Ancizan
| Ancizan | ||
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| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Hautes-Pyrénées | |
| Arrondissement | Bagneres-de-Bigorre | |
| Canton | Neste, Aure and Louron | |
| Community association | Aure Louron | |
| Coordinates | 42 ° 52 ′ N , 0 ° 20 ′ E | |
| height | 734-2,831 m | |
| surface | 39.97 km 2 | |
| Residents | 271 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 7 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 65440 | |
| INSEE code | 65006 | |
_2.jpg) View of the center of Ancizan |
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Ancizan is a French commune with 271 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region (before 2016: Midi-Pyrénées ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre and the canton of Neste, Aure et Louron (until 2015: canton of Arreau ).
The inhabitants are called Ancizanois and Ancizanoises .
geography
Ancizan is located about 26 kilometers southeast of Bagnères-de-Bigorre in the historic province of Quatre-Vallées . The municipality is part of the Pyrenees National Park .
Ancizan is surrounded by the seven neighboring communities:
| Campan | Arreau | Barrancoueu |
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Cadéac | |
| Aulon | Guchen | Grézian |
Ancizan lies in the catchment areas of the Adour and Garonne rivers .
The Adour, also known as the Adour de Payolle on the upper reaches, crosses the northern area of the municipality together with its tributaries, which, with the exception of the Gaoube, have their source in Ancizan:
- the Ruisseau d'Artigou and its tributary,
- the Ruisseau de Soubirou,
- the Ruisseau de Camoudiet and its tributaries,
- the Ruisseau d'Aouassole and
- the Riou Tort,
- the Ruisseau de la Prade and its tributary,
- the Ruisseau du Hour, and
- the gaoube.
The Neste , also called Neste d'Aure here, is a tributary of the Garonne and crosses the eastern area of the municipality together with rivers that have their source in Ancizan:
- the Coumette, a tributary of the Lavedan,
- the Ruisseau d'Erabat, a tributary of the Neste, and
- the Ruisseau de Hourcoueu, a tributary of the Neste.
The highest point of the municipality is the summit of the Arbizon (2,831 m), the center of the municipality is at about 780 m above sea level at the foot of the Arbizon.
history
At the end of the 13th century, Ancizan formed an association with the parishes of Cadéac, Grézian and Guchen, called les Quatre Véziaux ( German the four neighbors ), which is now managed by an association. The common property consists of 2,770 hectares of summer pasture in the municipal area of Ancizan. In 1553, Ancizan received permission from the Counts of Armagnac to hold a weekly market and a fair on November 25th. In 1596 the French King Henry IV confirmed this right and allowed two more annual fairs on August 24th and September 29th. Ancizan played an important role in the valley of the Neste due to its merchants and owners of spinning mills , who formed a small district of their own between the 16th and 19th centuries.
The center of Ancizan lies at the mouth of the Ruisseau d'Erabat. Its flood of August 15, 1953 destroyed many houses with the transported mud, gravel and tree trunks and caused one death.
Toponymy
The Occitan name of the community is Ancida. It comes from the Latin name Ancicius together with the suffix -anum (= estate of Ancicius). The community's nicknames are Eths truca-taulèrs ( German the troublemakers , German the pillars of the inn or German the card players ) and Eths truca-telèrs ( German those who operate the looms ), because there used to be numerous weavers in Ancizan.
Toponyms and mentions of Ancizan were:
- Pe de Anciza, P. de Ancisa (around 1125, copy book of the County of Bigorre),
- Anciza, Ancizan (1249, documents from Bonnefont ),
- De Ancizano (1387, Church Register des Comminges ),
- Ancizan (1750, map by Cassini ).
Population development
After records began, the population rose to a peak of around 1,020 by the middle of the 19th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community fell with short recovery phases and a marked decline after the First World War until the 1980s to around 230 inhabitants. At the turn of the millennium, there was a brief phase of growth, which increased the population to 325 in the first decade of the 21st century, until recently a phase of stagnation set in again, which continues to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2011 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 257 | 271 | 239 | 232 | 233 | 254 | 316 | 298 | 271 |
Sights and museums
Parish Church of Saint Blaise and Saint Martin
It is consecrated to two saints at the same time. All that remains of the earlier church is the bell tower from the 16th century, a Romanesque tympanum with the monogram of Christ and part of a sacrament house , which will be reused on the outside of the new church. In January 1843, the parish council decided to build a new church to replace the old one because it was too small and in poor condition. The architect Jacques Latour (1812–1868) from Tarbes was commissioned with the planning. Work began in June 1948 and ended in July 1855.
In this new building, the east of the previous building was reversed, so that today's semicircular choir is located in the west and was attached to the bell tower. The large single-nave nave is intended for a parish that had over 1,000 members in the mid-19th century. The side aisles have false barrel vaults and false groined vaults , the choir a false semi-domed vault and the main nave a false pendentive dome resting on four marble columns . The main facade has a classic entrance portal made of ashlar , above it a rose window . A cone-shaped helmet covers the bell tower, decorated with small polygonal helmets at the corners.
Many of the church's furnishings are classified or inscribed as Monument historique :
- a wooden Pietà from the 17th century
- a chasuble , a stole , a manipula , a chalice veil and a bursa for the storage of the corporal from the late 18th century and the middle of the 19th century
- two dalmatic with their manipulas from the middle of the 19th century
- a chasuble, a manipula and a chalice velum from the middle of the 19th century
- Orbits of a canopy from the middle of the 19th century
- a 16th or 17th century painting by the Flemish School depicting the Annunciation
- a group of sculptures made of painted and gilded wood, probably from the early 16th century, depicting St. Anne and Mary with the baby Jesus . It originally comes from the earlier and now demolished Sainte-Anne chapel .
