Vintage

Vintage
(Italian Vandoies )
coat of arms	map
State :	Italy
Region :	Trentino-South Tyrol
Province :	Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community :	Val Pusteria
Inhabitants : (VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019)	3.254 / 3.324
Language groups : (according to 2011 census )	98.23% German 1.26% Italian 0.52% Ladin
Coordinates	46 ° 49 '  N , 11 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 49 '  N , 11 ° 43'  E
Altitude :	722– 3260  m slm (center: 755  m slm )
Surface:	110.51 km²
Permanent settlement area:	10.4 km²
Parliamentary groups :	Niedervintl, Obervintl, Pfunders, Weitental
Neighboring municipalities:	Kiens , Mühlbach , Mühlwald , Pfitsch , Rodeneck , Terenten
Postal code :	39030
Area code :	0472
ISTAT number:	021110
Tax number:	81007610215
Mayor  (2015):	Walter Huber ( SVP )

Vintl ([ ˈfɪntl̩ ]; dialect the Vintl; Italian Vandoies ) is an Italian municipality with 3324 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the lower Puster Valley in South Tyrol . Your main town Niedervintl lies at the mouth of the Pfunderer Bach in the Puster Valley from east to west flowing through Rienz .

The next larger town is Brixen, about 10 km south-southwest .

The Obervintl fraction is located about three kilometers to the east on a northern slope of the Puster Valley. Other localities in the municipality are Weitental and Pfunders in the approximately 20 km long Pfunderer valley . There are also numerous hamlets, scattered settlements and individual farms, which are often far away from the town centers in the valley floor and on the mostly very steep side slopes.

geography

See also : List of natural monuments in Vintl

location

The municipality of Vintl in the western Puster Valley

The area of ​​the municipality of Vintl is located in the western Puster Valley and covers an area of ​​110.51 km². This puts it in 21st place among the 116 South Tyrolean municipalities in terms of area. Two valley systems give the municipality its character:

The Pustertal, through which the Rienz flows, between the Mühlbacher Klause and Obervintl lies at an altitude of around 750  m . It has a flat valley floor up to 600 m wide, which is divided in some places by alluvial fans . This is followed by very steep valley slopes.

The Pfunderer valley, which flows in from the north and is surrounded by mountains of the Zillertal Alps, widens in several places and makes room for comparatively modest, agriculturally usable cultural areas. Some sections of the valley are very narrow and gorge-like. In its course from the 750  m high estuary over Weitental ( 863  m ) and Pfunders ( 1159  m ) to the high mountains that approach the main ridge of the Zillertal , the valley pierces through several geologically interesting rock formations. The highest elevation in the municipality is the Niedere Weißzint at 3263  m above sea level.

Territorial structure of the settlements

Vintl - the municipality

The municipality comprises four fractions: Niedervintl, Obervintl, Weitental and Pfunders. The center of Niedervintl lies on a low elevation at the mouth of the Pfunderer valley, which the Pfunderer Bach only overcomes after a right turn. At the foot of the opposite side of the valley, the farms of Priel make use of the scarce cultural land between the Rienz bed and the wooded steep slope of the Lüsner Mountains (a sub-group of the Dolomites ) falling here . On the northern slope of the Pustertal, which connects to the west of the Pfunderer valley, lies the extensive scattered settlement of Sergs, which belongs to Niedervintl and borders the eastern courtyards of Meransen . In the valley floor of the Puster Valley, the village of Obervintl ( 765  m ) is today connected to Vintl via the narrow settlement corridor of the industrial zone on the orographically right side. On the southern slope of the Puster Valley, the Getzenberg near Obervintl has a flatter slope relief in some places, so that scattered farms could settle.

In the approximately 3 km long entrance area into the Pfunderer valley there are only a few farms up to the village of Weitental. The districts Ausserdrittel, Dorf, Huntsdorf and Hinterdrittel are located in the valley floor or on the adjacent slopes near the valley. Kegelberg, located on the steep slope of the Gitschberg , can also be reached via a road from Meransen over the Stolbergsattel. On the opposite side of the valley, the farms of the Honigberg border the Talson and Margen districts belonging to Terento . Further into the valley, on the alluvial cone of the Schmansenbach, are the scattered settlement of Schaldern and on a steep low mountain plateau the farms of Kammerschien.

Pfunders with the districts Schattseite, Sonnseite and Riegl, Eggerseite

The basin of Pfunders only widens after a narrow valley, caused by a rock bar made of resistant biotite plagioclase gneiss , which comes down from the Gitschberg , where the imposing Schalderwand is particularly eye-catching. The naming of the districts of Pfunders has in part to do with their geographical location: the area on the western slope, shaded in the evening, is called the shady side, the opposite sunny side. The farm group of Riegl is connected to the sunny side by a road. The Egger side is formed by the colonizable frontal area of ​​a mighty dam, which consists of transverse hard, quartz-lens-rich clay slate , and after overcoming it you reach the hamlet of Dun, scattered and steep courtyards on the orographically left side of the valley. The highest permanently inhabited farm is the Walderhof at 1600  m . The valley forks in Dun. The main branch, which narrows to the gorge here, leads into extensive alpine pastures, the largest of which is the Weitenberg at 1978  m above sea level, and to the Pfunderer Joch ( 2568  m ), via which Pfitsch can be reached. The side branch leads to the Boden Alm and after a mighty valley step to the Eisbrugg Alm with the Eisbruggsee and to the Eisbruggjoch with the Edelrauthütte .

Neighboring communities

Neighbor to the west is the municipality of Mühlbach , to the north it is Pfitsch , to the east it is Mühlwald , Terenten and Kiens and to the south Rodeneck . There are no direct road connections to Pfitsch, Mühlwald and Rodeneck. A well-developed road leads from Niedervintl up to the Terenten, which is located on a low mountain plateau. From a traffic point of view, the Pfunderer valley is a dead end street, apart from the Kegelbergstrasse, which connects Weitental with Meransen via the Stolbergsattel.

