BMW E24

BMW
BMW 635 CSi (1982-1987)
E24
Sales designation:	BMW 6 Series
Production period:	1975-1989
Class :	Upper class
Body versions :	Coupe
Engines:	Petrol engines : 2.8-3.5 liters (135-210 kW)
Length:	4755-4815 mm
Width:	1725-1740 mm
Height:	1355-1365 mm
Wheelbase :	2625 mm
Empty weight :	1410-1515 kg
Previous model	BMW E9
successor	BMW E31

The BMW E24 is a four-seater coupe of the luxury class from BMW and the first model in the 6- series. Its production began in October 1975 as the successor to the E9 series , while the market launch took place in March 1976. All models have a six-cylinder in - line engine and rear-wheel drive .

Production of the E24 ended in April 1989. His successor was the 8 series .

Model history

General

Rear of the 633 CSi (1976–1982)

The E24 was officially presented at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1976 . To a large extent, it anticipated the appearance of the 7 Series ( E23 ) presented in May 1977 , but was based on the modified floor pan of the first 5 Series ( E12 ), which was slightly shortened in the wheelbase .

The official type designation is BMW 6 CS.

Compared to its predecessor, the E9 , the E24 is longer and wider. The crash tests carried out during development resulted in a heavier, but also significantly stiffer and safer body structure. The more comfort-oriented equipment brought additional weight. The newly added B-pillar was clad with black plastic in order to make it visually receding and thus create the impression of a continuous window surface, as with the predecessor. However, due to the B-pillar, the rear side windows could only be partially lowered.

In the interior of the E24, BMW chief designer Paul Bracq had further refined the design element of the driver-related cockpit introduced in the summer of 1972 with the first BMW 5-series (E12), which has also included the. Since the introduction of the first 3-series ( E21 ) in August 1975 Controls and displays in the center console are turned towards the driver's seat. This design element was retained for over 25 years in all production models (except for the BMW M1 ).

The E24 was initially completely built by Karmann . From August 1977 onwards, only the body shells were manufactured there due to the fluctuating quality and final assembly at the BMW plant in Dingolfing . Six-cylinder in-line engines ( M30 / M88 ) with an output between 135 and 210 kW were installed throughout . A total of 86,219 cars were produced. Of the company Alpina , Hartge and Schnitzer Motorsport there was refined models, including the Alpina B7 Turbo coupe with a capacity of up to 243 kW (330 hp).

The first two production vehicles, a 630 CS with the chassis number 4360001 and a 633 CSi with the number 4375001, rolled off the production line on October 15, 1975.

The last E24, a 635 CSi Automatic in salmon silver with the chassis number 1280940, was made on 14 April 1989, delivered on 31 May 1989 to customers in Germany, to which it already on 26 May 1989 approved had been. The series was thus discontinued after a total of 86,219 vehicles had been built in favor of the larger E31 8-series coupé .

With a production period of over 13 years, the E24 is the longest-running model series from BMW. During this time, 86,216 coupés were built.

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  BMW 630 CS (1976-1979)

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  BMW 633 CSi (1976-1982)

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  BMW 628 CSi (after facelift 1982–1987)

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  BMW 633 CS, US version (1987–1989)

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  BMW E24, interior up to facelift 1982

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  BMW E24, instrument panel after 1982

1976: 630 CS and 633 CSi

At the time of series launch, the 630 CS was available with a 3.0-liter carburetor engine and the 633 CSi with a 3.2-liter intake manifold injection ; In the USA, the 630 CSi was launched with a standard catalytic converter. The base price for the 630 CS was 40,600 DM and for the 633 CSi 43,100 DM.

A technical innovation was the so-called Check Control , which at the push of a button could show the driver the function of the brake and tail lights, the correct level of coolant, engine oil, brake fluid and windshield washer fluid as well as sufficient thickness of the brake pads.

The standard equipment was quite extensive by the standards of the time, it included comfort features such as B. electric central locking , electric windows , electrically adjustable exterior mirrors , height-adjustable driver's seat and longitudinally adjustable steering wheel as well as heat-insulating glass and safety details such as the power steering with safety steering column and the laminated glass front window. There were also aluminum wheels , halogen headlights and a rear fog light , and a rev counter was not a matter of course at the time. The E24 built by Karmann had partial leather seats as standard (seat and backrest surface in fabric, seat and backrest side panels in leather), the 6 Series built by BMW from 1977 even had leather seats . The rear seats were designed as single seats.

The optional equipment available ex works included, for example, the air conditioning system , an optionally electric or manually operated sunroof , and a 3-speed automatic transmission .

1978: 635 CSi

In order to fill the sporty niche again after the two more comfort-oriented basic models, the 635 CSi with a 3.5-liter intake manifold injector with 218 hp supplemented the model range in 1978 at a price of 49,400 DM. This already differed from the exterior the other two models with front and rear spoilers, side trim strips and BBS aluminum wheels with cross-spokes.

The chassis received stiffer shock absorbers with reinforced stabilizers, a five-speed gearbox and a limited-slip differential with a 25% locking degree (40% extra charge) were standard. In the interior there are now sports seats from Recaro , which were already available at an additional cost for the 630 CS and 633 CSi, and the instruments in the cockpit were provided with red instead of white pointers.

Thanks to the now larger engine with higher torque and more power, the 635 CSi can even compete with the Porsche 928 and Mercedes-Benz 450 SLC 5.0 , both of which have large V8 engines and 240 hp (and with around 240 hp) in the auto motor und sport test or 232 km / h higher top speeds, 635 CSi: 228 km / h), accelerate: from 0 to 200 km / h, the 635 CSi is around two seconds faster than its approximately 10,000 DM more expensive competitors.

1979: 628 CSi

The 630 CS, which was no longer fully up-to-date at the start of series production, and with its three-liter engine with Solex double register carburetor , has a higher consumption than the larger and more powerful 633 CSi, was replaced in 1979 by the 628 CSi, its 2.8-liter intake manifold injector with 184 hp from the 528i is taken over and the engine and performance values ​​of the old three-liter engine are almost reached. Thanks to the L-Jetronic , there is not only a considerable reduction in consumption, especially in city traffic, but the smoother running of the smaller engine is also better. The 628 CSi initially costs 46,000 DM.