- a sculptural group of nine figures made of painted and gilded wood depicting the entombment of Christ. An inscription bears the year "1544".
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Saint-Jean-Baptiste chapel in the hamlet of Ousten
The chapel from the 12th century has a semicircular apse , a single-nave nave and an entrance portal on the north side. At the apse a small window opening is cut out in the longitudinal axis outside in a buttress . The earlier bell gable was changed and now shows itself as a bell rider , partially clad with slate and covered with a pyramid roof. A beautiful wrought iron cross can be seen on an outer wall.
Notre-Dame-du-Puyo chapel
The former chapel was first mentioned in 1689. Around 1870 it was demolished because of the construction of a road. The current building has an ogival barrel vault . The wall on the street is opened by a large gate that allows prayer from outside. The gable has a niche with the inscription "ND du Puyo PPN" above it. The interior was renovated in 1986.
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House Oustalet
The house dates from the 16th century. The year "1525" on the lintel of the small entrance portal needs clarification, because the lintel is perhaps a replacement. The name of the house goes back to Joseph Oustalet, who owned it in 1831. Characteristic features of the house are its high roof, its stepped gable and its large dormer window with a curved lintel. The dormer has a gable made of ashlar, which is interrupted by three holes. A large cross-frame window can be seen on the first floor . Inside, two doors and two chimneys are embellished with stick ornamentation. A roughly hewn head adorns a door. The facades, the roof, the two doors and the two chimneys have been inscribed as Monument historique since September 6, 1978 .
House Castet
Jean Autène had it built in 1568, Jean Pene owned it in 1831. The distinctive stair tower with a polygonal spire that was attached to the main house may have given it its name Caste . Access to the house is through the door of the tower, the lintel of which indicates the date of construction and its owner: 1568 IHS MA JEAN AUTENA . The south facade of the house has a large window on the first floor, the bars of which have been lost over the centuries. It has a stepped gable that was restored in 1934, as evidenced by an inscription. The two-story house has a high, steeply sloping roof.
Mayor's office, market hall, school
In May 1838 the local council decided to replace the old building with the function of the mayor's office ( Mairie ) and the market hall, which was out of date, with a new building. Financial problems initially delayed the project, which was resumed in 1866 to build a building with a mayor's office, market hall and school. A year later, the former mayor's office and other buildings were demolished to make way for the new building. The construction was completed in 1869 and handed over in October 1870.
The ground floor serves as a market hall, the first floor contains rooms for the mayor's office and the school, and apartments for the teachers are furnished on the second floor. The ground floor has large segmental arches on two sides of the building . The north main facade has a width of three bays , the top with a triangular gable, which is provided with an oculus . The transitions between the floors are emphasized by facings made of limestone.
Cider Museum and Museum of the Aura Valley
The Ancizan cider house shows in a museum the production of dry cider , which is called poumado here , as the name “cider” is reserved for products from Brittany and Normandy . Films and ancient tools explain the traditional and modern methods of creation.
Opposite the Cidrerie, the Museum of the Auretal, an ecomuseum, invites you to get to know the former life in the Auretal. In 16 scenes, the life and customs of the past are presented with musical accompaniment.
Economy and Infrastructure
Ancizan is located in the AOC zones of the Porc noir de Bigorre pig breed and the Jambon noir de Bigorre ham .
total = 37
education
The community has a public primary school with 35 students in the 2019/2020 school year.
sport and freetime
The long-distance hiking trail GR 105 from Lortet to Port d'Ourdissétou also leads through the center of Ancizan. It is an alternative route to a parallel route to the Via Tolosana , one of the four Camino de Santiago in France.
traffic
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Ancizan can be reached via Routes départementales 30, 113, 918, the former Route nationale 618 , and 929, the former Route nationale 129 .
The commune is also connected to other communes in the department by a line from the Lignes intermodales d'Occitanie bus network from Lannemezan to Saint-Lary-Soulan .
Personalities
- Brice Gertoux, born on May 13, 1744 in Ancizan, died on January 25, 1812 in Campan, was a French politician. During the French Revolution he was of 3 September 1791 to the September 20, 1792 Member of the Legislative Assembly for the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, on 4 September 1792 to the October 26, 1795 a member of the National Convention and 14 October 1795 to the May 20, 1798 Member of the Council of Five Hundred .
Web links
- Website of the Working Group of Noir de Bigorre (French)
- Pyrenees National Park website (French)
- Website of the Lignes intermodales d'Occitanie (LIO) bus network (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hautes-Pyrénées ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Ma commune: Ancizan ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Pierre-Yves Corbel: présentation de la commune d'Ancizan ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . April 2, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Ancizan ( fr ) Hautes-Pyrénées department. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Notice Communale Ancizan ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Populations légales 2016 Commune d'Ancizan (65006) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ^ Pierre-Yves Corbel: église paroissiale Saint-Blaise, Saint-Martin ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ^ Pierre-Yves Corbel: chapelle Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ^ Pierre-Yves Corbel: chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Puyo ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Pierre-Yves Corbel: maison Oustalet ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ^ Maison du 16e siècle ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Pierre-Yves Corbel: maison Oustalet ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Pierre-Yves Corbel: mairie; Hall ; école ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 3, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Ancizan. Musée de la Cidrerie et de la Vallée d'Aure ( fr ) La Dépêche du Midi . August 2, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune d'Ancizan (65006) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ La voie des Piémonts ( fr ) Agence de Coopération Interrégionale et Réseau “Chemins de Saint-Jacques de Compostelle”. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ De Lortet au port d'Ourdissetou ( fr ) Association des Amis de Saint Jacques des Hautes Pyrénées. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ↑ Brice Gertoux ( fr ) French National Assembly . Retrieved September 13, 2019.