Bad Bergzabern
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Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ' N , 8 ° 0' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Rhineland-Palatinate | |
| County : | Southern Wine Route | |
| Association municipality : | Bad Bergzabern | |
| Height : | 170 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 10.71 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 8285 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 774 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 76887 | |
| Area code : | 06343 | |
| License plate : | SOUTH | |
| Community key : | 07 3 37 005 | |
| Association administration address: | Königstrasse 61 76887 Bad Bergzabern |
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| Website : | ||
| City Mayor : | Hermann Augspurger (FWG) | |
| Location of the city of Bad Bergzabern in the district of Südliche Weinstrasse | ||
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Bad Bergzabern ( Palatinate Berchzawwre ) is a city in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Südliche Weinstrasse and, measured by the number of inhabitants - after Herxheim - its second largest local community. The city is the administrative seat of the association of the same name and a state-approved spa . As the smallest city, it is also a member of the Rhineland-Palatinate City Council . According to state planning, it is designated as a medium-sized center.
geography
location
Bad Bergzabern is located within the southern Palatinate on the western edge of the Upper Rhine Plain on the Haardtrand , alternatively called the Weinstrasse region , on the rise to the eastern edge of the Wasgau , as the southern part of the Palatinate Forest and the adjoining northern part of the Vosges are also called; the southwest of the urban forest area is also part of the Upper Mundat Forest . In the middle of Wasgau, around three kilometers northwest of the city center, is the Blankenborn district . Geologically, light yellow and bleached sandstone dominates on site.
The city Bad Bergzabern additionally include next to the designated as a local district Blankenborn the residential places Augspurgermühle, Emilie rest (children's home) and Liebfrauenberg.
In a clockwise direction, neighboring communities are Pleisweiler-Oberhofen , Kapellen-Drusweiler , Dörrenbach , Birkenhördt , Silz and Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach . The closest towns to Bad Bergzabern are - clockwise from the north - Landau in der Pfalz , Kandel , Wissembourg (F), Dahn and Annweiler am Trifels .
Surveys
The district of Blankenborn lies at the foot of the 487 meter high Abtskopf . The Querenberg , which extends between the city center and Blankenborn, is 401 m above sea level. NHN represents the highest elevation in the urban area. To the north of it rises the 392 m high Sauhäusel . Immediately southwest of Blankenborn is the 329 m high Steinkopf . In the west of the city, not far from Birkenhördt, lies the 361 m high Steinköpfl ; the Petronell extends immediately to the west of this . The Liebfrauenberg is also located northwest of the city center .
Waters
The Erlenbach, which comes from the Palatinate Forest, flows through a wide basin after it emerges from the low mountain range . Bad Bergzabern is located in this and on its slopes. Within the city, the stream is piped for a short stretch. The spa district that extends into the Erlenbachtal is called the Kurtal. Before reaching the Bad Bergzabern settlement area, the Erlenbach joins the Anbach from the left, which rises at the level of the Blankenborn district and forms the boundary to Birkenhördt in its lower reaches. A little later - also west of the city center - comes the Böllenborn from the right . In the south, the Dörrenbach partially forms the boundary to the local community of the same name.
climate
Bad Bergzabern has the climate of the Upper Rhine Plain, which has the mildest winters and the warmest summers in Germany. The annual average temperatures sometimes reach around 11 ° C; in the warmest month of July, the average values are around or just over 20 ° C. For Bad Bergzabern, the western peripheral location has a positive effect , as the foehn effects can lead to temperature increases due to the falling air from the Palatinate Forest.
The mean annual precipitation of 804 mm is in the middle third of the values measured in Germany. The precipitation is evenly distributed over the entire year. December as the wettest month brings only 1.4 times more than the wettest month September.
These favorable climatic conditions are ideal for viticulture and allow almond trees , figs and chestnuts to flourish and bear fruit outdoors .
history
Beginnings
Scholars of the 16th century would have liked to see their homeland as a Roman foundation and therefore called it Tabernae Montanae in Latin . But although the area was Roman territory, there is no evidence of an ancient forerunner of Bergzabern.
