18th century

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The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini/Common Era numbering system.

However, historians sometimes specifically define the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution with an emphasis on directly interconnected events.[1][2] To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements, the "long" 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the battle of Waterloo in 1815[3] or even later.[4]

Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789, an iconic event of the French Revolution
Washington crossing the Delaware, Dec. 25, 1776, an iconic event of the American Revolution

Events

1700–1709

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general

1710s

Tokugawa Yoshimune, Shogun of Japan.

1720s

18th century painting of the Yongzheng Emperor in Costume

1730s

Qianlong Emperor

1740s

Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia.

1750s

The Death of General Wolfe

1760s

George III, King of Great Britain.

1770s

Rejtan and the Partitions of Poland

1780s

George Washington

1790s

Kamehameha I, King of the Hawaiian Islands
File:New ross.gif
The Battle of New Ross took place in Ireland, during the Irish Rebellion of 1798.

Significant people

World leaders, politicians, military

See also: Founding Fathers of the United States
Ahmed III
Queen Anne
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria
Benjamin Franklin
Louis XVI
Peter the Great
Paul Revere
Yeongjo, King of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea.

Show business, theatre, entertainers

See also: Theatre Royal, Drury Lane; Haymarket Theatre; and Sichuan opera
File:DavidGarrick.jpeg
David Garrick

also many others were seen and herd of from many countries but are not mentiond here

Musicians, composers

Main articles: List of Classical era composers and List of Baroque composers
Johann Sebastian Bach
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Visual artists, painters, sculptors, printmakers

Main articles: History of painting, Rococo, and Neoclassicism
William Blake
File:Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin.jpg
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin

Writers, poets

Samuel Johnson
File:Alexander Pope ca 1727.png
Alexander Pope
Voltaire
Mary Wollstonecraft

Philosophers, theologians

Denis Diderot
Pius VI
Emanuel Swedenborg

Scientists, researchers

Edward Jenner
James Watt

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Main articles: Timeline of invention § 18th century, and Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries § 18th_century
The Spinning Jenny
The Chinese Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, completed in 1771, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.

Literary achievements

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

References

  1. ^ Anderson, M. S. (1979). Historians and the Eighteenth-Century Europe, 1715–1789. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198225482.
  2. ^ Ribeiro, Aileen (2002). Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe 1715-1789 (revised edition). Yale University Press. ISBN 0300091516.
  3. ^ Marshall, P. J. (Editor) (2001). The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century (Oxford History of the British Empire). Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0199246777. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help), "Introduction" by P. J. Marshall, page 1
  4. ^ O'Gorman, Frank (1997). The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688-1832 (The Arnold History of Britain Series). A Hodder Arnold Publication. ISBN 0340567511.
  5. ^ War of the Spanish Succession, 1701-1714
  6. ^ The history of Scotland - The Act of Union 1707
  7. ^ Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to History
  8. ^ Usman dan Fodio (Fulani leader)
  9. ^ List of Wars of the Crimean Tatars
  10. ^ Len Milich: Anthropogenic Desertification vs ‘Natural’ Climate Trends
  11. ^ Saudi Arabia - The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam
  12. ^ Sufism in the Caucasus
  13. ^ "Yellow Fever Attacks Philadelphia, 1793". EyeWitness to History. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
  14. ^ Kamehameha I of Hawaii Biography
  15. ^ Riedel S (2005). "Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 18 (1): 21–5. PMID 16200144.
  16. ^ a b Porter, Roy (Editor) (2003). The Cambridge History of Science, Volume 4: The Eighteenth Century (The Cambridge History of Science). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521572436. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help), "The Philosopher's Beard: Women and Gender in Science" by Londra Schiebinger, pages 184-210
  17. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica's Great Inventions, Encyclopædia Britannica
  18. ^ Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. (1998) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p 146 ISBN 0-471-291-98-6

Decades and years

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