Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians Don Bosco ( order abbreviation SDB ; officially Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii , Society of St. Francis de Sales ) are a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church founded in 1859 and go back to the Italian priest Johannes Bosco (1815–1888), or “Don Bosco " called. The Salesians of Don Bosco, with their educational preventive system founded by Don Bosco, are among the pioneers of youth work in Italy in the 19th century . In addition to the Jesuits , the Benedictines and the Franciscans , they form one of the largest male orders in the Roman Catholic Church and are active worldwide.
history
Prehistory and foundation
On January 26, 1854, Don Bosco gave the name "Salesians" to a small group of associates, including Michael Rua and Giovanni Cagliero , and on March 25, 1855, Michael Rua became the first Salesian to take private vows in Don Bosco's hands, soon after him also Vittorio Alasonatti.
On May 29, 1855, the plan to found a religious order was set back by the " Rattazzi Laws", by means of which numerous religious orders were dissolved by the state.
In 1858 Don Bosco wrote a written draft of the first Salesian Constitutions.
The Immaculata festival on December 8, 1859 was celebrated with around 1,000 young people, including 184 interns. On the following day, Don Bosco announced at a meeting with 19 employees that the hour had come for the “Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales “to give a form.
On Sunday, December 18, 1859, after the evening prayer, Don Bosco met with 17 co-workers and agreed with them “to establish itself as a society or congregation which aims to help one another for its own sanctification To promote the glory of God and the salvation of souls, especially those most in need of instruction and education. ”This is considered to be the founding date of the Congregation. The founding fathers of the Congregation and the first general councils included Vittorio Alasonatti (Prefect), Michael Rua (Spiritual Director), Angelo Savio (Economist), Giovanni Cagliero, Giovanni Bonetti and Carlo Ghivarello (Secretary).
In 1860 the number of interns was increased to 355 young people.
development
When Don Bosco died on January 31, 1888, the congregation comprised 773 Salesians and 276 novices in 57 houses in six provinces. In 1910, when Don Rua died, the number had increased to 4001 Salesians and 371 novices. Until the middle of the sixties the number of the Salesians of Don Bosco rose continuously to over 22,000 people; since then it has declined continuously but more slowly to below 16,000. While the number of nations has increased slightly in recent years, the numbers of provinces and canonically built houses have decreased slightly due to amalgamations.
| year | Salesians of Don Bosco | Novices | Houses (canonically erected) |
Salesians per house | Provinces | Nations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1888 |
|
58 | 18.1 | 6th | 10 | |
| 1910 |
|
387 | 11.3 | ? | 30th | |
| 1921 |
|
413 | 12.3 | |||
| 1931 |
|
692 | 12.9 | |||
| 1951 |
|
1076 | 15.2 | |||
| 1964 |
|
1348 | 16.4 | |||
| 1977 |
|
1584 | 10.7 | |||
| 1992 |
|
1676 | 10.5 | 84 | 95 | |
| 1995 |
|
1770 | 9.9 | 118 | ||
| 2005 |
|
|||||
| 12/31/2007 |
|
1847 | 8.8 | 96 | 129 | |
| December 31, 2008 |
|
1859 | 8.7 | 93 | 129 | |
| December 31, 2009 |
|
92 | 130 | |||
| December 31, 2010 |
|
89 | 130 | |||
| December 31, 2011 |
|
89 | 131 | |||
| December 31, 2012 |
|
1823 | 8.5 | 90 | 132 | |
| December 31, 2013 |
|
1816 | 8.5 | 90 | 132 | |
| December 31, 2014 |
|
1811 | 8.3 | 86 | 131 | |
Importance and distribution
Worldwide
In 2012, the 15,494 Salesians of Don Bosco (including the bishops and novices) with the Jesuits and the Franciscans (OFM) belonged to the largest male religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church. They are active in 132 countries. In 2009 they maintained around 7610 facilities (works). As a rule, a canonically built house has several facilities.
The order of the countries with the most Salesians in 2014 was: India (2552), Italy (2103), Spain (1045), Poland (911) and Brazil (638), Argentina (417), Mexico (321), Colombia (305) , Philippines (281).
By 2014 the existing 90 provinces and visitatories were divided into 9 regions:
- Africa and Madagascar
- America - South Cone
- Interamerica
- Italy - Middle East
- Northern Europe
- East Asia - Oceania
- South Asia (India)
- Western Europe
- Rome
Since the 27th General Chapter 2014 there are only 8 regions, as the three European regions have been combined into two. The Western Europe region with Spain and France was dissolved. Spain now belongs to the new region "Mediterranean" with the former region "Italy - Middle East". France joins the new region "Central and Northern Europe".
A special position have in Rome , the General House and the Salesian Pontifical University .