In 1286 Rudolf von Habsburg granted the settlement built around a moated castle town rights . In 1394, the castle and town of Bergzabern became the property of the Electoral Palatinate in the course of pledges that the indebted County of Zweibrücken had to carry out . When the Palatinate was divided in 1410, it came to Pfalz-Zweibrücken , which later belonged to the Upper Rhine Empire .
Early modern age
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In 1520, Duke Ludwig II began to convert the castle into a ducal residence; this expansion was only completed two generations later under Johann I in 1579. During the Dutch War in 1676, a large part of the city was burned down by the troops of the French King Louis XIV . Only a few Renaissance buildings - such as the ducal office building from 1579, which is now known as the Gasthaus zum Engel - survived this city fire. In the 18th century, the reconstruction of the town and residence in the baroque style by the Swedish architect Jonas Erikson Sundahl began under Duke Gustav Samuel Leopold .
The era of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken family came to an end with the French Revolution . Bergzabern was temporarily part of France and was annexed to Alsace during this time . On November 10, 1792, the citizens of Bergzabern applied for their city to be incorporated into the French Republic , to which it subsequently belonged. During this time and then until 1815 as part of the Napoleonic Empire , which existed from 1804 , the city was incorporated into a canton of the same name in the department of the Lower Rhine .
In the Second Peace of Paris on November 20, 1815, France ceded the area between Lauter and Queich again; whereupon Bergzabern initially belonged to Austria . Together with the rest of the Palatinate , it fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria a year later as the Rhine District . From 1818 to 1862 Berg-Zabern belonged - as the spelling at that time - to the newly created Land Commissioner Bergzabern ; from this emerged the district office of the same name .
In the revolutionary year of 1848, the citizens of Bergzabern founded a democratic association. In 1849, many participants in the Palatinate uprising came from Bergzabern. Friedrich Schüler , who came from here, was then elected by the Stuttgart parliament as one of the five imperial regents. In 1870 Bergzabern got a rail connection.
20th century
In 1939 the city became the seat of the Bergzabern district . The Siegfried Line with its defenses ran through the Bergzabern area from the end of the 1930s . During the Second World War , Bergzabern became a front-line town with two evacuations due to its location in the so-called Red Zone and suffered from great destruction, up to 75 percent.
Bergzabern's affiliation to Bavaria ended on July 15, 1945 after the German surrender with the formation of the French occupation zone . The French military government formed the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, to which Bergzabern has belonged since then. In 1963 Bergzabern was declared a Kneipp spa and has been entitled to use the name "Bad Bergzabern" ever since.
During the first Rhineland-Palatinate administrative reform changed the place on 7 June 1969 in the newly created district Landau-Bad Bergzabern, in 1978 in South County Wine Trail is renamed . On March 20, 1971, the previously independent community of Blankenborn was incorporated into Bad Bergzabern. A year later, the city became the seat of the association of the same name .
population
Population development
The development of the population of Bad Bergzabern, the values from 1871 to 1987 are based on censuses:
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religion
- statistics
In 2012, 39.6 percent of the population were Protestant and 37.7 percent Catholic. The rest belonged to another religion or were non-denominational.
- Protestantism
In 1532 the Reformation was introduced in Bergzabern . The Protestant market church is a hall building with a neo-Gothic roof turret and a separate bell tower. Its beginnings go back to the 12th century. The small mountain church , built from 1720 to 1730 by the Lutheran congregation in Bergzabern, served as the castle church for Duchess Karoline von Nassau-Saarbrücken , who had chosen the Bergzabern castle as the widow's seat. The duchess supported the church financially. One of the few pulpit clocks preserved in Rhineland-Palatinate is located in the Neupfarrkirche .
