List of the Righteous Among the Nations from Germany

The Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations

The list of Righteous Among the Nations from Germany includes Germans who were honored as Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli Yad Vashem memorial for saving Jews during the Nazi era .

Since 1953, the State of Israel has honored people as Righteous Among the Nations who took great personal risks between 1933 and 1945 and put their lives in danger in order to protect Jews threatened with deportation to labor or extermination camps . In Yad Vashem, a plaque is placed for each person in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations , and a tree was planted for each of the early honored people in the Alley of the Righteous Among the Nations , but this has become rare due to lack of space. As of January 1, 2019, the number of the Righteous totaled 27,362, including 627 Germans. Due to the large number of people, the list is divided according to nationalities. For other nations, see the List of the Righteous Among the Nations .

In addition to the name and dates of birth and death of the respective person, the list contains columns showing the location in which the rescue operations mainly took place, a brief description of the deeds for which the person was honored and the year of the award.

list

Surname	Born	Died	Place of rescue	Reason for the honor	year
Elisabeth Abegg	March 3, 1882	August 8, 1974	Berlin	Hidden persecuted and a. in her apartment, organized food, money and forged papers and secretly taught children and young people who were no longer allowed to be taught due to the Nuremberg Laws .	1967
Richard Abel			Tunisia	As a soldier, Abel helped five captured Jews to escape by providing them with food and cards and sending the responsible guards away under a pretext. When he "noticed" the escape the next morning, he sent the soldiers under him to search in the wrong direction.	1969
Frieda Adam			Berlin	Frieda hid her former Jewish colleague Erna Puterman in her own apartment for two and a half years when she rang the doorbell in distress in 1942 and provided her with her own scarce groceries. When Frieda's husband asked her to get rid of the guest in 1944, she was able, with the help of her sister, to accommodate Mrs. Puterman in the apartment of a Nazi opponent. This is how Erna Puterman survived the Shoah.	1992
Willi Ahrem	1902	June 20, 1967	Nemyriv	As the commander of a forced labor camp run by the Todt Organization , he repeatedly warned Jews interned there of impending SS actions and hid people in his home during these actions. Finally, he smuggled a family from the camp into a ghetto in the Romanian-occupied area and provided them and others there with food and clothing.	1965
Adolf Althoff	June 25, 1913	October 14, 1998	Darmstadt	As director of the Althoff Circus , he took in the partner of one of his employees and her family and saved five people from deportation. Adolf Althoff was honored for this together with his wife Maria Althoff .	1995
Maria Althoff	1908		Darmstadt	Wife of Adolf Althoff, whom she unreservedly supported with committed and imaginative work in the rescue operation for these Jewish people.	1995
Ruth Andreas-Friedrich	September 23, 1901	17th September 1977	Berlin-Steglitz	Founder of the Uncle Emil resistance group . She hid the persecuted, provided them with food and forged papers.	2002
Aurelius Arkenau	January 7, 1900	October 19, 1991	Leipzig	As a Dominican priest, he hid more than 100 people in the attic of St. Albert's monastery in Leipzig or found them hiding places with Christian families.	1998
Hugo Armann	August 11, 1917	May 1989	Baranavichy	Armann was sergeant major in the Wehrmacht and saved the lives of two Jewish people by hiding them in September 1942 and then allowing them to go into hiding with the partisans .	1985
Hildegard Arnold	February 8, 1915	May 2, 1997	Berlin	Arnold was one of Elisabeth Abegg's supporters - see there!	2007
Heinrich Aschoff	August 9, 1893	December 10, 1958	Herbern	The farmer hid Marga Spiegel and their daughter Karin (* 1938) on the farm of his family .	1965
Fritz Aub	December 26, 1890		Berlin	Aub was a doctor in Berlin. He provided Jews in hiding with medical help, groceries and ration cards, and arranged accommodation for them. His wife Hedwig supported him in his rescue work.	1987
Hedwig Aub			Berlin		1987
Arno Bach			Niedermiedeberg	Arno Bach and his wife Margarete, supported by Alfred Griesmann, Luise Griesmann and Frieda Lissack, hid two Jews who escaped a death march by train in April 1945 and thus saved them.	1987
Margarete Bach			Niedermiedeberg		1987
Leonard Bartlakowski	August 31, 1916	1953	Rawa Ruska	Leonard Bartlakowski initially hid two and later four Jewish citizens from Rawa Ruska. All four hid in the small apartment until Rawa Ruska was liberated on July 27, 1944. The hiding place consisted of a one cubic meter hole dug into the ground under the bed. Getting food was a particularly delicate matter, as Bartlakowski couldn't buy enough for five people without arousing suspicion. He was therefore forced to steal from his workplace at the train station. Rumors that he was hiding Jews led the Gestapo to search their house with a dog, but they did not find the people in hiding.	1979
Clare Barwitzky	June 19, 1913	March 10, 1989	France	From 1943, the pastoral assistant looked after around 30 Jewish children in a home near Chamonix , who were saved from deportation.	1991
Albert Battel	January 21, 1891	1952	Przemyśl	In the summer of 1942, together with Max Liedtke , he rescued Jews who had fled the Przemyśl ghetto before deportation and temporarily prevented the SS from evacuating the ghetto. Later he had around 500 ghetto inmates transferred to barracks; in their cellars they escaped deportation to extermination camps.	1981
Gitta Bauer	1919	1990	Berlin	Hid her friend Ilse Baumgart in her apartment for nine months from July 1944.	1985
Katharina Bayerwaltes	January 20, 1914	June 11, 2011	Bonn	It housed the Cologne couple Salomon and Henriette Jacoby and their daughter Hildegard Schott in their house at Argelanderstraße 44 from May 1943 until the liberation of Bonn by the US Army on March 9, 1945. See also: Heinz Odenthal , Josephine Odenthal , Sibylla Cronenberg	2005
Julia Beck			Zolkiev	The couple hid 18 Jews in their basement. Valentin Beck continued to live in Poland after the war. | 1983
Valentin Beck			Zolkiev		1983
Emil Beer	1883	1970	Reichshof	Emil Beer from Reichshof near Cologne, district of Berg, was the only landlord in 1933 who gave accommodation to the previously unknown 5-member Jewish family Löwenstein from Cologne. They had switched to the country, but moved back to Cologne a year later. Beer's daughter and the Löwenstein's son, Rudi, who had converted to Christianity, had met and got engaged in the meantime, but broke the bond after the Nuremberg Laws were promulgated in 1935. When the deportations began in 1941, Beer confirmed his daughter's friend, a true Christian to be, and let him live with her. At the end of 1941 the Gestapo looked for Rudi Löwenstein and was already on his track. Emil Beer made sure that he went to another hiding place in the village. Nevertheless, he was arrested and deported. Rudi Löwenstein was murdered in Auschwitz. His sister Trude escaped to England, the Löwenstein parents survived in hiding in Cologne, where they were secretly supplied with food by Emil Beer.	1998
Else Beitz	June 11, 1920	September 14, 2014	Boryslaw	Was involved with her husband Berthold in the rescue of hundreds of forced laborers and in hiding threatened Jews.	2006
Berthold Beitz	September 26, 1913	July 30, 2013	Boryslaw	Classified several hundred Jewish forced laborers - including those unable to work - as indispensable for the oil industry and employed them in the factories he managed, which avoided deportation. Together with his wife Else Beitz , he also hid Jews in his own house.	1973
Otto Berger	April 15, 1900	May 22, 1985	Berlin	Hidden u. a. his colleague Fedor Bruck from July 1943 in his private rooms before the imminent deportation and got him forged papers.	2009
Ella Bernhardt	July 16, 1914		Berlin	Herbert Bernhardt worked as a textile buyer in a Berlin company during the war. His wife Ella ran the department of another company that employed around 80 Jewish women as forced laborers. The couple saved Hugo Kähler and his Jewish mother Rosa, for whom they furnished a small apartment in Berlin. In addition, he and his wife provided emergency accommodation in their own home to Jewish women from Ms. Bernhardt's workplace.	1983
Herbert Bernhardt	February 6, 1913		Berlin		1983
Rudolf Bertram	May 8, 1893	1975	Gelsenkirchen	Together with four other hospital employees, he rescued 17 Jewish forced laborers who had been seriously injured after a bomb attack and brought to the Gelsenkirchen hospital, where he worked as a surgeon, from being transported to a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp .	1979
Werner von Biel	May 19, 1911	17th January 1972	Berlin	Werner von Biel rescued Manfred Alexander, a Jew who was born in Berlin in 1920 and who had managed to return to Berlin from the Minsk ghetto. Manfred Alexander von Biel hid in his second Berlin apartment and provided him with money and provisions.	2003
Ekkehard Bingel-Erlenmeyer	November 20, 1907	1993	Kamenets-Podolski and Kiev	Ekkehard Bingel-Erlenmeyer and Bronislava Adamchuk saved the life of Yakov Stein from Cernăuți (Chernivtsi, today Chernivtsi in Ukraine), who was active in the communist youth movement	2011
Clare Blaeser	May 26, 1900	September 25, 1996	Wuppertal	Cläre and Leni Bläser hid Hermann / Grischa Barfuss in their apartment in Wuppertal.	2017
Willi Bleicher	October 27, 1907	June 23, 1981	Buchenwald concentration camp	As a Kapo in the Buchenwald concentration camp, he saved the Polish-Jewish boy Stefan Jerzy Zweig from being transported to Auschwitz and thus from certain death by hiding him together with Robert Siewert in the camp among people with typhus . Its name was later removed from a transport list. The rescue achieved notoriety through the book Nackt unter Wölfen by Bruno Apitz in 1958 and the film adaptation of the book in 1963.	1965
Else Blochwitz	1899		Berlin	Else Blochwitz was the air raid protection officer for a large apartment block in Berlin and as such had access to apartments and cellars that had become vacant. She used this position to hide and entertain Jews on the run in her own home as well as in other places. It also ran an informal network of volunteers who donated food and clothing, and smuggled illegal packages and letters to deported Jews.	1965
Irene Block	November 19, 1915		Frankfurt	The doctorate Irene block used her connections to get their Jewish customers medical certificates, which they kept constantly facing deportation. The Jewish woman Maria Johanna Fulda saved her from deportation and took her in for more than two years in her apartment in Frankfurt and later in a small town in the Schwalm region.	1992
Mathilde Böckelmann	1907	1978	Pustow, today OT von Sassen-Trantow	Hidden and cared for Miriam Brudermann geb. Fernbach lived on her farm near Greifswald until the end of the war and risked her life.	2015
Adolph Kurt Bohm	July 27, 1926		Paris	Together with his mother Marie Böhm , forged identity cards to protect Jews from persecution.	1994
Marie Bohm	?		Paris	Together with her son Adolph Kurt Böhm , forged ID cards to protect Jews from persecution. She found hiding places and warned Jews in her neighborhood of imminent police actions.	1994
Helena Bollen	1891	November 10, 1990	Competition	Helena Bollen was the director of an orphanage in Wettringen and saved the life of the Jewish teenager Heinz Guenther Katz. She knew that the youth is registered under a false name. Bollen was the only person who was aware of Heinz Günther's true identity and who kept it secret until the end of the war. His mother, Nellie Katz, managed to survive under a false identity and to move from one hiding place to another. At the end of the war she came to pick up her son.	2012
Gottfried Bongers	January 9, 1881	July 15, 1965	Cologne	When, after the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944, the Nazi regime intensified the persecution of opponents and Jews and in September 1944 the authorities decided to arrest the half-Jews and Jewish partners who had been spared in mixed marriages and to keep them in a camp near Cologne the Jew Herta Olbertz with her daughter ordered to report to the police. Gottfried Bongers, Herta Olbertz's employer, told her not to go and offered to accommodate her and her half-Jewish daughter Kaetedore Olbertz in his apartment and that of his son Ludwig Bongers. Mother and daughter stayed in the Bongers' house until October. Their rescuers provided them with food and attended to all of their needs. Since Gottfried Bongers was known as an opponent of the Nazis, he feared that the Gestapo would search his house. So he put the two women in a cellar he owned. When his other son Heinz, a devoted Nazi, announced his home leave in December 1944 and there was a risk that he might discover the two women, Gottfried Bongers turned to his brother Paul, who lived in the east of Cologne, and asked him, Herta and Kaetedore To take in and protect Olbertz. Paul Bongers and his wife Kaethe lived in a large house with their daughter Anni, Annis husband Bertram Schallenberg and their four daughters. Despite the danger, they did not hesitate and agreed to accept the two women from late December 1944, where they could hide for two months. From February 1945 Gottfried and Ludwig Bongers took the two women back in. Herta and Kaethedore Olbertz stayed in the Bongers' basement until the American soldiers occupied Cologne on March 6, 1945 and the two women were able to move to Braunschweig.	2007
Ludwig Bongers	November 22, 1911	July 11, 1982	Cologne		2007
Käthe Bongers	July 10, 1887	April 15, 1967	Cologne		2007
Paul Bongers	October 21, 1882	March 15, 1965	Cologne		2007
Elisabeth Bornstein			Berlin	Hid the Jewish couple Gerhard and Ilse Grün together with her husband Ludwig for about a year and a half in their one-room apartment.	1982
Johannes Böttcher	1895	November 23, 1949	Essen-Rüttenscheid	As pastor of the Confessing Church , he and his wife Käthe Böttcher hid at least seven Jewish fellow citizens in the basement of the Reformation Church and in the boiler room of his parsonage.	2004
Käthe Böttcher			Essen-Rüttenscheid		2004
Günther Brandt	March 24, 1912	January 1, 1987	Potsdam	Brandt was employed as a grave officer, in this function he was authorized to issue new documents to German refugees. He uses this privilege to provide several Jewish fellow citizens with new documents that identify them as German refugees.	1980
Elisabeth Braun			Stuttgart-Degerloch	Pastor Kurt Müller ( sv ) hid several Jewish people in the reformed rectory of Degerloch as part of the underground organization Württembergische Pfarrhauskette and in cooperation with the vicar Margarete Hoffer (Schwenningen) and the community assistant Elisabeth Braun (Gerstetten) from the attack of the National Socialist state authority.	2012
Elisabeth Bredig			Berlin	After the murder of her husband of Jewish origin by the Nazis, Bredig lived with her parents again, she persuaded her parents to take Ilse Grün and another couple into their home, but withheld the fact that they were Jews.	1982
Fritz Briel	October 25, 1906		Burscheid	Biel and his wife briefly hid Marianne Strauss several times.	2004
Maria Briel	May 12, 1905		Burscheid	Wife of Fritz Briel.	2004
Heinrich Brockschmidt			Warsaw	Brockschmidt and his wife Herta Brockschmidt employed the Polish-Jewish wife Gruenfeld, who had an Aryan ID, as a housekeeper and offered the two children a roof over their heads. When the Brockschmidts returned to Germany in 1944, they gave the Gruenfelds their apartment.	1975
Herta Brockschmidt			Warsaw	Wife of Heinrich Brockschmidt.	1975
Ernst Bross	December 13, 1868	December 8, 1953	Domersleben	Ernst Bross took in Ilse Meyer and her three half-Jewish children from autumn 1943 until the liberation, thus saving them from deportation.	2008
Henny Brunken			Bremen	Henny Brunken gave concentration camp prisoners bread and groceries when the prisoners had to clear the rubble from the streets after bombing raids on the city.	1968
Valeska Buchholz			Berlin	Valeska Buchholz, who had worked as a nanny and housemaid for the wealthy Jewish family in Berlin before the war, hid the Jewish warriors, who had lived in the same apartment block in the past, from March 1943. Valeska Buchholz took the couple in, hid them in an outbuilding and shared the meager food rations with them. This continued until November 23, 1943 when the building was bombed and set on fire. The Warriors found another refuge and survived the war.	1984
Erich Büngener	1905		Berlin-Charlottenburg	During the Second World War, the Büngener family lived with their children in Berlin-Charlottenburg, where the interior designer Erich Büngener had a modern furniture shop. When Erich Büngener was called up by the army in 1941, his exhibition rooms were not used. Instead, the Büngener couple hid four Jews here from March 1943 to May 1, 1945: Max Mandel and his son Gert, his sister Ester Kantorowicz and his brother-in-law Kurt Kantorowicz. Max Mandel was a long-time friend of Erich Büngener. At the beginning of 1943, when the situation for the remaining Jews in Berlin became more and more desperate, Mandel called his friend and asked him if he could temporarily accommodate four people. Büngener agreed, although married and with children. The Kantorowicz couple first hid in the exhibition rooms, Max Mandel and his son joined them a little later. With the exception of Kurt Kantorowicz, who was caught by the Gestapo in July 1944, everyone stayed with the Büngener family until the end of the war. Placing four illegal Jews in wartime Berlin was not only a very dangerous but also a very stressful affair. The main burden was borne by Erika Büngener, who used her two small children's ration cards to get food for everyone. This was supplemented by food that the almonds could procure themselves on their various excursions. Erika Büngener's parents, who knew about the four Jews in hiding, were concerned about the possible consequences. However, this did not prevent them from accommodating the people in hiding for eight days while the Büngener family's apartment was being repaired after a major air raid.	1991
Erika Büngener	1916		Berlin-Charlottenburg		1991
