Aurich

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Aurich
Aurich
Map of Germany, position of the city of Aurich highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 28 '  N , 7 ° 29'  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Aurich
Height : 4 m above sea level NHN
Area : 197.22 km 2
Residents: 42,040 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 213 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 26603, 26605, 26607
Primaries : 04941, 04947 , 04948Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : AUR, NOR
Community key : 03 4 52 001
LOCODE : DE AUR
City structure: 21 districts in 11 localities

City administration address : 		Mayor-Hippen-Platz 1
26603 Aurich
Website : www.aurich.de
Mayor : Horst Feddermann ( independent )
Location of the city of Aurich in the Aurich district
Baltrum Juist Landkreis Wittmund Landkreis Leer Memmert Norderney Nordsee Emden Landkreis Friesland Landkreis Leer Landkreis Wittmund Aurich Berumbur Berumbur Dornum Großefehn Großheide Hage Hagermarsch Halbemond Hinte Ihlow (Ostfriesland) Krummhörn Leezdorf Lütetsburg Marienhafe Norden (Ostfriesland) Osteel Rechtsupweg Südbrookmerland Upgant-Schott Upgant-Schott Wiesmoor Wirdummap
About this picture
Aurich Castle

Aurich ( East Frisian Platt : Auerk ) is the district town of the Aurich district in East Friesland in northwest Lower Saxony . Aurich is the second largest city in East Frisia - both by population (behind Emden ) and by area (behind Wittmund ). With 42,040 inhabitants, Aurich is an independent municipality and is managed as a medium-sized center in the regional planning of the State of Lower Saxony .

Over the centuries, Aurich was successively the residence of the East Frisian princes, the seat of the Prussian, Hanoverian and, in turn, Prussian administrations of East Frisia. Even after the Second World War , the city was the seat of the administrative district of the same name until it merged with the administrative district of Oldenburg and the administrative district of Osnabrück to form the administrative district of Weser-Ems (1978) with its seat in Oldenburg (Oldb), which was dissolved in 2004. Aurich's self-designation as the secret capital of East Frisia is based on this tradition .

To this day, Aurich is the seat of numerous authorities, including federal and state authorities. In addition, the East Frisian landscape , the cultural parliament of East Frisia, has its seat in the city.

After the Second World War, industrialization gradually took place in Aurich and with it a change away from a purely civil service town . In the 1990s, this became particularly clear with the rise of the wind turbine manufacturer Enercon , which is now the largest private employer in the city with more than 2,800 employees and is based in Aurich.

Aurich has been authorized to set up bilingual place-name signs in High German and Low German since 2004 .

geography

Geographical location

Table I: Land use
use Area in ha
Buildings and open spaces 1683
Operating areas 348
Recreational areas 80
Streets and squares 975
Agricultural land 14.007
Woods 2042
Waters 258
Areas of other use 332
total area 19,725

Aurich is located in the middle of the East Frisian Peninsula and has an area of ​​197.25 square kilometers with a north-south extension of 16 kilometers and an east-west extension of 19 kilometers.

Aurich's catchment area extends far beyond the city. Both the Aurich authorities and the companies not only employ workers from the city and the surrounding communities, but also from further afield. As a shopping location, Aurich also radiates far beyond the city and its immediate neighboring communities, especially due to its central location within East Frisia.

Aurich is managed as a medium-sized center in the regional planning of the state of Lower Saxony. An upgrade to a medium-sized center with upper-central sub-functions, as experienced in the neighboring town of Emden in 2007, was demanded by the majority of the council and the mayor, but the state rejected it. The state also rejected the proposal that Aurich, Leer and Emden form a joint middle center with upper-central sub-functions.

geology

Middle East Frisia was once more covered by moors than current maps suggest. Between the fens on the edge of the Geest and the high moors located above all on the apex of the East Frisian Geestrücke , sandy geest penetrations of the ground moraine were used for the establishment of settlements. On one of these, about three to nine meters above sea level, lies the Aurich core city.

Geest and moor shape large parts of the urban area, almost three quarters of which is used for agriculture. Aurich also has an above-average forest area - in comparison with the East Frisian region. A good tenth of the city's area is forested, which makes Aurich the East Frisian municipality with the third highest proportion of forest in the total area after the joint municipality of Hage and the neighboring municipality of Friedeburg . In addition to forests, wall hedges make up a large part of the tree population in the city of Aurich. They shape the landscape in the outer areas of the urban area on the Geest.

Neighboring communities

Surrounding municipalities (clockwise, starting in the west) are Südbrookmerland and Großheide (both districts of Aurich), Eversmeer , Westerholt , Neuschoo and Blomberg (all integrated municipality of Holtriem in the district of Wittmund), Dunum (integrated municipality of Esens in the district of Wittmund), the district town of Wittmund itself as well Friedeburg (district of Wittmund) and finally Wiesmoor , Großefehn and Ihlow (again all in the district of Aurich). Aurich is the municipality with most of the neighboring communities in East Friesland. This also applies if the member communities of the named joint communities are not counted individually.

City structure

Districts of the city of Aurich

As a result of the municipal reform in 1972, many formerly independent municipalities have been incorporated into the city of Aurich. From the resulting 21 districts, 11 localities were formed, in which local interests are represented by local councils.

The population density in the city of Aurich is - as a result of the municipal reform - extremely unevenly distributed. In the city center, which until 1972 represented the city of Aurich, a population density can be found that has metropolitan level: more than 2,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. At the other end of the scale, the Brockzetel district, which is characterized by forest, bog and agricultural land, has around 20 inhabitants per square kilometer, not even an eleventh of the national average.

Districts of the city of Aurich
Locality District Area in km² Inhabitants December 31, 2019 Inhabitant / km² map
Aurich core town (former town of Aurich) Aurich core town (former town of Aurich) 5.83 12,399 2.124 Aurich-Kernstadt.svg
Brockzetel and Wiesens Brockzetel 19.25 353 19th Aurich-Brockzetel.svg
Wiesens 16.73 1,420 86 Aurich-Wiesens.svg
Egels and Wallinghausen Egels 4.43 1,788 416 Aurich-Egels.svg
Wallinghausen 5.81 3,560 579 Aurich-Wallinghausen.svg
Extum, Haxtum, Kirchdorf and Rahe Extum 4.17 2.151 427 Aurich-Extum.svg
Haxtum 2.20 1,764 806 Aurich-Haxtum.svg
Church Village 4.77 1,444 280 Aurich-Kirchdorf.svg
Rahe 4.38 523 121 Aurich-Rahe.svg
Dietrichsfeld, Pfalzdorf and Plaggenburg Dietrichsfeld 11.31 789 70 Aurich-Dietrichsfeld.svg
Pfalzdorf 6.11 234 37 Aurich-Pfalzdorf.svg
Plaggenburg 13.47 1,434 105 Aurich-Plaggenburg.svg
Georgsfeld and Tannenhausen Georgsfeld 6.56 563 86 Aurich-Georgsfeld.svg
Tannenhausen 16.92 1.929 114 Aurich-Tannenhausen.svg
Langefeld, Middels and Spekendorf Langefeld 4.79 416 87 Aurich-Langefeld.svg
Middels 23.01 1,222 51 Aurich-Middels.svg
Spekendorf 13.37 434 31 Aurich-Spekendorf.svg
Popens Popens 1.88 1.994 1,031 Aurich-Popens.svg
Shirum Shirum 13.19 1,411 106 Aurich-Schirum.svg
Sandhorst Sandhorst 10.77 4,458 395 Aurich-Sandhorst.svg
Walle Walle 8.26 2,660 317 Aurich-Walle.svg

climate

Aurich lies in the temperate climate zone. The urban area is mainly in the direct influence of the North Sea . In summer the daytime temperatures are lower, in winter often higher than in the further inland. The climate is generally characterized by the Central European west wind zone. In contrast, special climatic conditions prevail in the raised bog areas, which are mainly in the east and south-east of the urban area. Because of the subsurface conditions in a rain bog , the temperature differences between day and night are extreme. During the day in summer, temperatures on the ground can be very high, which can result in moor fires. In addition, bog areas are much more fog-intensive than the surrounding area.