- Catholicism
The Catholic St. Martin's Church by the architect Franz Schöberl , which was built in the neo-Gothic style between 1877 and 1879, is the baptismal church of the Jew Edith Stein , who was baptized here on January 1, 1922 and as a victim of the Holocaust - it was in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Birkenau killed - canonized by Pope John Paul II on October 11, 1998 . The interior of the church has meanwhile been geared towards Edith Stein in particular. The former Liebfrauenberg monastery above the city, where elderly and mentally handicapped people were cared for, was temporarily empty.
- Judaism
The Jewish community once resident on site belonged to the district rabbinate Landau (Palatinate) and owned a synagogue , which fell victim to the November pogroms in 1938 .
politics
City council
The city council in Bad Bergzabern consists of 24 council members who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary city mayor as chairman.
The distribution of seats in the city council:
| choice | SPD | CDU | GREEN | FDP | FWG | AfD | total |
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| 2019 | 6th | 7th | 3 | 1 | 4th | 3 | 24 seats |
| 2014 | 7th | 10 | 2 | 1 | 4th | - | 24 seats |
| 2009 | 6th | 10 | 1 | 2 | 5 | - | 24 seats |
| 2004 | 4th | 13 | 1 | 1 | 5 | - | 24 seats |
mayor
Hermann Augspurger (FWG) became mayor of Bad Bergzabern on June 27, 2019. In the runoff election on June 16, 2019, he prevailed with 54.89 percent of the vote after none of the original three applicants had achieved a sufficient majority in the direct election on May 26, 2019. His predecessors were the gynecologist Fred-Holger Ludwig (CDU) elected in 2014 and previously Harald Bratz. The most prominent mayor was Wilhelm Wallmann of the CDU , who was in office from 1974 to 1980 .
Twin cities
Bad Bergzabern's twin cities have been Amberg and Lichtenfels since 1939 .
coat of arms
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Blazon : "Divided by gold and silver, above a striding blue armored and tongued red lion, below a fallen, floating red twin rafter." |
| Justification for the coat of arms: The lion refers to the former belonging to the county of Zweibrücken. |
Sights and culture
Buildings
Cultural monuments
Gasthaus "Zum Engel"
The thick tower
Liebfrauenberg Monastery
The Königstraße is designated as a monument zone together with the Bergstraße district . There are also numerous individual monuments.
The dukes of the Wittelsbach line Palatinate-Zweibrücken once resided in Bergzabern Castle . It is the symbol of the city. The four-wing building in the Renaissance style was built from 1526 to 1579 after the destruction of a moated castle in the Peasants' War . The decorative facade of the south wing is flanked by two former fortified towers from the 16th century. The outside staircase was built in the 19th century. On the west wing there is a gate from 1579 with two giants, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the "giant gate". The plant is now the seat of the municipal administration.
The Gasthaus Zum Engel is considered to be one of the most beautiful Renaissance buildings in southwest Germany. Built from 1556 to 1579, it served as the seat of the governor of the dukes of Pfalz-Zweibrücken. Today the building houses a restaurant and the town's local museum. Remnants of the city fortifications from the 13th century as well as the thick tower and the stork tower have been preserved.
In a former bunker there is a private Westwall museum , which commemorates the time of the Second World War in Bergzabern and its surroundings. In one of the oldest baroque houses in the city on the market square, the book and art dealer Wilms presents a tin figure museum with 10,000 individual parts.
Other buildings
At the Gernot Rumpf wine fountain , the lamb, monkey, lion and pig symbolize the four states of wine enjoyment. The Böhämmer fountain is reminiscent of the former blowpipe hunt for mountain finches , which were called “Böhämmer” in the region.
An observation tower above the city offers a view of the city and over the Rhine plain to the Black Forest. The 30 m high wooden tower was built in 1984 to replace an earlier Bismarck pavilion.
Nature and parks
There are a total of three natural monuments in the district of Bad Bergzabern . The Haardtrand - Steinbühl nature reserve is partly within the city limits. The spa park has rare trees such as the handkerchief tree (Davidia involucrata) and the Caucasian wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia).