Land use

The Zirmalm: Typical example of a small private valley near the Pfunderer Höhenweg

The high proportion of mountains means that agricultural areas in the form of fields and meadows are only available to a very limited extent. Only 7.85% of the municipal area is suitable for this. These areas are mainly found in the valley floor of the Puster Valley and the Fundre Valley. In the past, the fields even in the high valley of Pfunders took up a larger area than the meadows. Today grassland farming predominates . 16.8% are wasteland . Water bodies take up 0.4% of the area and 1.45% are built up. At 73.1%, the proportion of areas with vegetation in the form of forests or alpine pastures is relatively high. Pfunders owns most of the most extensive alpine pastures . There they take up an area of ​​4600 ha and thus make up 75% of the total usable area for agriculture and forestry. Around 900 cattle used to be summered on the Pfunderer Almen. The largest alpine pasture is the Weitenberger Alm. It is a community alpine pasture with 370 grazing rights. The 2000 agricultural census counted 275 farms, 16 of them with farm holidays.

Rivers and bodies of water

Lakes can only be found on the northern edge of the municipality. Almost all of them were created in rock pools that were excavated by the glacier masses during the Ice Ages, such as the Weitenbergersee, the “Pollackl”, the Grindlberger See and the “Korseabl” east of the Eisbruggalm. The largest lake, on the other hand, the Eisbruggsee above the Eisbruggalm, has formed behind a frontal moraine, although a previous deepening of the terrain due to the effects of glaciers cannot be ruled out. The largest flowing water is the Rienz, the river that drains the Pustertal. It takes in the Terner Bach near Obervintl and the Pfunderer Bach near Niedervintl. The Pfunderer Bach gets the most abundant supplies from the extensive alpine pastures of the rear Pfunderer valley, with the Eisbruggbach playing an important role. A large proportion of this water is drained in Dun at the "Sandl" into a tunnel system that feeds a power station in Mühlbach. The water flow of the Schmansnerbach, which flows into the Pfunderer Bach near Schaldern, which is fairly even throughout the year, is sufficient for the operation of a community-owned electrical works.

The Fundres Mountains

Edelrauthütte with the Niederen Weißzint on the Pfunderer Höhenweg

The mountain ranges south-west of the main ridge of the Zillertal are called Fundres Mountains and cover an area of ​​around 300 km². The Fundres Valley is embedded in it. They also enclose the Valler Tal in the west , form the mountain range to the Pfitscher Tal and in the east encompass the municipal areas of Mühlwald and Terenten. In addition to the Niedere Weißzint ( 3263  m ), the Grabspitze ( 3068  m slm ) near the Pfunderer Joch as the highest elevation of the ridge between the Pfitscher Valley and Weitenberger Kar, the Wurmaulspitze ( 3022  m slm ) as the highest Elevation west of the Weitenberger Alm, the Napfspitze ( 2888  m slm ) south of the Eisbruggjoch, the Hochgrubbachspitze ( 2819  m ) as the highest elevation of the eastern Pfunderer Mountains and in front of it the Eidechsspitze ( 2738  m slm ), the Vintler local mountain. A well-known hiking trail is the Pfunderer Höhenweg , which starts from Sterzing and leads through the Pfunderer mountains to the Bruneck area.

climate

The climatic conditions in Vintl and Weitental allow wheat to be grown, at least on the sunlit slopes. In Pfunders, the farmers had to be content with the more resilient types of grain rye , oats and barley when arable farming was still practiced on a larger scale. The long-term average rainfall in Vintl is 779 mm, in Weitental 733 mm and in Pfunders 944 mm, are normally sufficient for high-yield grassland management . Farmers on south-facing slopes such as those in Sergs are most likely to suffer from drought.

flora

To the west of Niedervintl, the south-facing slopes of the Rienztal are overgrown by the remains of a mixed mountain forest with deciduous trees. Otherwise pine forests predominate on these slopes with granite subsoil . The shadier Getzenberg south of the Rienz is covered by spruce forests with individual fir stands . The slopes of the valley Pfunderer have the typical alpine spruce larch - mixed forests , where against the tree line towards that here up to 2000  m up to 2130  m up enough outweigh sparse larch stands. What is noticeable is the lack of stone pine . In fact, the entire southern flank of the Zillertal main ridge is a missing stone pine area. In the valley floor, brooks and wetlands are accompanied by gray alder , further up green alder ("Lutterstauden") overgrown brook edges, shady slopes and now increasingly neglected pasture areas. Large areas of dwarf shrub heath taken: from the rust-red Alpenrose ( "Zetten"), together with the Black berry , the cranberry ( "grenades") and the cranberry ( "Moosefacken"), further from heather ( "Hoadra") and the Kalmia procumbens ("Jochhoadra").

fauna

Many of the characteristic wild animals of the Alps such as chamois , marmots , red deer , roe deer , foxes , martens and mountain hares can be found in the municipality of Vintl . In 1987, an ibex colony with 4 goats and 4 goats from Pontresina in the Engadin in the Eggerseiterberg in the rear of the Pfunderer valley was released. This resulted in a ibex population of around 30 to 40 heads. Also available are capercaillie , black grouse and ptarmigan . The hunters from the two hunting grounds of Pfunders and Vintl with Weitental and Obervintl are responsible for keeping the game.

geology

The periadriatic suture

The municipality of Vintl is cut by the Pustertal Line, a section of an elongated tectonic fault line, the Periadriatic Seam , in a west-east direction. The direction of strike of the main rock series runs parallel to this line, so that the Pfunderer valley cuts through a whole series of different rock formations. In the south, the southern alpine in the form of the Getzenberg pushes up to the furrow of the Pustertal valley. It belongs to the Brixen quartz phyllite ceiling system , a carbonate-free, lead-gray to blue-gray metamorphic sedimentary rock from the Paleozoic . This is followed in the north by the layers of Brixen granite , which still belong to the southern Alps , granitic plutonites from the Permian era . Its northern edge also forms the movement joint of the periadriatic seam and shows clearly pronounced traces of abrasion and grinding ( mylonite ). At the same time, the granite wedge of the reindeer granite penetrated into this structure in the Tertiary as a strip of mountains running west-east up to 1 km wide.

