Forbach (Moselle)
| Forbach | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Moselle | |
| Arrondissement | Forbach-Boulay-Moselle | |
| Canton | Forbach (main town) | |
| Community association | Forbach Porte de France | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 11 ′ N , 6 ° 54 ′ E | |
| height | 192-388 m | |
| surface | 16.32 km 2 | |
| Residents | 21,552 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 1,321 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 57600 | |
| INSEE code | 57227 | |
| Website | www.mairie-forbach.fr | |
 Forbach, view of the Schlossberg (also called Kappelberg) with the Saareck tower |
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Forbach (pronunciation in French [ fɔʀ'bak ], German [ 'foʁbax ], Lorraine. Fuerboch ) is a French town in the Moselle department in the Grand Est region (until 2016 Lorraine ).
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Forbach is the capital of the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle arrondissement and the canton of Forbach and is the third largest city in the Moselle department with 21,552 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017). The city is the seat of a sub-prefecture.
The inhabitants of Forbach are called Forbachois (es) in French (pronunciation: fɔʁba'kwa (z) ) and Forbacher in German ; their nicknames are “Die Kappelberger” (due to the name of Forbach's local mountain Kappelberg / Schlossberg) and “Die Eckesteher”.
geography
Forbach is located in the western part of the Saar coal basin (see mining in Saarland ) on a tributary of the Rossel at the foot of the Schlossberg.
A main European traffic axis runs here. The city center of Forbach is about 5 km from the German border, which forms the boundary of the Saarland state capital Saarbrücken . Forbach is located in the Warndt and is around 60 km from Metz and around 90 km from Luxembourg (city) .
Neighboring communities of Forbach are Saarbrücken (D, Gersweiler district ) in the north, Schœneck and Stiring-Wendel in the northeast, Spicheren and Etzling in the east, Behren-lès-Forbach in the southeast, Œting in the south, Morsbach in the southwest, Großrosseln (D, Saarland ) to the west and Petite-Rosselle to the northwest.
history
Forbach was a Lorraine fiefdom in the Middle Ages with a castle on the Kappelberg / Schlossberg as the mansion. The castle complex, which stands on the remains of the foundations of a former Roman temple and of which ruins are still preserved, was razed under Louis XIV . The Gothic Holy Cross Chapel on the nearby Kreuzberg, which was renovated in the 13th century, is engraved with "957".
In the Middle Ages, the Forbach lordship was successively owned by various noble families, whose male members often served as mercenaries for the city of Metz . The lands had once belonged to St. Vitonus Abbey in Verdun . The families Sierck, Daun-Falkenstein , Hohenfels are named as owners . Leiningen and Eberstein . In 1717 and 1757 the owners were elevated to the status of count .
From 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War , the place belonged to the realm of Alsace-Lorraine and was the administrative seat of the Forbach district . In the garrison of Forbach in 1871 was a squadron of the 5th Bavarian Chevaulegers -Regiments stationed. In 1861 Forbach had 4860 inhabitants. Around 1900 Forbach had a Protestant and a Catholic church, a synagogue , a Progymnasium and was the seat of a local court .
After the First World War , Forbach came under the provisions of the Versailles Treaty, along with Lorraine and Alsace, to France. During the Second World War , the region was occupied by the German Wehrmacht . After the war ended, the region was repossessed by France.
In the immediate vicinity of the Lorraine regional mining center Forbach, the operators of the coal mines in the "Lorraine coal basin" ( Bassin de Lorraine ) built numerous larger settlements for the coal and steel workers in the mid-1950s. One of the most extensive settlements for workers with a North African migration background was built in Farébersviller ( German Pfarrebersweiler ). The village-like structure, located between Forbach and Freyming-Merlebach , had around 600 inhabitants in 1954. After the construction of large workers' settlements, the population grew to a maximum of 8,450 inhabitants (1962).