According to the Köppen climate classification , Aurich is in the Cfb division .

  • Climate zone C : warm-temperate climate
  • Climate type Cf : humid-temperate climate
  • Climate subtype b : warm summers

The average annual temperature is 8.4 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average monthly temperature of 16 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average of 1.0 ° C.

The amount of precipitation within a year in Aurich is just under 830 mm. The rainiest month is November with 84.4 mm, the least rainy month is February with 43.1 mm.

In Aurich, the sun shines a good 1,455 hours a year, which results in an average of a good 121 hours per month. The greatest chance of sun is in May. This month there are 205 hours of sunshine. The opposite in December: Then the sun shines for only 29 hours.

The values ​​given relate to the long-term mean for the years 1961 to 1990.

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Aurich
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temperature ( ° C ) 1.0 1.3 3.7 6.9 11.5 14.6 16.0 15.9 13.2 9.6 5.2 2.2 O 8.5
Precipitation ( mm ) 66.6 43.1 57.9 48.2 57.8 83.8 82.1 78.6 76.6 76.2 84.4 74.3 Σ 829.6
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.19 2.29 3.32 5.33 6.83 6.63 6.06 6.25 4.4 2.96 1.56 0.93 O 4th
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		66.6
43.1
57.9
48.2
57.8
83.8
82.1
78.6
76.6
76.2
84.4
74.3
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: German Weather Service

Protected areas

Aurich has a large number of nature and landscape protection areas as well as natural monuments. The 279 hectare Kollrunger Moor nature reserve, which has been under nature protection since 2007, is located in the area of ​​the city of Aurich and the neighboring municipality of Friedeburg (Wittmund district). It is part of the fauna-flora-habitat area "Kollrunger Moor und Klinge" and includes both residual raised bog areas and rewetted areas after peat extraction. The nearby Brockzeteler Moor NSG is 171 hectares in size. It has been a nature reserve since 1986. In the northwest of the city area, Aurich has a share in the 1180 hectare nature reserve "Eternal Sea and Surroundings". The sea itself lies on the territory of the neighboring municipality of Eversmeer. It has been under nature protection since 1990 and is part of the FFH area "Ewiges Meer, Großes Moor bei Aurich" and the EU bird sanctuary "Ewiges Meer". This nature reserve is framed by the landscape protection area Berumerfehner-Meerhusener Moor (1726 hectares). It has been protected since 1973. The 871 hectare LSG "Egelser Wald und Umgebung" has been under protection since 1966. To the south of the Schirum district, Aurich has a share in the 833 hectare LSG "Ihlower Forst und Niederung des Krummen Tiefs", which has been protected since 1986. There are also smaller landscape protection areas: Upstalsboom and the surrounding area (6.4 hectares, since 1965), Wilhelminenholz (3.2 hectares, since 1964), Popenser Woods and Surroundings (15.6 hectares, since 1972) and Am Forstamt Sandhorst (8.5 Hectares, since 1969). A 4.9 hectare amphibian biotope in Brockzetel has been a protected natural monument since 1986. The two oldest natural monuments (protected in 1941) include the Tannenhausen large stone grave and the lime tree avenue on the Aurich city wall . The linden and beech avenues on Esenser Strasse have been protected as a natural monument since 1969, the beech avenue Moltkebahn since 1983. There are also a number of other solitary trees in the inner city area and in the outer areas of the city.

history

Lambertiturm
Marketplace in Aurich around 1900

The history of Aurich can be traced back to the 13th century. The original settlement of Aurechove is mentioned for the first time in a Frisian legal record from 1276, the Brokmerbrief . The oldest trace of settlement in the Aurich core city (fragments of vessels) dates back to the 9th century and was discovered during excavations in 2009.

It was located around the Lamberti Church , which was donated by Count Moritz von Oldenburg and consecrated to Saint Lambertus , the bishop of Maastricht who was killed in 703 . Its massive church tower, which has been in its present form since 1662, is one of the city's landmarks.

In the late Middle Ages, there followed a period of conflicts between several families of chiefs , which only ended when the Cirksena , the later dynasty of counts and princes, could prevail around 1350 . They initially resided in Emden, but in 1561 after disputes with representatives of the port city, they moved their court to Aurich.

After the Cirksena became extinct, the Prussians took control of East Frisia. On June 7, 1744, Aurich was occupied by 500 Prussian soldiers and officials without resistance. On June 23, the country paid homage to the Prussian crown. Aurich remained the seat of the state authorities, was given a war and domain chamber and became the government capital of the Prussian province of East Frisia.

During the Napoleonic era , first Dutch and later French soldiers occupied the city. East Friesland was incorporated into the French Empire as the “ Departement de l'Ems-Oriental ” (“East Ems”). Aurich was the seat of the highest French official, the prefect.

After the Congress of Vienna , the city with East Frisia was added to the Kingdom of Hanover , then fell back to Prussia after the German War in 1866. Aurich was able to maintain its status as the administrative center of East Frisia under the various rulers. However , there was no industrialization at that time. Economically, the city was shaped by its position as an important cattle trading center, which it has been able to expand since the 14th century.

In the 20th century, the National Socialists gained more and more popularity from the mid-1920s. In the 1932 Reichstag elections, 44.2% of those eligible to vote in the Aurich administrative region voted for the NSDAP . The elections of 1932 and 1933 finally sealed the end of the young democracy. Jews, communists and other social groups that did not suit the new rulers were now increasingly marginalized, persecuted and murdered. By contrast, the National Socialists were enthusiastically received by large sections of the population. In the following years there were several major events in Aurich with several thousand enthusiastic listeners.

On the night of November 9th to 10th, 1938, riots against the Jews, ordered by the Reich leadership of the National Socialists, took place in Aurich, which were later referred to as "Reichskristallnacht" or November 1938 pogroms . Two years later the city was registered as free of Jews .

During the Second World War Aurich was spared major air raids. The city was bombed three times. A total of 17 people were killed and 24 injured. The greatest damage occurred on September 27, 1943, when 30 houses were completely destroyed, 180 seriously and 285 slightly damaged by high-explosive bombs and incendiary bombs. On that day alone, 13 people were killed and 18 injured.

In late 1944, concentration camp prisoners of the provisional Engerhafe concentration camp had to build tank trenches around the city by hand. Twice a day around 2,000 prisoners moved, they also took the corpses of fellow inmates, through the middle of the city. 188 concentration camp prisoners died within the two months. The useless fortification was part of what the NSDAP called the Frisian Wall .

On May 3, 1945 there was a demonstration on the Aurich market square against the further defense against the Canadians, who had meanwhile advanced to Marcardsmoor. Johann von Essen wanted to hoist a white flag on the Aurich castle tower as a sign of surrender, whereupon he was arrested by the Gestapo, but later released from the angry crowd.

Aurich citizens (whose names are unknown) rescued Aurich, whose destruction was considered guaranteed, after negotiations with the Canadians on May 3rd and 4th, 1945. The city was to be left to the Canadians without a fight.

After 1945 the city was also populated by many refugees. At the outbreak of war it had 7,089 inhabitants, by the end of 1945 it had already increased to 10,350. One problem was the lack of jobs for the population.

The rise of the wind turbine manufacturer Enercon, founded in 1984, began in the 1990s, and within two decades of its founding, it grew into an industrial company with a four-digit number of employees in Aurich.