The Eastern Alps are represented in a relatively narrow strip between Weitental and the village of Pfunders in the form of the "old gneiss". The border is roughly mapped out by the trenches of the Stoller and the Margener Bach above Weitental. The eastern alpine blanket consists mainly of crystalline slates, mainly of paragestones (former sedimentary rocks) and orthogestones with quartz, feldspar and mica (derived from former igneous melts).

Marmot between the blocks of the Tauern gneiss on the Eisbruggjoch

The boundary line to the subsequent Pennine Tauern window runs from the Schellenberg near the Furkelscharte down into the valley in the direction of the Pfunderer parish church and then crosses the slopes above the Ast-Alm past the Passenjoch ( 2408  m ). Limestone mica schist and lime phyllite, which correspond to the Bündner schist in the area of ​​the Engadine window in Graubünden, form the layers of the upper slate shell that reach beyond Dun . Green rocks , especially chlorite slate and, to a lesser extent, serpentines have been pressed up as metamorphic shear inclusions in many places of the upper slate shell. Coming from Pfitsch, they sweep as a mighty wedge over the Grabspitze ( 3059  m ) and the Faßnacht ( 2537  m ) increasingly narrowing to the east. There are green slate trains in the western Weitenberg and south of the Steinlerbergscharte, where they reach down over the Paulscharte into the mountain flanks. On the opposite side of the valley south of the Dengelstein there are clod-like small deposits of serpentine. There this partly slatey-fibrous, partly massive and even talc-like "green marble" from Pfunders was mined from 1722 onwards.

These wedge-shaped foothills of the green rock are followed by the lower slate shell of the Tauern crystalline , which mainly consists of lime-free crystalline slates . It rests on the tectonically deepest unit of the Tauern Window , the central gneiss. This only touches the municipality area marginally. A narrow strip of the central gneiss is embedded in the lower slate shell and runs from the Eisbruggspitze north of the Tschirn to the Sente-Kar. The rock is remarkably light and consists mainly of granitic, occasionally also of tonalitic ortho- rock . The course of these bright Tauern gneiss foothills can also be clearly seen on satellite images of the region.

morphology

West flank of the Lizard Point with the courtyards of Kammerschien

In the Pfunderer valley, remains of old areas and valley floors can be seen in some places. These are sometimes extensive, more gently rising surface systems or terrain levels, which are the remains of pre-ice age surface forms or valley floors. They are a sign that the uplifting process of the mountains has been interrupted by periods of rest from time to time. One of these valley floors begins in Dun, sweeps over Eggerseite, Riegl and Kammerschin out of the valley to Talson to Margenkopf.

The glaciers of the Ice Ages have on from the Tertiary traditional fluvial - dominated leave Altformen its mark - that is, by running waters. More angular terrains were rounded, cirques and rock troughs were excavated, round humps were created, valleys were transformed into trough valleys by glacial effects of notch valleys . Some of the alpine valleys in the lower Pfunderer valley are examples of this. However, many of the terrain formations that can be identified as moraine remnants do not come from the major glaciations, but are the result of glacier advances from the Schlern, Gschnitz and Daun stages, i.e. a period from 9000–7000 years ago in which the average temperatures again dropped sharply. During the Sciliar stage , the snow line sank to 2000  m and the glacier tongues pushed into the valleys. Today's Kirchbühel in Pfunders turns out to be the frontal moraine of a glacier advance of the Schlern stage. Remnants of a lateral moraine from this time form a wall crossing the slope on the Eggerseite.

A morphological feature of the landscape are the alluvial cones of the rivers and streams in the valley lowlands. In the Rienztal it is the Winnebach, the Ternerbach, the Kaserbach and the Pfunderer Bach that have formed extensive alluvial fans. In the valley floor of the Pfunderer valley, the material deposits of various side streams have filled the valley floor. In Weitental, the debris deposits from the brooks of two directly opposite ditch systems (Stoller and Talsoner Graben) have repeatedly dammed the Pfunderer Bach and thus created an extensive embankment plain in the valley, while a clearly sloping valley step emerged out of the valley.

history

etymology

Vintl is first mentioned in a traditional Freising note from around 993 / 94-1005 as “in valle Uintulla” ( “ in the valley of Vintl”). Onomologists try Celtic roots to derive the name: Vindoiàlo , field des Vindos' or 'white field' (there are similar names in Friuli with Vendoglio and in France with Vendeuil). Because some place names in the municipality have Romanesque origins, it can be assumed that even more remote places in the Pfunderer Valley were inhabited before the arrival of the Bavarian settlers in the 7th century AD took place around 1067 - the Romanesque fondus (soil, estate, ground), in the name of Schaldern, namers recognize scala (stairs, sequence of steps) with the suffix are , Kammerschien can be derived from campus (field, field) ursinus (from the Latin ursus), so Bärenfeld. Place names such as "Kamp", "Gampis", "Falmetz" Furkel also have Roman roots.

middle Ages

What makes work difficult for the archaeologists in Vintl is the fact that numerous historically interesting relics have been recovered without any systematic care. As a result, in some cases only unhelpful documents or records have survived, and in others precise location information is missing. The finds, however, suggest settlement activities on the south-facing peaks and slopes of the Rienz valley near Niedervintl and Obervintl in pre-Roman and Roman times.