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 5428 | in 698 buildings, including 306 Protestants , three Mennonites and 261 Israelites |
| 1872 | 5691 | |
| 1890 | 9575 | |
| 1900 | 8207 | with the garrison (a train battalion No. 16), mostly Catholic residents |
| 1905 | 8628 | |
| 1910 | 10,107 |
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 21,704 | 23,120 | 25,244 | 27,187 | 27,076 | 22,784 | 21,595 |
In addition to the original population of Forbach and immigrants of Polish, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese origin, numerous people of Maghrebian origin live in Forbach and the surrounding area, with ancestors from the former French North Africa (today parts of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Libya). They were recruited as workers by the East Lorraine coal and steel industry, which was flourishing at the time . Mostly of the Muslim faith, they and their descendants formed partially isolated societies that are still not fully integrated into Lorraine society today. Due to their central location in newly created high-rise areas, a certain ghettoization took place , which caused tensions and social problems or made them visible.
The immigrant workers and their families were predominantly Muslim. In the 1970s, they built their own cultural center with a mosque that could be seen from afar , a unique situation in eastern France.
Culture and sights
Well-known sights are the Forbach Castle and the Holy Cross Chapel . In addition, the Protestant parish church is worth seeing because of its numerous architectural and stylistic features.
Gothic Holy Cross Chapel (13th century)
Downtown, Rue Nationale
Downtown, Rue Nationale
Forbach national stage "Le Carreau - Scène Nationale de Forbach et de l'Est mosellan"
The ruins of the medieval castle on the Kappelberg / Schlossberg were bought for private use by the Forbach industrialist Gustav Jacob Adt in 1886 and then redesigned into a private park. The foundation walls of the Forbach castle ruins were uncovered in a six-year archaeological excavation by Forbach high school professor Max Besler. Then in 1891 the Metz cathedral builder and Lorraine monument conservator Paul Tornow was commissioned to manage the construction of a historicizing new construction of the medieval castle tower, the round foundation walls of which had been exposed during the excavation. Tornow put a neo-Gothic octagonal lookout tower on the round foundation walls and built a neo-Gothic ballroom next to it. The facility was named "Saareck". Around two hundred meters below the Saareck facility, Gustav Jakob Adt had the so-called "Burghof" built as an agricultural manor in the medieval-historic style between 1901 and 1906. In honor of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , he also had a monument erected in the palace gardens. The entire complex on the Schloßberg was expropriated after the defeat of the German Empire in World War II and is currently owned by the city of Forbach. The so-called "Burghof" is used today as the event and conference center of the city of Forbach.
The Forbach national stage " Le Carreau - Scène Nationale de Forbach et de l'Est mosellan" is one of the 70 French national theaters. The Bertolt Brecht -Saal the Forbacher national stage with 662 seats one of the largest and best equipped in the theaters in Lorraine. The stage opening is approx. 25 m wide and 18 m high. The Heiner Müller Hall is equipped with a flexible grandstand with 104 to 120 seats.
Sacred buildings
Forbach is predominantly Catholic and belongs to the diocese of Metz , but there is also a Protestant Lutheran church and a former synagogue in the city.
The Forbacher Remigiuskirche is the largest church in the village and was built between 1866 and 1868 by the Saargemünder architect Charles Desgranges. It replaces a previous church that had become too small for the town's increased population as a result of industrialization . The neo-early Gothic sacred building was inaugurated on October 21, 1868 by the Metz bishop Paul Dupont des Loges . The patronage of St. Remigius of Reims reminiscent of the Reims bishop who at the turn of the fifth to the sixth century the previously pagan Frankish king Clovis I was baptizing. Since the church and the site were largely spared major destruction during the First World War , a statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was erected in front of the portal as a votive offering in 1923 . When the statue was to be melted down for war purposes in World War II in 1943 , there were protests by the Forbach population, so the German occupiers refrained from the action. However, five of the four bells of the tower bell had to be handed in by St. Remigius. In 1949 the melted down bells could be replaced by new castings. The Remigius Church was restored in 1988 and 1995. Repair work on the current gallery organ from 1964 was carried out between 1998 and 2000. The organ is the work of Theo Haerpfer from Boulay .