Wilhelm Bürger			Mannheim	Wilhelm Bürger played an important role in the rescue of the Jewish Herzberg family from Mannheim in February and March 1945. The wealthy Jewish textile merchant Karl Herzberg, from Danzig, had lived in Mannheim since he was a child and married a non-Jewish woman here. His wife joined the Jewish community, as did their three children - a son and two daughters. According to the Nuremberg Laws, the three siblings were considered Jews ( valid Jews ), and the Herzberg family was persecuted like any other Jewish family in National Socialist Germany. Nonetheless, the mother's ancestry helped to protect the Jewish husband and two daughters - the son had managed to emigrate to Great Britain in 1938 - from deportation until very late in the war. In February 1945, the Gestapo asked all three to report for transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . From then on, Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud, Wilhelm Bürger as well as Frieda and Mathias Müller helped to save the three persecuted: Herzberg's former business partner Wilhelm Bürger, who had already supported the Herzberg family with ration cards in 1944, decided - when he noticed that the Americans were not far away - to find temporary shelter for the Herzbergs. He initially brought the family up with Gertrud Hammer and her father Georg. Although they did not know the Herzbergs, both daughter and father were willing to give the persecuted family temporary refuge in their house in the nearby town of Schönau (now part of Mannheim). Since the twin households of the Hammers were noisy, 16-year-old Doris Herzberg fell ill with pneumonia and there were constant air raids on Mannheim, Wilhelm Bürger later found a more suitable shelter in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg with Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias. The persecution of the Herzberg family ended here on April 1, 1945, when the Americans marched into Ziegelhausen.	1978
Adolf Bunke	January 14, 1904	January 1, 1945	Blöstau	Adolf Bunke and his wife Frieda Bunke, both members of the Confessing Church, took in Evelyn Goldstein and later her mother Herta Goldstein in Blöstau, both Berlin Jews who had been living illegally since the beginning of 1943 and first with Hildegard (Kniess) Arnold and later had found shelter with Elisabeth Abegg and Lydia Forsstroem. The Bunke couple knew they were harboring a Jewish woman and child, but agreed to hide them, despite the danger, until the area was liberated by the Soviet army. During the entire period, the bunkes took care of all the needs of the two refugees, who had neither identity papers nor food cards. After the war ended, Herta and Evy Goldstein could not prove that they were Jews and the Russian authorities prevented them from returning to Berlin. They spent another three years in Vilnius before being able to return to Berlin in 1948. Two years later they emigrated to the USA.	2009
Frieda Bunke	December 29, 1895	January 27, 1976	Blöstau		2009
Marie Burde	June 9, 1892	July 12, 1963	Berlin	Newspaper seller and rag collector who, from 1943, hid three Jewish youths in her basement apartment and thus saved their lives.	2012
Emilie Busch			Wuppertal	Hid Marianne Ellenbogen in her apartment. She had been the housekeeper with their aunt.	2004
Otto Busse	September 23, 1901	March 6, 1980	Bialystok	Busse employed Jewish citizens in his painting business and thus prevented their deportation, and he also procured weapons, medicines and clothing for the partisan group in Bialystok.	1968
Hans Georg Calmeyer	June 23, 1903	3rd September 1972	The hague	Was head of the “Internal Administration” department, which also included the “ Judenreferat ”, in the occupied Netherlands . His task was u. a. the "clarification of racial doubts". He also knowingly accepted forged papers in order to enable people to be classified as “Aryans” or as “quarter” or “half Jews” instead of “full Jews”, and gave advice on how a possibly life-saving classification could be achieved. Even a warning from his superiors didn't stop him. In this way, he was able to save at least 3,700 people, while at the same time for about 2,000 Jews the classification as "cases of doubt" meant death by him.	1992
Ursula Calogerás-Meissner			Berlin	Ursula Meissner, who worked as a young actress at the Berlin State Theater, housed the Jewish Latte family - mother, father and one adult son - in their house in northern Berlin for several weeks until they found another hiding place.	1994
Joseph Sebastian Cammerer	November 5, 1892	August 30, 1983	Munich Tutzing	Joseph Sebastian Cammerer, a German engineer for heat and cold protection, protected and hid his Jewish childhood friend Gertrud Fröhlich and her husband Walter Lustig in his research laboratory in Tutzing and in Munich. Since Cammerer's research was classified as important to the war effort by the Nazi regime, the Lustig couple was able to claim auxiliary workers - allegedly “for particularly unpleasant chemical work”. This protected the two of them from the harsh conditions of forced labor, which is mandatory for the Jewish population. In mid-1941 Cammerer even conducted personal negotiations with the Gauleiter's office for Aryanization in order to obtain permission for the further employment of the Jewish couple, whose health had deteriorated significantly. Walter Lustig, marked by his brief imprisonment in the Dachau concentration camp in 1938 and in the Stadelheim prison in 1939, died in September 1941 and was buried in the Jewish North Cemetery in Munich. After Walter Lustig's death, his wife Gertrud, who was also seriously ill, continued to spend the day in the Munich laboratory. When Joseph Cammerer could no longer protect his sick friend from deportation, he took her to his remote research facility in Tutzing. Here she died on February 11, 1942. With the help of a trusted friend, Cammerer buried Gertrud Lustig first in the conservatory that belonged to the house and later transferred the remains of his girlfriend to the Jewish cemetery in Munich with the help of the Schörghofer family. After the end of the war, Cammerer informed the Jewish community in Munich and the Tutzing civil register about the private burial.	1969
Eva Cassirer	January 28, 1920	September 19, 2009	Berlin	Eva Cassirer and her mother Hannah Sotschek hid Elisabeth Jacoby, a Jew.	2011
Herbert Coehn			Bialystok	From 1943 on, Cohen hid Paulina Stein, her husband and their seven-year-old son in his apartment.	1992
Sibylla Cronenberg	1870	1951	Rolandseck near Remagen	She housed the Jewish family Jacoby, Salomon and Henriette as well as their daughter Hildegard Schott in the Rheinhotel "Zum Anker" that she runs . See also: Heinz Odenthal , Josephine Odenthal , Katharina Bayerwaltes	2005
Wilhelm Daene	November 20, 1899		Berlin	He kept three Jewish women hidden in his two-room apartment, obtained forged papers for many other Jews, warned them of deportations and helped them go underground. Wilhelm Daene also improved the working conditions of Jewish forced laborers by shortening their shifts and defending them everywhere.	1978
Margarete Daene			Berlin	Wife of Wilhelm Daene. She arranged for the three Jewish women and many more to be accommodated during her husband's arrest in 1944.	1978
Konrad David	March 30, 1910		Lviv	Protected Ms. Gogatko and her daughter by first hiding them in an apartment and, after their arrest, using his special powers to reclaim them from the Gestapo.	1980
Paul David			Bielsko	The couple Paul and Regina David and their daughter Margit David were ethnic Germans who lived in Bielsko (Bielitz) in the Polish Upper Silesia at the time of the war. Paul David ran a repair shop for army trucks there. Polish partisans, who knew David as a "silent" anti-fascist, brought him into contact with Jews who were fleeing from the death squads of the SS and the Gestapo. In this way, the David family saved no fewer than 12 Jews between 1943 and the end of the war, including two small children, who found shelter in a cellar of their house that was excavated especially for this purpose. Two of those rescued, Sara Schlanger and her ten-year-old daughter, came to Bielsko with forged papers after the Bedzin ghetto was dissolved. 19-year-old Margit David, who worked in the local employment office, got Sara Schlanger a work permit. The Davids took care of their ten-year-old daughter during the day while Sara Schlanger was at work.	1982
Regina David			Bielsko		1982
Margit David			Bielsko		1982
Johannes De Lattré	March 16, 1898		Borth	Johannes De Lattré and his wife Eva De Lattré hid the Abramowicz and Machost couple in their house in Borth.	1978
Eva De Lattré	December 24, 1902		Borth	Wife of Johannes De Lattré.	1978
Hilde Dietrich	August 13, 1914	November 11, 1985	Oettersdorf	Together with her father-in-law Paul, she rescued the Jewish master tailor Alfred Lichtenstein in their home in Oettersdorf by hiding him from deportation from June 1944 to April 1945. Both received the “Savior among the Nations” medal.	2001
Paul Dietrich	September 26, 1882	July 9, 1951	Oettersdorf	Hilde Dietrich's father-in-law	2001
Alfred Dilger	October 20, 1897	1975	Bad Cannstatt	Was involved in helping the persecuted as a member of the “Brother Council” of the Confessing Church ; u. a. together with his wife Luise he hid the Jewish couple Krakauer in his house.	1991
Luise Dilger	?		Bad Cannstatt	Hid the Jewish couple Krakauer together with their husband Alfred in their house.	1991
Josef Dinzinger	1891	July 18, 1948	Parnkofen	Danziger and his wife Maria Danziger hid Yerucham Apple and a friend who escaped from one of the death marches on their farm.	1966
Maria Dinzinger	1896	October 10, 1975	Parnkofen	Wife of Josef Dinzinger.	1966
Hildegard Dipper				Wife of Theodor Dipper	2008
Theodor Dipper	1903	1969	Reichenbach	Organizer of the underground organization Württembergische Pfarrhauskette , which hid persecuted Jews in churches and private homes of pastors and their relatives. Together with his wife Hildegard Dipper, Theodor Dipper hid the Jewish couple Krakauer with them in Reichenbach for three and a half weeks. The Krakauers returned to the Dippers for the second time between December 1944 and January 1945. In between, Pastor Dipper helped them find other hiding spots.	2008
Anna Disselnkötter	January 28, 1904	November 23, 2006	Züschen	Anna Disselnkötter and her husband Walther Disselnkötter hid the Jew Rahel Ida Plüer, nee Schild, in their house from January 1945 until the liberation and provided her with a new ID.	1996
Walther Disselnkötter	November 14, 1903	March 20, 2000	Züschen	Husband of Anna Disselnkötter.	1996
Margarethe Dobbeck			Mulhouse	Margarethe Dobbeck, who lived in Berlin for a few years and got to know the Jewish couple Emil Stargardter and his wife Gertrud there, lived again in their home town of Mulhouse in Alsace in 1943. The Stargardter couple, who had been living illegally since February 1943, decided at the end of 1943, when the bombing raids on Berlin increased, to leave Berlin and seek refuge with Margarethe Dobbeck. In addition to the Stargardter couple, Dobbeck also hid Flora Wolff. After the war Emil and Gertrud Stargardter returned to Berlin and then emigrated to Israel, where they settled in Haifa.	2013
Hans von Dohnanyi	January 1, 1902	April 9, 1945	Leipzig	In 1942, he made it possible for the Jewish Berlin lawyers Fritz Arnold and Julius Fliess and their family members to flee to Switzerland by posing as agents of the Abwehr Office. Through the alleged Operation U-7 he initiated, 13 people were able to travel to Switzerland after he had prepared them as refugees during a secret visit.	2003
Wanda Dombrowski			Berlin	Wanda Dombrowski housed Herbert Strauss from May to June 1943 and affixed his passport photo to his forged ID.	2001
Martha-Maria Driessen	April 13, 1910		Vienna	Martha-Maria Driessen, together with Dorothea Neff (Antonie Schmid) and Meta Schmitt, saved the life of the Jewish clothing designer Lilli Wolff.	1979
Elfriede Drossel	April 20, 1892		Berlin	Wife of Paul Drossel, mother of their son Heinz Droßel . She, her husband and her son hid four Jews in Berlin in March 1945.	1999
Heinz Droßel	September 21, 1916	April 28, 2008	Berlin , Senzig	Wehrmacht soldier, helped a Jewish woman on home leave in Berlin in 1942, let her rest at home and gave her money to make it easier for her to find a place to hide. On home leave with his parents in Senzig in February 1945, he gave a Jewish family who had been hiding there for years, who had been discovered by neighbors and threatened to be denounced, the key to his Berlin apartment as well as a pistol and destroyed treacherous documents.	1999
Paul Drossel	December 15, 1880		Berlin	Elfriede Drossel's husband, see above	1999
Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz	September 29, 1904	16th February 1973	Copenhagen	As an employee at the German Foreign Office in 1943, he passed on knowledge about planned deportations of Jews from Denmark and, through his negotiation policy, helped Jews to flee to Sweden . After hearing from the German envoy in Copenhagen Werner Best of the deportation order for the Danish Jews on September 18, 1943 , Duckwitz negotiated with the Swedish government under Best's tolerance in Stockholm to accept Jewish refugees. This saved 7,000 Danish Jews from deportation, and around 500 were transported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , 90% of which survived.	1971
Anne Dudacy	August 30, 1904	March 7, 1970	Berlin	She hid a Jewish family until the end of the war.	2001
Sylvia Ebel	December 31, 1926	April 6, 2008	Berlin	Daughter of Anne Dudacy	1996
Gunther-Georg Ebert	December 3, 1919		Dusseldorf	After the German authorities ordered the deportation of Jews in mixed marriages and their half-Jewish children in September 1944, Therese Ebert and her husband Gunther-Georg Ebert took in the half-Jewish Hanna Jordan. Hanna Jordan stayed here until the arrival of the Allies in March 1945.	2009
Therese Ebert	October 17, 1919		Dusseldorf		2009
Johanna Eck	January 14, 1888	September 27, 1979	Berlin	Hid two Jews and two politically persecuted people.	1973
Frida Eckert	March 12, 1904		Weissach	Eckert and her husband Gotthilf Eckert hid Hans Gumpel and his wife in their house from August to December 1943.	1980
Gotthilf Eckert	August 25, 1904		Weissach	Husband of Frida Eckert.	1980
Gottfried von One	January 24, 1918		Berlin	Gottfried von Eine supported the Jewish Berlin musician Konrad Latte during the last two years of the war. In 1943 he hired the musician who had gone into hiding as a répétiteur for rehearsals for his ballet Princess Turandot , provided him with food cards and an ID from the Reich Chamber of Music . Thanks to the efforts of Einems and others, Konrad Latte was saved from deportation .	2002
Alois Elsner	June 15, 1897	17th July 1971	Kaufering	Husband of Maria Elsner	2020
Maria Elsner			Kaufering	The German couple provided forced laborers in the labor camp in Kaufering, Bavaria, with food, medicine and clothing. After the war they received many letters from former slave laborers to thank them for their lifesaving help.	2020
Else Elsner			Hamburg	Else and Henri Elsner, who owned a dairy in Hamburg, hid Salomea Schulz and her children Robert (then 9 years old) and Harriet (then 10 years old) twice in their cellar and provided them with food from October 1938. The Elsners maintained contact with the Schulz family until they emigrated.	2006
Henri Elsner			Hamburg		2006
Joseph Emonds	November 15, 1898	7th February 1975	Kirchheim	The Catholic priest hid the painter Mathias Barz and his Jewish wife Hilde Stein in his rectory .	2013
Bernhard Falkenberg			Włodawa	Falkenberg was an overseer in the labor camp in Włodawa, near the Sobibor concentration camp. Falkenberg requested far more than the approved 500 people from the Sobibor concentration camp and thus saved their lives. He was later denounced and himself was in Mauthausen concentration camp until liberation.	2002
Johan Baptist files	1904	1991	Buchenwald concentration camp	Jean Baptist Feilen and the Ukrainian Nikita Voyevoda hid the Soviet prisoner of war Emil Alperin, who arrived at the Buchenwald concentration camp in March 1944 until the American army liberated the camp on April 11, 1945. After Feilen found out that Emil, alias Dimitri, was Jewish, he decided to help him survive in the camp. He hid it in the basement and in the laundry storerooms. He was supported by Nikita Voyevoda.	2005
Wanda Feuerherm	September 2, 1905		Berlin-Lichtenberg	Wanda Feuerherm hid Gerda Segal, a Jew, in her house from 1942 to 1944.	1987
Hans Feyerabend	July 16, 1882	January 30, 1945	Palm nod	On January 26, 1945, Hans Feyerabend, commander of the Volkssturm , refused to have 3,000 Jews walled up in an amber mine. On January 30th, he was found dead. Whether it was suicide could never be determined. The 3,000 Jews were shot on the beach - 15 of them survived the massacre.	2013
Fritz Fiedler	?		Horodenka	As a local commandant, he warned Jewish residents of impending arrests by the SS. He hid around fifty Jews under the pretext that they were working for the Wehrmacht in the local commandant's building. He gave the soldiers under his command to prevent the SS from entering, if necessary by force of arms.	1965
Hans Fittko	May 16, 1903		Banyuls-sur-Mer	From September 1940 to April 1941, together with his wife Lisa Fittko , he led numerous persecuted people on a smuggler's trail across the Pyrenees from France to Spain.	2000
Emil Fleischer			Hollbrunn, Lübben i. Spreewald	Emil Fleischer and his daughter Gabriele Fleischer saved the lives of the two Jewish women Ljubica Levi and Lili Goldenberger at the end of February 1945. The two women, who were first brought from Auschwitz to Lieberose concentration camp by the SS and then sent on a death march with 2,000 other women - probably in the direction of Bergen-Belsen - were hidden in a barn by the Fleischers and supplied with provisions and provided with false working papers.	2001
Gabriele Fleischer		July 12, 2003	Hollbrunn, Lübben i. Spreewald		2001
Lieselotte Flemming			Riga	Lieselotte Flemming and her husband provided the German Jew Bertha Seifersfeld and later also her husband in Riga with food, whereby Bertha Seifersfeld survived the war.	1984
Elisabeth Flügge	February 4, 1895	February 2, 1983	Hamburg	The teacher made vacation stays for her Jewish students possible and took in a Jewish family.	1976
Lydia Forsström	April 5, 1914	January 1, 2006	Berlin	Forsström hid Liselotte Pereles in her student apartment for a year and a half and provided other Jews in hiding with material things.	1980
Ella Friedlieb	May 15, 1888		Havelberg	Sister of Wally Hagemann	1994
Karin Friedrich	February 18, 1925	November 27, 2015	Marburg	Was a member of the Uncle Emil resistance group with her mother Ruth Andreas-Friedrich and others . She hid the persecuted, provided them with food and forged papers.	2004
Peter Friedrich	August 26, 1889		Berlin	Peter Friedrich, a socialist and passionate opponent of the Nazis, his wife and their two unmarried daughters hid Ismar Reich and his mother from August 1943 until Liberation Day in their little house on the outskirts of Berlin.	1985
Otto Ernst Fritsch	December 5, 1908		innsbruck	In his role as Air Force sergeant, Fritsch tried to save the lives of Jews from mixed marriages when they were arrested for deportation. He was later imprisoned and tortured himself.	1975