According to estimates, the Salesians of Don Bosco are supported in their work with around 16 million boys and girls by around 150,000 full-time, part-time and voluntary employees (e.g. teachers and social workers).
Germany, Austria and Switzerland
In today's Germany, the Salesians of Don Bosco were only able to canonically build a house in Würzburg in 1916 due to the legal situation as a religious order with headquarters abroad . There the Fathers from the Congregation of the Salesians of Don Bosco initially ran a Catholic apprentice home that was opened this year in Dominikanergasse by the Apprentice Protection Association , which had existed since 1890 (the buildings of the apprenticeship and youth home were taken over by the National Socialist authorities in 1939). In today's Austria they were already represented with a branch in Vienna in 1903.
In 2005, 346 Salesians from Don Bosco worked in Germany and German-speaking Switzerland with over 1,600 employees in 33 institutions. In Austria, 85 Salesians from Don Bosco were working in 15 branches this year.
The German Provincial has been Father Reinhard Gesing since 2017, succeeding Father Josef Grünner , the Austrian Provincial has been Father Petrus Obermüller since 2014 .
The largest religious office in the German-speaking area is in Benediktbeuern with around 50 confreres. The Philosophical-Theological University of Benediktbeuern , which was jointly supported by the German and Austrian provinces and ceased teaching in 2013, was also located there. The most important branch for the development of the Austrian province is the Maria Hilf student center in Unterwaltersdorf, known today as Don Bosco Gymnasium Unterwaltersdorf .
Fields of activity
Main activities of the Congregation are the youth ministry / youth ministry and youth work / youth social work , but also the home education , the training , the youth education , the school education , the pastoral care of vocations , the Social Communication and the Mission .
Governance structure and nomenclature
| title | World level (generalata) | Provincial level (ispettoria) | House level (casa) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper | Superior general (rettor maggiore) | Provincial (ispettore) | Director (direttore) |
| Seat | Generalate (casa generalizia) | Provincialate (casa ispettoriale) | House (casa) |
| advice | General Council (consiglio generale) | Provincial Council (consiglio ispettoriale) | House Councilor (consiglio di casa) |
| Assembly | General chapter (capitolo generale) | Provincial chapter (capitolo ispettoriale) | Confreres meeting |
The nomenclature of offices and titles in Italian is based on the school system in the context of the founding history in the 19th century. Basically, therefore, neither the titles Provincial, Father or Brother correspond to the Salesian diction. Since the title inspector was to be conveyed for a school inspector in German-speaking countries , but not for a religious superior and there is no adequate translation for Don , which is commonly used as a priestly salutation in Italian , the designations were not adopted in these cases.
Coat of arms and logo of the religious order
The coat of arms was adopted while Don Bosco was still alive and consists of an anchor, a star and an inflamed heart for the three Christian virtues of faith, hope and love, as well as the figurative representation of the order's patron Francis de Sales and the symbolic representation of the order's founder, Don Bosco a landscape of forest ( bosco ) in front of mountains that signify perfection and striving; the emblem is Da mihi animas, caetera toll ( lat. "Give me the souls, take the rest", Gen 14.21 VUL - Gen 14.21 EU ).
The current logo of the congregation represents a combination of two long-established logos within the congregation, those of the German and Brazilian provinces, which were adopted independently of each other by other provinces in the respective region and beyond. The “German” component shows three stylized people in red, Don Bosco in the middle, connected with two children. If the arms symbolize a roof, the three people symbolize its pillars, symbolizing prevention through religion, reason and loving kindness, whereby red stands for love. “Brazilian” is the dynamic S- shaped path that stands for the order's name and patron, which is framed by a stylized heart reminiscent of a globe.
Don Bosco family
The women's order belonging to the Don Bosco family and also founded by Don Bosco is called the Don Bosco Sisters . The Salesian employees of Don Bosco were also founded by Don Bosco himself. Together with the members of the entire Salesian family, the Salesians of Don Bosco are characterized by a Salesian spirituality that goes back in its roots to Francis de Sales . In view of the saints and blessed of the Don Bosco family, there is a calendar for the Don Bosco family's own celebrations .
Media activity
ANS and Don Bosco Verlag
The Salesians of Don Bosco run an international news agency called “Agenzia iNfo Salesiana” (ANS). In Germany, the Don Bosco Verlag , which has existed since 1925, is located in Munich , which today operates as Don Bosco Medien GmbH together with a specialist bookstore and a printing company.
Bollettino Salesiano and Don Bosco magazine
The Salesians of Don Bosco publish the “Bollettino Salesiano” (German title: Don Bosco Magazin ) for the Don Bosco family by province or language group . This bulletin was first published in Italian in 1877, followed by the French edition in 1879, the Spanish edition in 1886 and the German edition in 1895. Today the magazine is available in 20 languages and around 50 different editions.
