List of heads of state 1348

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Africa

• Egypt ( Bahri Dynasty )
  • Sultan : an-Nasir al-Hasan (1347-1351) (1354-1361)

• Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
  • Sultan : Abu Said Uthman II (1348-1352)
  • Sultan: Al-Zaim Abu Thabit I (1348-1352)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Newaya Krestos (1344–1372)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Umar II (1346-1348)
  • Caliph: Ahmad I (1348-1350)

• Kingdom of Mali
  • King : Suleyman (1341-1360)

• Morocco ( Merinids )
  • Sultan : Abu l-Hasan (1331-1351)

• Empire Kanem
  • King : Idris I. Nikale (1335-1359)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Ténoch (1325-1371)

• Inca Empire
  • Sinchi : Cápac Yupanqui (approx. 1320 – approx. 1350)

Asia

• Kingdom of the White Mutton (Ak Koyunlu)
  • Ruler: Tur Ali Bey (1340 – ca. 1362)

• Champa
  • King : Chê Mô (1342–1352)

• China and Mongolia ( Yuan Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Toghan Timur (1333-1368)

• Delhi
  • Sultan : Muhammad Shah II (1325-1351)

• Georgia
  • King : David IX. (1346-1360)

• Empire of the Golden Horde
  • Khan: Dschani Beg (1342-1357)
  • Partial ruler in Western Siberia: Cimtay (around 1344–1361)

• Iraq
  • Ruler ( Jalairids ): Hasan Buzurg the Great (1336–1356)

• Iran: see Persia

• Japan
  • Emperor ( Südhof ): Go-Murakami (1339–1368)
  • Emperor (north court): Kōmyō (1336-1348)
  • Emperor (north court): Sukō (1348–1352)
  • Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Takauji (1338-1358)

• Kambuja ( Khmer )
  • King: Paramathakemaraja (1330-1353)

• Lesser Armenia
  • King : Constantine V (1344-1362)

• Korea ( Goryeo Dynasty )
  • King : Chungmok Wang (1344-1348)
  • King: Chungjeong Wang (1348-1351)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Orhan I (1326-1359)

• Persia
  • Ruler ( Muzaffariden in Isfahan): Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad (1314–1358)
  • War of Succession among the Ilkhan people (Emir Aschraf (1343-1356) in Tabriz)

• Ryūkyū Islands
  • King: Satto (1321-1395)

• Sukhothai
  • King : Li Thai (1347-1370)

• Trebizond
  • Emperor : Michael Komnenos (1341), (1344-1349)

• Chagatai Khanate
  • Khan in the eastern part: Tughluk Timur (1347-1363)
  • in the western part of Emir Kazagan (1346-1357) for the nominal ruler Bayan Kuli Khan

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Count of Foix : Gaston III. (1343-1391)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Nicola Capocci (1348–1351)

• Athens
  • Duke : John II of Sicily (1338–1348)
  • Duke: Frederick I of Sicily (1348–1355)

• Bulgaria
  • Tsar : Ivan Alexander (1331-1371)

• Burgundy
  • Duke : Odo IV. , (1315-1350)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : John V (1341-1391)

• Denmark
  • King : Waldemar IV. (1340-1376)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Heinrich Dusemer (1345–1351)

• England
  • King : Edward III. (1327-1377)