Gertrud Fröhlich	1908		Waldenburg	Gertrud Fröhlich, who fled with her children from Breslau to her father in Dörnhau [near Beutengrund ] in Lower Silesia at the beginning of 1945 , took the Jew Abraham Kaiser from Lodz there in March 1945 , who had passed through several German concentration camps and was completely emaciated with her Door got up into her house and hid it. After the arrival of the Soviets, Kaiser stayed in Gertrud Fröhlich's house until August or September 1945, after which he returned to Lodz and emigrated to Israel in 1947.	1999
Wolfgang Frommel	July 8, 1902	December 13, 1986	Amsterdam	From 1942, hid a group of mostly Jewish youth from Germany and the Netherlands from the access of the German occupying forces , including Claus Victor Bock and Friedrich W. Buri .	1973
Auguste Fuchs	July 1, 1890	July 1, 1971	Bergisch Gladbach	Together with her husband Dr. Fritz Fuchs spent months in his own house in Bergisch Gladbach, a Wuppertal woman persecuted by the Nazis as a Jew (Henriette Jordan, wife of the Wuppertal factory owner Franz Jordan). In honor of the Fuchs couple, a street in Bergisch Gladbach was named after them and is now called "Auguste-und-Fritz-Fuchs-Platz".	2009
Fritz Fuchs	December 24, 1881	February 1, 1972	Bergisch Gladbach	Husband of Auguste Fuchs.	2009
Herta Fuchs	May 21, 1908		Oberpoyritz	Fuchs and her husband Kurt Fuchs took in three death march refugees in April 1945.	1995
Kurt Fuchs	November 22, 1908	May 12, 1945	Oberpoyritz	Husband of Herta Fuchs.	1995
Elli Fullmann			Zschopau	During the last months of the war, Elli Fullmann, a young war widow and mother of four children, took in Odette Spingarn, a Jew, who had jumped from an evacuation train towards the Flossenbürg concentration camp in Zschopau, Saxony . Elli Fullmann hid Odette Spingarn in her apartment and shared the meager rations with her.	1981
Gaby Gaebler			Berlin	Mother of Wolfgang Gaebler and Eva Stoll.	1980
Wolfgang Gaebler			Berlin	Son of Gaby Gaebler.	1995
Liesel Gansz	1913	May 11, 1971	Berlin	Liesel Gansz took in her Jewish friend Charlotte Herzfeld, who was to be deported in autumn 1942, with herself and her mother Luise Gansz. In the years that followed, Liesel Gansz organized several different hiding places for her friend and provided her with food.	2009
Luise Gansz	1881		Berlin	Mother of Luise Gansz.	2009
Hanni Ganzer	1893		Dusseldorf	Hanni Ganzer, a senior teacher at the Luisenschule in Düsseldorf and a member of the Bund - Association for Socialist Life , took in the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, Marianne Ellenbogen , in February 1945. She hid them and provided them with food. Marianne Ellenbogen had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943 and was brought to her friend Hanni Ganzer by Bund member Greta Dreibholz. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp .	2004
Willi Garbrecht	October 1, 1903	1981	Zawiercie	Willi Garbrecht, an Air Force lieutenant who worked in a German Air Force factory in Zawiercie, hid Yoel Grinkraut and six other Jews, provided them with food and saved them from deportation to the concentration camp.	2011
Elise Garzke-Israelowicz	June 15, 1896	July 8, 1982	Berlin	Elise Garzke-Israelowicz, the “Aryan” widow of Richard Israelowicz, hid her husband's Jewish friend, Isaac Grünberg, in her apartment at Brunnerstrasse 63 in Berlin's Wedding district from May 1942 to May 1943.	2004
Auguste Gehre	October 2, 1898	January 1972	Berlin	Auguste Gehre and her husband Karl Max Gehre hid the family's Jewish general practitioner in their apartment from 1943 and helped ensure that his relatives found shelter. They also provided them with food.	1988
Karl Max Gehre	August 23, 1897	1968	Berlin		1988
Hedwig Gehrke			Goettingen	Marianne Ellenbogen, the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943. One of these members was Hedwig Gehrke, who lived in Göttingen with her young son and mother-in-law . Gehrke and Karin Morgenstern in Braunschweig took turns taking Marianne Ellenbogen to their home in the autumn of 1943. They hid them and provided them with food. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp .	2004
Christl Gerbrandt			Stegna (formerly: Steegen)	Christl Gerbrandt, her father Gustav Gerbrandt and her mother Klara Gerbrandt hid Chaya Feigin (née Baran), her mother and a third Jewish girl from January to May 1945 on their farm in the village of Steegen, not far from Gdansk . The three women escaped from the Stutthof concentration camp on a death march and were brought to their parents' farm by Christl Gerbrandt. Here they got protection, warm clothing, food and new identities.	1990
Gustav Gerbrandt			Stegna (formerly: Steegen)		1990
Klara Gerbrandt			Stegna (formerly: Steegen)		1990
Anastasia Gerschütz			Stadtlauringen	Severin Gerschütz from Stadtlauringen, a dentist by profession, and his wife Anastasia Gerschütz were devout Catholics and staunch opponents of National Socialism. Long after Hitler came to power, they maintained friendly relations with the only Jewish family in Stadtlauringen, the Hirschbergers and temporarily hid the niece of their Jewish neighbors Irene Schmalenbach and her daughter Eva. After the two women failed to flee to Switzerland, Irene Schmalenbach was deported to Auschwitz and Eva Schmalenbach managed to escape from prison, the Gerschütz couple took Eva Schmalenbach in again for a while.	1985
Severin Gerschütz			Stadtlauringen		1985
Elisabeth Gessler	December 28, 1913	1984	Lviv and Budapest	Elisabeth Hedwig Gessler, b. Since 1938 Leja was the nanny of the Jewish family Eduard and Dora Gessler and their three children Elek, Lili and Roman in what is now Bielsko-Biała in southern Poland. When the war broke out, the Gesslers fled, accompanied by their nanny, to Lemberg , where Dora Gessler committed suicide. Elisabeth Leja continued to look after the children, fled with two of the children from Lviv to Hungary in 1941 and in 1944 with the entire family to Romania. During the entire war, Elisabeth Leja protected the Gessler children with the greatest devotion and love. After the war, Elisabeth Leja stayed with Eduard Gessler and the children and they married in 1965.	2007
Albert Gilles	May 30, 1895		Rheinbreitbach	Dr. Albert Gilles and his wife Marga Gilles (née Honecker) from Rheinbreitbach near Cologne were practicing Catholics. Albert Gilles was acquainted with Waldemar Fritz and Frieda Fritz (née Panitsch) from Cologne, who ran a tobacco shop there and had a child together. Frieda Fritz was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in 1939. When the Nazis began to deport Jewish partners from mixed marriages towards the end of 1944, the Fritz family fled their house and lived with friends and relatives near Cologne and Bonn. In January they turned to the Gilles couple for protection. Albert and Marga Gilles willingly took the Fritz family into their home and kept them in their home until the fall of the Nazi regime.	2005
Marga Gilles	June 28, 1897		Rheinbreitbach		2005
Hilde Goelz	December 10, 1884	7th August 1971	Wankheim	Hid Jews together with her husband Richard (see below) in his parsonage, who had been placed by the Berlin office of Grüber .	1992
Richard Goelz	February 5, 1887	3rd May 1975	Wankheim	Together with his wife Hilde (see above), he hid Jews in his parsonage who had been placed by the Berlin office of Grüber , or referred them to other parsonages ( Württemberg parsonage chain ). At the end of 1944 he was denounced and arrested on December 23, 1944 during the morning service in Tübingen and transferred to the Welzheim concentration camp , but was released again in 1945.	1992
Theodor Görner	December 10, 1884	7th August 1971	Berlin	Print shop owner, together with his daughter Hanni N Körper, helped over a hundred persecuted, mostly Jewish people, 22 of whom survived. Among others, Inge Deutschkron and her mother Ella, for whom he found work in his print shop in the summer of 1943 under an assumed name through the agency of Otto Weidt .	1967
Elisabeth Goes	November 16, 1911	August 23, 2007	Gebersheim	German pastor's wife and member of the Württemberg parsonage chain , while her husband was absent as a military pastor, accepted a Jewish woman through the mediation of a pastor she knew and in 1944 the Jewish couple Max and Ines Krakauer in the parsonage, whom they passed off as bomb refugees from Berlin. Max and Ines Krakauer lived with her and their children until September 20, 1944.	1991
Hermann Grabe	June 19, 1900	April 17, 1986	Ukraine	Engineer, from 1941 worked for a construction company in the German-occupied Ukraine and managed maintenance and new construction work on the track systems for the Deutsche Reichsbahn . He witnessed the massacre of the Jewish population in Rovno and Dubno . He succeeded in supplying thousands of Jews with forged papers and officially employing them as workers on his construction sites. Thanks to his record of the murder, the Americans were able to track down mass graves in Ukraine and find those responsible. As a witness at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in 1946, his detailed statements made a decisive contribution to the conviction of numerous perpetrators.	1965
Martha Grassmann	January 16, 1881 as Martha Maria Pauline Fenske	January 24, 1971	Berlin	Hidden Jewish victims and organized food, first in their apartment, then in the basement of a bombed-out villa at Lassenstrasse 26 in Berlin-Grunewald . She was married to Robert Karl August Grassmann since April 3, 1908 (Berlin, December 19, 1877– July 16, 1952). She hid the artist Fritz Ascher (Berlin, October 17, 1893– March 26, 1970) from June 15, 1942 until the liberation of Berlin-Grunewald by the Russian army on April 29, 1945. Her only son, the lawyer Gerhard Grassmann on December 23, 1938 Fritz Ascher's release from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where he had been since the Reichskristallnacht on 9/10 November was interned. At the beginning of January 1939, Ascher was arrested again and taken to the Potsdam police prison. It was not until May 15, 1939 that Gerhard Grassmann, together with Pastor Heinrich Grüber Ascher's office, was released . Martha Grassmann took care of Ascher until the end of his life.	2012
Alfred Griesmann			Niedermiedeberg	Alfred Griesmann and his wife Luise Griesmann helped Arno Bach and his wife Margarete as well as Frieda Lissack to hide and thus to rescue two Jews who escaped a death march by rail transport in April 1945.	1987
Liesel Griesmann			Niedermiedeberg		1987
Walter Groos		1979	Kaufering / Landsberg am Lech	Walter Groos, originally from Augsburg , came in 1944/45 as construction manager for the Josef Riepel company to build railway lines in the Kaufering subcamp complex . In this capacity he was on the construction site twice a week and tried to alleviate the suffering of the inmates by smuggling medicines, clothing, food and information into the camps about getting closer to the front. He encouraged the concentration camp inmates to hold out until liberation. Groos was denounced by work colleagues, but was able to suppress these charges. He also supported Jews in emigrating to England. He had taken his Jewish mother-in-law into his home and thus saved her from deportation and extermination. All this has been through the oral history work of Anton Posset made public and eyewitness reports.	1994
Anneliese Groscurth	1910	1996	Berlin	Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann, together with the architect Herbert Richter and the dentist Paul Rentsch, founded the underground group “The European Union”, which at times had more than fifty German members. This group formed a communication and information network with foreign forced laborers and prisoners of war in the Berlin area and tried to prepare for the time after the overthrow of the Nazi regime. At the same time she hid Jews who had escaped deportation, provided them with food and obtained false identification documents. Anneliese Groscurth and Georg Groscurth, for example, provided Elisabeth von Scheven (née Weidenrich), a Jewish woman from Frankfurt, with false identification documents and hid them in their house for three weeks in 1943.	1987
Georg Groscurth	December 27, 1904	May 8, 1944	Berlin		1987
Charlotte Grossmann	December 21, 1897	August 10, 1978	Berlin-Treptow	From November 21, 1942 to the summer of 1944, the resistance fighters Charlotte (née Krause) and Reinhold Großmann, together with their daughter Sonja Großmann, hid the Jewish artist Gertrude Sandmann, who was friends with them, in their shared apartment at 11 Onckenstraße and worked until the Wehrmacht surrendered in May 1945 in the further rescue (among other things through food supply in the subsequent hiding place - arbor colony in Biesdorf ) before the safe destruction.	2015
Reinhold Grossmann	July 28, 1897	April 11, 1975	Berlin-Treptow	From November 21, 1942 to the summer of 1944, the resistance fighters Charlotte (née Krause) and Reinhold Großmann, together with their daughter Sonja Großmann, hid the Jewish artist Gertrude Sandmann, who was friends with them, in their shared apartment at 11 Onckenstraße and worked until the Wehrmacht surrendered in May 1945 in the further rescue (among other things through food supply in the subsequent hiding place - arbor colony in Biesdorf ) before the safe destruction.	2015
Tony Grossmann			Gorowo Ilaweckie	Tony Grossmann hid the doctor Ilse Kassel and her daughter Edith on a farm near Landsberg an der Warthe . Presumably through denunciation , however, the hiding place was blown up, and Ilse Kassel committed suicide for fear of arrest. Tony Grossmann was sentenced to two and a half years in a concentration camp. In 1993 she was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit.	1981
Wilma Groyen	April 22, 1900	September 27, 1995	Koenigswinter	Wilma Groyen hid her Jewish friend Martha Steg and her son Günther from January to March 1945 and did not break off relations with other Jewish acquaintances.	2008
Heinrich Grüber	June 24, 1891	November 29, 1975	Berlin	Heinrich Grüber, a Protestant theologian, and his wife managed to enable Jews and their spouses or descendants who had converted to Christianity , probably 1138, to leave Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1940 .	1964
Klara Grüger	July 16, 1912	May 8, 1999	Berlin	Klara Grüger hid a Jewish lawyer in her apartment for two and a half years and helped other Jews and Russian prisoners of war.	1986
Marie Grünberg	January 21, 1903	October 27, 1986	Berlin	Marie Grünberg saved the lives of four people persecuted by the National Socialists during the Nazi era by hiding them in her gazebo in Berlin-Blankenburg and supplying them with food.	1984
Emma Gumz	December 1, 1899	5th January 1981	Berlin	Emma Gumz hid Ella and Inge Deutschkron in the laundry that she ran with her husband and supplied other Jews with food.	1971
Anna Gutsmann	1899	1987	Berlin	Anna Gutsmann hid her former employer Hermann Hersz Kranz, his wife Leonore and their son Fredy in their apartment in 1943 and provided them with food. When Anna Gutsmann's neighbors became suspicious and asked about the flatmates, Anna Gutsmann brought the Kranz family with Ella and Kurt Neubauer, also former employees of Hermann Herz Kranz.	2010
Heinz Gützlaff	1905	1961	Berlin	Gützlaff gave the Jewish orthopedic surgeon Kurt Hirschfeldt his own identification card and added Hirschfeldt's photo to the ID.	2018
Maria Haardt			Kaunas	Maria Haardt and her husband Herbert Haardt hid the Jewish Segal family in their apartment from July 1944 and thus saved their lives.	1981
Herbert Haardt			Kaunas	Husband of Maria Haardt.	1981
Erna Härtel	June 2, 1904		Palm nod	Erna Härtel ran an inn in Sorgenau on the Baltic Sea coast, not far from Palmnicken (today Yantarny in Russia). She saved the life of the Polish-Jewish girl Frieda from Lodz, a concentration camp inmate who had escaped a death march. Frieda stayed with Erna Härtel from January 31, 1945 until the Russians moved in on April 14, 1945.	1966
Anna Hafner			Mannheim	Anna Hafner and her daughter Anna Marie Elise Käferle-Hafner supported Martha Käferle-Süsskind, who had been living illegally from 1941, and hid her in her apartment for six months.	1997
Hedwig Hafner			Karlsruhe	Wife of Otto Hafner.	1979
Otto Hafner	October 1, 1904	October 26, 1986	Karlsruhe	Otto Hafner and his wife Hedwig Hafner hid Klara Pereg, who fled after the annexation of Austria , in their apartment for nine months before she fled to her sister in the Netherlands.	1979
Gertraud Hagemann			Havelberg	Gerhard Hagemann and his wife Wally Hagemann lived with their six children and Wally's unmarried sister Ella Friedlieb in Havelberg, a small town in the province of Brandenburg, around 100 kilometers northwest of Berlin. The Hagemanns and Ella Friedlieb were devout Catholics who continued to maintain friendly relations with the five Jewish families in the village after the Nazis came to power. Gerhard Hagemann had a good Jewish friend in Berlin, Jacob Kahane. When the deportations of the Jews began, Jacob Kahane initially hid with his wife and two children in Berlin. Then he turned to his friend Gerhard Hagemann in Havelberg with a request for help. Hagemann took his friend to the mayor's office and said he was a refugee from Berlin who, together with his family, had escaped an air raid in which all their belongings, including personal papers, were destroyed by fire. In this way, the Kahane family received official “Aryan” papers, received ration cards and was assigned a small house not far from the Hagemanns. The entire Kahane family, supported by the Hagemann and Ella Friedlieb families, survived the war in this way.	1994
Gerhard Hagemann			Havelberg		1994
Maria Hagemann			Havelberg		1994
Monika Hagemann			Havelberg		1994
Wally Hagemann			Havelberg		1994
Wilhelm Hammann	February 25, 1897	July 26, 1955	Buchenwald concentration camp	As a communist he was a prisoner in Buchenwald concentration camp , where he was the “block elder” of “Children's Block 8”, in which Jewish children were imprisoned. When the news of the imminent deportation of the Jewish children leaked, he saved 159 children by removing the star from their prison clothes that identified them as Jewish children.	1984