Incorporations

On July 1, 1972, the communities Brockzetel, Dietrichsfeld, Egels, Extum, Georgsfeld, Haxtum, Kirchdorf, Langefeld, Middels, Pfalzdorf, Plaggenburg, Popens, Rahe, Sandhorst, Schirum, Spekendorf, Tannenhausen, Walle, Wallinghausen and Wiesens were included in the Lower Saxony municipal territorial reform added to the Aurich urban area. Through the incorporation of large parts of today's urban area, the population of Aurich increased by more than double its previous size and exceeded the 30,000-inhabitant mark. Since the municipal reform, Aurich has been the second largest municipality in East Frisia in terms of inhabitants.

Outsourcing

On January 1, 1979 there was an exchange of territory with the neighboring municipality of Südbrookmerland, in which Aurich lost about 100 inhabitants (based on the population at the time).

Name development

There are various hypotheses about the interpretation of the city name. Either it can be assigned to a person (Affo, East Frisian first name ) and his property (Reich) or it refers to a waterworks on the fertile, water-rich valley of the river Aa (or Ehe), on which the city was built. The spellings Aurichove, Aurike, Aurikehove, Auryke, Auwerckhove, Auwerick, Auerk, Auwerck, Auwreke, Awerck, Awreke, Awrik, Auwerich and Aurickeshove are known .

Population development

The city of Aurich now has a good 40,000 inhabitants, but was still a manageable city of around 5,000 inhabitants around 1900. The flight and expulsion of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe 1945–1950 brought a significant boost to the population development when many refugees were taken in from the eastern regions of the German Reich . The population of Aurich in 1945 was almost 50 percent higher than in 1939. A second boost in the population development resulted from the incorporation of many small surrounding communities in the course of the regional reform in Lower Saxony .

The increase in the number of inhabitants since 1990 results on the one hand from people who moved to Aurich from the New States , but even more from late repatriates who have found a new home in Aurich. Since the end of the 1990s, Aurich's population has remained fairly constant at a little more than 40,000. The birth balance has been negative since the beginning of the 21st century, but is offset by new arrivals. Retirees from other regions of Germany who want to spend their retirement years in East Frisia play an important role.

Population development of Aurich from 1804 to 2017 according to the table below
year EW
1804 2.128
1821 3.163
1861 4,712
1864 4,608
1867 4,919
1871 4,264
1885 5,395
1895 5,899
year EW
1905 6.141
1925 6.136
1933 6,558
1939 6,874
1945 10,350
1961 12,982
1970 11,944
1991 37,187
year EW
2001 40,362
2010 40,572
2011 40,606
2012 40,604
2013 40,637
2016 41,793
2017 41,854

(on December 31, 1961 on June 6, 1970 on May 27 (census results including the later incorporated places))

Religions

Lamberti Church
Reformed Church in Aurich
Community center of the Evangelical Free Church Community of Aurich
Paul's Church
New Apostolic Church Aurich, Von-Frerichs-Straße (September 2015)

The Aurich population is predominantly Protestant. The districts of Aurich and Wittmund have the highest proportions of Lutherans in the total population in all of Germany. It is around 85 percent of the population.

Nevertheless, as in the rest of East Frisia, diversity shapes the religious life of the city. In addition to the Lutheran congregations, there is the Catholic St. Ludgerus congregation, the Reformed Church, the New Apostolic congregation and many free churches in Aurich . Many Muslims have settled in the city since the mid-1990s. By contrast, there has been no Jewish community since the Nazi era .

Christianity

For a long time the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Aurich had only one house of worship, the Lambertikirche . After the city grew rapidly as a result of the influx of displaced people after the Second World War, it soon became necessary to reorganize church life. As a result, new parishes were founded in the individual localities of the city. The Aurich parish, which includes large areas in central East Frisia, is the second largest parish of the regional church with around 75,000 members.

In addition to the Lutherans, there has been a Reformed congregation in Aurich since the French occupation . The community emerged from the settlement of Huguenot refugees at the Lutheran royal court. Later it grew through immigration from the reformed areas of East Friesland and through religious refugees from the Palatinate, who founded the Palatinate villages near Aurich around 1800. The construction of their church in Kirchstrasse between 1812 and 1814 goes back to a donation from Napoleon . Today around 1400 people belong to the community.

There was no longer a Roman Catholic parish after the Reformation. It was not until the 19th century that the number of Catholics in Aurich had grown again to such an extent that the royal government in Hanover approved the building of a Catholic church on May 2, 1849. This was inaugurated on October 17, 1849. The St. Ludgerus community grew enormously, mainly due to the influx of displaced people from Silesia in 1946. Today it has more than 3,000 parishioners.

The Adventist church could look back on the longest history of the free churches . Your predecessor church was founded in 1900 and dissolved in 1972. In 1998 it was re-established, but it was dissolved again in 2010.

Evangelical free church Christians, also called Baptists , have been living in Aurich since the middle of the 19th century. They were initially looked after by the Hamswehrum Baptist congregation ( Jennelt since 1875 ) and, from 1908, by the Moorhusen Baptist congregation . In 1947 the Aurich Baptists were constituted as a branch congregation, whose care was initially taken over by the Moorhusener and from 1952 by the Emden Baptists. In 1961 the Evangelical Free Church Congregation got its independence. Until 1958, the congregational meetings took place in the Ulricianum grammar school . The Kreuzkirche on Eickebuscher Weg, consecrated in 1958, served as a community center for around 40 years. The Evangelical Free Church of Aurich has had its domicile in the newly built community center on Oldersumer Strasse in Aurich-Rahe since 1998.

The parish of the United Methodist Church consists of the two parishes Aurich and Neuschoo . Both together have around 400 members, most of whom are cared for in Neuschoo. The church services of the Methodist Church in Aurich have been merged with the Bethlehem Church (Neuschoo) since 2010 , after the small town community recorded an average of twelve people in the end.

The Free Evangelical Congregation was founded in 1980. She is a member of the Federation of Free Evangelical Churches in Germany .

Islam

Since the arrival of guest workers and refugees, especially in connection with the Yugoslavia conflict, there have been Muslims in the city who, however, do not have their own place of worship. Services are held in private prayer rooms. The nearest mosque has been in Emden since October 2009 . It is called the Eyup Sultan Mosque .

Judaism

Memorial stone for the burned down synagogue

The Jewish community of Aurich existed for a period of around 300 years from its beginnings in 1657 to its end on March 1, 1940. Jewish residents were mentioned for the first time in 1635. The Jewish community was the second largest in East Frisia after that in Emden . The highest proportion of the total population was reached in 1925 with 7.4 percent, in absolute numbers the peak was reached in 1885 with 406 members.

Excluded and persecuted after 1933, many Jews emigrated. The synagogue of the Jewish community, built in 1810, was destroyed on November 9, 1938 . An estimated 200 of the 400 or so Jews in Aurich perished in the Holocaust , and the survivors are scattered all over the world.

The Jewish community is remembered today with a memorial stone for the burned down synagogue on the Hohen Wall, a memorial plaque in memory of the former Jewish school at the house of the medical chamber in Kirchstrasse and a sign on the bull hall in Aurich, in which the Jews in the Pogrom Night 1938 were rounded up. In addition, the Jewish cemetery on Emder Strasse has been preserved. A street was named after the last Jewish community leader, Abraham Wolff.

politics

City council

The council of the city of Aurich consists of 40 council women and councilors. This is the specified number for a city with a population between 40,001 and 50,000. The 40 council members are elected for five years each by local elections. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.

The full-time mayor Horst Feddermann (independent) is also entitled to vote in the city council.

The last local election on September 11, 2016 resulted in the following:

The turnout of 54.19 percent was slightly below the Lower Saxony average of 55.5 percent.