In the Middle Ages, the Bavarians settled in the municipality from the 7th century onwards. Until well into the present day, almost all localities retained the scattered settlement character typical of the Bavarian conquest , in which the local centers are most likely to be equated with the location of the churches. Vintl belonged to the county of Pustertal, which reached as far as the Mühlbacher Klause and was handed over to the Brixen bishop Altwin in 1091 by Emperor Heinrich IV . The bishops entrusted the administration to their ministerials, Messrs. Von Schöneck and Rodeneck, who can be traced back to 1140. In 1290 they divided the property and in 1320 a division of the estate, which resulted in a separate court, Niedervintl, which was awarded to Arnold von Schöneck. Obervintl stayed with the Schöneck court and thus took a different administrative history. When Arnold von Schöneck sold part of his possessions in 1336, it was the Brixen bishop Albert von Enn who acquired Niedervintl for 200 marks. From then on, the Niedervintl court remained in the possession of the bishop until it was secularized in 1803.

The landlords are important for the history of the settlement because they organized the development of the settlement. Their registers of ownership , insofar as they are still available, and the notarizations of changes in ownership enable first insights and the reconstruction of early history. The earliest manorial lords that can be documented belonged to the secular nobility . The Neustift monastery , the Brixen cathedral chapter, but above all the Bressanone monastery, enjoyed great increases in property over the years through donations . The Bressanone bishopric became by far the largest manorial lordship and around 1400 owned 72 manorial farms in the Niedervintl court.

Modern times

The area of ​​today's municipality Vintl in the Atlas Tyrolensis (1774) - the judicial border between Upper and Lower Vintl is clearly recognizable.

Niedervintl, Weitental and Pfunders formed a prince-bishop's court until 1803, which was responsible for administration and jurisdiction . After the secularization of the ecclesiastical principalities, it passed into state administration. After Tyrol came under Bavarian administration in 1805 , the Niedervintl court became part of the Rodeneck court with its seat in Mühlbach . An administrative reform in 1811 introduced the separation of powers in the spirit of a modern state and established the communities of Niedervintl, Weitental and Pfunders as new administrative units, which in 1850 were subordinate to the Brixen district court. The municipality of Obervintl was subordinated to the Regional Court of Bruneck in 1827 .

During the time of the French Wars, the local rifle companies took part in several skirmishes under the leadership of the then postmaster von Niedervintl, Bartlmä von Guggenberg and the curate von Weitental, Georg Lantschner. After Italy entered the war on May 23, 1915, they were used on the Dolomite front. After the First World War , the southern part of Tyrol was assigned to the Italian state. As a result of the fascist seizure of power, the German language was gradually banned from the parish rooms and schools. From 1925, illegal catacomb schools were set up in all localities , in which auxiliary teachers taught the children lessons in German until 1943. In 1926 the mayors ( Podestà ) replaced the elected mayors. In 1929, a government decree merged the municipalities of Obervintl, Niedervintl, Weitental and Pfunders to form the municipality of Vintl. In the course of the option - the call to the South Tyroleans arising from the Hitler-Mussolini Agreement to either become Reich Germans or to submit to Italianization - around 540 people emigrated from the community in the period from 1939 to 1943.

On the night of August 15-16, 1956, the tax officer Raimondo Falqui was killed in Pfunders, which resulted in the much-noticed " Pfunderer Trial ".

In the school year 1963/64 a middle school was established in Niedervintl . In the years from 1960 onwards, more and more foreign companies settled in the community.

In May 2012 an arson attack was carried out on the asylum seekers' home Fischerhaus.

Church buildings

The old one, St. Urban square choir in Vintl, whose origins go back to the Romanesque construction period, was first mentioned in a document in 1378. Today it stands inconspicuously next to the baroque church, which was rebuilt between 1760 and 1763 and painted by Josef Anton Zoller . The frescoes in the old church, some of which are attributed to the masters Hans von Bruneck and Leonhard von Brixen , are interesting in terms of art history .

A church building was mentioned for Weitental as early as 1180. The St. Thomas was consecrated in 1777 with a new nave in the Baroque style , which Johann Mitterwurzer from Mühlbach painted.

The residents of Pfunders have chosen a scenic location for their Martinskirche. The first mention of a pastoral activity, which testifies to the existence of a church, comes from the year 1397. The nave was rebuilt in the years up to 1808 and painted by Franz Altmutter .

For Obervintl, the Nikolaus patronage indicates a church that could have existed long before it was first mentioned around 1300. The uniformly Gothic building from the end of the 15th century was changed to Baroque style in 1749 and frescoed ceilings in 1891. From the carved altar from 1490 by Hans Klocker, only the figure of the church patron , which was later painted over, is preserved.

Mining in Pfunders

Several attempts have been made for Pfunders to exploit the not very productive ore deposits. In 1541, the Bishop of Brixen was informed that Fugger miners were mining gold and copper in Weitenberg without his consent and that the ore was lined up over the Pfundererjoch to Sterzing. The bishop had the mining activities stopped and also refused to give his consent to further efforts in 1707 and 1736, which were based on an initiative of the government of the Upper Austrian provinces in Innsbruck. A last attempt in the years 1807-1809 failed because of the insufficient productivity of the ore deposits.

The marble quarrying (chlorite slate), reported for the first time in 1722, was more successful . At that time, deliveries went to Bavaria for the construction of the monastery church in Ettal . In 1724, the Brixen Hofrat forbade stonemasons from Bavaria to work and transport them, because the use of this stone was probably already planned for the new construction of the Brixen Cathedral (1745–1755). In Vintl, the construction of a marble saw was approved for this purpose in 1727. How the mining activity developed further is not known. In 1822 Beda Weber reported that in the Gaiskofel the marble was breaking down in beautiful slabs, which were then used in the construction of the Franzensfeste . In 1963, the entrepreneur Dieter Grünig from Erlenbach / Odenwald in Germany activated the mining of these stones (chlorite slate and serpentine in Dun, quartzite on the Gaiskofel) and founded a plant in Pfunders for this purpose.

population

A fireplace count from 1596 states that 68 fireplaces were counted in Niedervintl, 58 in Weitental and 60 in Pfunders. Otherwise, certain conclusions about the population in earlier times can only be made from the scanty hints and descriptions of individual curates who gave pastoral care to the villages. According to this, the population in Pfunders exceeded the thousand mark in certain epochs. The living conditions were catastrophic by today's standards, as up to 30 people lived in a larger house. In the course of the 19th century, the population decreased continuously. This trend was only reversed after the First World War.