Missionary activity
history
On November 11, 1875, Don Bosco sent the first mission expedition to Argentina under the direction of Giovanni Cagliero , and on November 14, 1876 a second under the direction of Francesco Bodratto . Don Bosco sisters also traveled with the third expedition in 1877. From 1879 onwards, the focus of missionary work was on Patagonia . In 1884 Don Cagliero was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Patagonia. Always from Buenos Aires one went to Uruguay in 1876, to Brazil in 1883 and to Chile in 1887.
The aim of the Salesian missionary activity was also to protect the population from large landowners and to preserve the last remnants of their culture, in addition to the preaching of the faith. This is countered by the fact that the Salesian missions also contributed to the extinction of various Patagonian tribes, especially the Yámana , due to imported diseases. The fact that the rapprochement with sedentary and European ways of life, including the introduction of worn western clothing, increased this due to the lack of immunity to the pathogens contained therein, is recognized by the Salesanians of Don Bosco. They deny that they participated in the destruction of the ethnic unity and culture of different tribes - as claimed by Klaus Bednarz in his 2004 documentary At the End of the World: Journey from Tierra del Fuego to Patagonia . This also applies to the accusation that they contributed to the extinction of the Selk'nam (Ona) as an ethnic unit because they took the children away from the tribe and raised them as cultural “whites” in their schools. On the other hand, participation in military expeditions by governments (see, for example, General Julio Argentino Roca ) as military chaplains, while their missions pursue goals other than the government, is precarious .
Traditional areas of activity
In some earlier mission areas the Salesians of Don Bosco developed a long-term work. In particular, where they also provided the Apostolic Prelate or Vicar or the Bishop, they could have a lasting and deepened effect.
Magallanes-Islas Malvinas in Chile
In the area of today's diocese of Punta Arenas , the Salesians of Don Bosco with José Fagnano (1883–1916 Prefect), Abraham Aguilera Bravo (1916–1924 Vicar), Arturo Jara Márquez (1926–1938), Vladimiro Boric Crnosija (1949–1973 Bishop) , Tomás Osvaldo González Morales (1974–2006 bishop) and Bernardo Bastres Florence (since 2006) continuously the bishops.
Rio Negro and Mato Grosso in Brazil
Within Brazil, the Salesians of Don Bosco are particularly well represented in Rio Negro and Mato Grosso , where they have been entrusted with Indian pastoral care since Luigi Giuseppe Lasagna . Francisco de Aquino Correa and Antônio Malan served as bishops in these areas since 1914. In Mato Grosso they provide the bishops in the area of today's archbishopric of Cuiabá (since 1921) and Campo Grande (since the establishment in 1958) as well as the dioceses of Corumbá (since 1918 with interruptions) and Guiratinga (1914 to 2000). The same applies to the area of the Apostolic Prefecture of Rio Negro , established in 1914 , from which the present Archdiocese of Porto Velho (Salesian bishops until 1982) and the dioceses of São Gabriel da Cachoeira (established from 1981 to 2009) and Humaitá (1961-1998) emerged .
Méndez in Ecuador
Since 1895 Giacomo Costamagna was appointed the first Vicar Apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic Méndez y Gualaquiza , the Salesians of Don Bosco have held this office.
Río Negro and Neuquén in Argentina
Within Patagonia, the Salesians of Don Bosco are particularly strong in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén . In the area of the original diocese of Viedma , which was spun off from the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires in 1934 , they traditionally provide the bishops, for example in the suffragan dioceses of Viedma , Comodoro Rivadavia (until 2005) and Río Gallegos, as well as in the archdiocese of the Archdiocese of Bahía Blanca Mendoza belonging to the suffragan Neuquén .
Guangdong in China
In 1920 Aloisius Versiglia was appointed vicar of the Apostolic Vicariate Shiu Chow in the Guangdong region in southern China. After his martyrdom Ignazio Canazei (1930–1946 vicar) and Michele Alberto Arduino (1946–1962 bishop) were followed by other Salesians of Don Bosco. In 1962 the diocese was not reoccupied.
Assam, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal in India
In 1922 Louis Mathias became the first prefect of the Apostolic Prefecture of Assam in India, from which the Diocese of Shillong emerged in 1934 and since then has had Salesian bishops. In 1951 the Diocese of Dibrugarh followed and in 1995 the newly established Archdiocese of Guwahati with Thomas Menamparampil as Archbishop.
In 1928 Eugène Mederlet became Archbishop of Madras in the state of Tamil Nadu , followed by Louis Mathias, who then became Archbishop of the enlarged Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore in 1952 and remained so until 1965. Since 2005 the archbishopric has been occupied again by a Salesian from Don Bosco. Since 1934 the diocese of Krishnagar in the state of West Bengal has been continuously occupied by Salesians of Don Bosco as bishops.