The debt level (accumulated annual deficit) was more than 50 million euros in the mid-1990s. After that, debts were significantly reduced, especially in the 2001 to 2006 electoral period. In these years the city had always collected between 40 and more than 50 million euros in business taxes , mainly from Enercon . A trend reversal was already apparent in 2014. In 2016, a budget was passed that envisaged an increase in the debt level to 74 million euros by the end of 2019.

mayor

The full-time mayor of the city of Aurich is Horst Feddermann (non-party). In the last mayoral election on May 26, 2019, he achieved 47.28% of the votes in the first ballot. There were five candidates for election. The turnout was 61.81%. In the runoff election on June 16, 2019, Fedderman was the only remaining candidate and was elected mayor with 90.43% of the vote.

Representatives in the Landtag and Bundestag

A member of the constituency 86 Aurich (Aurich, Südbrookmerland, Ihlow, Großefehn, Brookmerland, Großheide) is represented in the Lower Saxony state parliament (legislative period until 2022) . The direct mandate won in the 2017 election of the Aurich social democrat Wiard Siebels . He stood for the first time in the state elections in 2008. No other politician from the constituency entered the state parliament via the parties' list.

The constituency 24 Aurich - Emden includes the city of Emden and the district of Aurich. In the 2017 federal election , the social democrat Johann Saathoff was directly re-elected. No party candidate from the constituency entered the Bundestag via the parties' list.

Municipal finance

Aurich is the company headquarters of the wind turbine manufacturer Enercon , which has been paying the city a double-digit million amount in trade taxes for years . Aurich is therefore one of 36 so-called abundant municipalities in Lower Saxony that do not receive any key allocations from the state, but rather have to transfer part of their tax power as a financial equalization contribution.

City coat of arms, seal and flag

Aurich coat of arms
 Blazon : "In silver on green ground between two rooted green deciduous trees, a red shield crowned with a golden crown of leaves with the golden Gothic capital letter A."
Coats of arms: City coats of arms mostly emerged from seals . On March 16, 1539 Aurich was granted city rights by Count Enno II with the right to use such a seal. In 1736 a new and larger, more representative seal was introduced. The first coat of arms was probably created at this time. However, the exact times are not known.

The colors of the city are red and gold. The official seal contains the coat of arms and the inscription "Stadt Aurich (Ostfriesland)". The flag consists of two equally wide strips of red and gold with the city arms.

Town twinning

Since September 1989 Aurich has been twinned with Appingedam ( Netherlands ). The connections between Aurich and Appingedam go back to the 14th century. In 1327 Appingedam was officially granted independence in terms of jurisdiction and administration. The Appingedam town charter , stipulated in the so-called Buurbrief , was presumably decided in Aurich, the place where the Frisian countries once met. Once a year this partnership is celebrated with festivals in the cities. In addition, there are regular student exchanges.

Culture and sights

theatre

Aurich is the venue of the Landesbühne Niedersachsen Nord , which presents around ten productions in the city over the year. The venue is the Aurich town hall, which provides around 500 seats with row seating. In addition to the Landesbühne, other theaters such as the Ohnsorg Theater also use the venue.

The Aurich Low German Theater is at home in Aurich . Since it was founded in 1923 as the “Spöldeel” of the Aurich Heimatverein, the amateur theater has presented plays in Low German and is committed to maintaining the Low German language. The theater has around 60 members, around half of whom are active performers. Two performances are given each year. The theater uses rooms in the former horticultural research institute Aurich-Haxtum for its rehearsals and meetings. The permanent venue in Aurich is the Ostfrieslandhaus Aurich .

Museums and exhibitions

The Aurich Historical Museum
The energy, education and experience center

The historical museum is located in the "Alte Kanzlei" , a historical building in the pedestrian zone in the city center. The building was built around 1530 by Count Enno II as a town house from the stones of the abbey church in Ihlow, which was demolished in 1529, for his brother Johann, after which it served as a council and wine house for a long time. Since July 5, 1985, the museum has been showing exhibits from history, art and culture in Aurich and East Frisia from the Stone Age to the present day.

The MachMitMuseum “miraculum” is located on Burgstrasse in Aurich's pedestrian zone. It is a children's and youth museum and conveys complicated facts in a playful way in annually changing exhibitions. The exhibitions such as B. “Pirates and their real deeds” are specially developed for children and young people and the content is prepared by the “miraculum” art school with children. The implementation of the exhibition concept and the construction of the exhibits were initially mainly carried out by the youth project workshops of the Aurich district adult education center, but for some years now by “Allerhand” in Großefehn.

The Stiftsmühle mill museum is located in the Stiftsmühle , the second highest mill in East Frisia with a total height of 29.95  m . In 1977 the Aurich local history association saved the mill on Oldersumer Strasse from deterioration and turned the gallery Dutchman into a museum. Inside, various exhibits such as machines, grinding devices and mill models are exhibited on the five floors. The steps of the milling operation are illustrated on display boards, and the milling operation is clearly demonstrated at certain times.

Today's art pavilion at Ellernfeld was built in 1803 under the name Teehäuschen by the Aurich architect Conrad Bernhard Meyer (1755–1830) as a garden house for the client Christian Bernhard Conring . The neo-classical building has seen many changes over time. The garden pavilion served as a kindergarten from 1937 to 1945, later as a shelter for the homeless, and was acquired by the city of Aurich in 1969. From 1973 to 1986 it served the sculptor Friedrich Büschelberger as an apartment and studio. After the renovation of the entire property, it now serves as the domicile of the Aurich Art Association under the name of the Art Pavilion and is used for art exhibitions.

With the energy, education and adventure center (EEZ) in the Tannenhausen district , Aurich wants to present itself as the “city of regenerative energies” since July 1st, 2015.

Buildings

Entrance to the Lambertikirche

In the city of Aurich there are a large number of buildings that are under monument protection . In 2007 Aurich was accepted into an urban development funding program of the state of Lower Saxony. A total of around 19 million euros will be invested in the renovation of the old town by 2019, jointly by the state and the municipality.

  • The building of the East Frisian landscape , built between 1898 and 1901, houses the landscape library .
  • The little Pingelhus is one of the city's landmarks. It is in the immediate vicinity of the landscape building, but is older. It was built around 1800 by the builder Conrad Bernhard Meyer. The originally two-storey building was used by the Treckfahrtsgesellschaft as a port keeper and shipping company building when the port was still where Georgswall is today. In 1934, the lower floor disappeared when the old port was filled in. The Pingelhus takes its name from pingeln (Low German = ringing, bells ringing). A signal was given with the pingel ten minutes before the passenger ship left for Emden . The house has been used by the Aurich Heimatverein since 1959, including for weddings and the like ( pinging is still used today ).
  • The Lambertikirche is also a landmark of the city. It has been in its current form since 1835.
  • The Hanstein house at Burgstrasse 33 is the oldest surviving house in the city. Not far away are the Evertssche Haus at no. 17 and the old town house from the 17th century at no .
  • The Knodtsche Haus , a town house in the Dutch late baroque style , was built around 1735 by the royal court architect Heinrich Horst. At first it was used by Horst as his own house. In the interior, the ceiling stucco work and a faience oven from 1780 in the Louis XVI style have been preserved . to see. The building was later named after the longtime owner, a lawyer named Knodt. Today, a restaurant with a beer garden is housed in the building directly on the Aurich market square.
Sous tower in the market square
  • The Sous Tower is a large sculpture on the market square. In order to give the large market square a sight, the city of Aurich commissioned the artist Albert Sous from Würselen to design a sculpture. In 1990 the art object, a 25-meter-high tower made of tubular steel clad with Plexiglas, was erected. The building materials were mainly waste from the Jülich Research Center . The building was (and is) controversial. A sign is attached to the tower itself, detailing the disputes over the Sous tower. The Emden publicist Henri Nannen is quoted as saying: "The tower in Aurich is offensive, and art has to give impetus, so be offensive". The tower is supposed to represent different levels of civilization. The Aurich people mockingly call the work Aurich immersion heater , futuristic junk pile or space penis . However, it is a popular photo object with visitors and guests of the city.
  • The Aurich castle district was the former residence of the East Frisian princes, later the Hanoverian and Prussian administrative heads of East Frisia. The oldest surviving building in the castle district is the Marstall from 1588, the main building dates from 1851 to 1855 and is in the English Tudor style. Other buildings are grouped around a green inner courtyard. The building complex houses the regional court, the district court and the Lower Saxony State Office for Remuneration and Supply , Aurich location. It is planned that the tower of the castle will be made accessible to the public in order to provide a panoramic view of Aurich.
Stiftsmühle
  • The pin mill has a total height of 29.95 meters after the windmill in Hage the second highest mill Ostfrieslands. The Galerieholländer extends over five floors and was built from around 200,000 bricks. A pair of wings is 24 meters long. The mill was built in 1858. In the early 1930s, it was taken over by the Sethestift - hence the name Stiftsmühle - which saved it from demolition. In 1977 it was taken over by the Aurich Local History Association, which turned the building into a specialist mill museum.
  • Meints Mühle in the Aurich district of Tannenhausen is considered to be the smallest earth Dutchman in Lower Saxonywith a height of around 6.5 meters.
  • The mausoleum of the Cirksena family is a neo-Romanesque decagonal building with a domed vault. It was built in 1875/1876 by the Aurich master mason Gerhard Neemann. The mausoleum has been the resting place of the Count and Princely Family Cirksena of East Frisia since 1880 . The war memorial from 1877 in front of the castle is the oldest in the city.
  • The Aurich station was inaugurated in 1883 by the Prussian State Railways for the line towards Emden. In September 1967 the passenger traffic to Aurich was stopped. Since 1995 the former station building has housed music classrooms of the neighboring Ulricianum grammar school .
  • The old waterworks was built from 1910.
  • The former state building authority was completed in 1822 in the classical style with a triangular gable.
  • The former Hotel Piqueurhof is a neoclassical building that was renovated after a fire in 1885.
  • The megalithic stone graves in the Tannenhausen district are popularly known as Botter, Brood and Kääs .