1982: First facelift

E24 from 1982

Fundamental changes were made to the major facelift in May 1982, not in the slightly revised external appearance, but rather on the technical side. The 6 Series was brought up to the level of the E28 , the successor to the E12, in terms of both the chassis and the engine . As a result of the changes to the chassis, the body structure could also be revised; the body was not only around 50 kg lighter, but also stiffer.
The front and rear areas were slightly redesigned: Larger front aprons were generally installed in which the (optional) fog lights were now installed flush, and at the rear the bumper extends right up to the wheel arches. On the 635 CSi, the (standard) fog lights were now integrated into the front spoiler.
The official type designation is now BMW 6 CS / 1.

Under the bonnet, the L-Jetronic of the 635 CSi was replaced by the more modern Motronic from Bosch , the engine of the 628 CSi continued to run unchanged. The 633 CSi is no longer available in Germany; production for other markets will continue until 1984. ABS is now standard for the 635 CSi, it is available as an option for the 628 CSi and will only become standard equipment in 1984.

Thanks to the reduced weight, the revised engine management and the now standard 5-speed overdrive gearbox, the consumption figures can be significantly reduced: with the 628 CSi by 9.1% or 1 l / 100 km, with the 635 CSi even 17.9% or 2, 1 l / 100 km, each in a combined DIN third mix .

The first thing you notice in the interior are the changed instruments. The speedometer is no longer in the middle of the instrument cluster, flanked by the tachometer on the right and the fuel gauge and coolant temperature display on the left; instead, like the already introduced BMW E28 and the facelifted BMW E23 , the speedometer and tachometer are now the same size and moved to the outside, the fuel gauge and temperature display are now arranged one above the other in the middle, in between is the service interval display that is now also available in the E24 . This calculates the time until the next oil change or the next inspection from the engine load and cold start frequency, and a request is made to change the brake fluid once a year .

The Check-Control is no longer only active at the push of a button, but now automatically monitors the coolant level, engine oil level, low beam, brake light, tail light, license plate lights and wash water level; an error is indicated by an electronic gong and a centrally located warning lamp; Brake fluid level and sufficient brake pad thickness are now monitored separately.

Also new was the on-board computer , available as an option for the 628 CSi and standard in the 635 CSi , which could not only display the time and date, but also the outside temperature (with ice warning below +3 ° C), average speed and consumption, and could also program a speed limit an acoustic signal warned when exceeded. In addition, a travel distance could be entered from which the on-board computer tried to predict an arrival time with the aid of the distance already covered after the start of the journey and the average speed. An immobilizer after entering the code was also possible, which prompted you to re-enter the code when the ignition was switched on again, otherwise the ignition would be blocked and the vehicle horn switched on for 30 seconds after three unsuccessful attempts. In 1984, the function of calculating the arrival time was omitted, but the rolling display of the information from the on-board computer, then known as BC II, could be remotely controlled from the indicator lever. The display itself has been switched from LEDs to a backlit LC display .

The operation of heating and ventilation has also changed: the three rotary controls for temperature (left), air volume (in the middle, until 1979 with an analogue and later digital clock) and air distribution (right) have been replaced by two external rotary controls for temperature and air volume , in between there are now three sliders for distributing the air volume. Electronic temperature control is now available for interior temperature control. The digitally displaying clock, also available as an optional extra with outside temperature display or as an on-board computer, is located below on the right-hand side of the center console, with space for the car radio on the left. The functional scheme of the air conditioning system, which is available as an optional extra, has not changed, however; the air to be cooled is still sucked in from the interior through a grill in the center console using the recirculation principle, cooled and blown back into the interior through the center grilles of the instrument panel. A distribution of the cooled air to the windshield or the footwell was (and remained) not possible. Other switches for the power windows and exterior mirrors were also introduced.

The standard central locking system now has an additional unlocking lock as anti-theft protection, which prevents the vehicle from being opened from the inside when the lock is activated. The windscreen washer nozzles and the driver's wing mirror are electrically heated; pressing the door handle activates the heating of the driver's door lock.

In Germany a 628 CSi now costs (03/82) 51,800 DM, a 635 CSi 61,300 DM;
before the second facelift, the price of the 628 CSi is 67,000 DM, that of the 635 CSi 78,000 DM (04/87).

1984: M635CSi

BMW M635CSi (1985)

Rear view M635CSi (wheels not original)

BMW M88 engine, partly made of plexiglass for exhibition purposes

From April 1984 there was a sports version of the BMW 635CSi, the BMW M635CSi designed by BMW Motorsport GmbH , but built by BMW AG (in contrast to the first M5 of the E28 series , which rolled off the assembly line at Motorsport and, accordingly, as manufacturer BMW Motorsport GmbH was recorded in the vehicle registration document), which was equipped with a revised four-valve engine with two overhead camshafts ( DOHC ) and six individual throttle valves from the BMW M1 . The engine code for the high-compression engine is BMW M88 / 3 , for the low-compression engine for the vehicle variant with a regulated three-way catalytic converter, S38B35. The lower compression for the S38B35 was necessary because unleaded gasoline was not yet available with a high octane rating comparable to premium gasoline . The M635CSi cost 89,500 DM in 1983 when it first appeared in the price lists; in September 1986 as M635CSi with catalyst 102,050 DM.

The reinforced manual transmission with the designation 280/5 from Getrag was a sports transmission with a longer first gear and a narrow spread, but did not have the sports shift pattern with the first gear on the left rear ("dog-leg-shifter") of the BMW M535i (E28) . The rear axle drive received a multi-disc self-locking differential with a 25% locking rate .

The chassis has been adapted to the higher performance by lowering it by 10 mm as well as by using other springs and gas pressure shock absorbers and reinforced stabilizers . The brakes were also reinforced, larger brake discs with 300 mm diameter (internally ventilated) were used at the front , supplemented by four-piston fixed calipers at the front. The braking system was designed as a double, two-circuit brake system (the weaker models had single-piston floating calipers all around, as well as brake discs with a diameter of 284 mm and a diagonal two-circuit system). ABS was standard.

The larger starter battery with a capacity of 88 Ah was housed in the trunk, on the one hand because there was no more space in the engine compartment, and on the other hand because the resulting higher load on the rear axle improved traction .

Outwardly, the M635CSi differed from the other models by a lower front spoiler with integrated fog lights, a rear spoiler (like 635CSi) and exterior mirrors painted in the same color as the car; In contrast to the weaker models, the driver and front passenger exterior mirrors were standard. When the wider 240/45 VR 415 TRX tires on forged BBS rims were ordered as special equipment (standard TRX 220/55 VR 390 tires on forged Fuchs rims ), wheel cutouts painted in the vehicle color were added.