Georg Hammer			Mannheim	Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud Hammer played an important role in the rescue of the Jewish Herzberg family from Mannheim in February and March 1945. The wealthy Jewish textile merchant Karl Herzberg, from Gdansk, had lived in Mannheim since he was a child and married one here gentile woman. His wife joined the Jewish community, as did their three children - a son and two daughters. According to the Nuremberg Laws, the three siblings were considered Jews ( valid Jews ), and the Herzberg family was persecuted like any other Jewish family in National Socialist Germany. Nonetheless, the mother's ancestry helped to protect the Jewish husband and two daughters - the son had managed to emigrate to Great Britain in 1938 - from deportation until very late in the war. In February 1945, the Gestapo asked all three to report for transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . From then on, Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud, Wilhelm Bürger as well as Frieda and Mathias Müller helped to save the three persecuted: Herzberg's former business partner Wilhelm Bürger, who had already supported the Herzberg family with ration cards in 1944, decided - when he noticed that the Americans were not far away - to find temporary shelter for the Herzbergs. He initially brought the family up with Gertrud Hammer and her father Georg. Although they did not know the Herzbergs, both daughter and father were willing to give the persecuted family temporary refuge in their house in the nearby town of Schönau (now part of Mannheim). Since the twin households of the Hammers were noisy, 16-year-old Doris Herzberg fell ill with pneumonia and there were constant air raids on Mannheim, Wilhelm Bürger later found a more suitable shelter in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg with Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias. The persecution of the Herzberg family ended here on April 1, 1945, when the Americans marched into Ziegelhausen.	1978
Gertrud Hammer			Mannheim		1978
Carola Hammer-Mueller	January 30, 1901	November 29, 1979	Berlin	Carola Hammer (later Müller) was a close friend of the Jewish couple Louis Hagen and Victoria Hagen. Carola Hammer provided her friends, who temporarily had no livelihood, with food until they emigrated. Despite all the precautionary measures, the Gestapo learned of their connection with the Hagen couple and held Carola Hammer for seven days in the infamous Gestapo prison at Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse.	1979
Albert Harder			Palm nod	From January 1945 until the end of the war in April, he and his wife Loni hid three Jewish women who had fled a death march in his house and provided them with food and medical help.	1966
Loni Harder			Palm nod	From January 1945 until the end of the war in April, she and her husband Albert hid three Jewish women who had fled a death march in their home and provided them with food and medical help.	1966
Anne-Liese Harich	November 21, 1898	1975	Berlin	From the spring of 1943, she hid Konrad Latte, who had gone into hiding, in her house and provided him with food and clothing.	2002
Hans Hartmann	1896		Lemberg , Janowska concentration camp	At the request of a woman whose husband and son had been deported to the Janowska concentration camp , Hartmann took care of their liberation. After attempts to convince the camp commandant to release him failed, Hartmann drove to the camp personally, got the two prisoners out and obtained documents for them and their relatives that ensured their survival. As a punishment, Hartmann was transferred to Africa a little later.	1963
Liselotte Hassenstein	1905	2004	Brody	The German couple Liselotte and Otto Hassenstein, a forester by profession, lived in Brody from 1941. The Hassensteins were anti-Nazi, and Otto Hassenstein did his best to protect Jews who were sent into the woods for forced labor. Liselotte Hassenstein also hid the Jew Liza (Libshe) Hecht and her child in her house for several weeks without her husband's knowledge. When Liselotte was denounced, her husband unwittingly led the security police to his house, where they found the refugees hiding in the attic. The mother and child were sent to Belzec , where both were murdered. Liselotte was arrested, brought before a special court and sentenced to death for favoring Jews. Because of her poor health, which worsened while she was on death row, Liselotte's sentence was later commuted to prison and forced labor.	2006
Käthe Hauschild	April 19, 1915		Meiningen	Supported the three Jewish Frühauf family from 1938 to 1943 with food parcels, and hid the family's father from the Gestapo several times. Father and son Frühauf were finally deported to Auschwitz and murdered, only the daughter survived the war.	1983
Robert Havemann	March 11, 1910	April 9, 1982	Berlin	Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann, together with the architect Herbert Richter and the dentist Paul Rentsch, founded the underground group “The European Union”, which at times had more than fifty German members. This group formed a communication and information network with foreign forced laborers and prisoners of war in the Berlin area and tried to prepare for the time after the overthrow of the Nazi regime. At the same time she hid Jews who had escaped deportation, provided them with food and obtained false identification documents.	2005
Fritz Heine	December 6, 1904	May 5, 2002	Marseille	Fritz Heine organized the rescue of several hundred German-Jewish refugees in Marseille on behalf of the exile party executive of the SPD ( SOPADE ) and in cooperation with Varian Fry .	1986
Heinrich Heinen	May 14, 1920	1942	Riga	Heinrich Heinen from Cologne was looking for his Jewish partner Edith Meyer in early 1942, who had been arrested in December 1941 and deported to the ghetto in Riga. He found her there among 16,000 other Jews deported here. The two fled to Solingen via Königsberg and Berlin and were hidden here by their friends Helene and Paul Krebs for some time. From there the couple wanted to flee further to Switzerland, but were caught in Feldkirch , shortly before the Swiss border. Edith Meyer was deported from there via Innsbruck to Auschwitz and murdered. Heinrich Heinen, who was waiting for his trial in Feldkirch, was able to escape from prison, but was shot by the police a few kilometers from Feldkirch.	2013
Josef Heinen	Nov 9, 1898	23rd Dec 1989	Ahrweiler , Liers	From 1942 to 1945 the Jewish Sonnenfeld family hid in his weekend house.	1969
Emil Heinzmann			Lorsbach	From April 1944, he and his wife Paula hid a twelve-year-old girl who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, was considered a “ Jewish mixed race ” for a year .	2002
Paula Heinzmann			Lorsbach	From April 1944, she and her husband Emil hid a twelve-year-old girl who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, was considered a “ Jewish mixed race ” for a year .	2002
Heinrich Held	September 25, 1897	September 19, 1957	eat	Heinrich Held, together with Gustav Heinemann and pastors Friedrich Graeber and Johannes Böttcher, saved 50 to 60 Jews who had been hiding in the cellars of bombed-out Essen houses until the end of the war by bringing them the food they needed for survival. The necessary food stamps were collected by the three pastors and donated by members of the Confessing Church, who accepted hunger in solidarity with the persecuted Jews, "for needy parishioners".	2003
Lieselotte Hellenbrandt			Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto	Werner Hellenbrandt - supported by his wife Lieselotte Hellenbrandt - provided medication to the sick in the Piotrków Trybunalski ghetto. The Jewish couple Chwat who lived there warned Werner Hellenbrandt several times of the threat of deportations; in the event of an arrest that had already taken place, he obtained the release of the two doctors. To protect her from future deportations, he arranged work for her in a glassworks.	1979
Werner Hellenbrandt			Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto		1979
Donata Helmrich	1900	April 10, 1986	Berlin	Donata Helmrich, the wife of Eberhard Helmrich , a Berlin agricultural expert, was the mother of four children. She supported Jewish friends and acquaintances by obtaining these hidden or forged papers, and in Berlin she disguised Jewish Ukrainian women as housemaids and placed them in the neighborhood.	1986
Eberhard Helmrich	August 24, 1899	1969	Drohobycz	Eberhard Helmrich, a Wehrmacht officer from Hamburg , provided food to Jewish hospital patients in occupied Galicia and, together with his wife Donata Helmrich, saved the lives of numerous Jewish women by providing forged papers and sending them to work in Germany, allegedly as Ukrainian maids .	1965
Marie Luise Hensel	August 8, 1894	August 30, 1942	Lake Constance near Überlingen	Marie Luise Hensel (née Flothmann) lived in Marburg and tried the Jewish lawyer Dr. Herman Reis smuggled his wife and daughter across the German-Swiss border near Lake Constance. While scouting an escape route, she was denounced and arrested. After three days of questioning, she committed suicide in Konstanz prison.	1972
Herbert Herd	January 8, 1915	February 11, 2009	Krakow	Herbert Herden worked in the police intelligence service in Kraków during World War II . He used his position to establish contacts with resistance groups and to help Jewish families to flee from persecution by the National Socialists . He temporarily hid some refugees in his own apartment.	2004
Eva Hermann	May 24, 1900	1997	Mannheim	Eva Hermann and her husband hid the married couple Hilde and Fritz Rosenthal from Berlin and financially supported Jews from Mannheim who were deported to southern France.	1976
Carl Hermann	June 17, 1898	September 12, 1961	Mannheim	Carl Hermann and his wife Eva hid Hilde and Fritz Rosenthal from Berlin and financially supported Jews from Mannheim who were deported to southern France.	1976
Otto Herrmann	May 29, 1903	1969	Niederorschel , Buchenwald concentration camp	As a Kapo of the Niederorschel satellite camp, he improved the prison conditions for inmates on behalf of the illegal camp committee . Under the pretext that the prisoners were doing vital work, he ensured 97% of the inmates - most of them Jews - to survive.	2004
Marta Heuer			Warsaw	Marta Heuer (née Palme) and her mother Melida Palme hid the Jew Maria Abramska, her husband and the five other family members Fela and Heniek Schwarzfuchs as well as Renia, Jacob and Alina Goldspiegel in their vacant apartment in Warsaw from mid-1943 to August 1944.	1975
Albert Heuer			Hemmingen	Dorle and Albert Heuer as well as Gertrud Kochanowski had hidden the Jew Margot Bloch with them from 1942 to 1945.	1976
Dorle Heuer			Hemmingen	Wife of Albert Heuer.	1976
Helene Hesseler-Höffner			Horhausen	Helene Hesseler b. Höffner, sister of Joseph Cardinal Höffner, brought the Jewish woman Dr. Dr. med. To her parents' house in Horhausen / Westerwald at the request of her brother in 1943 for six months. Edith Nowak and her husband under.	2003
Clara Hinz	1889		Berlin	From 1941 on, Clara Hinz and her husband Hermann Hinz supported their Jewish neighbors Emil Stargardter and his wife Gertrud by giving them food and looking after Gertrud Stargardter after an operation. From 1943 onwards, the Stargardter couple, who were living illegally, were able to hide temporarily in the garden shed of the Hinz couple in an arbor colony.	2013
Hermann Hinz			Berlin		2013
Edith Hirschfeldt-Berlow	January 16, 1903	August 9, 1995	Berlin	Edith Berlow hid the Jewish doctor Dr. Kurt Hirschfeldt, with whom she fell in love in 1936, in her house from 1941 until the end of the war. Walter Frankenstein, Kurt Hirschfeldt's cousin, also owed his life to Edith Berlow. She found another hiding place with a Nazi opponent. In addition, the Jewish couple Marlis and Michael Michailowitz were able to hide with Edith Berlow for six months. Edith Berlow and Kurt Hirschfeldt married after the war and emigrated to the United States.	1992
Elise Höfler	1912	1991	Gottmadingen	Elise Höfler, together with her husband Josef and Luise Meier, helped about 28 Jews to flee to Switzerland.	2001
Josef Höfler	September 25, 1911	January 1, 1991	Gottmadingen	Together with Luise Meier and his wife Elise , he brought about 28 Jews across the border into Switzerland	2001
Otto Horns	February 28, 1884	January 20, 1945	Ettlingen	Otto Hörner hid Klaus Loebel, his wife and two children, Ellen and Hannelore, as well as two Jewish boys who escaped from a Jewish children's home in Berlin in his weekend house in Ettlingen.	2002
Margarete Hoffer	July 31, 1906	March 17, 1991	Stuttgart-Degerloch	Pastor Kurt Müller ( sv ) hid several Jewish people in the reformed rectory of Degerloch as part of the underground organization Württembergische Pfarrhauskette and in cooperation with the vicar Margarete Hoffer (Schwenningen) and the community assistant Elisabeth Braun (Gerstetten) from the attack of the National Socialist state authority.	2012
Elly Hoffmann-Gerstenberger			Weimar	Hid two children in her summer house for about a year and a half - until they were discovered by the Gestapo following a denunciation in autumn 1944.	1984
Joseph Höffner	December 24, 1906	October 16, 1987	Cologne	Joseph Cardinal Höffner (Archbishop of Cologne 1969 to 1987) hid the seven-year-old Esther Sara Meyerowitz under the name "Christa Koch" in his parsonage from the regime in his parsonage in Kail in 1943.	2003
Fritz Hohmann	December 11, 1907		Tallinn	Fritz Hohmann and his wife Rosa Hohmann provided food for numerous German-Jewish forced laborers in Reval (now Tallinn), who were housed under strict guard in an old prison building, and helped the deportees to contact their friends and relatives.	2000
Rosa Hohmann	November 5, 1912		Tallinn		2000
Lisa Holländer	December 24, 1890	April 22, 1986	Berlin	Lisa Holländer hid Ella Deutschkron and her daughter Inge in her apartment for several months . After her home was destroyed by Allied air raids, she continued to provide the two women with food in other hiding places.	1971
Alfred Holschke	1891	1958	Naundorf via Oschatz	Alfred Holschke, an employee of the Naundorf manor near Oschatz, and his children Ursula Holschke and Walter Holschke hid six survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp who escaped a death march in April 1945 , including Hanna Levy, a Jew from Neuwied.	1998
Ursula Holschke	1926		Naundorf via Oschatz		1998
Walter Holschke	1929		Naundorf via Oschatz		1998
Helene Holzman	August 30, 1891	August 25, 1968	Kaunas	Helene Holzman, a painter of German descent, took care of persecuted Jews during the entire occupation and a large part of her modest income was used to buy groceries for the residents of the ghetto in Kaunas. She and a group of women friends also managed to rescue some endangered children from the Kaunas ghetto .	2005
Wilhelm Hosenfeld	May 2, 1895	August 13, 1952	Warsaw	The appointment of the former Wehrmacht officer was made at the request of Władysław Szpilman in 1998 and after years of efforts by his son Andrzej Szpilman . Hauptmann Hosenfeld helped the Polish-Jewish pianist Władysław Szpilman with food and clothing when he was hiding in occupied Poland during the winter months.	2008
Paula shell			Berlin-Friedrichshain	Shell provided several families with food and money, and she also bribed a local NSDAP leader to warn the families of raids. When one of the families was about to be deported, Shell offered to hide them; the family refused, however, and were taken to Theresienstadt. There, too, Mantel continued to provide them with food parcels. From the end of 1943 onwards, Paulaülle hid one of the families on an estate outside Berlin for several months.	1971
Stephanie Hüllenhagen	December 17, 1893	15th January 1967	Berlin	In January 1943, Stefanie Hüllenhagen took Helene Leroi, who was threatened with deportation, into her one-room apartment. Helene Leroi hid there with brief interruptions until May 1945.	2001
Josephine Hünerfeld			Leipzig	Georg Jünemann and his daughter Josephine Hünerfeld, both devout Catholics and opponents of the Nazis, hid Walter Albert Leopold, his wife Hilda and their five-year-old daughter Anneliese twice for five weeks in 1942. In order to avoid deportation to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, the Jewish family went underground and received help from a total of 12 people.	2005
Kreszentia bumblebee	February 22, 1907	August 21, 2002	Arberg	Pretended Charlotte Knobloch was her own illegitimate child.	2017
Erika Hutsch	1912	January 31, 1986	Lviv	Erika Hutsch saved the Jewess Golda (Olga) Stavskaya and her son Michail. She hid them both in her apartment and provided them with food.	2012
Frieda Impekoven	1880		Frankfurt	Frieda Impekoven (née Kobler), her husband Toni Impekoven, an actor, writer and artistic director of the Frankfurter Schauspielhaus, and their daughter Niddy, a celebrated dancer, were outspoken opponents of the National Socialist regime and its racist persecution of the Jews. In 1943 Frieda Impekoven provided an older Jewish widow, Frau Wöffler, with food several times and let Margarete Knewitz, who was to be deported, live in her vacant apartment and provided her with food.	1966
Helene Jacobs	February 25, 1906	23rd August 1993	Berlin	Helene Jacobs was a member of the Confessing Church . She belonged to a group around the lawyer Franz Herbert Kaufmann , who helped from 1940 that the Jewish persecuted could go into hiding and leave the country. Jacobs hid some people in her apartment until she was denounced and sentenced to prison in 1943 .	1968
Ida Jauch	1886	1944	Berlin	From 1943 until the end of the war, Ida Jauch, together with Emma Harndt and Maria Schönebeck, hid the famous Jewish entertainer, presenter and director Hans Rosenthal in a Berlin allotment garden.	2011
Otto Jogmin	1894	June 2, 1989	Berlin	Otto Jogmin, caretaker of a so-called "Judenhaus" in Wielandstrasse in Berlin, where Jewish families were barracked, created escape routes, supported and hid people threatened by deportation and brought them to safe places outside the city.	2011
Michael Jovy	March 9, 1920	January 19, 1984	Cologne	Michael Jovy, son of the non-party mayor of Gladbeck of the same name, was a member of an opposition youth group in the Rhineland at the time of National Socialism and had contact with the so-called Edelweiss pirates . Together with Jean Jülich and Bartholomäus Schink, towards the end of the war he protected a Jewish woman and her daughter, Friedel and Ruth Krämer, and a young man of mixed Jewish origin, Paul Urbat from Cologne-Bickendorf, in a cellar on Schönsteinstrasse.	1982
Jean Jülich	April 18, 1929	October 19, 2011	Cologne	Jean Jülich, together with Michael Jovy and Bartholomäus Schink, protected a Jewish woman and her daughter, Friedel and Ruth Krämer, and a young man of mixed Jewish origin, Paul Urbat from Cologne-Bickendorf, in a cellar in Schönsteinstrasse towards the end of the war.	1982
Georg Jünemann	4th August 1876		Leipzig	Georg Jünemann and his daughter Josephine Hünerfeld, both devout Catholics and opponents of the Nazis, hid Walter Albert Leopold, his wife Hilda and their five-year-old daughter Anneliese twice for five weeks in 1942. In order to avoid deportation to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, the Jewish family went underground and received help from a total of 12 people.	2005
Anna Käferle-Hafner	March 15, 1920		Mannheim	Anna Käferre-Hafner and her mother Anna Hafner supported Martha Käferle-Süsskind, who had been living illegally from 1941, and hid her in her apartment for six months.	1997