The last official census in 2001 counted 3,108 people in Vintl, 97.9% of whom were German, 1.9% Italian and 0.2% Ladin ( belonging to a language group plays an important role in South Tyrol's public life ) . The number of women was 1,521 and the number of men was 1,587.

Age pyramid of Vintl according to the 2001 census

regional customs

The old customs, which were often based on the worship of the dead, belief in ghosts, fertility magic and emergency situations and which were often given a religious overprint, accompanied the daily life of the population, who used to be completely involved in mountain farming, throughout the year. Many of the old customs have disappeared today because they have lost their livelihood with modern ways of life (mobility, television, decline in the importance of agriculture). Some survived, albeit in a submerged, alienated form. An old custom is donut begging . It has been preserved in Pfunders.

dialect

Pustrerisch is the main language spoken in the municipality . This includes that the Middle High German uo (e.g. muoter, bru or mother, brother) is pronounced as ui (Muito, Bruido). The Middle High German ei (stone, leg), which appears east of Bruneck in the upper Pustertal as a long a (Staan, Baan), is pronounced in the middle and lower Pustertal as oa (Stoan, Boan). The long o (in bread, red, large, ear) becomes oa or ue (broăt, roăt, large).

In Pfunders a noticeable linguistic peculiarity has survived, for which the people of Pfunders were often laughed at by the initiated (Pfundra Stééßa) or evoked questioning incomprehension when they used their dialect abroad. In Pfunders, Little Red Riding Hood would ask in the famous fairy tale: “Muito, wos hosch'en du wella grééßa rééta Éérn?” (Mother, what kind of big red ears do you have?), Whereby the light e | és, which replaces the oă or ue in roăt, large, sounds like this és ^{? / i} . That is why many of the Fundresians nowadays adapt to the dialect that is common there, but at home they have remained true to the ancient tongue to this day.

Personalities

Born here

• Christian Peintner the Elder J. (1652–1733), innkeeper, lawyer and customs inspector, raised to the nobility in 1707: von Trojensbach
• Arthur von Wallpach zu Schwanenfeld (1866–1946), poet and writer
• Severin Leitner (1945–2015), Roman Catholic theologian, Jesuit

With reference to the community

• Christian Peintner the Elder Ä. (1603–1686), innkeeper and lawyer in Niedervintl, died here
• Franz Altmutter (1745–1817), painter, created the frescoes in the St. Martin's Church in Pfunders
• Karl Gruber (* 1943), Roman Catholic theologian and art historian, professor at the Philosophical-Theological University of Brixen, grew up in Vintl

politics

mayor

Municipal Council (2015)

6th

12

6th 12 

A total of 18 seats

• Independent : 6
• South Tyrolean People's Party : 12

Mayor since 1951:

• Hubert Achammer: 1951–1956
• Viktor Seebacher: 1956–1964
• Anton Weissteiner: 1964–1969
• Johann Mayr: 1969–1978
• Josef Seebacher: 1978–1995
• Rudolf Cerbaro: 1995-2010
• Walter Huber: since 2010

Cooperation with neighboring communities

The municipality of Vintl is a member of the Pustertal district community . The district communities are supraregional administrative structures and since the passing of State Law No. 7 of March 20, 1991, corporations under public law , which perform both their own and delegated tasks in the sense of administrative decentralization. The precursors of the district communities were the valley communities, which were supposed to promote the entire economic interests of the mountain areas. Important tasks of the district communities are waste disposal in the broadest sense (waste management, sewage, technical services) and the management of social services (e.g. financial social assistance, advice centers, shared apartments, etc.).

Municipal coat of arms

Blazon : The municipal coat of arms shows two upright white bear paws facing each other on a red background .

Declaration of coat of arms: It is borrowed from the family coat of arms of the Vintler family , which probably originally came from Vintl and is mentioned in Bozen in 1140 . This family later became very wealthy. In 1385, Niklaus Vintler and his brother Franz acquired the Runkelstein Castle at the entrance to the Sarntal in Bozen. They had the complex rebuilt and furnished with a secular cycle of frescoes between 1388 and 1410, which deals with court life and with the story of Tristan and Isolde . The frescoes are painted in the " soft style ", as the "court art" or the "international Gothic" is called around 1400.

Local partnerships

Pfunders has had a local partnership with Siegsdorf in the Upper Bavarian district of Traunstein since 1970 . This partnership originally developed out of exchanges of letters from students, which Albin Oberhofer, a primary school teacher from Fundres based, initiated after a visit in 1962.

Historical building stock

See also : List of architectural monuments in Vintl

There are 34 (as of 2012) listed objects in the area of ​​the municipality of Vintl. In addition to the churches and chapels, this mainly includes rural architecture such as farms, mills and grain boxes.

education

Vintl is the seat of a German school district . This includes the four primary schools in Niedervintl, Obervintl, Weitental and Pfunders, as well as the middle school in Niedervintl. The primary school in the neighboring municipality of Terenten is also connected to the school district.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture

Until the 1960s, agriculture and cattle breeding were almost the sole livelihood of the population in the municipality of Vintl. The mountain farming and strict self-sufficiency orientated way of life had remained almost the same for most of the people through the centuries. This world of mountain farmers, which was caught up in ancient traditions and embedded in a complex network of religious and secular customs and traditions, began to experience a radical change that had never been seen before in the 1960s. The achievements of technology, such as electricity and the new machines, were less of the reason for the fundamental change in mentality that took hold in the peasant world. What weighed more heavily - seen through the eyes of the farmers - and no longer allowed the maintenance of the status quo, were the employment alternatives for all the servants , who had previously been no shortage, and who migrated in droves to the newly established industrial plants or from the booming service sector , like tourism in the Dolomites area .