In the interior, sport seats and a sport leather steering wheel were standard, as well as a modified instrumentation with a speedometer up to 280 km / h and a rev counter up to 8000 min ⁻¹ with a red range from 6900 min ⁻¹ , the fuel consumption indicator located in the lower part of the rev counter on the other models omitted, but not replaced by an engine oil temperature display as with other M models (e.g. M3 E30 and all later M models, apart from the 850CSi); at this point was the "/// M" logo.

It reached 210 kW at 6500 min ^-1 and 340 Nm at 4500 min ^-1 with a curb weight of around 1510 kg a top speed of 255 km / h, acceleration from 0 km to 100 / h in 6.4 seconds.

1987: Second facelift

BMW E24 after the second facelift, recognizable by the triple ellipsoid headlights

The second facelift, carried out in May 1987, was somewhat more conspicuous from the outside. The enlarged bumpers at the front and rear, which are already known for the US market, have been adapted and above them by means of the impact boxes known from the current BMW models, which absorb impacts up to 15 km / h (up to 8 km / h reversible via hydraulically damped spring elements up to 15 km / h irreversible due to comparatively easily exchangeable deformation elements), mounted on all models. The side of the bumpers were now decorated with plastic covers painted in the vehicle color. The front spoiler became even more voluminous and was now identical for the 635 CSi and M635 CSi. The enlarged bumpers also ensure the vehicle length has now increased to 4815 mm.

The technology was brought to the level of the E32 presented in 1986 , which is most clearly expressed by the use of the DE headlights (triple ellipsoid) now used in all BMWs. The fog lights were also equipped with this lens technology. The 628 CSi was discontinued, the 635 CSi was equipped with the revised 3.5-liter engine of the E32 / E34 series with 155 kW (211 hp) (with catalytic converter) or 162 kW (220 hp) (without catalytic converter). The models 635 CSi and M635 CSi remaining in the program were now supplied as standard as catalytic converter models, but the respective high-compression variants without catalytic converter were still available on customer request.

The revision of the 6 series was also reflected in the price, a 635 CSi (cat.) Cost 80,000 DM in June 1987 and the M635 CSi (cat.) 106,000 DM.

The official type designation was still BMW 6 CS / 1, unofficially, however, this last version of the E24 is often referred to as CS / 2.

Despite this facelift, the E32 series seven, which was released in 1986, made it clear that the E24 was a beautiful vehicle, but technically only up-to-date in a few details.

As early as 1986, Eckhard Eybl wrote in the magazine auto motor und sport about the M5 E28 and M635 CSi: “Both the sedan and the coupé are no longer brand new, are almost gray and will soon come across the first Erlkönig drawings of their successors. Long-maintained series, however, have an advantage that young princesses are also happy to discover. They are mature and experienced down to the last gear wheels; These two BMWs are also at their zenith - much more is hardly possible within this technical framework. "

tuner

Alpina

Thanks to the modular system of the BMW engines, it was easy for Alpina to ensure that the newly released 6-series Coupé was both sporty and suitable for everyday use.

For the BMW 630 CS and 633 CSi offered at the beginning of the E24, the already well-known B2 and B8 engines from the 5 series E12 , sedan E3 and coupe E9 series could be adopted; the letter B denotes the large six-cylinder M30 , the following number the respective stage of development.

From 1978 Alpina operated as an independent vehicle manufacturer, one of the first real Alpinas was the B7 Turbo Coupé, initially known as the BMW Alpina 630 Turbo, which with 300 hp and 260 km / h not only rises in performance data similar to sports cars, but also in price at 79,990 DM discontinued. For comparison: a 240 km / h faster Porsche 928 cost 58,800 DM, a 'only' 182 km / h faster Golf I GTI 13,580 DM (1976).

Alpina B7 Turbo Coupé
(1981; serial number 255)

But the B7 turbo drive also attracted attention technically: the maximum boost pressure of the turbocharger could be reduced from a maximum of 1.85 bar to 1.55 bar (corresponding to 250 hp) using the steam wheel from the driver's seat, and for improved performance development at low levels RPM, i.e. before the turbo charger started ( turbo lag ), was ensured by a specially tuned resonance charge . This so-called combined supercharging was developed by the Hungarian engineer Dr. Cser and realized for the first time in a series vehicle by the head of Alpina engine development Fritz Indra . The intake manifold injection was handled by an electronically controlled, air volume measuring Pierburg DL system, and an equally electronic, contactlessly controlled Dr. Hartig ignition system .

After BMW switched to the new Bosch Motronic, the B7 turbos also benefited from this engine management system, which integrated and coordinated the control of boost pressure, ignition and injection. After Alpina was the first vehicle manufacturer to use the new metal catalytic converters from Emitec in series production due to the lower exhaust gas back pressure compared to catalytic converters with ceramic carriers , Motronic also took over the lambda control .

Somewhat overshadowed the attention were the not quite as powerful models B9 and B10, but thanks to their balance due to the powerful naturally aspirated engines they were in the best tradition of classic Gran Turismo .

The B9, which was only built from 1982 onwards, was based on the 635 CSi, the increase in performance was achieved through classic engine tuning: the hemispherical combustion chambers ensure better combustion of the engineered intake ducts and the camshaft with only a slightly longer opening time (268 ° CA instead of 264 ° KW) and changed cam shape, increased mixture flow, the Motronic has been retuned to match. Despite significantly better performance, the B9 Coupé consumes less fuel than the underlying production BMW. However, with a price of DM 72,950 (1982), the B9 is in the same price range as a Mercedes-Benz 500 SEC , which is certainly one of the reasons that only 119 vehicles of the B9 and its 1985 successor, the B10, are built.

Blunder

From the 635 CSi of the type 6 CS / 1, the Schnitzer company converted a total of 17 vehicles into a Schnitzer S6 in 1982/83 , more than 100 further conversion kits were sold by Schnitzer to car workshops, which in turn converted an E24. The S6 had a more powerful engine with 180 kW (245 hp) at 6000 min ⁻¹ and a torque of 322 Nm, so it reached a top speed of 244 km / h.

Hartge

The Hartge GmbH has made from 1982 to 1987 from E24 conversions. Based on the 635 CSi, there was the H6s with 177 kW (241 hp) and the H6sp with 187 kW (254 hp), the achievable top speeds were 235 and 243 km / h respectively.