Puerto Ayacucho in Venezuela
For the first time in 1932 a Salesian Don Bosco became prefect of Alto Orinoco in the state of Amazonas . Since 1953 the Salesians of Don Bosco have appointed the Vicar Apostolic in the resulting Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Ayacucho .
Sakania in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
In 1939 Joseph Sak became Vicar Apostolic of Sakania in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Even when it was made a diocese in 1959, it was often occupied by Salesians from Don Bosco.
Rajaburi in Thailand
In 1941 Gaétan Pasotti became Vicar Apostolic of Rajaburi . Since 1969 the diocese of Surat Thani was split off from this vicariate, the bishops there have been Salesians of Don Bosco, since 2004 Joseph Prathan Sridarunsil .
Tegucigalpa in Honduras
Since 1947, the Salesians of Don Boscos have been the archbishop of the traditional Archdiocese of Tegucigalpa . Currently (2015) this is Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga .
Paraguay
Since 1948 the Salesians of Don Bosco have provided the Vicar Apostolic of Chaco Paraguayo . In Coronel Oviedo they run an agricultural school where general educational content is taught.
Baku in Azerbaijan
Since 2000, the Salesians Don Boscos with Jozef Dniel Pravda (2000–2003), Ján Čapla (2003–2009) and Vladimir Fekete (since 2009) have been the superior in Azerbaijan in the “Sui Iuris” mission from Baku . The area previously belonged to the Apostolic Administration of the Caucasus , which was established in December 1993, and was promoted to the Apostolic Prefecture in 2011. Vladimir Fekete was also appointed titular bishop in December 2017.
Goal of the current activity
In 132 countries around the world, the religious order supports poor and socially disadvantaged young people as well as street children and child soldiers through school lessons, vocational training and youth work - regardless of their beliefs or nationality.
Missionary procuration
The worldwide aid projects are coordinated by several missionary procurations.
- German Province (Germany and German-speaking Switzerland)
The mission procurations of the German Province are in Bonn and - for Switzerland - in Beromünster .
From 1978 to 2003 Father Karl Oerder directed and shaped the Bonn Mission Procuration, from 2003 to 2012 the friar Jean Paul Muller headed the “Don Bosco Misson” before he was called to Rome as General Economist. Father Clemens Schliermann has been Mission Procurator and Nelson Penedo Managing Director since 2012. The association Don Bosco Mondo eV is closely connected to the German mission procuration.
The Swiss Don Bosco Mission is called "Vereinigung Don Bosco Werk". The current mission procurator is Father Anton Rogger. An associated support association is the youth welfare service in Latin America .
- Austrian Province
The Austrian mission procurator in Vienna is headed by Provincial Petrus Obermüller as chairman and by Father Bernhard Maier (predecessor: Father Josef Keler) as mission procurator and managing director of the Don Bosco Mission Austria association. This association collects donations for Don Bosco projects worldwide. The independent association Jugend Eine Welt - Don Bosco Aktion Österreich supports Don Bosco projects worldwide.
- Worldwide
There are also four other coordination centers in Madrid, Turin, Rome and New Rochelle / USA.
Work of the Don Bosco Mission in Bonn
Worldwide, the Don Bosco Mission in Bonn supports around 700 projects for young people every year, regardless of skin color, gender, origin, belief and social status. The Don Bosco Mission works on-site with the young people affected in educational programs, apprenticeships and street children's centers. The Salesian institutions are known primarily for their focus on vocational training and their work with street children. Commitment and care for young people, especially for the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged, are in the foreground. The basis of the work is the educational concept of Don Bosco, the pedagogy of prevention. The funded aid projects are financed through donations, fundraising and contributions from various Christian aid organizations and dioceses, e. B. Misereor , Papal Children's Fund . Together with a coordination office in Munich, the Don Bosco Mission in Bonn, as the largest church provider of places for international voluntary service, sends and accompanies the Don Bosco volunteers .
Don Bosco Foundation Center
The Salesians of Don Bosco in Germany maintain a Don Bosco Foundation Center as a legal framework for fiduciary foundations to promote their work at home and abroad, which has been recognized by the government of Upper Bavaria as a public foundation under civil law with legal capacity since January 31, 2001 and dated Tax office Munich for corporations because of the promotion of youth welfare and education was tax exempt.