Fritz Kahl	December 7, 1895	1974	Frankfurt	Dr. Fritz Kahl, a doctor in Frankfurt, and his wife Margarete Kahl treated Jewish patients who had gone into hiding, despite the ban, until the spring of 1945, and provided their Jewish patients with food. In 1942 they supported Robert Eisenstädt, a Jew who had fled from the Majdanek concentration camp , and helped him and his pregnant fiancé Eva Müller to flee to Switzerland on February 21, 1943 with forged passports.	2006
Margarete Kahl	November 15, 1896	1958	Frankfurt		2006
Maria Karnop	1876		Berlin	Maria Karnop and her son Helmut Karnop were outspoken opponents of National Socialism. After Hitler came to power, the Karnops offered help and refuge to Jews persecuted by the regime in their house in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg and provided them with food.	1997
Helmut Karnop	August 21, 1899		Berlin		1997
Klara Kaus	1903	April 15, 1985	Mannheim	Klara Kaus and her husband hid a Jewish girl (Ellen Loebel) in their apartment in Mannheim from 1943 to 1945.	1974
Helena Kerner	August 20, 1902		Bratislava	Helena Kerner, her husband Paul Kerner and their son Dr. Paul Kerner protected the befriended Jewish couple Lichtenstein and their three children. When the Lichtensteins were forced to move to a suburb of Bratislava after 1939, the Kerners did everything in their power to alleviate the misery of their Jewish friends and provided them with food parcels three times a week. When the Lichtensteins were about to be deported at the end of September 1944, the Kerners warned their friends and found them a hiding place in the Dubravka suburb, where they supplied them with food.	1984
Paul Kerner	September 18, 1885		Bratislava		1984
Dr. Paul Kerner			Bratislava		1984
Arthur Heretic	March 27, 1896	February 23, 1980	Berlin	Arthur Ketzer, a chemist and pharmaceutical entrepreneur from Berlin, helped persecuted Jews during the war in a variety of ways. He helped two women leave Germany, employed two women in his company without reporting them to the authorities, and hid a couple with children in one of his buildings from September 1943 to February 1944.	2007
Lina Kiefer		1972	Hanover	From the end of February 1945 to the beginning of March 1945, Lina Keuert and her husband Rudolf Keuert hid the Hungarian Jew Alexander Barok, who had managed to escape from the concentration camp, in their apartment.	2003
Rudolf Kiefer		1972	Hanover		2003
Helmut Kleinicke	November 19, 1907	1979	Chrzanów	Helped over a dozen Jews flee. He hid them in the basement of his official apartment or in the greenhouses of the district nursery and issued them false papers so that they could leave the country.	2020
Klara Kochan Stein	May 14, 1910	22nd January 1971	Berlin	From autumn 1942 Klara Kochan hid the Jewish writer Alice Stein-Landesmann in her one-room apartment and shared her food rations with her. After the war the women continued to live together and Alice Stein-Landesmann adopted Klara Kochan, who has been called Klara Kochan-Stein ever since.	2013
Gertrud Kochanowski			Hanover	Gertrud Kochanowski and her father, Dorle and Albert Heuer as well as Erika Patzschke and Herbert Patzschke had hidden the Jewess Margot Bloch with them from 1942 to 1945.	1976
Father of Gertrud Kochanowski			Hanover		1976
Clara Koehler			Berlin	Supported her husband Max Köhler in caring for Jews hidden in their factory.	1988
Max Koehler			Berlin	As the owner of a metalworking factory, he hired several Jewish men in hiding. To the other workers, Köhler claimed that they were "Aryans" who had been released from military service. He also hid several women in remote areas of the factory.	1988
Adele Koehn			Rheidt	Adele Köhn (née Pütz) and her parents Christian Pütz and Christine Pütz saved the life of the Jewish foster child Karola Stern. Karola Stern was accepted into her family by Christina and Christine Pütz in 1938. The family looked after their foster daughter for the next six years. Even after the Gestapo arrested their foster daughter in 1944 and subsequently escaped, they were able to support Karola Stern and find a new hiding place for her with a cousin of Adele Köhn in Silesia.	1985
Max Kohl	1881	1976	Lviv	Max Kohl, a German industrialist from Burscheid , owned tanneries in several European countries. Because of his expertise, the National Socialists appointed Kohl as acting manager of a leather factory in Lemberg . Its staff consisted largely of compulsory Jewish Poles who lived in the Lemberg ghetto . Kohl was aware of the hopeless situation of his employees and of the situation in the Lemberg ghetto. In order to help the workers, he offered them additional income opportunities and food and hid Jews in the basement of his house, who were supposed to be transported to the concentration camp.	1996
Cäcilia Köhldorfner			Schnaitsee	In May 1945 she and her husband Michael hid the two fugitive Jewish concentration camp prisoners Henrick Gleitmann and Bernhard Hampel.	2019
Michael Köhldorfner			Schnaitsee	In May 1945 he and his wife Cäcilia hid the two fugitive Jewish concentration camp inmates Henrick Gleitmann and Bernhard Hampel.	2019
Viktoria Kolzer	February 24, 1902	June 30, 1976	Berlin	Took the Jewish Hanni Weißenberg in hiding from November 1943 until the end of the war in her apartment at Nollendorfstrasse 28 and shared the ration cards with her	1978
Walter Kramer	June 21, 1892	November 6, 1941	Buchenwald concentration camp	Saved many lives as the “Doctor of Buchenwald” and was shot from behind in the Försterberg sand pit near Goslar-Hahndorf “while fleeing”.	1999
Theodor Kranz	1897		Leipzig	Helped the Jewish Frankenstein family survive underground.	2013
Willi Kranz	July 12, 1889	1968	Berlin	From March 1943, Willi Kranz and his partner Auguste Leißner hid the Jewish girl Rita Cohn in their apartment.	2002
Paul Ludwig Krebs	October 10, 1895		Solingen	Paul Ludwig Krebs and his Jewish wife Helene Krebs hid Heinrich Heinen from Cologne and his Jewish partner Edith Meyer in their apartment in Solingen for some time in 1942 . Heinen had tracked down his girlfriend Edith Meyer in the ghetto there after her deportation to Riga and came with her via Königsberg and Berlin to Solingen to the house of the Krebs couple. From here they wanted to flee to Switzerland. A friend of Edith Meyer's denounced the couple to the authorities and gave the cancer couple's address. When the police came to the apartment, Heinen and Meyer had already traveled on, but Paul Ludwig Krebs and his pregnant wife were arrested. In December 1942, when she was seven months pregnant, Helene Krebs was deported to Auschwitz. Paul Krebs was released because he was a worker in the arms industry.	2013
Anny Kreddig	1917		Berlin	Anny Kreddig (née Lobback) and her husband Walter Kreddig owned a drugstore in Berlin-Schöneberg. After the November pogrom of 1938, they offered their former Jewish supplier and business partner Horst Wienskowski protection in their basement for more than four years. They supported him and other members of his family with groceries and ration cards. When the Gestapo arrested Wienskowski in February 1943 and deported him to Auschwitz, they continued to regularly send him food parcels.	1984
Walter Kreddig			Berlin		1984
Johanna Kreyssig			Bruderhof in Hohenferchesar	Wife of Lothar Kreyssig .	2017
Lothar Kreyssig	October 30, 1898	5th July 1986	Bruderhof in Hohenferchesar	Between 1943 and 1945 he and his wife Johanna hid two Jewish women who had previously been persecuted by the Gestapo.	2017
Hedwig Kretchmar			Krakow and Bautzen	Hedwig Kretchmar hid Helena Hauser (née Koch), a Jew, and her daughter and mother-in-law with her in Krakow. She arranged temporary accommodation for the Hausers and a job for Helena Hauser. As the danger increased in Krakow that the Hausers would be recognized by former acquaintances, Hedwig Kretchmar sent them disguised as Polish workers to her sister-in-law and mother-in-law in Bautzen, without revealing their Jewish identity. The Hausers stayed in Bautzen until the liberation.	1979
Günter Krüll	October 13, 1917	May 23, 1979	Pinsk	Günter Krüll saved the life of Fishl Rabinow in Pinsk, who lived with his parents and sisters in the Ghetto in Pinsk. As office manager, he gave Rabinow special permission to move outside the ghetto. He hid him in his house for three weeks in 1942 when deportations were being carried out in the ghetto and obtained forged identity documents with which he could go to Kiev and work there.	1999
Werner Krumme	May 12, 1909	1972	Auschwitz concentration camp	Werner Krumme and his Jewish wife were arrested by the Breslau Gestapo on November 15, 1942 when they tried to help two of Frau Krumme's younger Jewish relatives, Renate and Anita Lasker, escape to unoccupied France. Werner Krumme and his wife were held in prison in Germany until January 31, 1943 and then deported to Auschwitz. Werner Krummes wife was murdered here. In Auschwitz concentration camp, Werner Krumme succeeded in forging so-called selection lists and assigning Jews to work units with relatively tolerable conditions, which increased their chances of survival.	1964
Luise Kulka			Berlin	Luise Kulka and her husband Walter Kulka supported Elisabeth Bredig in the rescue of the Jew Ilse Grün and another Jewish couple who - together with Elisabeth Bredig - were housed in their parents' house. The Kulka couple helped with the delivery of ration cards from January 1943 and helped to find a new hiding place from October 1944.	1982
Walter Kulka			Berlin		1982
Frieda Kunze	September 11, 1894	February 22, 1967	Senzig	Frieda Kunze, the office manager of the Berlin Jewish lawyer Dr. Georg Martin Fontheim kept in contact with the lawyer and his family until the Fontheims and their daughter were arrested on December 24, 1942 by the Gestapo. Frieda Kunze then made her summer house in Senzig near Berlin available to her son Ernst Fontheim. Ernst Sontheim - together with Jack and Lucie Hass and their daughter Margot - was able to hide here from January 30, 1943 to March 27, 1945, equipped with false papers.	2009
Gerhard Kurzbach	1915		Bochnia	In 1942, Gerhard Kurzbach rescued 200 residents of Bochnia from deportation to extermination camps under the pretext that he urgently needed them for an important war mission.	2011
Karl Laabs	January 30, 1896	March 4th 1979	Chrzanow	Karl Laabs, who lived in Chrzanow with his family in his capacity as district building inspector, protected some Jews by issuing them employment certificates. In February 1943 he freed many Jews who were slated for deportation to Auschwitz and allowed them to flee. He hid some of them in his own house, entertained them, and trucked them to a safe hiding place.	1980
Vera Lagrange			Berlin	Vera Lagrange and her mother Wanda Feuerherm hid the Jew Gerda Segal in their house from 1942 to 1944.	1987
Elisabeth Landmann			Berlin-Friedenau / England	Provided guarantees in England as well as places in boarding schools and foster families for over 50 Jewish children, who were able to flee as part of the Kindertransport .	1967
Otto Landmann	May 5, 1906		Lutzk	At the end of 1942, Otto Landmann hid two Jewish girls for three months in the storerooms of an army camp, provided them with food and clothing, and procured Polish identity papers for them.	2001
Evert Baron Freytag von Loringhoven			Grodno	The German nobleman Evert Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, who was born in Riga, had a family estate in Grodno. In November 1944, a transport of around 2,800 Jewish women from the Stutthof concentration camp reached Merakowo train station. They were assigned to nearby labor camps and instructed to dig anti-tank trenches. About 135 women were housed in Grodno in a tent camp that had been set up on the property of Baron Freytag von Loringhoven without his consent. Baron Freytag von Loringhoven was able to save the lives of two Jewish women, Tereze Aufrecht and Klara Schwartz, by keeping them busy in his household. Another ten women, who worked in the cowshed under more favorable conditions, were probably able to hold out until the Russian liberation.	1967
Ellen Latte	1921		Goslar	Ellen Brockmann was a young singer at the Hessisches Volkstheater in Goslar. She was 23 years old when she met Konrad Bauer, the theater's new conductor, in May 1944. His real name was Konrad Latte, a Jew who had been living illegally since February 1943 and had managed to get an engagement at the Goslar Theater under a false name. Ellen Brockmann suspected that the new Kapellmeister was living with a false identity and provided him with groceries and ration cards. When all theaters in Germany were closed due to the war situation in September 1944, Ellen Brockmann accommodated Konrad Latte in her apartment in Homburg and introduced him to her curious neighbors and acquaintances as her fiancé. Both married right after the war ended.	1978
Erich Lauche	March 25, 1914		Leipzig	Erich Lauche and his wife Ilse Lauche, both opponents of the Nazi regime, hid the Jewish family Albert, Hilda and Anneliese Leopold in their house from June 13 to December 4, 1943 and shared their food with them.	2005
Use Lauche	February 24, 1915		Leipzig		2005
Elsa Ledetsch		1976	Berlin-Biesdorf		1987
Alfred Leikam	September 1, 1915	February 8, 1992	Buchenwald concentration camp		2002
Auguste Leissner	December 31, 1893	1987	Berlin	Auguste Leißner and her partner Willi Kranz hid the Jewish girl Rita Cohn in their apartment from March 1943.	2002
Maria Letnar	1897		Munich		1968
Bernhard Lichtenberg	December 3, 1875	November 5, 1943	Berlin	After the state-directed riots against Jews and Christians of Jewish descent in the November 1938 pogroms, Lichtenberg publicly stood up for the persecuted. Lichtenberg hid Jews, arranged for Jewish children to leave for England and looked after prisoners.	2004
Max Liedtke	1894	1955	Przemyśl / Poland	In 1942, the former head of the Greifswalder Zeitung publishing house, as military commander of the city of Przemyśl, blocked the only access to the ghetto at the suggestion of his adjutant Albert Battel and armed himself against the SS to prevent the evacuation of the local Jewish population to the Belzec extermination camp. His superiors canceled his orders. However, he placed 100 Jews and their families under the protection of the Wehrmacht.	1993
Frieda Lissack	March 15, 1915		Niedermiedeberg	Frieda Lissack, Alfred Griesmann and his wife Luise Griesmann helped Arno Bach and his wife Margarete to hide and thus to rescue two Jews who escaped a death march by train in April 1945.	1987
Heinrich List	February 5, 1882	October 5, 1942	Erbach		1992
Maria List	February 25, 1881	October 21, 1965	Erbach	Wife of Heinrich List.	1992
Erich Löbe	May 18, 1895		Berlin		2010
Gertrud Luckner	September 26, 1900	August 31, 1995	Freiburg		1966
Hans Luma			Berlin		1982
Elfriede Lusebrink			Wuppertal	Supported by the couple Eugen and Agnes Richter, they offered the Jordan family a protective asylum in September 1944. The family was threatened with arrest and deportation: Henriette Jordan, a Jew, her Christian husband Franz and her baptized daughter Hanna were to be included in the Nazis' persecution and extermination measures, until then protected as a “privileged mixed marriage”.	2009
Ernst Lusebrink			Wuppertal	Husband of Elfriede Lusebrink.	2009
Hermann Maas	August 5, 1877	September 27, 1970		Evangelical pastor, "Christian Zionist". In Heidelberg he ran an aid center for those who were racially persecuted. With his international contacts he was able to help many Jews to emigrate until the beginning of the war in 1939.	1964
Jozef Maciejok					1994
Frieda Mager					2009
Maria Countess von Maltzan				Biologist, veterinarian and resistance fighter. In cooperation with the Swedish Church (Victoria Church in Wilmersdorf), Maltzan helped those persecuted by the Nazis to escape, obtained false passports and led the refugees through the sewers of Berlin. In addition, she was involved in the “Aktion Schwedenmöbel”, in the framework of which Jews and politically persecuted persons were hidden in furniture boxes loaded for transport that Swedish citizens were allowed to send home. It can be assumed that she helped in various ways in the rescue of around 60 politically or racially persecuted people. Maltzan's alliances in the resistance against National Socialism were not tied to any particular political color. She kept in touch with communists as well as the Kreisau Circle .	1987
Erich Mahrt	1910	1988	Berlin	Electrician, KPD member. Erich Mahrt hid his future wife, the Jewess Wally Gortatowski, in a gazebo from December 1942 until the end of the war	2017
Gerhard Marquardt	May 30, 1904	March 14, 1983	eat	Gerhardt Marquardt kept two women in hiding for four weeks until the Americans marched into Essen on April 11, 1945. They fled on the way from the Humboldtstrasse satellite camp to work at Friedrich Krupp AG .	1985
Johann Maschotta					2005
Klara Maschotta				Wife of Johann Maschotta.	2005
Max Maurer	March 23, 1891	1972		Max Maurer was a village policeman in Ergoldsbach. On April 28, 1945, together with his colleague Josef Kimmerling and the farmer Anna Gnadl, he hid thirteen Jews from the SS who had been handed over to him to be shot, thus saving them from death.	1995
Paul Mayer	2nd August 1896	April 15, 1976		Hid a Jewish doctor for three years in his apartment above the offices of his gendarmerie post, helped Italian forced laborers to escape, and hid around 20 Canadian prisoners of war in his mountain hut	1968
Rosa Mayer				Wife of Paul Mayer.	1968
Albert Meier				Husband of Maria Meier, daughter Katharina Meier.	1990
Katharina Meier					1990
Maria Meier					1990
Luise Meier				Catholic. Helped more than 27 Jews to flee to Switzerland.	2001
Wilhelm Mensching	Oct 05, 1887	Aug 25, 1964	Buckeburg	During the war, Pastor Mensching hid Ruth Lilienthal from Berlin in his parsonage in Petzen from autumn 1943 to spring 1944 and, shortly before the end of the war, also hid an escaped Russian prisoner of war.	2001
Margarete Meusel	May 26, 1897	May 16, 1953		Social worker and member of the Confessing Church. From 1933 to 1936 she accepted Jewish welfare workers as interns. From 1941 onwards she placed women threatened with deportation to extermination camps in safe accommodation.	2006
Hanne Meyer					1965
Josef Meyer					1965
Elfriede Meyer				Mother of Josef Meyer.	1965
Gerda Mez					2012
Heinrich Middendorf	August 31, 1898	August 10, 1972	Webs	1944–45, Father Middendorf, as rector of the Stegen monastery, hid nine persecuted Jews.	1994
Maimi from Mirbach				Cellist and member of the Confessing Church. Helped Fritz Hirschfeld to emigrate in 1938 . Several times she hid Jews wanted by the Gestapo in her house to save them from deportation.	1981
Johann Mitschke					2013
Georg Möhring				Husband of Dorothea Zimmermann.	2011
Annemarie Moller					2009
Elisabeth Möller					2011
Richard Möller				Husband of Elisabeth Möller	2011