Also, there was based on the M635 CSi the H6-24 , the camshafts and the compression were modified here was 11.0: 1 raised, with a adapted to this engine changes Motronic was the engine power to 244 kW (332 hp) at 6800 min ⁻¹ and the torque is specified as 355 Nm with an unchanged 4500 min ⁻¹ . The H6-24 thus reached a maximum of 262 km / h and an acceleration time of 0–100 km / h of 6 seconds; the increase in top speed is not very clear compared to the M635 CSi, as the rear axle ratio of the base vehicle has been adopted.

Just like Schnitzer, Hartge also offered spoiler sets, chassis modifications, sports steering wheels and aluminum rims. In contrast to the comparatively discreet Alpina spoilers, both of them offered rather eye-catching solutions.

BMW 633 CSi TWR Hallmark Edition

In the early 1970s, Tom Walkinshaw had started to use Alpina parts to refine the BMW 3.0 CSL and to use it in races (including victory in the 1976 6 Hours of Silverstone , driver John Fitzpatrick ), from the late 1970s to 1985 he was TWR (Tom Walkinshaw Racing) then Alpina main dealer for the British market.

When the 635 CSi appeared in 1978, British dealers still had small stocks of the 633 CSi, which was being phased out on the European market. In order to be able to sell these as successfully as possible, the so-called TWR Hallmark Edition was set up by BMW Great Britain together with TWR . All of these vehicles were right-hand drive , except for two manual controls (one owned by Derek Bell ) all had automatic transmissions; The total number of pieces was 26 (some sources also speak of 56).

The following features distinguished the TWR Hallmark Edition:

• Alpina alloy wheels 7x16 (front) and 8x16 (rear) with Pirelli P7 tires
• Alpina front spoiler, but no rear spoiler
• Alpina / Bilstein chassis and more powerful brakes
• Hand-lined, circumferential narrow double stripes at the height of the body shoulder as well as an "H" also hand-lined on the front spoiler
• Ashtray cover made of solid silver with an embossed "H" and of course a hallmark ; the name of the TWR Hallmark Edition is derived from this
• Front headrests with silver "H" badge on the sides

The surcharge for a vehicle from the TWR Hallmark Edition was around £ 4,000 (the equivalent of around 16,000 DM), bringing the price of the 633 CSi into the £ 20,000 range, making it more expensive than the newer 635 CSi.

Others

In addition to the manufacturers already mentioned, there were other companies that mostly offered optical "refinements" for the E24. These include the accessory manufacturers, such as B. Kamei and Zender, but also wide conversions by companies such as Langenberg , Koenig-Specials , Gemballa and ABC-Exclusive , whereby the latter two in particular also significantly modified the interior by installing televisions and extensive stereo systems through to small refrigerators.

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  Front view Langenberg Breitbau

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  Side view

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  Rear view with roof spoiler

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  Front view

Racing versions

From 1981 the 635 CSi was successfully used in touring car races in Group 2 and from 1982 in Group A by partly factory-supported teams and tuners, or even on factory orders from Team Schnitzer Motorsport , piloted by drivers like Dieter Quester , Marc Surer , Hans-Joachim Stuck , Gerhard Berger , and Roberto Ravaglia .

BMW 635 CSi racing coupe

Since BMW does not use its own works vehicles, the racing vehicles are created in collaboration between BMW, parts suppliers and the actual racing teams. The body for the Renn-635 is specially welded at Karmann, and BMW supplies a special parts kit for the chassis and brakes, the safety tank, as well as aerodynamic and equipment parts. Since at that time, apart from BMW, only Alpina was able to carry out the necessary reprogramming of the engine electronics, all racing engines come from Alpina. The price for a body and parts kit was 120,000 DM in 1983, the engine costs a further 35,000 DM.

Although the up to 250 km / h and almost 300 hp Coupé lacks a little power compared to the 420 hp Jaguar XJ-S and the turbo-charged Volvo 240 with 350 hp, it drives because of its reliability and driver-friendliness and last but not least, his relative frugality, the European Touring Car Championship three times up to 1986, in 1981 with Helmut Kelleners, 1983 with Dieter Quester and 1986 with Roberto Ravaglia.

In the years 1983, 1985 and 1986 of the 635 CSi in wins 24 hours of Spa-Francorchamps , which at that time belonged to European touring car. At the Nürburgring , the coupé was successful in the 24-hour races in 1984 and 1985 .

• Schnitzer BMW 635 CSi Group A in original BMW parts design used by the factory
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  Front view with the bonnet open

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  Front side view

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  Rear side view

In 1984 , when the DTM was founded , Volker Strycek won the first championship in a Group A racing car; Although he had not won a single race, he was regularly in the points.

In addition to Germany, the 635 CSi racing coupé was also used in Great Britain, France, Belgium, Scandinavia, Australia, New Zealand and Japan in the respective national touring car championships, in the Alpine region and in Great Britain also in hill climbs and in France in rallycross races, but mostly as a single vehicle. Since the strength of the racing coupé lay more in reliability than in speed, it was not quite as successful there as in the German or European touring car championship or in the long-distance races, in which works-supported teams competed with several vehicles.

The 635 CSi coupés were also launched in some rallies . In 1982, Winfried Herrmann and Dieter Schneppenheim started the Monte Carlo Rally with a Group 2 car. In 1985 a Group A-635 CSi, actually a circuit car from Hartge Motorsport, was used by Andreas Rausch at the Rallye Vorderpfalz, Rausch / Plenk even achieved 6th place in the overall classification.