Selected sights of Aurich:

  • Mausoleum of the Cirksena family

  • Knodtsches house

  • Pingelhus

  • Art pavilion

societies

The city's sporting "flagship" is the handball third division team OHV Aurich . The abbreviation OHV stands for Ostfriesischer Handballverein.

The largest sports club in Aurich and the second largest in East Frisia (after ISV Emden ) is the MTV Aurich . As a large club with more than 2500 members, the MTV is a member of the Freiburg Circle , which brings together the sports clubs in Germany with the largest number of members. In addition to many other sports, MTV offers basketball and volleyball. The footballers of the Sportvereinigung (SpVg) Aurich play in the season 2013/14 in the district league season I. In the area A to C-Jugend, the city goes with the Jugendförderverein Aurich e. V. (a total of seven teams) in the 2015/2016 game year. The Frisian sports Boßeln and Klootschießen are practiced in several clubs .

The Playground association operates what it claims to be the largest pure skateboarding hall in Germany in Aurich with an indoor area of ​​3500 m². The hall itself is owned by the city.

The Kunstverein Aurich, founded in 1988, offers four to six art exhibitions or workshops per year in the art pavilion at Ellernfeld . Exhibitions also take place regularly in the town hall and in the district building, the seat of the district administration of the Aurich district.

Regular events

The Aurich film clapper is a short film competition for pupils, which is aimed at all schools in East Friesland. The aim is to offer children and young people a platform to publish their pictures and stories. The award ceremony takes place every year in June in the great hall of the Aurich cinema. There are now twelve local film clips in Lower Saxony. The Lower Saxony film flap emerged from this , which is unique in Germany and operated by the media consultants of Lower Saxony. It was awarded for the first time in October 2008 in the town hall in Aurich and is under the patronage of the Minister of Culture of Lower Saxony. In Aurich, responsibility lies with the district's media center.

Every year - mostly in July - the Aurich Open Air Festival takes place, which operates under the name Seaside Festival . Seaside refers to the venue, the multi-purpose area at the bathing lake in the Tannenhausen district. Every year the festival attracts several thousand rock and metal friends.

The Aurich Science Days emerged from a project by the Ulricianum grammar school and the Aurich vocational schools. Schoolchildren present the results of their junior research activities. In 2010 they took place for the 20th time. Renowned speakers are invited on changing specialist topics every year. The lectures are public.

One or more concerts of the Musical Summer in East Friesland , a series of concerts mostly with classical music, take place at venues in Aurich every late summer . The opening concert traditionally takes place in the Aurich Lambertikirche.

The Aurich city ​​festival is celebrated in the city center in August. Art exhibitions take place in the art pavilion on the Ellernfeld , in the town hall and occasionally in the district house, the seat of the district administration.

Collage of typical Christmas delicacies at the Aurich "Knusperhäuschen"

In addition, a multifunctional hall has been located next to the Ulricianum grammar school since May 2009, which is sponsored by the Sparkasse Arena . Not only sports events take place there (especially the games of the OHV Aurich handball club), but also trade fairs and cultural events such as concerts. The maximum capacity (without seats) is 3,000 people. Another venue for cultural purposes is the Aurich town hall. There are also regular performances by the Lower Saxony North State Theater.

A special feature of the Christmas market, which takes place every year in the run-up to Christmas, is the " Knusperhäuschen ", which is decorated with pastry collages from Aurich primary school students.

Language and name

.: Place name sign Aurich (Auerk)

In Aurich, East Frisian Platt is spoken in addition to High German . However, since the number of people not born in East Frisia and therefore not raised with the East Frisian Platt is higher in Aurich than in the surrounding communities, the proportion of Platt speakers is lower. The city has received the right from the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior to set up bilingual entrance signs with the names Aurich and Auerk.

By far the most common name is Janssen, albeit in different spellings. This can be found 1158 times in the Aurich telephone book. In second place is Meyer (475), followed by Saathoff (471), Harms (432) and Hinrichs (380).

Economy and Infrastructure

Industries and companies

Pedestrian zone with Lambertiturm

For centuries, Aurich was the “desk of East Frisia” because of its many authorities. The public sector is still an important employer with a four-digit number of employees. In Aurich, industry developed into a significant economic factor after the Second World War.

Rücker Dairy

The electrical and mechanical engineering are among the industrial focus of Aurich. The wind turbine manufacturer Enercon (in 2014 it was fifth in the industry behind Vestas (Denmark), Siemens , Goldwind and GE Wind (USA) with a 7.3 percent share of the world market ) provides the region with around 850 jobs in Aurich-Sandhorst and the city's treasury in the double-digit millions in business tax receipts; This means that the city and region of Aurich (as well as many other regional authorities) are dependent on a single company to a certain extent.

The company WIMA (110 employees) with one of its locations in Aurich is the world market leader in the field of film capacitors . This is a rarity for companies in the electronic components sector based in Germany. The electrical engineering company Rolf Janssen (around 400 employees) has specialized in power plant technology and ship electronics, among other things. The food industry (including Molkerei Rücker GmbH ) as well as steel and metal construction are also in Aurich. In the food sector, the Auricher Süßmost company should also be mentioned, a manufacturer of apple juice. The company is supplied with apples by fruit growers in the region and by private individuals and processes up to 150 tons of apples a day. In addition to the city of Norden , Aurich is one of the headquarters of Sparkasse Aurich / Norden .

The proximity to the coast favors tourism ; it is an important pillar of the domestic economy. For the first time, Aurich recorded more than 200,000 overnight stays in 2010. In addition, the city is often visited by day tourists who spend their vacation in East Friesland.

Aurich has - benefited by its central location within East Frisia - a prominent role in regional retail . The retail centrality in 2007 was 153 percent. 387 retail stores with a total of around 121,000 square meters of sales area generated an annual turnover of over 325 million euros in 2007.