• France
  • King : Philip VI. (1328-1350)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Charles IV (1346–1378), emperor from 1355
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Walram von Jülich (1332-1349)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Gerlach von Nassau (1346-1371)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Baldwin of Luxembourg (1307-1354)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Charles IV (1346-1378)
    • Brandenburg
      • Margrave : Ludwig I (1323-1351)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Count Palatine : Rudolf II. (1329-1353)
    • Saxony
      • Duke : Rudolf I (1298–1356)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. von Schönegg (1337-1348)
      • Bishop: Marquard I of Randeck (1348-1365)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe (1344–1352)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Johann II. Senn von Münsingen (1335–1365) (1337–1338 administrator of Strasbourg)
    • Besançon Archbishopric
      • Archbishop : Hugues VI. de Vienne (1334-1355)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Dietrich II. Kothe (1347–1365)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : Otto I. Count of Oldenburg (1344-1348)
      • Archbishop: Godfried Graf von Arnsberg (1348–1359)
      • Administrator: Moritz Graf von Oldenburg (1348–1359)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Matthäus Andergassen (1336-1363)
    • Cambrai Monastery
      • Sedi vacancy (1347-1349)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Johann I of Saxony-Lauenburg (1344–1372)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Konrad von Liechtenstein (1330-1354)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Ulrich V. von Lenzburg (1331–1355)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Albrecht I of Hohenfels (1344–1351)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : John II. Hake (1340-1349)
    • Geneva Monastery
      • Bishop : Alamand de Saint-Jeoire (1342-1366)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Bishop : Albrecht II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1324–1358)
      • Counterbishop: Albrecht von Mansfeld (1346–1356)
    • Hochstift Havelberg
      • Bishop : Burkhard I. von Bardeleben (1341-1348)
      • Bishop: Burkhard II. Count von Lindow-Ruppin (1348–1370)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. from Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1331-1362)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Ulrich Pfefferhard (1345–1351)
    • Lausanne bishopric
      • Bishop : François Prévôt (1347-1354)
    • Lübeck bishopric
      • Bishop : John IV Mul (1341-1350)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : Engelbert von der Mark (1345–1364)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg
      • Archbishop : Otto von Hessen (1327-1361)
    • Meissen Abbey
      • Bishop : Johann I. von Isenburg (1341 / 42–1370)
    • Merseburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich V zu Stolberg (1341–1357)
    • Metz bishopric
      • Bishop : Ademar von Monteil (1327-1361)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Bishop : Gerhard I. von Schauenburg (1346-1353)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Ludwig II of Hesse (1310-1357)
    • Naumburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Witticho I of Ostrau (1335-1348)
      • Bishop: Johann I (1348–1351)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Bishop : Gottfried von Arnsberg (1321-1349)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Baldwin von Steinfurt (1341-1361)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Gottfried von Weißeneck (1342-1362)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Volrad von dem Dorne (1335-1355)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich of Nuremberg (1340-1365)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Ortolf von Weißeneck (1343–1365)
    • Schwerin Monastery
      • Bishop : Willekin Pape (1347-1348)
      • Bishop: Andreas of Wislica (1348–1356)
    • Hochstift Sitten
      • Bishop : Witschard Tavelli (1342-1375)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Gerhard von Ehrenberg (1336-1363)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Berthold II of Buchegg (1328-1353)
    • Toul Monastery
      • Bishop : Thomas de Bourlemont (1330-1353)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Gerardo II. Di Magnoco (1347-1348)
      • Bishop: Johann III. of Pistoia (1348–1349)
    • Utrecht Monastery
      • Bishop : John IV of Arkel (1342-1364)
    • Verden Monastery
      • Bishop : Daniel von Wichtrich (1342–1363)
    • Verdun Monastery
      • Bishop : Henrich IV of Aspremont (1312-1349)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : Salmann Cleman (1329-1359)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Albrecht I of Hohenberg (1345–1349)
  • secular principalities
    • Stop
      • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
        • Prince : Bernhard III. (1318-1348)
        • Prince: Bernhard IV. (1348–1354)
      • Anhalt-Zerbst
        • Prince : Albrecht II (1316–1362)
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Hermann IX. (1333-1353)
    • Bavaria (joint government of the sons of Ludwig IV from 1347–1349)
      • Duke : Ludwig V (1347-1349), in Upper Bavaria (1349-1361)
      • Duke: Stephan II. (1347-1349), in Lower Bavaria (1349-1353), in Bavaria-Landshut (1353-1375)
      • Duke: Ludwig VI. (1347-1349), in Upper Bavaria (1349-1351)
      • Duke: Wilhelm I (1347-1349), in Lower Bavaria (1349-1353), in Bavaria-Straubing (1353-1358 / 1389)
      • Duke: Albrecht I (1347-1349), in Lower Bavaria (1349-1353), in Bavaria-Straubing (1353/1358 / 1389-1404)
      • Duke: Otto V. the Lazy (1347-1349), in Upper Bavaria (1349-1351), in Bavaria-Landshut and Upper Bavaria (1373-1379)
    • Berg (1348–1395 personal union with Ravensberg)
      • Count : Adolf VI. (1308-1348)
      • Count: Gerhard (1348-1360)
    • Brabant, Limburg and Lower Lorraine
      • Duke : Johann III. (1312-1355)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Braunschweig-Göttingen
        • Duke : Ernst I (1344-1367)
      • Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
        • Duke: Heinrich II. (1322-1351)
        • Duke: Ernst I (1322-1361)
        • Duke: Wilhelm (1322-1360)
      • Braunschweig-Lüneburg
        • Duke : Otto III. (1330-1352)
        • Duke: Wilhelm II. (1330-1369)
      • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
        • Duke : Magnus I, the Pious (1344–1369)
    • Flanders
      • Count : Ludwig von Maele (1346–1384)
    • Funds
      • Duke : Rainald III. (1343-1361)
    • Hanau
      • Lord : Ulrich III. (1346–1369 / 70)
    • Hainaut (personal union with Holland)
      • Countess : Margaret II (1345-1356)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Heinrich II. (1328–1376)
    • Holland (personal union with Hainaut)
      • Countess : Margarethe I (1345-1354)
    • Holstein
      • Holstein-Pinneberg
        • Count: Adolf VII. (1315-1354)
      • Holstein-Plön
        • Count: Gerhard V. (1323-1350)
      • Holstein-Rendsburg
        • Count: Heinrich II. (1340-1382)
    • Jülich
      • Margrave : Wilhelm I (1328–1361) count until 1336, duke from 1356
    • Kleve
      • Count : Johann (1347-1368)
    • Limburg: see Brabant
    • Lorraine (list of rulers )
      • Lower Lorraine: see Brabant
      • Upper Lorraine , Duke: Johann I (1346–1390)
    • Luxembourg
      • Count : Karl (1346-1378)
    • Mecklenburg
      • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
        • Prince (from 1348 Duke): Albrecht II. (1329–1379)
      • Mecklenburg-Stargard
        • Prince (from 1348 duke): Johann I (1329-1392)
    • Margraviate of Meissen
      • Margrave : Friedrich II. (1323-1349)
    • Nassau
      • Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
        • Count : Adolf I. (1344-1370)
      • Nassau-Weilburg
        • Count : Johann I (1344-1371)
      • Nassau-Dillenburg
        • Count : Otto II. (1343-1350)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Heinrich IV. (1346-1395)
    • Austria
      • Duke : Albrecht II (1339-1358)
    • Pomerania
      • Pomerania-Szczecin
        • Duke : Barnim III: Wielki (1344–1368)
      • Pomerania-Wolgast
        • Duke : Bogislaw V. (1326-1374)
        • Duke: Barnim IV. (1326-1365)
        • Duke: Wartislaw V. (1326-1390)
    • Ravensberg (1348–1395 personal union with Berg)
      • Count : Gerhard I. (1346-1360)
    • Saxony-Lauenburg
      • Duke : Johann III. (1343-1356)
    • Tyrol
      • Count: Ludwig (1341-1361)
    • Württemberg
      • Count : Eberhard II, the Greiner (1344–1392)
      • Count: Ulrich IV. (1344-1362)