Karin Morgenstern				Marianne Ellenbogen, the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943. One of these members was Karin Morgenstern, who lived in Braunschweig with her two daughters . Karin Morgenstern and Hedwig Gehrke took turns taking in Marianne Ellenbogen in autumn 1943. They hid them and provided them with food. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp .	2004
Gertrud Mörike				Supported her husband Otto Mörike in rescuing persecuted Jews.	1970
Otto Mörike				Hidden persecuted Jews and organized hiding places for them in other places.	1970
Richard Ernst Moser	May 13, 1885	April 5th 1967	Hamburg , Kogel	Merchant. For his long-time Jewish colleague Wilhelm Bernstein, he first obtained the release from prison in the concentration camp and later enabled him to emigrate to America via Holland. He provided material support to his parents who remained in Hamburg until they were deported. On his estate in Vietow near Sanitz in Mecklenburg, he temporarily hid his Jewish brother-in-law Philipp Rappaport and his family from Nazi persecution, so that they all survived.	2001
Elfriede Most			Berlin	Sister of Grete Most. The Most family, Arthur, Gerd, Fritz, Elfriede and Grete, took the Jewish Hanni Weißenberg into hiding in their house until November 1943 and kept in contact with her later.	1978
Grete Most			Berlin	Sister of Elfriede Most. The Most family, Arthur, Gerd, Fritz, Elfriede and Grete, took the Jewish Hanni Weißenberg into hiding in their house until November 1943 and kept in contact with her later.	1978
Ernst-Bruno Motzko					1969
Fritz Mühlhoff					1978
Fritz Mueller			Poland	Ignatz Bucholz hid from the Gestapo after his escape from the ghetto	1984
Gerhard Müller					1985
Maria Muller				Wife of Gerhard Müller.	1985
Frieda Mueller				Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias Müller played an important role in the rescue of the Jewish Herzberg family from Mannheim in February and March 1945. Karl Herzberg, a wealthy Jewish textile merchant from Gdansk, had lived in Mannheim since he was a child and married one here gentile woman. His wife joined the Jewish community, as did their three children - a son and two daughters. According to the Nuremberg Laws, the three siblings were considered Jews ( valid Jews ), and the Herzberg family was persecuted like any other Jewish family in National Socialist Germany. Nonetheless, the mother's ancestry helped to protect the Jewish husband and two daughters - the son had managed to emigrate to Great Britain in 1938 - from deportation until very late in the war. In February 1945, the Gestapo asked all three to report for transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . From then on, Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud, Wilhelm Bürger as well as Frieda and Mathias Müller helped to save the three persecuted: Herzberg's former business partner Wilhelm Bürger, who had already supported the Herzberg family with ration cards in 1944, decided - when he noticed that the Americans were not far away - to find temporary shelter for the Herzbergs. He initially brought the family up with Gertrud Hammer and her father Georg. Although they did not know the Herzbergs, both daughter and father were willing to give the persecuted family temporary refuge in their house in the nearby town of Schönau (now part of Mannheim). Since the twin households of the Hammers were noisy, 16-year-old Doris Herzberg fell ill with pneumonia and there were constant air raids on Mannheim, Wilhelm Bürger later found a more suitable shelter in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg with Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias. The persecution of the Herzberg family ended here on April 1, 1945, when the Americans marched into Ziegelhausen.	1978
Mathias Mueller				Husband of Frieda Müller.	1978
Herta Müller					1971
Kurt Mueller	March 3, 1902	December 22, 1958	Stuttgart-Degerloch	Pastor Kurt Müller hid several Jewish people in the Reformed rectory of Degerloch as part of the Württembergische Pfarrhauskette underground organization and in cooperation with Vicar Margarete Hoffer (Schwenningen) and parish assistant Elisabeth Braun (Gerstetten) from the access of the National Socialist state authorities.	2012
Karl Muttje					1975
Max Naujocks				Naujocks and his wife Herta, who were of Jewish origin but converted to Christianity, hid the Jewish Weiss family in their house in the Malchow district of Berlin. Moritz Weiß was discovered and murdered by the Nazis. However, thanks to Naujock's help, his wife and daughter, Regina and Ellen, survived.	2011
Ella Neubauer	April 16, 1904		Kallinchen	Ella Neubauer and her husband Kurt Neubauer hid their former employer Hermann Hersz Kranz, his wife Leonore and their son Fredy in their apartment from August 1943 to May 1945 and provided them with food. The Kranz family had previously been hidden by Anna Gutsmann, also a former employee of Hermann Herz Kranz.	2010
Kurt Neubauer	January 30, 1903	May 11, 1975	Kallinchen		2010
Hilde Neyses				Wife of [Joseph Neyses]	1981
Joseph Neyses	November 10, 1893	May 23, 1988		The Neyses hid a Jewish acquaintance from 1944 until the end of the war.	1981
Maria Nickel					1968
Otto Nickel					1969
Fritz Niermann	September 24, 1898	March 9, 1976	eat	Grocer Fritz Niermann kept four women hidden in his house at Markscheide 50 in Essen- Altendorf for four weeks until the Americans marched into Essen on April 11, 1945 . They fled on the way from the Humboldtstrasse satellite camp to work at Friedrich Krupp AG . Niermann also kept other Russian slave laborers hidden.	1985
Edith Noerenberg				Daughter of Gertrud and Otto Noerenberg.	1978
Gertrud Noerenberg					1978
Otto Noerenberg					1978
Johan Carl Nurnberger					2013
Norberta Obloeser					2013
Heinz Odenthal			Cologne , Rolandseck near Remagen , Bonn	Save Salamon and Henriette Jacoby together with their daughter Hildegard Schott. See also: Josephine Odenthal , Sibylla Cronenberg , Katharina Bayerwaltes	2005
Josephine Odenthal			Cologne , Rolandseck near Remagen , Bonn	Heinz Odenthal's wife (see above).	2005
Charlotte Oewerdieck				In 1939 the Oewerdieck family made it possible for the businessman Arno Lachmann to emigrate to Shanghai with his wife and elderly father with financial support. During the war they hid the office worker Martin Lange in their apartment and shared food and clothes with him.	1978
Erhard Oewerdieck				Husband of Charlotte Oewerdieck.	1978
Friedrich Carl von Oppenheim				Provided aid to persecuted Jews in the Netherlands.	1996
Josef Otten	December 10, 1903	July 31, 1979	Dusseldorf		2015
Maria Otten	June 17, 1904	June 6, 1959	Dusseldorf	Wife of Josef Otten. Starting in autumn 1944, the couple hid the 59-year-old Jew Emanuel Nooitrust, who lived in Essen, in their cellar in Düsseldorf for nine months and provided him with food. A little later his 68-year-old brother Salomon (Sally) Nooitrust from Düsseldorf, father-in-law of Peter Belgo junior (a brother of Maria Otten), was accepted there. This enabled both of them to survive the Holocaust.	2015
Adolf Otto					2011
Aenne Otto					1982
Willi Otto				Husband of Aenne Otto.	1982
Kathe Overath				Catholic. Using a ruse, freed a Jewish woman and her non-Jewish husband from a collection point for deportations, and hid the couple and their daughter.	1992
Cornelie Pachali	July 24, 1923	August 10, 2006	Berlin - Tiergarten	Wife of Rudolf Pachali. The couple hid Ruth Lilienthal .	2016
Rudolf Pachali	November 11, 1914	October 7, 2005	Berlin - Tiergarten	Husband of Cornelie Pachali. The couple hid Ruth Lilienthal .	2016
Melida palm			Warsaw	Marta Heuer (née Palme) and her mother Melida Palme hid the Jew Maria Abramska, her husband and the five other family members Fela and Heniek Schwarzfuchs as well as Renia, Jacob and Alina Goldspiegel in their vacant apartment in Warsaw from mid-1943 to August 1944.	1975
Otto Pankok	June 6, 1893	20th October 1966	Pesch near Münstereifel		2013
Hulda Pankok	February 20, 1895	September 8, 1985	Pesch near Münstereifel	Wife of Otto Pankok. The couple hid the painter Mathias Barz and his Jewish wife Hilde Stein in their house .	2013
Erika Patzschke			Berlin	Erika Patzschke and her husband Herbert Patzschke, Gertrud Kochanowski and her father as well as Dorle and Albert Heuer had hidden the Jewess Margot Bloch with them from 1942 to 1945.	1976
Herbert Patzschke			Berlin		1976
Hedwig Pauli	March 4, 1891	January 28, 1980		Sister of Anne Dudacy	1996
Olga Paulo					1994
Vincent Paulo				Husband of Olga Paulo.	1994
Felicia Pauselius					2001
Hubert Pentrop					1965
Rolf Peschel					1997
Ernst Peacock	December 30, 1906	March 1, 2003		Pfau hid Gustel Wagner and her family members in his wooden hut near Bad Dürkheim.	1975
Stephan Hubertus Pfürtner	November 23, 1922	2nd July 2012		As a soldier, Pfürtner helped three Jewish women to escape from the Stutthof concentration camp in November 1944 and hid one of them in his parents' house in Danzig.	2006
Helene Pissarius					2010
Paul Pissarius				Husband of Helene Pissarius	2010
Karl Plagge	July 10, 1897	June 19, 1957	Vilnius	German officer in the Wehrmacht , last Major , who during World War II assigned him Jewish least 250 forced laborers before the assassination in the Vilna Ghetto of Nazism preserved. From 1931 until he left the NSDAP in 1939. As a major, from 1941 Plagge was in charge of the Army Motor Vehicle Park (HKP) 562 East in Vilnius, Lithuania. Thanks to his constant efforts to bring Jews to his labor camp and also to keep families together, around 250 of over 1000 Jews imprisoned were able to survive the Holocaust. These - the others were tracked down and murdered - managed to survive in hiding places they had prepared themselves until the final occupation of Vilnius by the Red Army due to Plagge's warning about the takeover of the camp by the SS.	2004
Dorothee Poelchau					1971
Harald Poelchau				Husband of Dorothee Poelchau. Prison pastor , religious socialist . Helped numerous Jews to go into hiding.	1971
Agneta Pohl					1994
Angela Pohl					1994
Lili Pollatz				Wife of Manfred Pollatz	2013
Manfred Pollatz				Reform pedagogue , Quaker . After emigrating to the Netherlands, the Pollatz couple founded a home with a small school for refugee children from Germany. First and foremost, they took in "half-Jews" there. After the German occupation, ten Dutch Jewish children between the ages of two months and three years were hidden by the Pollatz family. Of the 28 German-Jewish children known by name who found refuge in the Pollatz home, 23 survived the Nazi era.	2013
Hedwig Porschütz				Daughter of Hedwig Voelker . Stenographer, hid and supplied Jews with forged papers and food. Her application for recognition as politically persecuted, made in 1956, was rejected because of her "dishonorable way of life"!	2012
Christian Pütz			Rheidt	Adele Köhn (née Pütz) and her parents Christian Pütz and Christine Pütz saved the life of the Jewish foster child Karola Stern. Karola Stern was accepted into her family by Christina and Christine Pütz in 1938. The family looked after their foster daughter for the next six years. Even after the Gestapo arrested their foster daughter in 1944 and subsequently escaped, they were able to support Karola Stern and find a new hiding place for her with a cousin of Adele Köhn in Silesia.	1985
Christine Pütz			Rheidt		1985
Erna Raack				Daughter of Ida and Ernst Scharf .	2012
Gerhard Radke	February 18, 1914	July 24, 1999	Belgrade	Radke was stationed as a soldier near Belgrade. A Jewish family who had fled from Belgrade also lived in the house in which he was staying. Radke helped them get the passports they had left behind in Belgrade by driving them to their apartment in a military vehicle and breaking the seal. He then got them all the travel documents they needed to travel to Palestine before he was transferred to the Russian front.	1977
Gerd Ramm	September 14, 1906	April 27, 1968		Gerd Ramm acquired several companies in Berlin and northern Germany in the 1930s - e. Partly by Jews who had to flee Germany - and thus achieved prosperity. Jewish forced laborers also worked in his workshops in Prenzlauer Berg . The German nationalist merchant was a staunch opponent of National Socialism. He warned his forced laborers of an impending raid and offered them hiding places. So hid u. a. Konrad Friedländer, his father Bernhard Friedländer, the Jewish textile merchant Alfred Boehm and Heinz Jacobius, who fled the Gestapo in 1941, in the company or in the Charlottenburg apartment. His wife and little daughter also lived in the latter. Ramm used part of his fortune to pay for false papers for his charges. The postal ID cards were relatively easy to obtain, but they did not stand up to closer scrutiny. For 6,000 RM each , he bought ID cards for Heinz Jacobius and Konrad Friedländer from a corrupt office worker in the high command of the Wehrmacht . The documents identified them as civil servants for the agency. Heinz Jacobius was arrested at the end of 1944 and deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto , but survived. The other men mentioned went undetected in Berlin. Gerd Ramm saved at least ten lives and received the Federal Cross of Merit in 1959 .	2009
Alois Rauch					2013
Maria Rauch					2013
Charlotte Rebhun					1997
Eberhard Rebling	December 4, 1911	August 2, 2008		Musician, anti-fascist. Rebling bought a house in the Netherlands under a false name in early 1943 and offered shelter for up to 20 Jewish refugees.	2007
Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen	August 11, 1884	February 1945	Bavaria	Husband of Irmgard Reck-Malleczewen; Participation in the rescue of Max Bachmann, Albertine Herda (née Gimpel) and Richard Marx.	2014
Irmgard Reck-Malleczewen	1912	1999	Bavaria	Wife of Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen; Participation in the rescue of Max Bachmann, Albertine Herda (née Gimpel) and Richard Marx.	2014
Gisela Reissenberger					1987
Paul Rentsch	September 29, 1898	May 8, 1944	Berlin	Dentist, resistance fighter. Together with Georg Groscurth , Robert Havemann and Herbert Richter, he was one of the authors of the manifesto "The future of tomorrow will be a united socialist Europe", which was written on July 15, 1943. It was intended to prepare the armed uprising against the National Socialist dictatorship . The group also helped underground Jews by providing them with false identity papers.	2005
Herbert Richter	August 5, 1901	May 8, 1944	Berlin	Architect. For Harro Schulze-Boysen's resistance network , he obtained information from the General Staff of the Air Force High Command (OKL). Richter was one of the founders of the European Union resistance group in 1939, along with the doctor Georg Groscurth , the chemist Robert Havemann and the dentist Paul Rentsch	2005
Emma Richter	April 20, 1891		Berlin	From November 1938 the Jewish woman Meta Sawady lived with her while she was forced to do forced labor in a factory. Sawady was arrested during the factory action, but was able to flee while being transported to Auschwitz and hide with Richter. After six months in Richter's apartment, she was taken to a summer house outside Berlin because of the increasing risk of air raids. Richter visited Sawady there daily and provided her with food. She also sent food parcels to Sawady's relatives in the Theresienstadt concentration camp .	1964
Walter Riecke					1971
Grete Rönnfeldt	November 6, 1901	1981	Neuenhagen near Berlin	In 1943 Grete Rönnfeldt took a Jewish youth, whose nanny she had been, into her family when he was threatened with deportation. He stayed with her until the end of the world war.	2003
Ida Röscher					2004
Selma Rosemann					2001
Paula Rosen					2012
Emma Rosenthal					2013
Alfred Rossner				Textile merchant. As a trustee for expropriated Jewish companies in annexed Upper Silesia, he saved Jewish slave laborers and their relatives from being deported to the extermination camps.	1995
Else Rouge					1978
Walter Rozenkranz					1975
Eduard Rügemer	1883	1955	Tarnopoly	Rügemer helped Irene Gut hide twelve Jews in Tarnopol who survived as a result of this relief measure, including Roman Haller .	2012
August call				A Catholic clergyman, "enemy of the state in priestly garb", helped a Jewish doctor widow to flee to Switzerland.	2004
August Sapandowski	June 17, 1882	March 10, 1945			2004
Artur a pity	?		Białystok	Hid Jews twice in his apartment during SS raids and helped them escape from the Bialystok ghetto to the Jewish underground movement. Schade not only supported the people he hid, but also Jewish partisan groups with food, medicine, maps and weapons. (For literature see article on Otto Busse (resistance fighter) )	1995
Hildegard Schaeder	April 13, 1902	April 11, 1984	Berlin-Dahlem	Member of the Confessing Church . She supplied u. a. imprisoned and hiding Jews with food. She was arrested on September 14, 1943 and spent most of the time in the Ravensbrück concentration camp until the end of the war .	2000
Anni Schallenberg					2007
Bertram Schallenberg				Husband of Anni Schallenberg.	2007
Johanna Schallschmidt					1982
Ernst Sharp					2012
Ida Scharf					2012
Heinz Scheidling					1990
Helene von Schell					2000
Gisela Scherer					1971
Josy Scherer-Hoffmann					1971
Elisabeth Schiemann	August 15, 1881	3rd January 1972	Berlin	Biologist, criticized the racial policy of the National Socialists, member of the professing church	2014
Emilie Schindler	October 22, 1907	October 5, 2001		Wife of Oskar Schindler.	1993
Emma Schindler					2013
Oskar Schindler	April 28, 1908	October 9, 1974		employed 1200 Jewish slave laborers during the 2nd World War and thus saved them from certain death.	1993
Bartholomäus Schink	November 27, 1927	November 10, 1944		Schink was first a member of the Edelweiss Pirates , then the Ehrenfeld group in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne . This committed numerous food and gun thefts in the destroyed Cologne, but also hid forced laborers , Jews in hiding and deserters.	1982
Elsa Schleiermacher					1985
Walter Schleiermacher				Husband of Elsa Schleiermacher.	1985
Arthur and Paula Schmidt	November 7, 1887	4th July 1959	Berlin, where	Arthur Schmidt and his second wife Paula, a merchant couple from Berlin, hid the seven Jewish children of Alexander (converted to Judaism) and Pauline Weber, nee. Banda (Jewish; murdered in Auschwitz in 1943) from Berlin in a warehouse for vegetables in Worin (behind the inn "Zum Grünen Wald") and thus withdrew her from the Nazis' access. The NSDAP mayor of Worin, Rudi Fehrmann covered the action. Arthur Schmidt himself owned several storage and sales facilities for fruit and vegetables in Berlin. In the vicinity of Berlin, the Schmidt family had owned several of their own growing areas for vegetables and associated warehouses for generations, including the warehouse in Worin, which was used as an intermediate store for vegetables and in which the seven Jewish children were hidden. After Arthur Schmidt's apartment in Berlin was destroyed as a result of the Second World War, he and his wife Paula temporarily moved into a small, renovated house that was next to the warehouse in Worin. His two sons from his first marriage, Arthur and Gerhard Schmidt, also lived for a short time in and around Worin. Arthur Schmidt died on July 4th, 1959 in Berlin. Paula Schmidt died on November 23, 1979 in Berlin. Arthur and Paula Schmidt were honored as Righteous Among the Nations from Germany on March 14, 2018 on behalf of the Schmidt family by grandson Arthur Schmidt in Jerusalem in Yad Vashem.	2015