The farmers had to realize that many labor-intensive activities, which used to be a matter of course in the farming year (and which in today's understanding had helped to create and maintain this unique cultural landscape), could no longer be carried out because the staff was no longer there . The result was a restructuring process in which most of the people at this altitude specialized in dairy farming and grassland management. Since then, the milk has been collected by the Brixen dairy truck's tanker, which processes it into mozzarella , cheese and yoghurt products. Many small farms were ultimately only able to survive as supplementary farms. The public sector made an important contribution, ensuring that all farms in the municipality and many alpine pastures are now accessible via access roads. Today the mountain farmers are seen more and more as the guardians of an old cultural landscape, for the maintenance of which the public purse guarantees contributions.

Company sizes in Vintl in 2000
Size in ha	number	in %
less than 2	29	13.8
2 to 5	50	23.8
5 to 10	52	24.8
10 to 20	37	17.6
20 to 50	24	11.4
greater than 50	18th	8.6

In the 2000 agricultural census, 275 farms were counted, 126 of which were full-time farms, 124 part-time farms and 25 were ranked among the others. 124 farms stated at the time that they kept cattle. Broken down according to fractions, there is a certain balance between the different farm sizes in Pfunders, whereby it must also be taken into account that Pfunders owns the vast majority of alpine pastures. In Weitental, almost two thirds of all farmers own less than 5 hectares of arable and meadow land and cannot make a living from agriculture alone. Similarly, small-scale businesses are predominant in Obervintl, but there are some stately farms opposite them. Niedervintl is a case in itself. The majority of the farms there are in the hands of a few owners and the remaining farms are additional gainful businesses because of their small size. Today only 2.4% of the approximately 4,600 ha of usable area is used as arable land, everything else is used for grassland cultivation. In 2000, 2,117 cattle, 31 horses, 84 pigs and 748 sheep and goats were statistically recorded as livestock. In comparison, a census around 1930 showed 1344 cattle, 90 horses, 398 goats and 892 sheep.

The smallholders use various opportunities for additional income. Some find employment in the nearby ski areas of Vals and Meransen in winter, others work as handlers at construction companies or have specialized in the manufacture of farm utensils, but most have found work in industrial companies and only manage their farms with the help of family members more on the side.

The inhabitants of the Pfunder Valley have adapted their way of life to modern requirements, but the traces of what today seems archaic former farm life have not completely disappeared. Much was preserved in Pfunders. The interested visitor is impressively shown many nuances of the rural world on guided circular hikes along the Pfunderer Höfeweg, which was designed by landscape planner Stefan Gasser and which was officially handed over to its destination in autumn 2012.

Craft and industry

In the old chronicles, craftsmen are named again and again, but how they lived in the past and whether they pursued their profession permanently is not clear from these written documents. From sources from other areas of Tyrol it is known that craftsmen in rural areas used to have very difficult times. They were mostly small farmers themselves and earned extra income as craftsmen in a certain sector . There are indications that weavers , bakers and blacksmiths existed in Niedervintl who sought to protect themselves from the "stearers" through episcopal privilege . The "stearers" were therefore illegal or wild craftsmen. From house names in the individual villages one can also deduce the at least temporary existence of a corresponding craftsman, such as tailor , binder , shoemaker , miller or tanner . In any case, the municipal area was not golden ground for the craftsmen. The situation gradually changed only in the 1960s. Businesses settled in, people now found work outside of agriculture and could afford purchases, from which the craftsmen began to benefit. It was a time in which there was noticeable economic progress throughout South Tyrol . In 2006, there were 89 craft and industrial companies in Vintl, 90% of which were small companies with up to 9 employees, 7.5% small companies with 10 to 49 employees and 2.1% medium-sized companies.

Important employers

An entrepreneurial family that has stood out for Vintl in terms of employment policy through its persistence, willingness to innovate and through constant expansion, comes from Niedervintl itself and set the course for the future there in the 19th century, the Rieper family. Alois Anton Rieper had acquired the renowned Postgasthof in Niedervintl in 1860, with which a stately farm and a sawmill were still connected. As a result, in 1901, the Riepers were the first entrepreneurs in South Tyrol to use water power to generate electrical energy . By purchasing the Brücklechner property in 1907, the family further increased their water rights and also came into possession of a small art mill, the so-called “ Rieper mill ”, which was expanded in 1914 and ultimately became the main economic field of activity. In 1948 concentrate production was added as a new division, which is now the number one sales driver. With 115 employees, A. Rieper AG is the market leader in the art mill sector in South Tyrol.

Another company that has made an important contribution to the economic development of the Pfunderer valley is the Grünig company. In 1963 Dieter Grünig from Erlenbach / Odenwald set up a plant in Pfunders, the Grünig Marble Industry, to reactivate the mining of the “Pfunderer marble”. This means the chlorite slate and the serpentine , which were already mined in 1722. In addition, the mining of crystal quartzite was initiated in the Gaiskofel. In between, the company has also experimented with other product lines and at times employed 80 people at the Pfunders plant alone. Today the company is called Grünig Natursteine ​​GmbH, based in Sterzing and employing around 40 people.

A branch of the vehicle technology company AL-KO with headquarters in Kötz in Swabia has increased the most in terms of employment . The Vintler production facility started in 1970 with 27 employees, today there are around 150. The products are axles for commercial vehicles, frame profiles, stabilizer couplings, chassis, overrun devices and other special vehicle parts for car trailers.