Technical specifications

• Engine differences between group 2 (until 1981) and group A (from 1982)
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  Group 2 with manifold

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  Group A with standard cast elbow

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  Group 2 with single suction pipes and flat slide

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  Group A with stock intake manifold and throttle valve

Model name	635 CSi Group A (model year 1983)
Motorization & drive
Type of cooling	Water cooling
Cylinder arrangement and number	Six-cylinder in-line engine
Mounting position	installed lengthways at the front
Valve train	2 valves per cylinder, one overhead camshaft (OHC) with chain drive
Motor series	BMW M30
Cubic capacity in cm³	3,453
Bore × stroke in mm	93.4 x 84.0
Compression ratio	11: 1
Power at min −1	213 kW (290 PS) / 6100
Maximum speed	7600 min −1
Torque in min -1	350 Nm / 5500
Mixture preparation and ignition	BOSCH Motronic II
Drive type
Gear type	Getrag 265 sports transmission
Number of gears	5
Gear ratios	I: 2.33
	II: 1.675
	III: 1.353
	IV: 1.146
	V: 1.000
	R: 2.650
3 different rear axle ratios	(3.07: 1 / 3.45: 1 / 3.91: 1)
differential	Multi-disc limited-slip differential with 75% locking effect
Performance
Top speed (with longest gear ratio)	250 km / h
acceleration
0-100 km / h	6.9 s
0-200 km / h	23.6 s
0-1000 m	25.8 s
body
wheelbase	2630 mm
length	4755 mm
width	1725 mm
height	1300 mm
Tank capacity	120 l
Weight	1185 kg
Tires and wheels
Rim size front and rear	9.5 × 16 in
Front tires	Dunlop 245 / 575-16
Rear tire	Dunlop 275 / 600-16

BMW Art Cars

→ Main article : BMW Art Car

The BMW Art Cars series , in which individual vehicles are designed by well-known artists, also includes two BMWs from the E24 series:

In 1982 Ernst Fuchs designed a BMW 635 CSi, which he called the work of art “Fire Fox on a Rabbit Hunt”. For the first time in the history of BMW Art Cars, it is not a racing vehicle that is being painted as a work of art, but a production vehicle.

The BMW 635 CSi, designed in 1986 by the American artist Robert Rauschenberg , is also a standard 6 Series Coupé, but this time it is a US version. In contrast to its predecessors, the artistic design is not applied to the body by painting, but by photographic techniques.

• Rauschenberg BMW Art Car (1986)
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  Left side view

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  Front view

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  Right side view

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  Rear view

Both vehicles are pure exhibits; they were never used in road traffic or - like their predecessors - in races.

Country variants

There were a total of four country versions of the E24, i.e. general modifications or special engines for certain sales regions.

• Europe: base model, left-hand drive for the continental European countries of the then EU and right-hand drive for Great Britain . Since Europe was the largest sales market for BMW at the time, most engine and special equipment variants were available here. Model designation: ECE or KAT
  • Switzerland / Sweden: For the stricter exhaust and noise limits applicable in Switzerland from October 1982 onwards, a 635 CSi with an exhaust-gas-cleaned 3.2-liter engine (secondary air injection, exhaust gas recirculation) was offered until the end of 1984; this engine developed 145 kW (197 hp ); this model was also sold in Sweden. From model year 1985 until the second facelift in 1987, the Swiss 635 CSi then optionally had a low-compression 3.4-liter engine with 150 kW (204 PS) (and a second ignition map for speeds below 65 km / h) or the European 3.4- Liter catalytic converter. Before and after the periods indicated above, the Swiss 633 CSi and 635 CSi do not differ from the ECE models. There was also no separate model name.
• USA: For the North American market, i.e. for the USA and Canada , some models were offered in accordance with the special regulations regarding exhaust emissions and vehicle safety (bumpers, seat belt reminders, third brake light). Model designation: U49 (for the 49 US states excluding California), later U50 (see CAL)
• California: since the CARB has stipulated particularly strict limit values ​​for emissions from motor vehicles since 1976 , from 1977 to 1979 the models 630 CSi and 633 CSi for the Californian market were equipped with a modified ignition and injection system in addition to the exhaust gas aftertreatment measures that are already necessary for the USA . The 633 CSi, which was offered in the USA from September 1979, also met the exhaust emissions regulations of California as standard, so that this special California variant was omitted. Model name: CAL
• Japan: The models for Japan correspond to the US models from July 1979 in terms of exhaust emissions (February 1978 to July 1979: 633 CSi JAP with uncontrolled catalytic converter), but have the slimmer bumpers of European vehicles. Except for the M6, all 633 CSi and 635 CSi delivered in Japan have automatic transmissions. These vehicles were only built until November 1988. Units sold: 633 CSi (1,888), 635 CSi (1848), M6 164. Model name: JAP

Exhaust-cleaned US models

After BMW took over the sales structure of the US importer Maximilian "Maxie" Hoffman in 1975, who as general importer for Mercedes-Benz and BMW also played a key role in the development of the BMW 507 and previously also the Mercedes 300 SL , and the sales company BMW of North America founded, US sales had nearly doubled in three years. The new 6 Series Coupé should also make a contribution to this.

• 630 CSi (09 / 76-07 / 77): An engine with extensive measures to reduce emissions was developed for the strict US emissions regulations: exhaust gas recirculation , secondary air injection , tank ventilation with activated carbon filter , and thermal reactor . The compression ratio had to be reduced for the fuels with lower knock resistance available in the USA. Since the exhaust gas afterburning in particular is very sensitive to rapid changes in engine speed and engine load - the smaller the change in the engine operating point, the easier the pre-control or tracking of the fuel-air mixture, recirculated exhaust gas quantity and injected secondary air can be the exhaust gas afterburning of the thermoreactor principle - the associated deceleration led to extremely mild driving performance, so that the sales figures developed rather slowly, although the new 6 Series was otherwise considered to be clearly superior to its predecessor. Sold quantities: manual switch 928 (automatic 866), of which CAL 432 (430).
• 633 CSi L-Jetronik (09 / 77-05 / 79): The first remedy was the increase in displacement to the 3.2 liters of the 633 CSi, which, due to the package of measures adopted in principle from the 630 CSi, only led to an increase in output of one horsepower now enabled better driving performance due to revised overall set-up. Apart from that, air conditioning and leather upholstery were now standard equipment in the US. Number of units sold: 687 (776), of which CAL 237 (269).
• 633 CSi Motronic (07 / 79-09 / 84): Thanks to the lambda probe introduced by Bosch in 1976 , the difficult-to-use thermoreactor could now be replaced by catalytic exhaust gas purification , thus eliminating secondary air injection and exhaust gas recirculation as well as the special CAL model. The control of the engine management and the exhaust aftertreatment was taken over by the new Bosch Motronic , which was only available for the US market in the 633 CSi. With this, the power delivery could finally be improved considerably, despite the unchanged engine power, the driving performance was now befitting: 8.4 seconds for the US standard sprint from 0 to 60 mph, and a top speed of 124 mph (200 km / h). A total of 5553 (4131) vehicles of the 633 CSi U50 were sold.
• 635 CSi and M6 (from 1985 or 1987): Since the catalytic converter had meanwhile proven itself, no technologies that differed from the European (cat) models were used for the US versions of the 635 CSi and later the M6, the only differences are still in the area of ​​the interior and the bumpers. 3713 (9289) vehicles of the US-635 CSi were delivered, and the US-M6 1767 vehicles.