Branches and facilities
German province
Of the current 32 institutions in the German province, 14 are in the federal state of Bavaria, three in the new federal states, one in German-speaking Switzerland:
| place | founding | Tasks (selection) | Confreres | Diocese | state |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aschau am Inn | 1950 | Waldwinkel vocational training center , parish pastoral care | Yes | Munich and Freising | Bavaria |
| augsburg | 1962 | Pastoral care, association work | belong to Munich provincial council | augsburg | Bavaria |
| Bamberg | 1919 (1931) | St. Josefsheim, Canisiusheim, day nurseries, youth social work | belong to Pfaffendorf | Bamberg | Bavaria |
| Benediktbeuern | 1930 | Action center Benediktbeuern, Philosophical-Theological University Benediktbeuern (closed), youth pastoral institute , youth hostel, center for environment and culture , institute for Salesian spirituality, parish pastoral care | Yes | augsburg | Bavaria |
| Berlin | 1955 | Youth social work, parish pastoral care, youth guesthouse, artist pastoral care | Yes | Berlin | Berlin |
| Beromünster (Switzerland) | 1959 | Guest house, boarding school, youth pastoral care , mission procuration , parish pastoral care | Yes | Basel | Canton lucerne |
| Bonn | 1969 | Mission procuration , parish pastoral care | Yes | Cologne | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Burgstädt | 1992 | Vocational rehabilitation, preparation and training | No | Dresden-Meissen | Saxony |
| Buxheim | 1926 | Boarding school Marianum Buxheim (until summer 2011), youth pastoral care, school pastoral care, parish pastoral care | Yes | augsburg | Bavaria |
| Calhorn | 1977 | Youth education center, parish pastoral care | Yes | Muenster | Lower Saxony |
| Chemnitz | 1991 | Open door, pastoral care | Yes | Dresden-Meissen | Saxony |
| Ensdorf | 1920 | Youth education center, parish pastoral care, dean's youth pastoral care | Yes | regensburg | Bavaria |
| Essen - Borbeck | 1921 | Don-Bosco-Gymnasium Essen , open door, parish pastoral care | Yes | eat | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Forchheim | 1964 | Youth hostel, youth hostel, parish pastoral care | Yes | Bamberg | Bavaria |
| Hanover | 1950 | Parish pastoral care, school pastoral care | Yes | Hildesheim | Lower Saxony |
| Heiligenstadt | 1992 | Open youth work, youth social work, school social work | Yes | Erfurt | Thuringia |
| Helenenberg | 1926 | Youth welfare, vocational preparation and training | Yes | trier | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Jünkerath | 1953 | Youth education center, guest house, school social work, help with education | Yes | trier | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| kassel | 1936 | Parish pastoral care | belong to Heiligenstadt | Fulda | Hesse |
| Cologne | 1964 | Open door, pastoral care | Yes | Cologne | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Constancy | 1954 | Parish pastoral care, dean's youth pastoral care | belong to Beromünster | Freiburg | Baden-Württemberg |
| Mainz | 1987 | Pastoral care for emigrants | belong to Bonn | Mainz | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Mettenheim | 1992 | professional qualification | No | Munich and Freising | Bavaria |
| Munich | 1919 | Provincial office, parish pastoral care, including the holiday home in Rimsting , youth hostel, daycare center, youth hostel | Yes | Munich and Freising | Bavaria |
| Nuremberg | 1962 | Youth hostel, open youth work, daycare center, parish | belong to Forchheim | Bamberg | Bavaria |
| Pfaffendorf | 1954 | Curative educational home Schloss Pfaffendorf , special educational support centers, parish pastoral care | Yes | Wurzburg | Bavaria |
| regensburg | 1923 | Youth welfare, youth hostel, youth meeting point | Yes | regensburg | Bavaria |
| Sannerz | 1947 | Youth welfare center | Yes | Fulda | Hesse |
| Stuttgart | 1999 | City youth pastoral care, school pastoral care | Yes | Rottenburg-Stuttgart | Baden-Württemberg |
| trier | 1947 | Open door, pastoral care | Yes | trier | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Vilsbiburg | 2005 | Pilgrimage pastoral care at the Maria Hilf pilgrimage church | belong to Aschau-Waldwinkel | regensburg | Bavaria |
| Wurzburg | 1916 | Vocational training center, parish pastoral care | Yes | Wurzburg | Bavaria |
The confreres of the former Velbert branch who are still active in pastoral care belong to the Essen-Borbeck branch.
Former institutions were also in Amberg (1930–1937), Bad Neustadt an der Saale (1953–1980), Bendorf - Sayn (1949–1999?), Bochum (1949–1950), Burghausen (1920–1986), Duisburg ( 1953–1983), Freyung (1919–1931), Furtwangen , ski boarding school (1962–2010), Hannover-Ricklingen (1950–1976), Kempten (Allgäu) (1956–1998?), Mannheim (1949–1977), Marienhausen ( 1924–1991), Memmingen (1966–1984), Neunkirchen-Seelscheid ( Antoniuskolleg , 1957 (1962) -2014), Passau (1919–1950), Saarbrücken (1953–1979), Stockholm / Södertälje in Sweden (1930–2008) and Wiesbaden (1927-1970).