Economy and Infrastructure
Cross-border economic region
As neighboring border towns, Saarbrücken and Forbach have decided on an exemplary Europe-wide cooperation. With the creation of the common cross-border industrial area of the Eurozone Saarbrücken-Forbach on an area of around 100 hectares (= 1 km²), a sign was set for the economic convergence in a united Europe. The cross-border commercial and service park was and is financially supported by the European Union and developed and marketed jointly by the cities of Saarbrücken and Forbach.
Kreutzberg transmitter
On the Kreutzberg (380 meters) belonging to Forbach there is a transmission system for VHF radio and French television (spire: 455 meters).
traffic
Rail transport
Forbach station on the Saarbrücken – Rémilly railway line is on the ( Paris -) Metz - Saarbrücken (- Kaiserslautern - Mannheim - Frankfurt (Main) ) railway corridor . The Paris – Lorraine line ( LGV Est européenne ) has been expanded as a high-speed line . As part of these acceleration measures, the station has been adapted to requirements since summer 2006. On September 16, 2006 was ICE 3MF in the name of Forbach-Lorraine baptized. Since June 2007, ICE trains on the Frankfurt (Main) –Paris route have stopped in Forbach once a day.
In addition, regional trains run hourly to Metz and several times a day to Saarbrücken.
Local transport
Several bus lines operate in the city and the surrounding area as well as across the German-French border into the urban area of Saarbrücken, most of which go to the Forbach bus station (at Forbach train station):
| No. | operated by Forbus |
| 1 | Brême d'Or - Petite-Rosselle |
| 2 | Habsterdick - Lycée Blaise Pascal |
| 3 | Bellevue - Forbach Gare Routière - Wiesberg |
| 4th | Bruch - Forbach Gare Routière - Wiesberg |
| 5 | Schœneck - Forbach Gare Routière - Œting |
| 6th | Petite Forêt - Forbach Gare Routière |
| 7th | Behren - Forbach Gare Routière |
| 8th | Alsting - Spicheren - Etzling - Forbach Gare Routière |
| 11 | Petite-Rosselle - Petite-Rosselle |
| No. | cross-border, operated jointly with Saarbahn GmbH |
| 30th | Forbach Gare Routière - Brême d'Or - Exhibition Center - Saarbrücken Central Station |
Road traffic
The 15-kilometer A320 car route , which connects the A4 ( Strasbourg- Metz) car route near Freyming-Merlebach with the A 6 at the Goldene Bremm border crossing near Saarbrücken, runs directly through the city . There the ends Route nationale 3 of Paris- de Porte Pantin , once a part of the under Napoleon Bonaparte developed imperial road to Mainz .
politics
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The mayor of Forbach has been the socialist Laurent Kalinowski ( Parti Socialiste <PS>) since 2008 . He ran in the 2014 local elections against his rival Florian Philippot ( Front National <FN>) and won a runoff election on March 30, 2014 with 47.73 percent clearly against Philippot (35 percent).
Town twinning
- Since 1964 there has been a twinning with the Mittelstadt Völklingen , the fourth largest city in Saarland, and since 2011 with the Italian city Ravanusa in Sicily.