L6 and M6

Rear climate of the E24

Electrical seat-adjustment

The 635 CSi was offered in the USA and Canada from model year 1987 with the low-compression engine and standard catalytic converter under the sales designation BMW L6 , but the interior was a lot more extensive (e.g. interior completely covered in leather, rear air conditioning, electric seat adjustment, etc. ); from the second facelift (CS / 2) the car was called the 635 CSi again, and the leather-covered dashboard was omitted from the interior.

The M6 , which was only offered in the USA from model year 1987 at the same time as the European Kat-M635 CSi, had the same interior fittings as the L6 except for the standard sports seats. The models in North America, like those in Japan, had a /// M6 emblem on the front grille and on the trunk lid (the three slashes stand for the three diagonal colored bars in the BMW motorsport colors of the time, blue, purple and red in front of the letter M ), in Europe there was only the /// M emblem, which was also on the trunk lid .

From the second facelift in 1987, the L6 equipment was also offered in Europe for the 635 CSi and M635 CSi as so-called high - line equipment, in Germany at a price of 11,275 to 12,500 DM.

Technical specifications

BMW

Model name	628 CSi		630 CS	630 CSi (USA)	633 CSi		635 CSi		635 CSi cat.	635 CSi	635 CSi cat.	M635 CSi	M635 CSi Cat.
Start of production	06/1979	05/1982	10/1975	09/1976	10/1975	09/1979	06/1978	05/1982	09/1985	06/1987	06/1987	04/1984	07/1986
End of production	04/1982	05/1987	08/1979	07/1977	08/1979	09/1984	04/1982	06/1987	06/1987	04/1989	04/1989	04/1989	04/1989
Quantities	5951		3972	1794	23432		45215					5855
of which RHD	1083		-		1696		6530					524
Motorization & drive
Cylinder arrangement and number, valves , engine series	Six-cylinder in-line engine with 2 valves per cylinder BMW M30											Six-cylinder in-line engine, 4 valves per cylinder BMW M88
Cubic capacity in cm³	2788		2986		3210		3453	3430				3453
Bore × stroke in mm	86.0 x 80.0		89.0 x 80.0		89.0 x 86.0		93.4 x 84.0	92.0 x 86.0				93.4 x 84.0
compression	9.3: 1		9.0: 1	8.1: 1	9.0: 1	9.3: 1	9.3: 1	10.0: 1	8.0: 1	9.2: 1	9.0: 1	10.5: 1	9.8: 1
Power in kW ( PS ) at speed in min -1	135 (184) 5800		136 (185) 5800	129 (176) 5800	147 (200) 5500	145 (197) 5500	160 (218) 5200	160 (218) 5500	136 (185) 5400	162 (220) 5700	155 (211) 5700	210 (286) 6500	191 (260) 6500
Torque in Nm at speed in min -1	240 4200		260 3500	251 ?	285 4300	280 4250	304 4000	310 4000	290 4000	310 4000	305 4000	340 4500	330 4500
Medley treatment	Manifold injection BOSCH L-Jetronic		Carburetor Solex 4A1	Manifold injection BOSCH L-Jetronic 635 CSi from 09/80: BOSCH Motronic I				BOSCH Motronic II intake manifold injection		Intake manifold injection BOSCH Motronic III		Manifold injection BOSCH Motronic M1.1
Minimum octane number (RON)	98		98	91	98				91	95	91	98	95
Drive type	4-speed manual gearbox Getrag 262, from 1979 5-speed gearbox Getrag 260 (overdrive), on request Getrag 265 5-speed sports gearbox (635 CSi series up to 1982) on request 3-speed automatic gearbox ZF 3HP-22, from 1983 4-speed automatic transmission 4HP-22 or 4HP-22 EH front engine , rear-wheel drive , on request multi- disc limited-slip differential with 25% locking effect											5-speed sport transmission Getrag 280/5 limited slip differential as standard
Driving performance and consumption
Vmax in km / h	208 (200)	212 (204)	210 (202)	198 (196)	215 (207)		222 (214)	229 (221)	217 (213)	230 (225)	225 (220)	255	245
0-100 km / h in s	9.3 (11.1)	9.1 (10.9)	9.0 (11.2)	11 (18)	7.9 (10.4)		7.6 (9.1)	7.6 (9.1)	8.3 (9.6)	7.4 (8.4)	8.1 (9.0)	6.4 [0-200: 23.5 s]	6.9
0-1000 m in s	-	30.1 (32.1)	-	-	-	-	-	28.0 (29.7)	29.1 (30.6)	-	-	26.4	-
80–120 km / h in 4th gear	-	12.0	-	-	-	-	-	10.1	9.3	-	-	10.7	-
Consumption l / 100 km DIN third mix or 90 km / h 120 km / h city	8.2 (8.8) 10.1 (11.1) 17.7 (17.7)	6.8 (6.8) 8.8 (8.8) 14.3 (14.4)	11.4 (?)	-	11.0 (?)	8.6 (9.2) 9.9 (11.2) 16.9 (16.3)	8.6 (9.2) 9.9 (10.5) 19.6 (17.3)	7.2 (6.8) 8.8 (8.7) 15.7 (14.8)	8.2 (7.8) 9.9 (9.5) 16.5 (16.8)	7.9 (7.8) 9.9 (9.8) 16.8 (16.9)	8.2 (8.0) 10.3 (10.2) 17.4 (17.5)	7.8 9.7 16.5	8.1 10.1 17.6
USA mpg City / Highway consumption	-	-	-	15/21 (? /?)	-	-	-	-	16/21 (? /?)	-	15/23 (15/19)	-	10/19
landing gear
Suspension	Independent suspension all around with coil springs and telescopic shock absorbers , anti-roll bars front and rear, from 1987 at the request electronically controlled damper adjustment ( EDC )
Front axle	1976–1982 MacPherson struts with tension struts and wishbones 1982–1989 MacPherson struts with separately articulated thrust struts and wishbones, brake buckling compensation
Rear axle	1976–1982 Semi-trailing arm axle 1982–1989 Trailing arm suspension with additional trailing arm (screw-trailing arm axle with 13 ° arrow ), with pitch compensation, on request with level control
steering	hydraulically assisted power steering with engine speed-dependent assistance, 1976–1982 steering gear with worm and roller 1982–1989 recirculating ball steering , upon request with vehicle speed-dependent assistance ( Servotronic ) gear ratio steering gear / total gear ratio of the steering 1976–1982 14.5: 1 / 16.9: 1 1982– 1989 13.5: 1 / 15.7: 1
Brakes	Hydraulically operated disc brakes all around, hand brake mechanically acting on drum brakes on the rear wheels, vacuum brake booster , from 1982 hydraulic braking assistance, from 1979 on request ABS 1976–1982 double- dual-circuit brake system , brake discs all around with 284 mm diameter at the front, internally ventilated, and 272 mm diameter rear 1982–1989 Diagonal dual-circuit brake system, brake discs all around with 284 mm diameter, internally ventilated at the front, ABS (on the 628 CSi only standard from 1984); M635 CSi diagonal dual circuit system, internally ventilated brake discs with 300 mm diameter at the front and 4-piston fixed calipers
body
design type	" Coupé 2-door, self-supporting all - steel body, welded to the floor pan, dimensionally stable safety cell on all sides , controlled deformable crumple zones , integrated roof cross members, reinforcements arranged all around." 4 seats drag coefficient c w = 0.4, M635 CSi c w = 0.39, frontal area 635 CSi A = 1.90 m², M635 CSi A = 1.96 m²
Vehicle dimensions in mm (L × W × H)	4755 × 1725 × 1365, from 1987 (CS / 2) length 4815, wheelbase 2625, trunk volume according to VDA 413 liters, tank capacity 70 liters											4755 × 1740 × 1353 from 1987 L 4815 trunk volume 335 liters
Empty weight in kg	1460 (1475)	1410 (1430)	1450 (1470)	1475 (?)	1495 (?)		1480 (1490)	1430 (1450)	1460 (1480)		1475 (1495)	1500	1515