Service companies have a share of around 40 percent of gross value added . Another 35 percent is accounted for by the manufacturing industry. The trade has a share of 15 percent. The remaining 10 percent of gross value added is accounted for by agriculture , which plays an important role in the extensive outer areas of the city. Aurich is the transshipment point of the Ostfriesischer Stammviehzüchter Association (VOSt), a registered cooperative for the sale of dairy cattle. The cattle sheds are close to the city center; they are to be relocated (as of 2011) to the industrial park in Schirum in the south of the city. Organic farming (arable farming and / or animal husbandry) is practiced by individual farmers.

traffic

Road traffic

Traffic axes in East Frisia: The centrally located Aurich is a junction in the East Frisian road network.

The federal highways 210 ( Emden - Wilhelmshaven ) and 72 ( Norddeich - Schneiderkrug in the district of Cloppenburg ) run through the city of Aurich and run along the same route between Georgsheil and Aurich . Aurich has not yet been connected to the motorway network. A possible feeder road and at the same time a bypass for Aurich, the B 210n from the Riepe junction on the A 31 around Aurich to the B 210 in the direction of Wittmund, is in planning. However, due to the interventions in the landscape, the project is not without controversy. A citizens' initiative was founded with the aim of preventing the so-called B 210 from happening again.

The Aurich arterial roads are among the most heavily used federal and state roads in East Frisia. In 2005, exactly 28,000 vehicles were counted on the B 72 in Aurich-Extum, making this section the busiest of the East Frisian federal roads. The eastern part of the Aurich inner city ring (also B 72) was used by almost 26,300 vehicles. These included almost 1,400 trucks, which is the highest value for heavy traffic on East Frisia federal highways. The background to this is the fact that the industrial area Sandhorst, in which, among other things, Enercon produces, is located in the north of the city, while the sales areas are almost without exception south of the city. On Esenser Straße (B 210), the arterial road in the direction of Wittmund / Wilhelmshaven, an average of around 23,000 vehicles drove daily. Landesstraße 34, which connects part of the Wittmund district and the eastern Aurich districts to the city center, was used by almost 14,400 vehicles every day, which is the highest value among the state roads in East Frisia. In addition to the mentioned streets three other state roads from Aurich carry out: L 1 south towards Riepe with the local motorway connection to the A 31, L 7 north to Dornum and the L 14 from the southern Aurich district Schirum after Neermoor with Access to the junction of the same name on the A 31.

Rail loading of Enercon wind turbines in the Aurich-Nord industrial area

Rail transport

The closest passenger train stations are in Marienhafe and Emden .

On June 14, 1883, the ceremonial opening of the coastal railway between Emden and Wittmund took place in the north , to which the Abelitz – Aurich railway line belonged as a branch line . It was put into operation on June 15, 1883. Passenger traffic on the route ceased in 1967. Since then, passenger transport has been carried out with buses . The last freight train before reactivation ran in 1996. A feasibility study examines the continuation of the railway line to Wittmund, where there is a connection in the direction of Oldenburg and Wilhelmshaven. This means that Aurich is currently the third largest German city after Herten and Bergkamen without rail passenger transport.

The Aurich railway meets the Rheine – Norddeich Mole railway in Abelitz in the direction of Emden and Norddeich .

Aurich circular path

From 1899, a branch of the Aurich circular railway began in Aurich , which connected the cities of Leer, Aurich, Esens and Wittmund and the coastal town of Bensersiel on meter gauge and was primarily used for freight traffic and, to a lesser extent, for passenger transport. Parts of the old railway line, which was dismantled in 1967, are now cycle paths.

Freight transport

Aurich has been officially connected to the rail network of Deutsche Bahn since 2008 for freight traffic. On April 4, 2008, the then Prime Minister of Lower Saxony, Christian Wulff, opened the Abelitz – Aurich railway line , which had been closed since 1996. The route between Aurich and Abelitz is operated by the Aurich-Emden mbH (EAE) railway infrastructure company. The wind turbine manufacturer Enercon was the driving force behind the expansion and has therefore taken over the Ostfriesland Oldenburg (egoo) railway company. On April 14, 2008 the first freight train drove from the northern industrial area in Aurich to the port of Emden , where Enercon has its systems shipped. In the meantime, the egoo runs a freight train every working day that has exceeded the loading gauge and transports components for wind turbines . A rotor blade almost 40 meters long can be mounted on a special four-part flat wagon .

Planning in passenger traffic

A resumption of regular passenger traffic was examined by the state of Lower Saxony in 2014, but was rejected in 2015 due to a negative cost-benefit ratio. In addition, the construction of a platform for special trips on certain occasions and with the museum railway coastal railway Ostfriesland is being considered.

Dial-a-bus at the Aurich central bus station

Bus transport

Regional bus routes run to all of the neighboring cities such as Emden, Norden , Leer and Wilhelmshaven (via Wittmund and Jever ). Of particular importance are those connections that lead to the surrounding cities with passenger stations, especially those to Leer . Regional bus routes also run to the surrounding rural communities. There are no longer any city ​​bus routes within Aurich . Bus traffic within the city is ensured by dial-a-bus buses in addition to the stops on the intercity lines . Minibuses or taxis are used for this.

channels

The Ems-Jade Canal , built between 1880 and 1888 , also connects Aurich with Emden and Wilhelmshaven. This canal, with a total length of 72.3 kilometers, is now almost exclusively used for recreational shipping. Only the transport of building materials from the port of Emden to the small port of Aurich is still a little significant. It is (as of spring 2008) discussed in regional politics to expand the Ems-Jade Canal in order to create an efficient connection between the JadeWeserPort in Wilhelmshaven with Aurich and Emden. This would not only connect Wilhelmshaven with Emden, but also with the Mittelland Canal and the Ruhr area via the Ems and Dortmund-Ems Canal . The water connection between Aurich and Emden is older, however: the low-level trek was created in 1798/1799 and has since connected the two cities by water. When the Ems-Jade Canal was built, parts of the depression were integrated.

Air traffic

The nearest civil airfields are in Leer, Norddeich and Emden . The closest international airport is Bremen Airport . The Aurich-Brockzetel glider airfield is located in Brockzetel .

media

The Ostfriesische Nachrichten , an independent daily newspaper for the old district of Aurich, is based in Aurich. In addition, the city is in the circulation area of ​​the Ostfriesen-Zeitung and is the seat of the district editorial office for Aurich and Wittmund. An advertising paper that appears twice a week is the Heimatblatt / Sonntagsblatt, which is part of the Emder Zeitung . The Aurich citizen newspaper appears monthly . In addition, Aurich is home to one of the three studios of the radio station Radio Ostfriesland .

In the district Popens who runs North German Radio the basic network stations Ostfriesland for TV ( DVB-T ) and radio ( DAB , FM broadcasting ). A 227  m high, guyed tubular steel mast is used as the antenna carrier , making it the sixth tallest structure in East Frisia - after five antennas from the Navy's DHO38 long-wave transmitter in the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn .

Public facilities

Waterways and Shipping Directorate Northwest
The district court, the district court and the Lower Saxony regional tax office, department 4 - state-wide payment and supply point Aurich, are located in the castle district

As the former residence of the East Frisian Princely House, Aurich has a long tradition as an administrative location. In addition to the city administration and the district administration of the Aurich district, the city is home to a whole range of other authorities and other corporations under public law.

  • Judicial authorities
The Aurich district court is responsible for the East Frisia area, i.e. the city of Emden and the districts of Aurich, Leer and Wittmund. The respective lower courts, ie the “associated” local courts, are located in the cities of Aurich , Emden , Leer , Norden and Wittmund . The Aurich public prosecutor's office is also responsible for the East Frisia area. In Aurich there is also a correctional facility, the second in East Frisia is in Emden. Aurich is also the seat of a social court. Around 750 people are employed in the East Frisian judicial system, the majority of them in Aurich. 81 people work at the regional court alone.