Meta Schmitt					1979
Änne Schmitz	December 13, 1911	December 11, 1999		Änne Schmitz, a trained bookbinder, was a member of the SPD and of the “ Bund - Community for Socialist Life ”. She and her friends from the “Bund” helped those persecuted by the Nazi dictatorship . The Jewish woman Marianne Strauss-Ellenbogen was hidden underground by the “Bund” and her life was saved.	2004
Elisabeth Schmitz	August 23, 1892	September 10, 1977	Berlin	In 1935 she wrote a memorandum on the situation of German non-Aryans , in which she accurately forecast what would happen to her fellow Jewish citizens after National Socialism. Your warnings - especially in the direction of the Evangelicals and here especially the Confessing Church - remained ineffective. She quit school after the November pogroms in 1938. Active support of persecuted Jews.	2011
Christa Schneider	October 5, 1920				2002
Dorothea Schneider	November 18, 1889			Mother of Christa Schneider.	2002
Ella shock					2013
Emil shock					2013
Anna Schönberner					1997
Gertrud Schönberner				Mother of Anna Schönberner.	1997
Oskar Schönbrunner	September 15, 1908	November 18, 2004		Schönbrunner was the paymaster of the German military administration between 1941 and 1943 , and by deceit obtained the release of Jewish prison inmates.	1977
Maria Schönebeck	1901	1950	Berlin	From 1943 until the end of the war, Maria Schönebeck, along with Emma Harndt and Ida Jauch, hid the well-known Jewish entertainer, presenter and director Hans Rosenthal in an allotment garden in Berlin.	1977
Karl Schörghofer Junior	?		Munich	Together with his parents Karl and Katharina, he was involved in hiding seven Jews from the Gestapo and looking after them.	1968
Karl Schörghofer Senior	1879		Munich	Schörghofer Senior was the cemetery administrator of the new Jewish cemetery . During the Holocaust, he not only defended the gravestones of the cemetery against the destruction of the Nazis, but together with his family also hid seven Jews from the Gestapo and provided them with essentials. When, after 14 months, the hidden men and women were betrayed by an informer, most of them were able to flee and two were taken to concentration camps. Although the Gestapo threatened the family with deportation to the Dachau concentration camp if Jews went into hiding again, the Schörghofers hid one of the refugees again. Together with Joseph Sebastian Cammerer , Karl Schörghofer senior saved a woman in 1944 and brought her to live with his daughter Martha in Miesbach .	1968
Katharina Schörghofer	?		Munich	Together with her husband Karl and their children, she hid seven Jews from the Gestapo. When, after 14 months, the hidden men and women were betrayed by an informer, most of them were able to flee and two were taken to concentration camps. Although the Gestapo threatened the family with deportation to the Dachau concentration camp if Jews went into hiding again, the Schörghofers hid one of the refugees again.	1968
Martha Schörghofer-Schleipfer	?		Miesbach	Martha Schörghofer-Schleipfer hid a Jewish woman who had been brought to her by her father Karl Schörghofer Senior for over a year until the end of the war in 1945 .	1968
Sonja Schreiber	November 17, 1893		eat	Marianne Ellenbogen, the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943. One of these members was Sonja Schreiber from Essen. From the end of August, Sonja Schreiber took her elbows in for a few weeks, hid them and provided them with food. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp .	2004
Hedwig Schrödter					1993
Otto Schrödter				Husband of Hedwig Schrödter.	1993
Gustav Schröder	September 27, 1885	1959	Atlantic	Schröder was the captain of the Hapag passenger ship St. Louis . In 1939 the ship sailed from Hamburg to America with over 900 Jewish refugees on board, but there they were turned away by both Cuba and the USA. Back in Europe, Schröder did everything possible to avoid having to return to Germany; he even considered setting the ship aground off Great Britain. Finally, various countries agreed to accept the Jews on board.	1993
Hanning Schröder	4th July 1896	October 16, 1987		From early 1944 to March 1945, Hanning Schröder and Cornelia Schröder-Auerbach hid a Jewish couple (Werner and Ilse Rewald) in their Berlin apartment at Quermatenweg 148 in Steglitz-Zehlendorf and saved them from certain death.	1978
Franz Schürholz					1973
Eduard Schulte	January 4, 1891	January 6, 1966		In the opinion of Bernward Dörner , the industrialist Schulte was "probably the most important individual from whom the international public learned that Hitler actually wanted to physically exterminate all European Jews in his domain"	1988
Anni Schulz					1988
Gustav Schulz				Anni Schulz's husband.	1988
Frieda Schulze					1978
Käthe Schwarz					1971
Wolfgang Schwarz				As a youth, Wolfgang Schwarz was involved in the resistance against National Socialism with the Ehrenfeld group within the Cologne Edelweiss Pirates . The group hid Ehrenfeld's Jews in the rubble and provided them with (often stolen) food.	1984
Maria Schwelien					1985
Gerhard Schwersensky					1985
Use Schwersensky				Wife of Gerhard Schwersensky.	1985
Konrad Schweser	November 16, 1899	February 28, 1975	Teplyk	Schweser was a German builder who served as a town builder in Poland from June 1940 to October 1941, helping Jews by procuring additional food. He then worked for the Todt Organization in Ukraine until the end of the war. There he saved the lives of at least 44 Jews by hiding them from members of the SS. In 1971 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit.	1968
Herta Seebass					2004
Julius Seebass				Husband of Renata Seebaß and father of their children Ricarda and Renata Seebaß.	2004
Renata Seebass					2004
Ricarda Seebass					2004
Esther-Maria Seidel					1982
Hans Seidel				Husband of Esther-Maria Seidel.	1982
Maria Seitz					1987
Wilhelm Seitz				Husband of Maria Seitz.	1987
Kurt Seligmann				If a Jewish woman and her daughter were hiding, she kept providing them with money and food.	2006
Annemarie Sell					1981
Helmuth Sell				Husband of Annemarie Sell.	1981
Gertie Siemsen					2002
Heinrich Silkenböhmer					1965
Ellen Christel Simons					1988
Erna Simons				Mother of Ellen Christel Simons.	1988
Margarete Sommer	July 21, 1893	June 30, 1965	Kleinmachnow , Berlin	Sommer hid Sonja Schönerstedt in 1944, initially in her Kleinmachnow apartment and later with nuns. A twelve-year-old girl was hidden in various children's homes under her protection until 1945.	2003
Hans Söhnker	October 11, 1903	April 20, 1981	Wünsdorf	Söhnker hid the persecuted (Ludwig Lichtwitz, Werner Scharff, Kurt Hirschfeldt) in the weekend house on Lake Wünsdorfer near Zossen in Brandenburg	2018
Walter Sunday					2003
Hannah Sotschek				Mother of Eva Cassirer.	2011
Senta Woodpecker					1997
Else Spisky					1990
Wilhelm Spisky				Husband of Else Spisky.	1990
Otto M. Springer					1986
Vojislav Stefanovic					1979
Stefan Steinbacher				Son of Therese.	2013
Therese Steinbacher					2013
Gertrud Steinl	March 17, 1922	March 16, 2020	Graslitz / Kraslice	Steinl hid Sarah Shlomi (née Fröhlich), a Jew, in her parents' house, where she survived from 1943 until the end of the war without being recognized.	1979
Elfriede Stichnoth					1985
Elisabeth Stippler					1984
Karl Stippler				Husband of Elisabeth Stippler.	1984
Annemarie Stockmann					2010
Karl Stockmann				Together with Annemarie (Dietrichs) and daughter Margret Verhaak.	2010
Hans Stockmar				During the National Socialist regime, Hans Stockmar maintained close contact with his former Jewish colleague Joseph Gelbart († 1942), who was deported to the Warsaw ghetto.	2001
Eugene Stöffler				Husband of Johanna Stöffler, daughter Ruth Stöffler.	1998
Johanna Stöffler					1998
Ruth Stöffler					1998
Eva Stoll				Daughter of Gaby Gaebler and wife of Walter Stoll.	1980
Walter Stoll				Husband of Eva Stoll.	1980
Fritz Strassmann				In the spring of 1943, Fritz Straßmann and his wife hid a Jewish woman in their apartment in Berlin for two months; she survived the war.	1985
Friedrich Strindberg				Hid Jews in his apartment with his wife.	2001
Utje Strindberg				Wife of Friedrich Strindberg.	2001
Grete Ströter					2004
Hermann Südfeld				At Yad Vashem (probably accidentally) listed as Bernhard Südfeld	1965
Hans Sürkel					1980
Werner Sylten				Sylten was a Protestant pastor of Jewish descent. He helped save the lives of more than a thousand “non-Aryan” Christians by making emigration possible.	1979
Horst Symanowski				He smuggled several bombed-out Jews from Berlin to East Prussia in order to secretly house them there. The Symanowski family placed a Jewish family in their own apartment at risk of death.	2002
Isolde Symanowski				Wife of Horst Symanowski.	2002
Anna Tervoort					1997
Frieda Szturmann	June 12, 1897	1962		As a “homeworker” in Staaken near Spandau, she hid the Jew Cecilie Rudnik and her daughter from the Gestapo.	2013
Luise Teske					2009
Wilhelm Teske				Husband of Luise Teske.	2009
Edwin Tietjens	March 20, 1894	May 22, 1944		From 1943 on, Tietjens and his wife Luigina von Fabrice hid the Jewish factory worker Ruth Heynemann and her mother in their house and got them forged papers.	1997
Gina Tietjens					1997
Albrecht Tietze				Husband of Gina Tietjens.	1970
Use Totzke	4th August 1913	March 23, 1987		She made no secret of her opposition to the Nazi regime. In 1942 and 1943 she tried - unfortunately in vain - to smuggle Jewish women across the border into Switzerland.	1995
Ernst Treptow					1988
Maria Treptow				Wife of Ernst Treptow.	1988
Joseph Tudyka					2006
Georg Ufer					1980
Margaret Verhaak				Daughter of Karl and Annemarie Stockmann (Dietrich)	2010
Hedwig Voelker					2012
Herbert Vogt					1979
Emma Forest Helmet				Wife of Fritz Waldhelm, daughter Ilse Waldhelm together.	2002
Fritz Waldhelm					2002
Use forest helmet					2002
Hans Walz				From 1938 to 1940, Walz financed the emigration of Jews.	2002
Ludwig Walz				From 1934 until 1942 he drove once a week at night to Buttenhausen, 35 kilometers away, to the local Jewish community in order to supply them with food. He also supported them with food when they were deported to Riga and Theresienstadt.	1974
Herta Webber					1965
Elisabeth Weeg					1990
Ludwig Weeg				Husband of Elisabeth Weeg.	1990
Armin T. Wegner	October 16, 1886	May 17, 1978		In April 1933, Armin T. Wegner protested against the persecution of the Jews in an open letter to Adolf Hitler. The letter was not published by any newspaper, whereupon Wegner sent it directly to the Brown House . Shortly afterwards, he was arrested, tortured and detained for several months for this.	1967
Otto Weidt	May 2, 1883	December 22, 1947		Owner of a broom and brush bindery classified as an "important military operation". He was able to protect and care for his mostly Jewish employees from deportation through bribery and forgery. a. Inge Deutschkron , Hans Israelowicz and Alice Licht. He hid the Horn family in a back room of his workshop for nine months. Shortly before the end of the war, he drove to Auschwitz, helped his friend Alice Licht escape during the death march from one of the Groß-Rosen subcamps and hid her in a room he had rented.	1971
Eugen Weiler					2004
Agnes Wendland				At the risk of her life, she and her daughter Ruth hid and protected persecuted Jews in the parish parsonage during the Second World War.	1975
Ruth Wendland				Daughter of Agnes Wendland.	1975
Paula Wendt					2004
Franz Weschenfelder					1976
Helen Weschenfelder				Wife of Franz Weschenfelder.	1976
Adolf Wiegel					2005
Frida Wiegel				Wife of Adolf Wiegel.	2005
Irmgard Wieth					1968
Frieda Winkler					1982
Hans Winkler				Husband of Frieda Winkler.	1982
Trude Wisten					1994
P. Witkowski					1979
Susanne Witte					1998
Alfred Wohlgemuth					2013
Ludwig Woerl	February 28, 1906	August 27, 1967		As a camp elder in the Dachau and Auschwitz concentration camps , he provided medical care to prisoners and saved the lives of some.	1963
Alexander Wolf					1996
Elena Wolf				Wife of Alexander Wolf.	1996
Elisabeth Wust	November 1, 1913	March 31, 2006		In addition to her lover, Elisabeth "Lilly" Wust hid three other Jewish women in her apartment	1995
Karl Zacherl					1980
Walburga Zacherl				Wife of Karl Zacherl.	1980
Joachim von Zedtwitz	June 11, 1910	October 10, 2001		Zedtwitz repeatedly brought Jews via Mährisch-Ostrau to the border to Poland in his car, from where they were brought to temporary security by local smugglers.	1994
Erika Zeise					2006
Ludwig Zeise				Husband of Erika Zeise.	2006
Elsbeth Zeller					2007
Hermann Konrad Zeller				(1883–1953), German pastor, husband of Elsbeth Zeller.	2007
Gustav Zenker	May 5, 1905	1998	Mülheim an der Ruhr	In the winter of 1943, Mathilde and Gustav Zenker hid the Jewish woman Marianne Strauss (born June 7, 1923) from the Gestapo overnight.	2004
Mathilde Zenker			Mülheim an der Ruhr	born Schäfer, wife of Gustav Zenker	2004
Konrat Ziegler	January 12, 1884	January 8, 1974	Berlin , Osterode am Harz	Ziegler helped a Jewish friend to emigrate in 1938 and was then sentenced to prison. Freed again and bombed out, he hid his former Jewish colleague Kurt Latte in Osterode.	2000
Ruth Zielinski			Krakow	Ruth Zielinski belonged to a family of German descent who had come to Krakow from the Sudetenland . In July 1942, Bernard Dov Kimel and his wife arrived in Krakow. You traveled with false "Aryan" papers. The Kimel couple asked Ruth Zielinski, who had previously worked as the housekeeper for Ms. Kimel's sister, for help. Ruth Zielinski took her in without hesitation and, despite objections from other family members, housed her in her apartment in Krakow for three months.	1991
Berta Zimmermann	September 27, 1902	November 14, 1937			2013
Dorothea Zimmermann				Wife of Georg Möhring	2011
Rudolf Zogelmann					2002
Agnes Zubeil			Berlin	Gustav Zubeil and his wife Agnes hid the Jewish couple Witkowski in their boat on the Spree in Berlin-Treptow after the couple had to go underground after February 27, 1943. The Witkowskis kept them for several months in the Zubeils' riverboat until they could find an alternative hiding place at Herta Müller's in Berlin-Weißensee .	1976
Gustav Zubeil			Berlin		1976

See also

• History of the Jews in Germany # Period of National Socialism (1933–1945)

literature

• Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations : Germans and Austrians. Edited by Daniel Fraenkel (German), Jakob Borut (Austrian). Translation into German by Uwe Hager. With a foreword by Avner Shalev and an afterword by Horst Köhler . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 (English original edition edited by Israel Gutman with the help of Sara Bender).
• Anton Maria Keim (Ed.): Yad Vashem: Die Judenretter from Germany. From the Hebrew speak. by Benyamin Z. Barslai . Matthias-Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-7867-1085-6 ; Christian Kaiser Verlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-459-01523-3 .

Web links

Commons : Righteous Among the Nations from Germany  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Chronological list of Germans who have been honored as "Righteous Among the Nations" in Yad Vashem. (No longer available online.) In: geschichtsatlas.de. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018 ; Retrieved June 10, 2019 (1963-2003; includes 392 names). 
• Paul Thoben: Chronological list of the German righteous. (No longer available online.) In: heinrich-middendorf-oberschule.de. Formerly in the original (no relevant mementos).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  

swell

• Righteous Among the Nations from Germany on the website of the Yad Vashem Memorial, accessed on May 17, 2017; u. a. with a list of Germans ( Memento from July 5, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 230 kB; as of January 1, 2016)
• Righteous Among the Nations Honored by Yad Vashem by 1 January 2019. GERMANY. Status: January 1, 2019 (English; yadvashem.org [PDF; 619 kB; May 12, 2019, accessed July 1, 2020]).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Names and Numbers of Righteous Among the Nations - per Country & Ethnic Origin, as of January 1, 2019. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed February 2, 2020 . 
2. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bach Arno & Margarete. Retrieved July 23, 2020 . 
3. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bartlakowski Leonard. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved February 11, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Barwitzky Claire on the Yad Vashem website , accessed on May 17, 2017.
5. ↑ Seev Goshen: Albert Battels resistance to the extermination of the Jews in Przemysl . Miscell. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . tape 33 , no. 3 . Walter de Gruyter, 1985, ISSN  0042-5702 ( ifz-muenchen.de [PDF; 671 kB ; accessed on September 17, 2018] detailed description of the actions).
6. ↑ Joachim Käppner : In the darkness. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . October 24, 2009, p. V2 / 6.
7. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bernhardt Herbert & Ella. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved February 11, 2020 . 
8. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Biel by Wilhelm. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved February 11, 2020 . 
9. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Erlenmeyer Ekkehard. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020 . 
10. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Blochwitz Else. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020 . 
11. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Block Irene (alley). In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020 . 
12. ^ Mathilde Böckelmann honored as righteous. In: embassies.gov.il. Embassy of the State of Israel in Berlin, November 24, 2016, accessed on April 27, 2020 . 
13. ^ Mathilde Böckelmann, The Righteous Among the Nations Database. In: yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. The world holocaust remembrance center, accessed on April 27, 2020 . 
14. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bollen Helena. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 13, 2020 . 
15. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bongers August; Son: Ludwig. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 17, 2020 (English). 
