a [[wildcard DNS record]], so that all unregistered domains in this top-level domain go to a [[Domain parking|parking page]] with paid search links. This was likely intended to take advantage of [[typosquatting|typographical error]]s by users attempting to reach [[.com]] web sites. This has been tracked down to [[Kevin Ham]].<ref name="berryhill">Berryhill, John. "[http://www.circleid.com/posts/nation_of_cameroon_typosquats_com_space/ Nation of Cameroon Typo-Squats the Entire .com Space]", ''CircleID''. [[August 5]], [[2006]]. Retrieved on [[August 16]], [[2006]].</ref>
==History==


The [[wildcard DNS record]] in fact comprises three entries<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.robert.net/ccTLD/CM | title = CM Zone File | work = Robert Baskerville's ccTLD analysis data | date = 2007-12-30 | accessdate = 2007-12-30 }}</ref>:
The [[Domesday Book]] gives information on 'Norman-tune' as:
<blockquote>
In Normantune there are 10 carucates for geld, which 5 plows can plough. 2 thegns had 2 manors there T.R.E. Now, in the King's hand there are 6 villeins there, and 3 bordars, a priest, and a church, with 3 ploughs, {{convert|3|acre|m2}} of meadow. Pasturable wood (land) 6 furlongs in length and 1 in breadth. The whole of this land lies in the soc of Wachefelt, except the Church. T.R.E. it was worth 12s: now (it is worth) 10s.
<ref>''A History of Normanton & District'', R.H. Pestell, 1973</ref></blockquote>


*.cm 900 TXT "v=spf1 -all"
Normanton was originally surrounded by a [[moat]], and in [[Normans|Norman]] times was the site of an enclosed settlement (chosen for its strategic view points across the surrounding area), and became known as 'Norman - tune', or 'Norman - ton'.
*.cm 900 TXT "v=spf2.0/pra -all"
*.cm 900 A 72.51.27.58


The first two relate to [[sender policy framework]], although the second is of questionable validity, and mark the wildcarded domains as not originating any email at all. The third causes any non-existent name under .cm to resolve to a search page.
It is clear from The Domesday Book entry and other contemporary accounts that Normantune had that name at the time of and before the Norman invasion. So, the common claim that the town got its name from the Normans is is highly unlikely. Viking settlements in the area had been, on the whole populated by the Danes. Normanton, however, was settled by Norwegian vikings and it is likely that this 'Norsemens town' got its name from this earlier settlement.
===Growth===
[[Image:Normanton old.jpg|thumb|right|200px|All Saints Parish Church rooms [[circa]]. 1880]]
[[Image:Normanton community centre today.jpg|thumb|right|200px|All Saints Parish Church rooms today]]


==References==
A [[grammar school]] was founded in Normanton by [[John Freeston]] (now the 'Parish Rooms'..later moved to the site of the ,Normanton Junior School' on Church lane) in 1592,<ref>Pastell, ''Ibid''.</ref> but the town remained very small until it became the focus of several [[railway line]]s in the mid-19th century. Construction began in 1837 under the supervision of [[George Stephenson]] and the lines were incorporated into the [[Derby]] and [[Leeds]] Railway. This was soon followed by an addition from the [[York]] and Midland Railway and then by the [[Manchester]] and Leeds lines which all extended to Normanton thereby giving the town access to much of the country. The Leeds and Manchester lines crossed a {{convert|51|mi|km|sing=on}} stretch across [[The Pennines]] and at the time boasted the world's longest railway station platform at Normanton - a quarter of a mile long. The station was, for the next ten years or so, the most important in England, employing over 700 people who looked after the station's 700,000 passengers a year.
{{reflist}}

In [[Victorian times]] Normanton station was one of the most important stations in [[northern England]] and can boast that [[Queen Victoria]] stopped over in The Station Hotel. The town also served as an important part of the transport infrastructure for national and local industries including coal and bricks, although most of this was lost during the 1950s and 1960s with the last remaining operational brickworks eventually closing in the mid-nineties. There were three brickworks in town and were all built within the small area known as Newland, taking advantage of the abundance of clay from the area. A fourth works was founded in the 1890s by a man named Thomas Kirk from [[Nottingham]] who had heard rumours that Normanton was rapidly turning into an important junction on the railways. Both Kirk and his sons used their life savings and formed the Normanton Brick Company at nearby [[Altofts]] which is still in operation today.