"Lodencity"

In 1960, a textile processing company from Aschaffenburg under the name Panva had settled in Vintl, which from 1970 onwards employed up to 100 people, preferably women, under the name Pantex. In the mid-1990s, this company got caught up in the general crisis that brought the textile industry in Europe to its knees. The departure of Pantex from the company structure of the municipality was a severe blow to the employment situation. Because the location is very convenient in terms of transport, a few years later a local entrepreneur, Manfred Profanter, and the Bolzano entrepreneur Heiner Oberrauch took the risk of initiating a restructuring of this part of the Vintl industrial park. This created a gastronomic center (hotel / restaurant Lodenwirt) and a loden factory with an attached loden adventure world, a kind of museum in which the production of loden is brought to the visitors in a “multi-sensory” manner. This business park has quickly developed into a surprisingly dynamic economic center. For outsiders it is not entirely understandable that Vintl still suffers from it in part. Some Vintlers complain that the “Loden Adventure World”, located outside the town center, harms the traditional gastronomy and thus the infrastructure rather than benefits.

Hospitality

The inn , which has the earliest documented mention, was the "Wirt an der Bruggen" in Niedervintl, which was mentioned in 1500 in connection with a guarantee , later called Gasthof zur Post and in 1928 it was closed. The Gasthof Hochrainer follows in 1601 and in 1640, the wine taverns Gisser and Obwieser in Weitental and those of Georg Weisstainer, Valtin Untergasser and Sebastian Obergasser in Pfunders are also mentioned in a bar penny bill. In the years 1700 and 1719 in Niedervintl the "Wirt an der Bruggen", the Hochrainer and the Rosenwirt, in Weitental the Gisser and in Pfunders the Untergasser paid the bar pfennig, a beverage tax. In certain emergencies, the Bishop of Brixen also gave other people the right to run a wine tavern from time to time. This authorization was then revoked when the emergency no longer existed. The innkeepers in Niedervintl had the duty to perform pre-tensioning services and to provide food and accommodation for military units passing through. The associated costs were paid from the drinks tax that was collected, as far as they were sufficient. The Brixner Hofkammer carried the differences.

Overnight stays in the municipality of Vintl
Factions	Year 2004	Year 2005	Year 2006
Niedervintl (755 m)	16,844	20,000	20.205
Obervintl (765 m)	16,373	17.002	15,754
Weitental (863 m)	18,677	21,567	18,148
Pfunders (1159 m)	4,008	3,400	3,460
Vintl community as a whole	55.902	61,969	57,567

The first tourist movements started after the opening of the Pustertalbahn in 1871. Even before the turn of the century, there must have been tentative alpine tourism in the Zillertal Alps because there was talk of building a refuge on the Eisbruggjoch as early as 1895. In 1908 the Edelrauthütte was opened on the Eisbruggjoch. It is on record that guests contributed to the financing of the brass music in Niedervintl. These beginnings of tourism ended with the First World War. Since then, tourism can only be spoken of in the municipality again from the 1950s. In 1959 the tourist office was founded. In 1978 all localities joined the Vintl / Pfunderer Tal tourist office. The number of overnight stays rose slowly: 1960: 7,583, 1970: 7,066, 1976: 19,682, they jumped to 42,000 in 1978 and reached 51,962 in 1980.

The development of the number of overnight stays in the table allows the assumption that the tourism potential has not yet been exhausted. However, winter tourism is limited by the geomorphological configuration of the entire Pfunderer valley, which is completely unsuitable for winter sports activities. The slopes of the valley are too steep and dangerous for avalanches, the slopes in the valley floor, which are suitable for winter sports, are too short. A connection to the Gitschberg - Meransen ski area from Weitental, which is often targeted , never came about.

traffic

Vintl station

Vintl is conveniently located in terms of transport. The Pustertal Railway was opened as early as 1871 and connects the Brenner railway line from Franzensfeste with the southern railway line to Vienna.

State road 49 - which is part of European route 66 - also leads past Ober- and Niedervintl . The road crossed the village until October 28, 1935. Then the new state road, which bypasses the town center, was opened. On June 17, 2011, a more spacious bypass was opened. This bypasses Niedervintl about 50 m further south and was supplemented in 2015 by a bypass for Obervintl.

From Vintl the road branches off to Terenten , which leads through fragile granite slopes to an extensive low mountain plateau . The towns in the Pfunderer Valley can also be easily reached by traffic. All farms in the municipality have a road access. From Weitental a road branches off to the Kegelberg, which connects numerous farms there with the valley and continues over the Stoller Sattel to Meransen.

Culture and sport

The cultural life of Vintl is shaped by the local associations. In addition to three music bands (traditional costume bands) in Niedervintl, Pfunders and Weitental, there are four church choirs in Niedervintl, Obervintl and Weitental and Pfunders, a young women's choir in Obervintl (GeVauO), a women's choir and a youth choir in Weitental, a women's singing group in Pfunders, three youth bands (" Young Music Band Vintl "," Weitntola Spotzn "and" Jugendkapelle Pfunders ") and two theater groups (Pfunders Heimatbühne and Weitental theater group). Three rifle companies (Schützenkompanie "Bartlmä v. Guggenberg" Vintl, Schützenkompanie "G. Lantschner" Weitental and Schützenkompanie Pfunders) contribute to the maintenance of customs.

Popular sports are offered by the ASV (focus on football and decathlon groups) and a martial arts club (Yoseikan Budo Vintl). There is also a local group of the Alpine Club South Tyrol (AVS).