Sports
The city's best-known sports club is Union Sportive, founded in 1909 . From 1957 to 1966 their footballers even played in the French second division . They hold their home meetings in the Stade du Schlossberg .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Fischart (1546–1591), early New High German poet, died in Forbach
- Jean-Nicolas Houchard (1738–1793), French general
- Elias Stein (1748–1812), Dutch chess player
- Karl August von Zweibriicken (1784-1812), from the house of Wittelsbach -derived Baron and Bavarian officer
- Mendel Beer (1788–1870), merchant and verifiably first Jew in the city of St. Ingbert
- Adolf Sengel (1869–1944), German professor of electrical engineering
- Sofie Christmann (1883–1944), German politician
- Hans Adt (1888–1980), German paper industrialist
- Leo Klauber (1890–1935), German general practitioner and activist of the Red Aid in Germany
- August Hoff (1892–1971), German art historian
- Thor Goote (1899–1940), German writer and aeronautical engineer
- Gustav Willhaus (1910–1945), German SS-Obersturmführer and concentration camp commandant of the Lemberg-Janowska forced labor camp
- Alphonse Rolland (1919–2012), football player
- Patrick Barth (* 1949), soccer goalkeeper, goalkeeper and soccer coach
- Lulu Reinhardt (1951–2014), jazz guitarist
- Hono Winterstein (* 1962), jazz guitarist
- Popots Winterstein (* 1964), jazz guitarist
- Patricia Kaas (* 1966), singer
- Céline Géraud (* 1968), judoka, television presenter and sports journalist
- Régis Sauder (* 1971), documentary filmmaker
- Christian Bauer (* 1977), chess master
- Timbo Mehrstein (* 1977), jazz musician
- Mike Reinhardt (* 1977), jazz musician
- Gennaro Bracigliano (* 1980), football player
- Ludovic Guerriero (* 1985), football player
- Samir Louadj (* 1985), French-Algerian football player
- Arnaud Anastasowa (* 1988), French-Bulgarian football player
- Smail Morabit (* 1988), French-Moroccan football player
- Anthony Caci (born 1997), French football player
People who worked on site
- Anton Gapp (1766–1833), French Catholic priest and founder of an order of sisters in Homburg (Saar) ; moved the mother house of his order to Forbach in 1821, died here in 1833 and was also buried here
literature
- Forbach , in: Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaft und Künste (JS Verlag and JG Gruber, eds.), Volume 25, FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1847, pp. 211-212 ( online ).
- Hans Adt: From my life and the history of the company Gebr. Adt, Bad Orb 1978.
- Max Besler: The Forbach dialect and its French components, Forbach 1900.
- Max Besler: History of the castle, the manor and the city of Forbach, o.O. 1913.
- Ewald Crusius: The changes in population density in the Lorraine districts of Forbach and Saargemünd 1801–1910, Metz 1913.
- Henri Wilmin: Les Adt et leurs industries, special print from: Annales de l'Est 13 (1962) 3, in German version and under German title: Hans Adt (ed.), Axel Polletti (transl.), Henri Wilmin: Die Familie Adt in Forbach, Bad Orb 1979.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cercle The Furbacher. In: Histoire locale de Forbach. No. 62, 2008.
- ↑ a b c Eugen H. Th. Huhn: German-Lothringen. Landes-, Volks- und Ortskunde , Stuttgart 1875, pp. 376–377 ( online ).
- ^ A b c Georg Lang (ed.): The government district of Lorraine. Statistical-topographical manual, administrative schematic and address book , Metz 1874, p. 129 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Forbach , in: Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaft und Künste (JS Verlag and JG Gruber, eds.), Volume 25, FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1847, pp. 211-212 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c d M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 6, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p. 754 ( online )
- ^ Complete geographic-topographical-statistical local lexicon of Alsace-Lorraine. Contains: the cities, towns, villages, castles, communities, hamlets, mines and steel works, farms, mills, ruins, mineral springs, etc. with details of the geographical location, factory, industrial and other commercial activity, the post, railway u. Telegraph stations and the like historical notes etc. Adapted from official sources by H. Rudolph. Louis Zander, Leipzig 1872, Sp. 16 ( online )
- ↑ Max Besler: History of the castle, the rule and the city of Forbach, o. O. 1913.
- ↑ http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un-forbachois.net%2FSite2004%2FForbach%2FDie_Furbaren%2FDocuments%2FRemi.pdf , accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ^ Régie des Transports de l'Agglomération Forbach Porte de France: Plan de Reseau. Status 2011.
- ↑ 3sat.de
- ↑ saarbruecker-zeitung.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Saarbrücker Zeitung Online accessed on March 31, 2014
Web links
- Forbach im Annuaire Mairie (French list of municipalities)
- Forbach website (French)
- Forbach in old views (French)