Bohemian hunt
A special feature of the city and its immediate vicinity was the killing of mountain finches, which was common from ancient times until the beginning of the 20th century, and which overwintered in large flocks in the surrounding forests in winter and were called Bohemians using a blowpipe . The memory of the hunting method banned in 1908 is kept in the Böhämmer-Jagdclub e. V. maintained. The Böhämmerbrunnen on Kurtalstrasse is a reminder of the earlier custom.
Knight stones
The knight stones 30 and 33 are located in the forest area of Bad Bergzabern . The former is located in the southwest of the urban area and is called Ehe. Iron ore mines . The latter is called Oberrot and refers to clearing.
societies
The phenomenological Bergzabern circle met in the house of member Theodor Conrad, who lived in the city at the time. There is a trombone choir on site, which is a member of the Gnadauer Trombone Association , a local branch of the Palatinate Forest Association and the TV Bad Bergzabern basketball club .
Events
In 1991 the city hosted the Artistique World Cup . In 1999 Bad Bergzabern opened the German Wine Route Adventure Day ; the motto was “The Palatinate keeps fit”. In 2002 the championship of the Rhineland-Palatinate Chess Federation took place in Bad Bergzabern.
Economy and Infrastructure
Health resort
In 1875 a beautification association was founded in Bergzabern with the aim of "making Bergzabern and its beautiful surroundings more and more a hiking destination for air spa guests." In 1886 the first spa house was built in Erlenbachtal, in which Eduard Tischberger (1858–1900) from 1892 " Kneipp cold water applications "were administered. Tischberger founded the Kneipp therapy in Bergzabern. A second Kurhaus followed in 1894, and on October 12, 1896 Sebastian Kneipp himself gave a lecture in Bergzabern, after a Kneipp association had been founded here in 1893 . As a result, more spa hotels were built.
In 1929 the first borehole was drilled to obtain water for the drinking cure in the new foyer in the spa park. After the Second World War, the spa business slowly got going again, and in 1953 Bergzabern became a state-recognized Kneipp spa , which in 1958 was followed by the title of " climatic spa ".
In 1962 the Kurbetriebsgesellschaft was founded, from which the Staatsbad Bad Bergzabern GmbH later emerged - with the majority participation of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate and equal shares of the district of Südliche Weinstrasse and the city of Bad Bergzabern.
In 1973 several holiday apartment houses were built in the southern part of the city , which led to a significant boom for the spa business. In 1974 the thermal bath was built, which used the water from the Petronella spring - a sodium chloride thermal bath - which was newly drilled in 1969 and 1970 . The water came from a depth of 450 m with a bed temperature of 21 ° C. It is provided in the pools with temperatures between 26 and 32 ° C.
The new building of the Haus des Gastes from 1984 offered a new event hall, restaurant, conference rooms and space for guest information. In 1995 the thermal bath received a therapy pool for water aerobics. From 2004 to 2006 it was extensively modernized and expanded to include a sauna area and extensive wellness facilities . In 2011 the spa gardens received a newly designed entrance zone.
As a climatic health resort and Kneipp spa, Bad Bergzabern lives to a large extent from the spa business. Structural changes in the classic bathing system in the 1990s and restrictively approved spa therapy measures led to a decline in visitor numbers until 2005. Since then, health tourism has become increasingly important again due to demographic change .
The spa operation in Bad Bergzabern is mainly carried out in the thermal baths. The following specialist clinics are also operated:
- Biomed Clinic for Complementary Cancer Therapy
- Edith Stein Specialist Clinic for Orthopedics and Neurology
- Park Clinic for Psychosomatics and Behavioral Therapy
Medical supplies
Acute medical care is ensured by the Bad Bergzabern location of the Klinikum Landau-Südliche Weinstraße GmbH hospital with the departments of internal medicine, surgery, conservative orthopedics, urology and ENT.
Viticulture
The vineyards around Bad Bergzabern, in which mainly white wines are grown, are mainly managed by four wineries . In the city there is the large monastery of Liebfrauenberg and the single site Altenberg.