Disaster chronicle

Fires

Up until the present day, the localities were almost all scattered settlements. In most cases, only individual courtyards or houses were affected by fires. Most likely, a more densely populated town center developed in Niedervintl earlier, which was more susceptible to cross-house fires. One such happened on May 18, 1917. At that time, a major fire caused by children on fire destroyed five houses. The fact that the fire did not spread is also due to the Russian prisoners of war who helped fight the fire. One of the biggest fire disasters in Pfunders was the cremation of the Oberhof and Unterkircherhof on the night of August 26-27, 1930.

Floods

Severe catastrophes often stick in the collective memory for a long time. For Obervintl, the cloudbreak of the century over Terenten on July 11, 1837 must have been such an event. There were 6 deaths at that time and the Mühlbach in Obervintl carried so much debris with it that the Rienza was dammed and all the lower-lying properties were flooded up to St. Sigmund. A particularly severe flood is that of September 1882, when the railway embankment between Ehrenburg and Niedervintl was torn away over a length of 3 km. In 1917 the "Samerbruch" fell in Pfunders and the Schneidergraben muddyed and destroyed 15 buildings. Unusually heavy rainfall, which also caused sudden snowmelt in the Eisbruggsee area, caused the Pfunderer Bach to swell into a torrential stream on June 29, 1959, which caused severe damage down the valley.

Avalanches

The side slopes of the Pfunders valley are very steep, so that there are many potential avalanche stretches that can threaten certain districts of Pfunders and Weitental after exceptionally heavy snowfall. The parish chronicle of Pfunders reports of 27 avalanche deaths in 1689. A memorable winter disaster was that of 1888, when, in addition to serious damage to property, eight people were lost in Pfunders and one in Weitental. Huge amounts of snow triggered numerous avalanches in the winter of 1951. Six people were killed in Pfunders, half of the village farmer's family was wiped out. In Weitental the avalanche of the most notorious avalanche zone, the Kammerschiener trench, killed a man.

literature

• Paul Gruber (Ed.): Vintl: History and presence of a community. Vintl 1981 ( online ).
• Karl Gruber : Church art in Niedervintl, Obervintl, Weitental and Pfunders . Tappeiner Verlag, Lana 1994, ISBN 88-7073-171-5 .

Individual evidence

The main source for this article was the book: Paul Gruber (Ed.): Vintl: History and Presence of a Community.

1. ↑ http://www.provinz.bz.it/urbanistica/download/Landuse_proGemeinde.xls Area statistics of the real usage map at the municipality and district level
2. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community . Contribution to economic geography by Paul Lang, p. 437
3. ↑ http://www.provincia.bz.it/astat/download/LZ_2000_new.pdf 5th Agriculture Census 2000
4. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community . (See literature), p. 430
5. ↑ Paul Gruber: Vintl : Past and present of a community : Contribution to the alpine vegetation of the Pfunderertal by Dr. Gaudenz Lechner, p. 39 ff
6. ↑ Steinwild in Pfunders. In: Gemeindebote No. 40, 16th volume, p. 40 ff.
7. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community . Treatise on geology by Dr. Gaudenz Lechner and Dr. Regina Oberhofer Lechner, p. 9 ff.
8. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community . Contribution to the morphology of Dr. Gaudenz Lechner and Dr. Regina Oberhofer Lechner, p. 20 ff.
9. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 1: Up to the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 135-137 No. 170 .
10. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. Etymology of some place names in the municipality of Vintl, p. 133 ff.
11. ^ ^{A b} Paul Gruber: Vintl: history and present of a community. Administrative history overview, p. 136 ff.
12. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. The importance of manorial rule for settlement construction, p. 148 ff.
13. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. Vintl in national defense, p. 91 ff.
14. ^ South Tyrol: arson attack on refugee home. In: tirol.orf.at. May 3, 2012, accessed October 22, 2017 . 
15. ^ Karl Gruber: Church art in Niedervintl, Obervintl, Weitental and Pfunders. Tappeiner, Bozen 1994, ISBN 88-7073-171-5 .
16. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. Mining in Pfunders, p. 202 ff.
17. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and Presence of a Community : First Population Numbers, p. 147 ff.
18. ↑ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and Presence of a Community : The Living Conditions, p. 424 ff.
19. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community : The census data until 1910, p. 459; the census data from 1921 are ISTAT data
20. ↑ State Institute Astat, Autonomous Province of Bolzano 14. General census . (PDF; 948 kB)
21. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 . 
22. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. The coat of arms of the municipality of Vintl, p. 4
23. ↑ School district Vintl. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network , accessed on October 25, 2014 . 
24. ↑ http://tirolatlas.uibk.ac.at/data/sheet.py/index?lang=de;name=agriculture;id=210110
25. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. P. 436.
26. ↑ Excerpts from such a hike on YouTube [1] Also an integral part of farm life - pulling hay in winter
27. ↑ http://www.rieper.com/
28. ↑ http://www.gruenig-natursteine.com/
29. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
30. ↑ http://www.eurac.edu/webscripts/eurac/services/viewblobnews.asp?newsid=1529  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
31. ↑ http://www.ff-online.com/php/article.phtml?issue_id=4448&bgcolor=1  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
32. ↑ http://www.ff-online.com/php/readerletters.phtml?bgcolor=1&issue_id=292  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
33. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. P. 195 ff.
34. ↑ http://root.riskommunal.net/gemeinde/vintl/gemeindeamt/download/VintlNr60-4.pdf
35. ^ Paul Gruber: Vintl: History and presence of a community. P. 458.
36. ↑ http://www.provinz.bz.it/lpa/service/news.asp?archiv_action=4&archiv_article_id=365284
37. ↑ http://www.provinz.bz.it/news/de/news.asp?news_action=4&news_article_id=520988
38. ↑ Source: Homepage of the municipality of Vintl

Web links

Commons : Vintl  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website of the municipality of Vintl
• Landscape plan of the municipality of Vintl . Office for Landscape Ecology, Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol (PDF file)
• Entry in the Tirol Atlas of the Institute for Geography at the University of Innsbruck

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on May 21, 2008 in this version .