The district is responsible for the Ubbo Emmius Clinic , which was created in 2004 from the merger of the two clinics in Aurich and Norden. In October 2013 it became known that the district and Emden are considering a joint hospital in Georgsheil and want to check the feasibility . If a joint clinic was built there, the two locations of the Ubbo Emmius Clinic and the Hans Susemihl Hospital would be closed. In June 2017, the construction of the Georgsheil Central Clinic was rejected in a referendum.

  • Other corporations under public law
    • The Chamber of Crafts for East Friesland is based in Aurich, as is a district office of the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture .
    • In Aurich there are also district offices of the Lower Saxony Medical Association and the Lower Saxony Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians.

education

Integrated comprehensive school (IGS) Aurich-West
Aurich-West vocational school

In addition to primary schools, the secondary schools of the tripartite school system, vocational schools (BBS) and special schools, there are also two comprehensive schools in Aurich .

In Aurich there is a secondary school and twelve elementary schools. They are all run by the city.

The Ulricianum grammar school as well as the vocational schools I and II are sponsored by the Aurich district . Not only students from the Aurich district are taught here, but also from the surrounding districts and the city of Emden. This takes place within the framework of a cooperation and coordination of the offers so that the same offer does not have to be held at several BBSs. The Aurich County District also sponsors the Integrated Comprehensive School (IGS) Aurich-West (up to year 13) and the IGS Forest School Egels (up to and including year ten).

Around 1,600 students are taught at the IGS Aurich-West. The demand exceeds the supply: 70 interested students could not be accepted for the 2007/08 school year. Around 2,000 students are taught at the Ulricianum grammar school, which makes it one of the strongest in Lower Saxony.

In Aurich there are also two special schools for the physically handicapped and for the learning disabled, both sponsored by the district.

In addition to the compulsory schools for children and adolescents, Aurich also has a district adult education center, an art school with the name Miraculum and one of the two locations of the Aurich district music school, whose sole shareholder is the Aurich district. The other location is in the north.

The city is the seat of the East Frisian landscape , which maintains the landscape library with a holdings of around 115,000 volumes and 640 current journals and promotes historical regional research. There is also the public library, which has been located in the historic rooms of the Ostfriesische Sparkasse since 1999 and which has a stock of 34,000 volumes.

Measuring stations

In the Aurich core city and the Aurich district of Middels there are each one of around 1800 measuring points of the radioactivity measuring network of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS). The measuring station measures the local gamma dose rate (ODL) at the measuring location and sends the data to the measuring network. The data, averaged over 24 hours, can be called up directly on the Internet.

A Meteomedia weather station has also been in operation in Aurich since August 2011. It is located in the Brockzetel district and provides current weather data that can be accessed via the Meteomedia network and on the city of Aurich's website.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The honorary citizenship is the highest honor of the city of Aurich. The city administration is of the opinion that the honorary citizenship expires with the death of the owner, which is why no attempts were made to withdraw Adolf Hitler's honorary citizenship. The city has so far only awarded five people this award:

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

A number of people worked in Aurich and earned merit in their respective fields.

Marie Ulfers , Moritz Jahn and Ewald Christophers appeared nationally as writers . Herbert Dunkel , Karl Dönselmann , Bodo Olthoff and Herbert Müller are painters who became known far beyond the East Frisian region.

A number of politicians worked in Aurich - including three from Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen : Gila Altmann from Wilhelmshaven (former member of the Bundestag and parliamentary state secretary in the Federal Environment Ministry), the later Schleswig-Holstein Environment Minister Rainder Steenblock , who was born in Leer, and the former member of the Bundestag of the constituency Aurich / Emden, Thilo Hoppe . The former Aurich state parliament member Wolfgang Ontijd (CDU) was born on Borkum . In the administration of the authorities, the lawyer Götz von Glisczynski should be mentioned or from the Waterways and Shipping Directorate Aurich or Northwest, the government director Theodor Aden (from Akelsbarg), holder of the Federal Cross of Merit, is worth mentioning.

Aloys Wobben , founder and owner of the wind turbine manufacturer Enercon from the municipality of Rastdorf in Emsland, deserves special mention in the economy .

The general superintendent Johann Friedrich Hähn (1710–1789) was from 1772 to 1789 rector of today's high school Ulricianum .

The theologians Wilhelm Büning , Volker Juergens and Oda-Gebbine Holze-Stäblein were state superintendents of the East Frisian district of the Evangelical Lutheran. Church.