Performance and weight for standard vehicles without special equipment and with manual gearbox indicated, values ​​in () for vehicles with automatic gearbox. Sources: Unless otherwise stated, all values ​​in the text and tables are taken from operating instructions and sales brochures. The years given in the table without any further designation apply to production, which usually started shortly before the respective official delivery dates; the data in the text refer to the delivery periods. Since, for reasons of clarity, not all changes are given for the respective model years, there may be deviations from the values ​​given here. This applies in particular to the consumption figures , where there are sometimes significant deviations due to the 5-speed manual transmission with gentle characteristics (from 1979) or 4-speed automatic transmission (from 1983 with electronic-hydraulic control with 3 driving programs) can; The consumption values ​​were only given in detail from 1980, previously only the third-mix values.

Alpina

model	Abbreviation .	Cubic capacity in cm³	Cylinders (valves)	Medley treatment	Power in kW (hp) at min -1	Torque in Nm min -1	V max in km / h	0–100 km / h in s	0–200 km / h in s	0-1000 m in s	Period	number of pieces
BMW Alpina 630 CS B2	-	2.986	6 (12)	3 Solex 45 DDH	170 (230 )/6750	270/5000	230	6.9	-	-	5 / 1977-1982	?
BMW Alpina 633 CSi B8	-	3.210	6 (12)	L-Jetronic	176 (240) / 6000	309/4000	232	6.8	-	-	10 / 1977-7 / 1980	6th
B9 3.5 Coupé	B9	3,453	6 (12)	L-Jetronic	180 (245) / 5700	320/4000	238	7.3	-	-	7 / 1982-11 / 1982	2
B9 3.5 Coupé / 1st	B9 / 1	3,430	6 (12)	Motronic II	180 (245) / 5700	320/4000	238	7.3	37.0	-	8 / 1982-12 / 1985	73
B10 3.5 Coupé	B10	3,430	6 (12)	Motronic III	192 (261) / 5800	346/4000	250	6.4	-	-	7/85 - 6/87	44
B10 3.5 Coupé Cat.	-	3,430	6 (12)	Motronic III	188 (254) / 5900	325/4000	246	6.6	-	-	not built	0
B7 Turbo Coupé	B7	2.986	6 (12)	Pierburg DL	221 (300) / 6000	462/2400	261	6.4	24.2	26.2	12 / 1978-02 / 1982	153
B7S Turbo Coupé	B7S	3,453	6 (12)	Pierburg DL	243 (330) / 5800	500/3000	269	5.7	20.7	24.9	05 / 1982-09 / 1982	30th
B7 Turbo Coupé / 1	B7 / 2	3,430	6 (12)	Motronic II	243 (330) / 5700	512/2400	267	5.9	19.6	25.2	04 / 1984-08 / 1987	110
B7 Turbo Coupé / 1 Cat.	B7 / 3	3,430	6 (12)	Motronic ML3.1	235 (320) / 5600	520/2300	265	6.1	19.8	-	10 / 1986-06 / 1988	20th

Since Alpina has been an independent vehicle manufacturer since 1978 and as such assigns its own chassis numbers, all Alpinas from 1978 onwards have two chassis numbers: the "original" from BMW and the new from Alpina; however, the Alpina number is registered in the vehicle documents.

Existence in Germany

The following parts of this section seem since 1 January 2015 is out of date to be : Missing data for five years
Please help with to the missing information research and insert .

The stock of BMW E24s is listed according to manufacturer (HSN) and type code numbers (TSN) in Germany according to the Federal Motor Transport Authority . Types with less than 100 vehicles are not shown. Until 2007, the inventory included the number of vehicles registered as well as the number of temporary shutdowns. Since 2008, the inventory has only included "flowing traffic" including the seasonal license plates.