• Italian states
  • Estonian
    • Margrave : Francesco II (1343–1384)
  • Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
    • Lord : Obizzo III. d'Este (1326 / 36-1352)
  • Genoa
    • Doge : Giovanni di Murta (1344-1350)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Clement VI. (1342-1352)
  • Milan
    • City lord : Luchino Visconti (1339–1349)
  • Mantua
    • Imperial Vicar : Luigi I. Gonzaga (1328-1360)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Johann II. (1338–1372)
  • Naples
    • Queen : Joan I (1343–1382)
  • Rimini
    • Lord : Ferrantino Malatesta (1326-1353)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Thomas II (1340-1357)
  • San Marino
    • Capitano Regente: Foschino Calcigni (1347-1351)
  • Savoy
    • Count : Amadeus VI. (1343-1383)
  • Sicily
    • King : Ludwig (1342-1355)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Andrea Dandolo (1343-1354)
  • Verona
    • Podesta : Alberto II. Della Scala (1329-1352)
    • Podesta: Mastino II. Della Scala (1329-1351)

• Order of St. John in Rhodes
  • Grand Master : Dieudonné de Gozon (1346–1353)

• Lithuania
  • Grand Duke : Algirdas (1345–1377)

• Livonia
  • Landmeister : Goswin von Herreke (1345–1359)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur Charles I (1331-1357)

• Norway
  • King : Haakon VI. (1343-1380)

• Poland
  • King : Casimir III. (1333-1370)

• Portugal
  • King : Alfonso IV (1325-1357)

• Russia
  • Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir : Simeon Ivanovich the Proud (1341–1353)

• Scotland
  • King : David II (1329-1371)

• Sweden
  • King : Magnus II (1319-1364)

• Serbia
  • Prince : Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan (1331–1355)

• Spain
  • Aragon
    • King : Peter IV (1336-1387)
  • Cerdanya
    • Count : Jakob III. (1324-1349)
  • Granada ( Nasrid )
    • Sultan : Yusuf I (1333-1354)
  • Castile
    • King : Alfonso XI. the avenger (1312-1350)
  • Mallorca (occupied by Aragón from 1344)
    • King : Jacob III. (1324–1344 / 49)
  • Navarre
    • Queen : Joan II (1316-1318) (1328-1349)
  • Urgell
    • Countess : Cäcilia (1348)
    • Count: Peter II (1348–1408)

• Hungary
  • King : Ludwig I (1342-1382)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Basarab I. Întemeietorul (The Founder) (1310–1352)

• Cyprus
  • King : Hugo IV. (1324-1359)