Companies
Bad Bergzabern is the seat of the VR Bank Südliche Weinstrasse-Wasgau . The local restaurant Walram was awarded one star by the Michelin Guide in 2016 . There is also a branch of the Palatinate Clinic for Psychiatry and Neurology in Bad Bergzabern . In addition, there was temporarily a location for chord radio in the city . The locally based Lorch winery and its press station were bought up in 2008 by their competitor Zimmermann-Graeff & Müller based in Zell (Mosel) . In the 2000s, the Demag plant for small hoists also closed
traffic
- Rail and bus transport
The Bad Bergzabern Station is in the Karlsruhe transport association and the transport association Rhein-Neckar integrated. The Winden – Bad Bergzabern railway line, opened in 1870 via Barbelroth and Kapellen-Drusweiler, connects the city to the rail network. After passenger traffic was discontinued in 1981, it was reactivated in 1995; Freight traffic no longer exists. There are also bus connections from Landau via Billigheim-Ingenheim , Klingenmünster and Bad Bergzabern to Wissembourg in Alsace and to Annweiler am Trifels, Dahn and Kandel.
- Street
Several federal highways meet in Bad Bergzabern: The B 48 , which leads to Bingen , begins there . The B 427 runs from Kandel through Bad Bergzabern via Dahn to Hinterweidenthal . A bypass in the form of a tunnel is planned for the city, for which construction work began at the end of 2019. The B 38 , which runs from Roßdorf to Wissembourg, now no longer runs through the city, but rather as a bypass to the east of its buildings. Bad Bergzabern has connection to the motorway network via the B 38 at Impflingen to the A 65 . In addition, the city is the seat of a road maintenance department of the Speyer State Mobility Office .
The state road 508 leads in a northerly direction to Frankweiler . The state road 545 connects the city with Steinfeld , Scheibenhardt and Neulauterburg .
The license plate of the Bergzabern district was BZA until it was dissolved in 1969 . Until 1979, the LD of the newly created Landau-Bad Bergzabern district then applied to Bad Bergzabern, and since then it has been SÜW for "Southern Wine Route".
tourism
Bad Bergzabern is on the German Wine Route , the southern beginning of which is six kilometers away. The city is also part of the Franco-German tourist route and the northern end of the Franco-German Chocolate Route . In 2004, the spa doctor Wieland Hassinger laid out Germany's first Kneipp educational trail with individual stations on the five Kneipp active principles . The German Wine Route cycle path runs through Bad Bergzabern ; In addition, the city is the western end point of the Petronella Rhine Cycle Route , which leads to Wörth am Rhein.
The Thermenweg Pfälzer Almond Path and the Prädikatswanderweg Pfälzer Weinsteig , both of which run from Bockenheim an der Weinstrasse to Schweigen-Rechtenbach , also run through the city. There is also the Pirmasens-Belfort long-distance hiking trail marked with a yellow bar , the southern route of the Palatinate Way of St. James and a hiking trail marked with a blue cross . Also through Bad Bergzabern is the path, one of the so-called Saar-Rhein hiking trails, marked Schwarzer Punkt on a white bar , which leads from Saarbrücken to Rülzheim.
schools
In the Alfred Grosser school center on the southern outskirts of the city there is a secondary school, which has been operating as Realschule plus since 2009 , and a grammar school whose roots are a Latin school founded in 1523. and between the two of them the Böhämmer elementary school, which has been an all-day school since the 2002/2003 school year.
military
Due to its proximity to the border with France, the city gained great military importance from modern times. Until 1960, the Faidherbe quarter of the Forces françaises en Allemagne was quartered in the Mackensen barracks . When the Bundeswehr took over the barracks after the French had withdrawn, the 860 telecommunications battalion of the Bundeswehr, which was subordinate to Telecommunications Command 850 , was stationed there. Bad Bergzabern is currently only the location of a support unit of the NATO Communications and Information Agency and an electronics center of the Bundeswehr. There is also a war cemetery in the city, where 899 victims of the Second World War are buried.