HSN / TSN	model	kW	1.1.2005	1.1.2006	1.1.2008	1.1.2009	1.1.2010	1.1.2011	1.1.2012	1.1.2013	1.1.2014	1.1.2015
0005/393	633 CSi	147	112	100				107	109	117	113	120
0005/407	635 CSi	160	280	245	133	129	154	162	185	198	211	219
0005/424	628 CSi	135	517	455	246	222	210	205	201	193	204	228
0005/425	635 CSi	160	1,437	1,280	673	651	614	605	599	596	635	683
0005/434	M 635 CSi	210	533	487	247	243	238	229	241	252	252	255
0005/445	635 CSi	136	234	229	127	127	117	104	102	107	104	101
0005/468	635 CSi	155	473	458	317	305	299	301	301	291	298	296
source

The E24 in film and television

Most recently, the 6 Series was seen as Benno Berghammer's ( Ottfried Fischer ) official car in the television series Der Bulle von Tölz , in some seasons of the Dallas television series Cliff Barnes ( Ken Kercheval ) drove an E24, and one of the protagonists in the film Lammbock also drives an E24 which can often be seen there. Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis (leading role) also drove a gold BMW 633 CSi in the American television series The Model and the Snoop , and Avery Brooks as Hawk drives a black 6 Series in the US series Spenser with Robert Urich. An attractive model of the E24 in red can be seen in the film Brennpunkt LA in a wild chase with Riggs and Murtaugh. In the film Back to the Future II , Griff drives a BMW 633 CSi, which has been converted into a futuristic convertible, in front of the "Cafe of the 80s". In the film Fire and Ice , a white 6-series car is the main actress. In the West / East German relationship comedy Karambolage , a convertible conversion of the 6th carom opponent is a Wartburg. In the music video "Do it right" (2016) by Martin Solveig , a silver-blue BMW 630 CS appears.

literature

• Horst Mönnich: BMW, a German story . Piper, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-492-04618-5
• All BMW automobiles since 1928 , Werner Oswald , Eberhard Kittler, Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-613-02053-X
• BMW Automobile , Halwart Schrader , Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02343-1
• Stefan Schrahe, Hans Friedrich Andexer: The great BMW Coupé book, all models from 1938 to today . Heel Verlag, Königswinter 1992, ISBN 3-89365-287-6
• BMW Profiles, Volume 5, BMW Coupés, Tradition of Elegance , Walter Drawer , Heel-Verlag (2004), ISBN 3-932169-16-6
• Type compass BMW. Passenger car since 1952 , Walter Drawer, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-613-02048-3
• BMW Faszination Motorsport , published by BMW AG, Munich (Central Marketing), BMW part number: 2 12 150 410

Web links

Commons : BMW E24  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Sightings of the BMW E24 on film and television (Internet Movie Cars Database)
• AutoBILD classic: M635 CSi (1984–1989) - The fleet six
• AutoFatei: BMW 635 CSi meets BMW 645 Ci - Bavarian splendor
• BMW M 635 CSI description and purchase advice

Individual evidence

1. ↑ bmw-grouparchiv.de, BMW 6 Series (E24) series, accessed on October 6, 2019 .
2. ↑ BMW 630 CS, 633 CSi (E24) - Check Control
3. ↑ Company photo: BMW 6 Series interior
4. ↑ Company photo: rear seats of the BMW 6 Series
5. ^ Dirk-Michael Conradt: Bavarian Lion. In: auto motor und sport , edition 20/1978.
6. ↑ Company photo: cockpit of the early BMW 6 series
7. ↑ Production photo: Cockpit of the facelifted 6 CS / 1
8. ↑ The service interval display
9. ↑ The active Check-Control , information available at 7-forum.com, July 1, 2018.
10. ↑ BMW on-board computer I , private E23 page occupied by the operating instructions, available on July 1, 2018.
11. ↑ BMW on-board computer II private E23 side u. a. documented by the operating instructions, available on July 1, 2018.
12. ↑ Dirk-Michael Conradt: M-Mission. In: auto motor und sport , issue 25/1986.
13. ↑ Bonhams auction 633 CSi TWR Hallmark Edition
14. ↑ Overview of tuning companies
15. ↑ Overview of tuners and accessories companies ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
16. ↑ Schnitzer Motorsport racing history ( Memento from March 31, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
17. ↑ Bernd Ostmann: Six in the photo . In: auto motor und sport , issue 10/1983
18. ↑ Helmut Kellener's autograph card
19. ↑ Group A BMW 635 CSi - a popular, solid performer (English)
20. ↑ Season 1982 / Rallye Monte Carlo / 31 Herrmann / Schneppenheim ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
21. ^ Results Rallye Monte Carlo 1982
22. ↑ Results Rallye Vorderpfalz 1985
23. ↑ http://www.7-forum.com/artcars/bmw_artcar_fuchs.html Ernst Fuchs: BMW 635 CSi Art Car from 1982
24. ↑ http://www.7-forum.com/artcars/bmw_artcar_rauschenberg.html Robert Rauschenberg: BMW 635 CSi Art Car from 1986
25. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Swiss Confederation Federal Office for the Environment FOEN: Clean air regulations: Traffic
26. ↑ Historical Perspective: BMW's Coupe Lineage (English) ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
27. ↑ Buyer's Guide: BMW E24 6 Series (English) ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
28. ^ Road & Track, June 1977. USA. ROAD TEST BMW 630 CSi Will the Bavarians' new Valkyrie carry off the XJS and 450 SLC to Valhalla? (English)
29. ^ Road & Track Special, 1982, USA. ROADTEST: BMW 633 CSi Bavaria's flagship gets a 5-speed gearbox (English)
30. ↑ a detailed breakdown of the built variants under - ( Memento of the original from January 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
31. ↑ BMW brochure "M3, M5, M635 CSi", 1987
32. ↑ Purchase advice E24
33. ↑ Alpina Club Sweden (Swedish), with Alpina E24 data ( memento of the original from August 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
34. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2005 by manufacturer and type with selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special issue 4 for series 2, January 1, 2005. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, May 2005, pp. 13, 14 , archived from the original on March 18, 2006 ; Retrieved September 26, 2015 . 
35. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2006 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special edition 4 for series 2, January 1, 2006. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2006, pp. 89, 91, 92 , archived from the original on October 9, 2006 ; Retrieved September 26, 2015 . 
36. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2008 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2008. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2008, pp. 94, 95, 98 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
37. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2009 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2009. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2009, pp. 100, 104 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
38. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2010 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2010. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2010, pp. 99, 100, 103 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
39. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2011 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2011. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2011, pp. 104, 105, 109 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
40. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2012 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2012. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2012, pp. 109, 114 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
41. ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2013 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2013. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2013, pp. 16, 17, 25 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
42. ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2014 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2014. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2014, pp. 19, 28 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
43. ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2015 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2015. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2015, pp. 17, 18, 28 , accessed on September 26, 2015 . 
44. ↑ Martin Solveig - Do It Right feat. Tkay Maidza (Official Video). In: YouTube. Retrieved September 2, 2016 .