The coming of the railways enabled the locally-mined [[coal]] to be sent across the country. Demand soon outstripped supply and many more shafts were sunk to reach the rich coal seams under the town. In 1871 [[Dom Pedro]], the Emperor of [[Brazil]] visited Normanton with his Empress and gave his name (albeit in a slightly altered form) to the Don Pedro [[colliery]] at Hopetown. Today roads in the area of the former colliery retain the name. At their peak the Collieries employed over 10,000 men most of whom wanted to move themselves and their families to Normanton. The town enjoyed a boom period with more mines opening and more shafts being sunk in order to meet the increasing demand for coal until most coal seams in the Normanton area were worked-out by the mid 1970s.

===Decline===

The disputes surrounding the [[UK Miners' Strike (1984-1985)]] meant that many mines across the country were to close although by this stage there were no collieries still in production in Normanton. However, the strike still affected many families in the area, as Normanton colliers still worked in pits in neighbouring towns. The area once occupied by the St Johns or Newland colliery is now part of the controversial Welbeck landfill site which has been the subject of both local and national media attention since its development as a toxic tip. The site attracted so much negative attention that the group Residents Against Toxic Scheme (RATS) was established to halt planning permission for the disposal of toxic chemicals at the site claiming the scheme was an extreme health hazard.

Normanton suffered some decline in the years following the miners' strike. The railway station was in such a state of neglect and disrepair that the decision was made to demolish it completely in 1986 and the section of railway line between Goosehill Junction and Crofton Interchange were lifted the year after. Very little now remains of Normanton's once proud railway and mining heritage with the only telltale signs lying covered in the undergrowth, hidden from view.

===Modern Normanton===

Normanton is now a very different place to what it was at the turn of the last century. The once bustling collieries and intricate rail network are now long gone and leave little if any clue to their ever being there. The original station is gone, the shunting yards are now overgrown, offering few clues to their original purpose and the once lucrative brickworks, with their massive chimneys, now lay in ruins. Despite this, Normanton has become a growing and popular commuter suburb of the emerging 'Greater Leeds' area, and is now favoured for its relatively cheap housing and excellent transport links. The town is still accessible via [[Normanton railway station]] and is currently served by an unmanned island platform station with regular trains to [[Leeds]], [[Castleford]], [[Wakefield]] and [[Sheffield]] [[Meadowhall]] Interchange.

The addition and expansion of the Eurolink [[Industrial Estate]] at Junction 31 of the [[M62 motorway|M62]] helped reinforce Normanton as an ideal place for many national and multi-national corporations to locate their distribution depots due to its envious location. Being centrally located within the UK the town is served by three major motorway networks, the M62 linking Manchester to [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] (west to east), the [[M1 motorway|M1]] linking Leeds to [[London]] (North to South), and the North of England via a new link between the M62 and the A1(M) at nearby [[Ferrybridge]].

==Places of interest==
===Normanton church===
[[Image:Normanton Church.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Normanton All Saints Church]]

{{main|All Saints Church, Normanton}}
All Saints, is the [[Church of England]] [[Parish Church]] of Normanton, West Yorkshire. It is believed to have existed since at least 1256 and is built in the [[perpendicular style]].