Authorities
Bergzabern Castle is the seat of the municipal administration. A federal police department is stationed in the city . It is one of ten federal riot police departments and is subordinate to the Federal Riot Police, based in Fuldatal . The department has a department staff as a management tool as well as three deployment hundreds and a support unit with special forces. Medical and medical care is provided by our own medical service.
At times the city was the seat of a local court . The Landau District Court in the Palatinate has a local branch, which is now the only one of a district court within Rhineland-Palatinate.
Personalities
Six people were made honorary citizens of the city, most recently the graphic artist and painter Werner vom Scheidt in 1979.
As early as the 16th century, the city was the birthplace of several intellectuals such as the doctor and professor Tabernaemontanus , the reformer Kunemann Flinsbach and the diplomat Johann Wolff . Other sons of the early modern period were the Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken Johann II and the politician Friedrich Schüler , who took part in the Hambach Festival in 1832 , and the lawyer August Ferdinand Culmann , who was a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly , and his nephew, the theological ethicist Philipp Theodor Culmann , and his brother, the civil engineer Karl Culmann .
The best-known personality born here in the 20th century is the long-standing Prime Minister of Rhineland-Palatinate, Kurt Beck . Then there are the basketball players Thorsten Raquet and Rouven Roessler and the actress Friederike Becht .
The personalities who worked on site include the historian Rolf Übel , who acts as the city's archivist, as well as the politicians Volker Wissing (FDP) and Alexander Schweitzer (SPD), who both completed their Abitur on site, as well as the film director and producer Martin Blankemeyer , who completed his entire school days in Bad Bergzabern. The cartoonist Jürgen Tomicek also spent part of his school days in Bergzabern. The CDU politician Wilhelm Wallmann was city mayor from 1974 to 1980. The native Jew Edith Stein , who fell victim to the Holocaust, converted to the Catholic faith on January 1, 1922 in Bergzabern.
literature
- Paul Henry Jones: Land Kommissariat and Kanton Bergzabern around 1840. In: Historical journey through the Palatinate around 1840. Epubli Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-8442-4890-6 , pp. 40–54.
Web links
- Literature about Bad Bergzabern in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
- ↑ a b State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate: Regional data .
- ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Official directory of the municipalities and parts of the municipality. Status: January 2019 [ Version 2020 is available. ] . S. 159 (PDF; 3 MB).
- ^ Bergzabern in the Second World War.
- ↑ Official municipality directory (= State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 407 ). Bad Ems February 2016, p. 158 (PDF; 2.8 MB).
- ↑ Municipal statistics , as of July 31, 2012.
- ↑ Peter Wasem: The hourglass on the pulpit ( memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 4, 2015.
- ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Local elections 2019, city and municipal council elections
- ↑ 1st meeting of the city council of Bad Bergzabern (public). In: News from FWG and the city. FWG Bad Bergzabern, June 27, 2019, accessed on April 19, 2020 .
- ^ After the runoff election: Hermann Augspurger is the new mayor of Bad Bergzabern. In: Pfalz-Express.de. Ahme Licht Verlag GbR, June 16, 2019, accessed on April 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Bad Bergzabern has voted. pfalz-express.de, June 9, 2014.
- ^ Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate. Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, ISBN 3-9801574-2-3 .
- ^ Palatine dictionary.
- ^ August Becker : Nocturnal activity in the Wasgenwald . In: The Gazebo . Issue 1, 1878, pp. 8–12 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
- ↑ Tourism in the Rhineland-Palatinate spas ( memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), PDF; 806 kB. State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate, accessed on June 6, 2015, p. 260 ff.
- ↑ Bad Bergzabern - Kneipp spa in the Palatinate ( Memento from May 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). Rhineland-Palatinate Tourism, accessed on June 6, 2015.
- ↑ Internet presence of the Alfred Grosser School Center.
- ↑ Our school portrait . In: Böhämmer elementary school . March 14, 2017 ( boehaemmer-grundschule.de [accessed June 16, 2018]).
Cities: Annweiler am Trifels | Bad Bergzabern | Edenkoben
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