In 2012 the Munich-Provinzialat and Munich-Salesianum branches were merged to form the Munich branch.
Austrian Province
In the Austrian province there are 11 branches of the Salesians of Don Bosco, namely in Amstetten (city parish), Fulpmes (student home), Graz (parish), Klagenfurt (parishes and student home), Linz (parishes), Timelkam (parish), Don Bosco Unterwaltersdorf grammar school in Ebreichsdorf , the Don Bosco parish church with a student hostel in Vienna 3 , Vienna 13 (provincial office and Don Bosco house), Vienna 22 (parish) and Vienna 23 (parish). The Salesians of Don Bosco are in the Austrian province - next to the association Jugend Eine Welt and the Don Bosco Sisters - one of the supporting organizations of the Don Bosco refugee organization , which is active throughout Austria and which takes care of unaccompanied minor refugees - “umF” for short. As the association “Don Bosco Mission Austria”, the mission procuration of the Salesians Don Bosco in Austria collects donations for projects as emergency aid all over the world.
people
List of Superiors General
| was standing | Name (first name national language) | birth | origin | Beginning of the term of office | Term expires | death | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. | Johannes Bosco (Giovanni) | 1815 | Italy | 1859 | 1888 | 1888 |
|
| Sel. | Michael Rua (Michele) | 1837 | Italy | 1888 | 1910 | 1910 |
|
| Paul Albera (Paolo) | 1845 | Italy | 1910 | 1921 | 1921 | ||
| Sel. | Philipp Rinaldi (Filippo) | 1856 | Italy | 1922 | 1931 | 1931 | |
| Peter Ricaldone (Pietro) | 1870 | Italy | 1932 | 1951 | 1951 | ||
| Renatus Ziggiotti (Renato) | 1892 | Italy | 1952 | 1965 | 1983 | ||
| Alois Ricceri (Luigi) | 1901 | Italy | 1965 | 1977 | 1989 | ||
| Aegidius Viganò (Egidio) | 1920 | Italy | 1977 | 1995 | 1995 | ||
| Johannes E. Vecchi (Juan E.) | 1931 | Argentina | 1996 | 2002 | 2002 | ||
| Pascual Chavez Villanueva | 1947 | Mexico | 2002 | 2014 |
|
||
| Ángel Fernández Artime | 1960 | Spain | 2014 |
|
List of provincials in German-speaking countries
- Austro-Hungarian Province (1905-1919)
- P. Emanuele Manassero , 1905-1911
- P. Pietro Tirone , 1911-1919
- (Austrian-) German-Hungarian Province (1919–1926)
- P. August Hlond , 1919-1922
- P. Franz Xaver Niedermayer , 1922–1926
- Austrian-German Province (1926–1935)
- P. Franz Xaver Niedermayer , 1926–1935
- German Province (1935–1954)
- P. Franz Xaver Niedermayer , 1935–1941
- P. Theodor Seelbach , 1941-1949
- P. Johannes Greiner , 1949–1954
- Austrian Province (1935-present)
- P. Georg Wagner , 1935-1949
- P. Georg Nitsch , 1949–1961
- P. Gerhard Grieb , 1961–1967
- P. Franz Penz , 1967–1972
- P. Josef Pitzl , 1972–1978
- P. Ludwig Schwarz , 1978–1984
- P. Josef Keler , 1984-1996
- P. Josef Vösl , 1996-2002
- P. Franz Woess , 2002-2008
- P. Rudolf Osanger , 2008-14. August 2014
- P. Petrus Obermüller , from August 15, 2014
- North German Province (1954-2005)
- P. Theodor Seelbach , 1954-1958
- P. Alfons Martin , 1958-1964
- P. Wilhelm Diebold , 1964-1970
- Father Karl Oerder , 1970–1978, then until 2003 mission procurator and founding director of Don Bosco Mission
- P. Josef Opper , 1978–1984
- P. Reinhard Helbing , 1984-1990
- P. Georg Demming , 1990-1999
- P. Meinolf von Spee , 1999-2005
- South German Province (1954-2005)
- P. Johannes Greiner , 1954-1958
- P. Alois Leinfelder , 1958-1967
- P. Franz Burger , 1967-1973
- P. Richard Feuerlein , 1973–1979
- P. August Brecheisen , 1979-1991
- P. Herbert Bihlmayer , 1991-2003
- P. Josef Grünner , 2003-2005
- German Province (2005-present)
- P. Josef Grünner , 2005–2017
- P. Reinhard Gesing , 2017 – to date
Well-known Salesians (international)
- Cardinal Giovanni Cagliero , cardinal since 1920 († 1926)
- Cardinal August Hlond , Polish primate , cardinal since 1927 († 1948)
- Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez , Archbishop of Santiago de Chile , cardinal since 1962 († 1999)
- Cardinal Štěpán Trochta , cardinal since 1969 († 1974)
- Cardinal Miguel Obando Bravo , Archbishop Emeritus of Managua , Cardinal since 1985
- Cardinal Rosalio Castillo Lara , Curia Cardinal , Cardinal since 1985 († 2007)
- Cardinal Antonio María Javierre Ortas , Cardinal of the Curia since 1988 († 2007)
- Cardinal Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga , Archbishop of Tegucigalpa , cardinal since 2001
- Cardinal Antonio Ignacio Velasco García , Archbishop of Caracas († 2003)
- Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone , Vatican State Secretary (since 2006), Cardinal since 2003
- Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun , Archbishop of Hong Kong , cardinal since 2005
- Cardinal Raffaele Farina , Cardinal of the Curia since 2007
- Cardinal Angelo Amato , Curial Cardinal since 2010 and Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints
- Cardinal Ricardo Ezzati Andrello , Archbishop of Santiago de Chile , cardinal since 2014
- Cardinal Charles Maung Bo , Archbishop of Yangon , cardinal since 2015
- Cardinal Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet , Archbishop of Montevideo , cardinal since 2015
- Archbishop Claude Eugène Méderlet , Archbishop of Madras (since 1928, † 1934)
- Archbishop Ismael Blas Rolón Silvero , em. Archbishop of Asunción (since 1970, † 2010)
- Archbishop Thomas Menamparampil , Archbishop of Guwahati (since 1995)
- Archbishop Calogero La Piana , Archbishop of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela (since 2006)
- Bishop Vincenzo Cimatti (1879–1965), missionary to Japan
- Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo , 1996 Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former Apostolic Administrator of Dili
- Bishop Adrianus Herman van Luyn , Bishop of Rotterdam
- Bishop Vartán Waldir Boghossian , Armenian Catholic Bishop in Brazil
- Father Alberto Maria De Agostini , missionary and researcher
- Father Pio Scilligo , psychologist (university professor and institute founder )
Well-known Salesians (German speaking)
As a bishop:
- Cardinal Alfons Maria Stickler , Curia Cardinal , Cardinal since 1985 († 2007)
- Archbishop Alois Kothgasser , Archbishop of Salzburg from 2003 to 2014 , also Primate Germaniae and born papal legate during these times .
- Bishop Ludwig Schwarz , Bishop of Linz
- Bishop Stefan Oster , Bishop of Passau
As mission bishop:
- Bishop Josef Domitrovitsch , mission bishop in Argentina
- Bishop Friedrich Heimler , Mission Bishop in Brazil († 2018)
As a missionary:
- Rudolf Lunkenbein (Brazil), Josef Thannhuber (Brazil), Alois Würstle (Brazil), Georg Schwarz (China, Philippines)
As directors and facility managers:
- Edmund Johannes Lutz (Don-Bosco-Verlag), Georg Söll (Benediktbeuern), Michael Spitz (Munich), Johannes Lechermann (Burghausen, Ensdorf, Benediktbeuern), Theodor Hartz (Essen-Borbeck, Benediktbeuern)
As a university professor:
- Lothar Bily (fundamental theology), Anton Bodem (dogmatics), Peter Boekholt ( canon law), Karl Bopp (pastoral theology), Alois Kothgasser (dogmatics), Johannes Lechermann (moral theology), Horacio E. Lona (biblical studies), Raimund Luschin (moral theology), Stefan Oster (dogmatics), Johannes Perk (biblical studies), Jacques Schepens (religious education and catechetics), Ottmar Schoch (psychology), Georg Söll (dogmatics), Michael Spitz (religious education and homiletics), Otto Wahl (Old Testament), Leo Weber ( Church and art history)
Due to the previous job:
Allegations of abuse and consequences
In the course of the discussion about sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church since the end of January 2010, the Salesians of Don Bosco in Germany were also affected by allegations of abuse. The public perceived allegations regarding a former home in Augsburg, a former apprentice and student home in Berlin-Wannsee and a former boarding school in Bendorf. After cases of abuse became known, a working group made up of internal and external persons was set up, which regularly published interim reports. The third interim report lists 62 reports from those affected from the 1950s onwards; 28 of them related to sexual assaults of varying severity. The reported cases also include those that were already known and convicted under criminal law. The third interim report already contains some consequences for the work in the facilities . After Günther Schatz, a representative for current cases of sexual abuse, had already been appointed in 2003, who, in accordance with the guidelines of the German Bishops' Conference on the procedure for sexual abuse of minors , was supposed to accompany the work of the order's own institutions as an external expert and contact person, now in every Salesian institution a person of trust named as contact person. In the future, educational and management teams will be obliged to regularly reflect on the subject of abuse and mistreatment at their team meetings, in supervision and at conferences. Anyone who wants to join the religious community or who works as an employee of the Salesians in work with children and young people needs an extended