literature

  • Karl Anklam: The Jewish community in Aurich . In: Monthly for the history and science of Judaism, Vol. 71 (1927), No. 4, pp. 194–206.
  • Kurt Asche: Town houses in East Frisia . Soltau-Kurier Verlag, Norden 1992, ISBN 3-922365-39-6 .
  • WJ Buma (Ed.): Die Brokmer Rechtshandschriften (Oudfriese Taal - en Rechtsbronnen 5), The Hague 1949.
  • Werner Conring, Heinz Ramm: The town and court constitution of the East Frisian residence Aurich until the transition from East Frisia to Prussia in 1744 . Publishing house Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1966.
  • Martin Jhering: Court life in East Frisia. The princely residence of Aurich in 1728 . Hahn, Hannover 2005, ISBN 3-7752-6023-4 .
  • Rüdiger Musolf: Gerhard Silomon. The story of a textile house. Aurich 1994, without ISBN (numerous illustrations, extensive literature references, inter alia, on Aurich and East Frisian economic history)
  • Robert Noah: The Lambertikirche in Aurich ( Ostfriesische Kunstführer , issue 4), Aurich 1982.
  • Robert Noah: The Reformed Church in Aurich (Ostfriesische Kunstführer, Heft 6) Aurich 1983.
  • Harry Pladies: East Frisia during the Wars of Liberation and the time of the Congress of Vienna (1813–1815). In the yearbook of the Society for Fine Arts and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden . Aurich 1966
  • Heinz Ramm: The beginnings of Aurich. In: Collectanea Frisica, contributions to the historical regional studies of East Frisia. Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1995, pp. 101–162.
  • Dietmar von Reeken : East Frisia between Weimar and Bonn. A case study on the problem of historical continuity using the example of the cities of Aurich and Emden. Hildesheim 1991, ISBN 3-7848-3057-9 .
  • Friedemann Rast: The story of an Aurich wine shop from 1838–1988. 150 years of J. C. Winter. Aurich 1988, without ISBN.
  • Herbert Reyer (ed.): Aurich in National Socialism . Aurich 1993, ISBN 3-925365-49-4 .
  • Herbert Reyer: East Friesland in the Third Reich - The Beginnings of National Socialist Tyranny in the Aurich District 1933–1938. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbh, Aurich 1992.
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm Schaer: The city of Aurich and its civil service in the 19th century. Lax Verlag, Hildesheim 1963, ISBN 3-8269-2523-8 .
  • Hinrich Schoolmann: Our dear little town - a walk through the old Aurich. Verlag A. H. F. Dunkmann KG, Aurich without year, without ISBN.
  • Tileman D. Wiarda: Fragments of the history and topography of the city of Aurich up to the year 1813 , (reprint of the Emden 1835 edition), Leer 1980, ISBN 3-7963-0193-2 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Aurich  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Aurich  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Aurich  - Quotes
Wikisource: Aurich in the Topographia Westphaliae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: East Frisia  - travel guide
Wikivoyage: Aurich  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. ↑ Aurich.de: A short foray into Aurich's long history
  3. ^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: History of the East Frisian Landscape - From the state parliament to the regional cultural parliament
  4. ↑ Herbert Obenaus (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen , p. 16 ISBN 3-89244-753-5 .
  5. ↑ Aurich-tourismus.de: Land use . Retrieved May 18, 2017
  6. ^ Ordinance on the regional spatial planning program at www.nds-voris.de
  7. ^ Ostfriesische Nachrichten, online edition of February 3, 2008
  8. ↑ a b c d e main statute of the city of Aurich of February 2, 2012 (1st amendment of September 6, 2012) (PDF; 91.8 kB), accessed on May 26, 2015
  9. ↑ a b Aurich.de: Numbers, data, facts ( Memento from June 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ districts
  11. ↑ German Weather Service
  12. ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier , January 27, 2009, p. 12
  13. ↑ Harry Pladies: Ostfriesland the time of Napoleon. In: Die Leuchtboje, issue 19, Leer o. J.
  14. ↑ HGIS Germany: Landdrostei Aurich (1823–1865) (PDF; 23 kB)
  15. ↑ Herbert Reyer (Ed.): Aurich im Nationalozialismus , Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1989, p. 71
  16. ^ Ostfriesische Nachrichten of November 1, 1932: Adolf Hitler in Aurich
  17. ^ Rudolf Nassua: The end of the Second World War in Aurich. In: Infotext / PDF. The East Frisian Landscape, May 4, 2008, p. Page 8. Above; Page 7 Below , accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  18. ^ Rudolf Nassua: The end of the Second World War in Aurich. In: Infotext / PDF format. Die Ostfriesische Landschaft, May 4, 2008, page 8. Above , accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  19. ↑ a b c d e Federal Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 250 and 261 .
  20. ↑ Aurich.de: A short foray into Aurich's long history
  21. ^ Until 1939: Herbert Obenaus (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen. Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , p. 126
  22. ↑ afterwards: Aurich.de: Facts and figures ( Memento of 14 June 2010 at the Internet Archive )
  23. ↑ 2010: "Federal Statistical Office"
  24. ↑ LSKN-Online
  25. ^ Der Sprengel Ostfriesland ( Memento from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
  26. ↑ sprengel-ostfriesland.de: Church districts
  27. ^ Reformiert.de: Aurich
  28. ↑ aurich.de: The Catholic Church ( Memento of 26 February 2012 at the Internet Archive )
  29. ^ Adventisten.de: Free Church elects state executive in Lower Saxony and in the state of Bremen
  30. ↑ Albert West: Everything has its time. Chronic notes by a contemporary on the 25th anniversary of the Evangelical Free Church of Aurich , Aurich 1986, p. 13
  31. ↑ Albert West: Everything has its time. Chronic remarks by a contemporary on the 25th anniversary of the Evangelical Free Church of Aurich , Aurich 1986, p. 19
  32. ↑ Methodist Church: Note from Aurich ( memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), viewed November 14, 2010.
  33. ↑ aurich.feg.de: What actually is a Free Evangelical Congregation ? ( Memento from July 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  34. ↑ Auricher campaigns for mosque
  35. ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on December 28, 2016.
  36. ↑ www.aurich.de: City Council Elections 2016 , accessed on December 28, 2016.
  37. ↑ The CDU gets the most votes nationwide. September 12, 2016, accessed December 28, 2016 .
  38. ↑ 74.3 million euros in debt for Aurich up to 2019 , in: Emder Zeitung from April 23, 2016, accessed on December 28, 2016.
  39. ^ City of Aurich: Election of the mayor 2019 , accessed on November 1, 2019
  40. ^ Result of the state election 2017 , accessed on October 20, 2017.
  41. ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Bundestag election: These members represent our region . In: NWZonline . ( nwzonline.de [accessed September 29, 2017]).
  42. ↑ www.ostfriesische-nachrichten.de: Euro rain for the city , ON from December 1, 2009, accessed on February 22, 2012.
  43. ↑ Nds. State Office for Statistics: Monthly Statistical Bulletin 10/2011 , p. 580, available at www.nls.niedersachsen.de , accessed on February 22, 2012.
  44. ^ Sister city ​​- City of Aurich , accessed on July 29, 2011
  45. ^ Landesbühne - Theater für Aurich ( memento from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 29, 2011
  46. ^ Niederdeutsches Theater Aurich: Wir über uns ( Memento from October 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 29, 2011
  47. ↑ MachMitMuseum Aurich - Concept ( Memento of 22 November 2011 at the Internet Archive ), accessed 29 July 2011
  48. ↑ a b Mühlenfachmuseum Stiftsmühle ( Memento from June 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 29, 2011
  49. ^ Ostfriesland.de: Meints Mühle . Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  50. ↑ At the beginning of 2012 , MTV Aurich had 3,059 members ( memento from July 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), while ISV Emden had 3,567 , data from the MTV homepage and the online presence of the Ostfriesen-Zeitung accessed on February 20 2012.
  51. ↑ a b Ostfriesen-Zeitung, January 14, 2009, p. 17
  52. ^ Website of the Aurich Science Days , accessed on October 22, 2010.
  53. ^ Sparkassen-Arena Aurich: Visitor information ( memento of October 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 29, 2011.
  54. ↑ Almost 1200 times "Janssen" in Aurich , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, May 7, 2010, accessed on August 7, 2011.
  55. ↑ Press release on www.btm.dk ( Memento of December 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  56. ↑ noz.de: Enercon provides insights into production
  57. ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier, October 20, 2007, p. 47
  58. ↑ Only the good come to the store , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, October 18, 2010, accessed on August 7, 2011.
  59. ↑ 20 top companies in the district Brochure of the district of Aurich in pdf format, page 7, accessed on June 23, 2019
  60. ↑ Record year for tourism in Aurich. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung. Retrieved June 4, 2011, same day
  61. ↑ a b Ostfriesischer Kurier, February 13, 2008, p. 12
  62. ↑ VOSt is waiting for the building permit for Aurich. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung. January 14, 2011, accessed August 6, 2011.
  63. ↑ The chickens are now cackling in the former milking parlor. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung. September 9, 2010, accessed August 7, 2011.
  64. ^ Ostfriesen-Zeitung, several editions in 2007 and 2008
  65. ↑ Homepage of the citizens' initiative balance sheet
  66. ↑ Ostfriesischer Kurier, January 24, 2007, p. 9.
  67. ↑ German medium- sized cities without rail passenger transport. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
  68. ^ Railway infrastructure company Aurich-Emden mbH . Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  69. ^ Ostfriesen-Zeitung, April 5, 2008
  70. ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier, April 15, 2008, p. 20
  71. ↑ Lower Saxony Ministry of Transport, reactivation of railway lines
  72. ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier, several editions in 2007 and 2008
  73. ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier, April 23, 2008, p. 22
  74. ↑ Dietrichsfeld 1/8 Hartwig Mammen (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape ): Dietrichsfeld, city of Aurich, district of Aurich (PDF; 614 kB), accessed on June 4, 2013.
  75. ↑ NLWKN, Annual Report 2007, Norden 2008, p. 9
  76. ↑ Aurich division at www.strassenbau.niedersachsen.de
  77. ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier, April 13, 2008, p. 17
  78. ↑ oz-online.de - Idea: Central Clinic in Georgsheil , accessed on October 30, 2013
  79. ↑ Emder Zeitung of June 11, 2017
  80. ^ A b School and education system - City of Aurich. Retrieved August 16, 2019 .
  81. ↑ Ostfriesische Nachrichten of June 28, 2007, quoted at www.igs-aurich.de (menu item press review)
  82. ↑ www.ulricianum-aurich.de menu item photo tour
  83. ^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Central Services ( Memento from February 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive ).
  84. ↑ Aurich measuring point , accessed on September 1, 2011
  85. ↑ Aurich-Middels measuring point , accessed on September 1, 2011
  86. ↑ Locations of the measuring probes of the radioactivity measuring network with their daily mean values , accessed on September 1, 2011
  87. ↑ a b c City of Aurich currently without honorary citizen , accessed on July 28, 2011
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on June 25, 2008 .