===Newland===

Newland Estate was a small township on the outskirts of Normanton and lies on the north bank of the River Calder. Existing since 1213 when it was established by King [[John of England]] as a preceptory of the [[Knight's Templar]]s it was later transferred to the [[Knights Hospitallers]] in 1256.<ref>Pastell, ''Ibid''.</ref> The property belonging to the Hospitallers was dissolved by King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] who bestowed the property upon himself. The earliest known preceptor of the Knights Hospitallers was Simon Paccable in 1313. Newland was once held by the [[Levett]] family, and William Levett, who was lord of the manor, was admitted tenant of the Knights Hospitallers on [[October 2]], [[1447]].[http://books.google.com/books?id=qqULAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA231&lpg=PA231&dq=%22walks+in+yorkshire%22+lyvett+levett&source=web&ots=IBBhTX6hAc&sig=R3IyxaFbrBNiJRZIqHxjPqdy-3Q]

The estate changed hands of ownership a number of times since [[King Henry VIII]] sold the land in 1544, with final ownership landing on The Warmfield Company Limited in 1926, who ran brickworks until the mid-20th century.

Newland today is kept as a nature reserve, with the crumbling remains of the Estate overgrown with shrubs and plant life. A small fishing area just outside the Newland Estate remains popular with local fishermen.

==Notable people==

*[[Reece Dinsdale]] - Film, stage, and television actor. (He has so put this on himself!)

==Filmography==

The old Normanton brickyard situated just off of the A655 Wakefield Road was used in the late-1990s as the fictional setting of a murder in the [[ITV]] series ''[[A Touch Of Frost]]''. The structure was still intact albeit abandoned at the time of filming and was the ideal location favoured by the ITV production team. In the series a body was found by the [[Police]] in one of the factory's old kilns. Within 18 months of filming the structure had been declared unsafe and was partially demolished leaving only the chimney stack standing.

== References ==
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.normantonvoice.co.uk Local Community Page]
*[http://www.iana.org/root-whois/cm.htm IANA .cm whois information]
*[http://www.normy.co.uk Town website]
*[http://info.intelcam.cm/ .cm domain registration website] - not working as of 2007-07-06
*[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/06/01/100050989/index.htm Article about the man who profits from redirecting all the unregistered .cm domains]
*[http://www.england1966.com Town Football Team Newfield AFC]
{{CcTLD}}
*[http://www.webteams.co.uk/asnormanton All Saints Normanton Football Team]
*[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36282 Houses of Knights Hospitallers, British History Online]


{{DEFAULTSORT:CM}}
[[Category:Towns in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Geography of Wakefield]]
[[Category:Country code top-level domains]]
[[Category:Communications in Cameroon]]


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Revision as of 06:13, 11 October 2008

.cm
Introduced1995
TLD typeCountry code top-level domain
StatusActive
RegistryCamtel
SponsorCamtel
Intended useEntities connected with Cameroon
Actual useGets some use related to Cameroon; a wildcard DNS record also catches typos with a paid search page
Registration restrictionsLocal presence required
StructureRegistrations are made directly at the second level (there are also third-level registrations for government sites under gov.cm)
DocumentsRegistration form
Registry websiteCameroon Internet registry

.cm is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Cameroon.

In August 2006, it was reported that the .cm registry had set up a wildcard DNS record, so that all unregistered domains in this top-level domain go to a parking page with paid search links. This was likely intended to take advantage of typographical errors by users attempting to reach .com web sites. This has been tracked down to Kevin Ham.[1]

The wildcard DNS record in fact comprises three entries[2]:

  • .cm 900 TXT "v=spf1 -all"
  • .cm 900 TXT "v=spf2.0/pra -all"
  • .cm 900 A 72.51.27.58

The first two relate to sender policy framework, although the second is of questionable validity, and mark the wildcarded domains as not originating any email at all. The third causes any non-existent name under .cm to resolve to a search page.

References

  1. ^ Berryhill, John. "Nation of Cameroon Typo-Squats the Entire .com Space", CircleID. August 5, 2006. Retrieved on August 16, 2006.
  2. ^ "CM Zone File". Robert Baskerville's ccTLD analysis data. 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2007-12-30.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Normanton,_West_Yorkshire&oldid=244522487"