certificate of good conduct. In addition, during the probationary period as a staff member or in the preparatory phase for entering the order, particular attention should be paid to personal maturity and social skills. The sensitization of employees as well as young people is to be promoted through holistic educational offers. Further reports by the working group are dated February 23, 2011 and March 26, 2012. By February 2011, 120 incidents had been received that relate to the period from 1950 to the 1980s. Around half of the allegations relate to physical violence, half to sexual assault of varying severity. In some cases religious pressure is also criticized. By March 2012, only a few more cases had been reported to the working group. The focus of their work has therefore concentrated on accompanying those affected, on processing and prevention measures in the provincial institutions. In November 2019, the American television broadcaster CNN published a documentary about massive abuse by a religious in the Central African Republic, whose pedophile history was known to the Order. In the documentation, the author Patrick Wale claims that the Salesians have "the highest percentage of perpetrators of any religious order across the world". According to the report, the causes are the focus on the youth work of the order, combined with its special position within the Roman church, which allows it not to inform about cases of abuse.
See also
- Marathon Foundation , Salesian Youth Movement
- Salesians (disambiguation)
literature
- Stanislaw Zimniak: Salesiani nella Central Europe. Preistoria e storia della provincia Austro-Ungarica della Società di S. Francesco di Sales (1868 approx. - 1919). Istituto Storico Salesiano Roma, Studi. Vol. 10. LAS, Rome 1997, ISBN 88-213-0359-4 .
- Morand Wirth: Because Don Bosco ai nostri giorni. Tra storia e nuove sfide (1815-2000). Rome 2000. ISBN 88-213-0454-X .
- Norbert Wolff : Many roads lead to Germany. Reflections on Salesian History from 1883–1922. Benediktbeurer Hochschulschriften, vol. 15. Don Bosco, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-7698-1264-6 .
- Norbert Wolff: Salesians of Don Bosco. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria . November 23, 2015, accessed December 20, 2015 .
Web links
- Salesians of Don Bosco worldwide
- German province of the Salesians of Don Bosco
- Austrian province of the Salesians of Don Bosco
- The Don Bosco family in Switzerland
- Don Bosco Mission in Bonn
- Don Bosco Medien GmbH in Munich
- News Agency of the Salesians Don Bosco (ANS)
- Link catalog on the topic of Salesians Don Bosco at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Institute for Salesian Spirituality
- Materials on the subject of religious vocation with the opportunity to ask questions in the vocation forum (Salesians Don Boscos)
- Don Bosco refugee agency
- Don Bosco Mondo youth welfare worldwide
Individual evidence
- ^ Minutes of the meeting of Don Alasonatti
- ↑ See for all the figures in this section Morand Wirth: Da Don Bosco ai nostri giorni. Rome 2000, pp. 529-532.
- ↑ Statistics on statisticsal
- ↑ Statistics on statisticsal
- ↑ As of December 31, 2009
- ↑ As of December 31, 2014
- ↑ Klaus Witt City: church and state in the 20th century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 453–478 and 1304 f., Here: pp. 455–458: The Church Development under Bishop Ferdinand Schlör (1898–1924). P. 457.
- ↑ Klaus Witt City: church and state in the 20th century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 2007, pp. 453–478 and 1304 f., Here: pp. 458–463: The era of people's and resistance bishop Matthias Ehrenfried (1924–1948). P. 462.
- ↑ All figures refer to December 31, 2005
- ^ Salesians: Delighted in the appointment of Petrus Obermüller SDB as Provincial
- ↑ Description on iss.donbosco.de (PDF) and description on sdb.org (Italian)
- ↑ Description on sdb.org (Italian)
- ↑ Adele Sinn: The writing of the Yanomami: a bilingual and intercultural school model. 2006, p. 257.
- ↑ Christoph Renzikowski: It began on Ash Wednesday. KNA, kath.net, February 26, 2010 ( online )
- ↑ Third report of the Don Bosco Salesians working group to investigate allegations of sexual abuse and mistreatment. of March 31, 2010 ( online , PDF file)
- ^ Report of the working group to clarify mistreatment and abuse. from February 23, 2011 ( online , PDF file)
- ^ Report of the working group to clarify mistreatment and abuse. of March 26, 2012 ( online , PDF file)
- ↑ [1] , seen 2019-11-22.