16. ↑ ^{a b c} The Righteous Among The Nations. Müller FAMILY. Müller Kurt (1902-1958). In: db.yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 8, 2019 (in English, on Kurt Müller, Elisabeth Braun and Margarete Hoffer). 
17. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bross August. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 13, 2020 . 
18. ↑ Günther Schwarberg : "Run, Shifra, run!" (PDF; 347 kB) In: kinder-vom-bullenhuser-damm.de. Association of children from Bullenhuser Damm e. V., January 18, 2014, p. 1 , accessed on June 10, 2019 (originally published in: Ossietzky . Zweiwochenschrift für Politik, Kultur, Wirtschaft. 2005). 
19. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Buchholz Valeska (Koenig). In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 15, 2020 . 
20. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Buengener Erich & Erika. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 20, 2020 (English). 
21. ↑ ^{a b c} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Burger Wilhelm. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 20, 2020 (English). 
22. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bunke Adolf & Frieda (Mudlagk). In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English). 
23. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Calogeras Ursula (Meissner). In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 17, 2020 (English). 
24. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Cammerer Josef. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English). 
25. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - David Paul & Regina; Daughter: Margit. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 23, 2020 (English). 
26. ↑ Not identical with Paul Dietrich . Paul and Hilde Dietrich - courageous people from Thuringia. Medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. (No longer available online.) In: fvks.projektonline.info. Förderverein Kulturstadt Görlitz-Zgorzelec , archived from the original on May 1, 2018 ; Retrieved on September 17, 2018 (with reference to the Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations . 2nd edition. Göttingen 2005, p. 95). 
27. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Dipper Theodor & Hildegard. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 23, 2020 (English). 
28. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Dobbeck Margit. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 23, 2020 (English). 
29. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Driessen Maria. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 29, 2020 . 
30. ↑ Heinz Droßel : The time of the foxes. Life memories from dark times. 2nd edition Waldkircher Verl.-Ges., Waldkirch 2001, ISBN 3-87885-338-6 , pp. 88 f., 162 f., 256.
31. ↑ Sebastian Werner: The national ideologue. In: Ronald Smelser , Enrico Syring , Rainer Zitelmann (eds.): The brown elite. Part 2: 21 further biographical sketches (= WB-Forum. Vol. 80). 2nd updated edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1999, DNB 955920124 , p. 23.
32. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Ebert Günther & Therese. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 30, 2020 (English). 
33. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - One of Gottfried. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 3, 2020 . 
34. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Elsner Henri & Else. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 3, 2020 . 
35. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Filing Jean. Retrieved July 3, 2020 . 
36. ↑ Hans Feyerabend wanted to save the lives of 3,000 Jews. In: Berliner Zeitung . November 25, 2015, accessed June 12, 2020 . 
37. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Fleischer Emil; Daughter: Gabriele. Retrieved July 13, 2020 . 
38. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Flemming Liselotte. Retrieved July 13, 2020 . 
39. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Friedrich Peter. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 13, 2020 . 
40. ↑ Gertrud Fröhlich is “Righteous Among the Nations”. In: welt.de. Die Welt , March 29, 2000, accessed May 17, 2017.
41. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Froehlich Gertrud. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 13, 2020 . 
42. ↑ Mentioned in the list by Yad Vashem: Dutch Righteous Among the Nations. (PDF; 906 kB) (No longer available online.) In: yadvashem.org. February 15, 2016, p. 25 , archived from the original on May 1, 2018 ; accessed on September 3, 2018 (English, January 1, 2016). 
43. ↑ Quotation from Claus Victor Bock: In hiding among friends. A report, Amsterdam 1942–1945. 3rd, through Ed. Castrum-Peregrini-Presse, Amsterdam 1989, ISBN 90-6034-053-1 ; and Friedrich W. Buri: I gave you the torch in leaps and bounds. W. F. A memory report. Edited and with an afterward by Stephan C. Bischoff. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86650-068-6 .
44. ↑ Reference by the WERNER RI law firm to the deeds of the former partner RA Dr. Fritz Fuchs and his wife Auguste. In: facebook.com, accessed May 17, 2017; the note contains a link to the article Nazi era. Courageous helpers out of conviction. In: ksta.de. Cologne city indicator . November 29, 2013, accessed May 17, 2017 (with further information).
45. ↑ Uta Böker: The ceremony in Bergisch Gladbach village square bears the name of courageous rescuers. In: ksta.de. Cologne city indicator. April 19, 2015, accessed on May 17, 2017 (report on the inauguration of “Auguste-und-Fritz-Fuchs-Platz”).
46. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Fullmann Elli. Retrieved July 14, 2020 . 
47. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gansz Liesel; Mother: Luise. Retrieved July 14, 2020 . 
48. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Entire Hanni. Retrieved July 16, 2020 . 
49. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Garbrecht Willi. Retrieved July 17, 2020 . 
50. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Garzke Elise (Paulick). Retrieved July 17, 2020 . 
51. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gehrke Hedwig. Retrieved July 19, 2020 . 
52. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gerbrand Gustav & Klara; Daughter: Christl. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
53. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gerschuetz Severin & Anastasia. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
54. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gessler Elisabeth (Leja). Retrieved July 21, 2020 (English). 
55. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gilles Albert & Marga (Honecker). Retrieved July 23, 2020 . 
56. ↑ Gertrud & Reverend Otto Mörike. (No longer available online.) In: yadvashem.org. 2014, archived from the original on April 6, 2013 ; accessed on April 13, 2019 (English). 
57. ↑ Gräbe's report on the murder of the Jews of Dubno is documented in: Nationalrat der Nationalen Front (Ed.): Braunbuch - War and Nazi criminals in the Federal Republic and in Berlin (West). Documentation Center of the State Archive Administration of the GDR, State Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin (East) 1965, OCLC 221670679 , p. 71 f .; (3rd ed.), Reprint of the edition [Staatsverl. der DDR, Berlin] 1968. Ed. by Norbert Podewin. With a critical appreciation and a conversation with Gerhard Dengler . Ed. Ost, Berlin [2002], ISBN 3-360-01033-7 .
58. ↑ Wolfram Wette : Denied Heroes. The memory of the resistance against the Nazi regime was not a matter of course after the war. Even those silent resisters who had rescued the persecuted were openly hostile. In: The time . No. 46, November 8, 2007, p. 96 ( zeit.de [accessed on September 3, 2018]).
59. ↑ ^{a b c} Gravestone of Fritz Ascher and Martha Grassmann on Wikimedia Commons .
60. ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin P Rep. 520 No. 46 and P Rep. 570 No. 1304.
61. ↑ Rachel Stern: Fritz Ascher: A life in art and poetry. In: To Live is to Blaze with Passion: The Expressionist Fritz Ascher / Leben ist Glühn: Der Expressionist Fritz Ascher. Exhibition catalog. Edited by Rachel Stern and Ori Z. Soltes. Wienand, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-86832-361-0 , pp. 18–63, here: pp. 39–41.
62. ^ Sachsenhausen concentration camp, instructions from the Political Department of December 23, 1938, Sachsenhausen archive D1A / 1022, p. 581; Old signature: R 228 / M 137, sheet 028 (provenance of the original: Russian State Military Archives Moscow 1367/1/22, sheet 581) and special list from December 24, 1938, Sachsenhausen archive D1A / 1022, sheet 581; Old signature: R 228 / M 137, sheet 028 (provenance of the original: Russian State Military Archives Moscow 1367/1/22, sheet 581).
63. ↑ Rachel Stern: Fritz Ascher: A life in art and poetry. In: To Live is to Blaze with Passion: The Expressionist Fritz Ascher / Leben ist Glühn: Der Expressionist Fritz Ascher. Exhibition catalog. Edited by Rachel Stern and Ori Z. Soltes. Wienand, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-86832-361-0 , pp. 18–63, here: p. 37.
64. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Griesmann Alfred & Luise. Retrieved July 23, 2020 . 
65. ↑ Anton Posset: “I couldn't help it” . Walter Groos was sent by his company to the "Ringeltaube" armaments project as construction manager. He didn't look away, didn't shut up and helped the Jewish concentration camp inmates with whom he worked. Only now, 15 years after his death, did Walter Groos' commitment receive a late award. In Yad Vashem he was honored as “Righteous Among the Nations”. In: Bürgerervereinigung Landsberg in the 20th century (Hrsg.): Landsberg in the 20th century. Special issues Landsberger contemporary history . The extermination of the Jews in the armaments project "Ringeltaube". The Kaufering / Landsberg concentration camp command in 1944/1945. Issue 4. European Holocaust Memorial Foundation, 2017, ISBN 3-9803775-3-9 , ISSN  0945-9901 , p. 8th f . ( landsberger-zeitgeschichte.de [PDF; 1,2 MB ; accessed on September 17, 2018] PDF excerpt).
66. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Groscurth Georg & Anneliese (Plump). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
67. ↑ Heimatmuseum Reinickendorf (ed.): Stolpersteine ​​Berlin - Reinickendorf: Wachsmuthstraße 9 . Life path of Dr. Use Kassel. Berlin July 5, 2008 ( cms.spinnenwerk.de ( Memento from August 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 310 kB ; accessed on January 30, 2013]).
68. ↑ Germans and Austrians . In: Daniel Fraenkel (ed.): Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 127–128 ( previewed in Google Book Search [accessed March 5, 2013]).
69. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Groyen Wilma (Althoff). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
70. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Grueber Karl. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
71. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gruenberg Maria (Albrecht). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
72. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gutsmann Anna. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
73. ↑ ^{a b} Israel honors Hans Söhnker as "Righteous Among the Nations". The former public prosecutor Heinz Gützlaff is also posthumously honored for his rescue of a Berlin Jew. In: juedische-allgemeine.de, October 31, 2018, accessed on February 4, 2019.
74. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Haardt Herbert & Maria. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
75. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Haertel Erna. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
76. ^ ^{A b} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kaeferle Marie (Haefner); Mother: Haefner Marie (Hold). Retrieved July 26, 2020 (English). 
77. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hagemann Gerhard & Wally; Daughter: Arnold Gertrud (Hagemann); Daughter: Janicke Maria (Hagemann); Daughter: Wirsig Monika (Hagemann). Retrieved July 27, 2020 (English). 
78. ^ Buchenwald Concentration Camp and the Rescue of Jews. (No longer available online.) In: yadvashem.org. 2013, archived from the original on April 16, 2013 ; accessed on April 13, 2019 (English). 
79. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Mueller Carola (Hammer). Retrieved July 27, 2020 (English). 
80. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hassenstein Liselotte. Retrieved July 28, 2020 (English). 
81. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Havemann Robert. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
82. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Heine Fritz. Retrieved July 29, 2020 . 
83. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Heinen Heinrich. Retrieved July 29, 2020 . 
84. ↑ Josef Heinen made his weekend house available to the Jewish Sonnenfeld family as a hiding place (1942–1945). (No longer available online.) In: rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de. Landschaftsverband Rheinland , archived from the original on November 10, 2016 ; accessed on April 13, 2019 . 
85. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Held Heinrich. Accessed July 30, 2020 (English). 
86. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hellenbrandt Werner & Liselotte. Accessed July 30, 2020 (English). 
87. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Helmrich Donata. Accessed July 30, 2020 (English). 
88. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Helmrich Eberhard. Accessed July 31, 2020 (English). 
89. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hensel Marie-Louise. Accessed July 31, 2020 (English). 
90. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Herd Herbert. Retrieved August 28, 2020 . 
91. ↑ Otto Herrmann named “Righteous Among the Nations” - a communist prisoner had campaigned for his fellow Jewish prisoners. In: derstandard.at. The standard . April 20, 2005, accessed May 18, 2012.
92. ↑ ^{a b} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Palme Melida; Daughter: Heuer Marta (palm). Accessed August 2, 2020 . 
93. ↑ Memorial plaque in Hemmingen, July 2010.
94. ↑ ^{a b} Yad Vashem gives Cardinal Joseph Höffner the title “Righteous Among the Nations”. Cardinal Karl Lehmann pays tribute to the services of the Höffner siblings. In: dbk.de. German Bishops' Conference . Press release, October 31, 2003 - No. 0 [sic!], Accessed on May 22, 2017.
95. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hoeffner Joseph; Sister: Hesseler Helene (Hoeffner). Accessed August 2, 2020 . 
96. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hinz Hermann & Clara (Plage). Accessed August 2, 2020 . 
97. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hirschfeldt Edith (Berlow). Retrieved August 3, 2020 . 
98. ^ Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.): Baden and Europe 1918 to 2000. Guide through the regional and cultural history department [of the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe]. Edited by Brigitte Heck, Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 2004, ISBN 3-88190-365-8 , p. 30 ( scan in Google book search).
99. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hohmann Fritz & Rosa (Eppler). Retrieved August 6, 2020 . 
100. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Holschke Alfred; Son: Walter; Daughter: Beutelspacher Ursula (Holschke). Retrieved August 6, 2020 . 
101. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Holzmann Helene. Retrieved August 7, 2020 (English). 
102. ↑ Stefanie Maeck: Officer Wilm Hosenfeld. The Nazi who saved Jews and Poles . In: Der Spiegel . November 23, 2015 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 27, 2018]).
103. ^ ^{A b} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Juenemann Georg; Daughter: Huenerfeld Josephine (Juenemann). Retrieved August 7, 2020 (English). 
104. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hutsch Erika. Accessed August 9, 2020 (English). 
105. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Impekoven Frieda (Kobler). Accessed August 10, 2020 (English). 
106. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Jacobs Helene. Accessed August 10, 2020 (English). 
107. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Jogmin Otto. Retrieved August 11, 2020 . 
108. ^ ^{A b} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Jovy Michael. Retrieved August 11, 2020 . 
109. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kahl Fritz & Margarete. Retrieved on August 12, 2020 . 
110. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Karnop Helmut; Mother: Maria. Retrieved August 13, 2020 . 
111. ↑ Klara Kaus. In: raoulwallenberg.net. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, accessed January 5, 2018.
112. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kerner Paul & Helene (Szlany); Son: Paul. Retrieved August 13, 2020 . 
113. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Heretic Arthur. Retrieved on August 15, 2020 . 
114. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kiefer Rudolf & Lina. Retrieved on August 15, 2020 . 
115. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kochan Klara. Retrieved August 17, 2020 . 
116. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kochanowski Gertrud (Lessie); Father: First name unknown. Accessed August 18, 2020 . 
117. ^ ^{A b} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Puetz Christian & Christine; Daughter: Koehn Adele (Puetz). Retrieved on August 19, 2020 (English). 
118. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kohl Max. Retrieved August 20, 2020 . 
119. ↑ ^{a b} eh: Yad Vashem honors Bavarian couple for rescuing Jews at the end of the war. In: Israel Network . September 24, 2019, accessed October 1, 2019 . 
120. ^ ^{A b} The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kranz Willy. Retrieved August 20, 2020 . 
121. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Cancer Paul. Retrieved on August 21, 2020 (English). 
122. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kreddig Walter & Anny (Lobback). Retrieved August 20, 2020 . 
123. ↑ Johanna and Lothar Kreyssig receive the honor “Righteous Among the Nations” . In: Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste e. V. (Ed.): Characters . Facets of the Reformation. tape 45 , no. 1 , 2017, ZDB -ID 8912-6 , p. 4 , ASF: Kurznachrichten ( asf-ev.de [PDF; 2.5 MB ; accessed on September 17, 2018]).
124. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kretchmar Hedwig. Retrieved on August 21, 2020 (English). 
125. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kruell Guenter. Retrieved August 22, 2020 (English). 
126. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Krumme Werner. Retrieved on August 23, 2020 (English). 
127. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kulka Walter & Luise. Retrieved on August 23, 2020 (English). 
128. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kunze Frieda. Retrieved on August 23, 2020 (English). 
129. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gerhard Kurzbach. Retrieved on August 24, 2020 . 
130. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Laabs Karl. Retrieved on August 24, 2020 . 
131. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Feuerherm Wanda; Daughter: Lagrange Vera (Feuerherm). Retrieved on August 24, 2020 . 
132. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Landmann Otto. Accessed August 26, 2020 (English). 
133. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Freytag Evert. Accessed August 26, 2020 (English). 
134. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Latte Ellen (Brockmann). Retrieved August 28, 2020 . 
135. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Lauche Otto & Maria (Hahn). Retrieved August 28, 2020 . 
136. ^ Barbara Stühlmeyer , Ludger Stühlmeyer : Bernhard Lichtenberg. I will follow my conscience (= Topos pocket books. Volume 835). Butzon & Bercker (Topos plus Verlagsgemeinschaft), Kevelaer 2013, ISBN 978-3-8367-0835-7 .
137. ↑ Max Liedtke. The righeous among the nations data base. In: yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. The world holocaust remembrance center, accessed on April 27, 2020 . 
138. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Lissack Frieda (Schneider). Retrieved July 23, 2020 . 
139. ↑ ^{a b c d} Walter Kern: Silent Heroes from Essen. Resisting the Persecution 1933–1945 . Old Synagogue Essen, Essen 2014, ISBN 978-3-924384-41-8 , p. 66-73 .
140. ↑ ^{a b} Memorial plaque in Essen-Altendorf , formerly at House Markscheide 50.
141. ↑ The Police in National Socialism - student work by the Police Department of the University of Applied Sciences in FFB. In: Kreisbote.de. Kreisbote , March 2, 2012, accessed on April 13, 2019 . 
142. ↑ Mensching, Wilhelm. Act 9242. In: Germans and Austrians (= Israel Gutman [Hrsg.], With the collaboration of Sara Bender: Lexicon of the Just Among the Nations ). Edited by Daniel Fraenkel ( German ), Jacob Borut ( Austrian ). Translation into German by Uwe Hager. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 195 ( preview in the Google book search).
143. ↑ Chronological list of the Germans who have been honored as "Righteous Among the Nations" in Yad Vashem. (No longer available online.) In: geschichtsatlas.de. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018 ; accessed on June 10, 2019 (Wilhelm Mensching under no.349). 
144. ^ Wilhelm Mensching. (No longer available online.) In: geschichtsatlas.de. Archived from the original on January 21, 2018 ; accessed on June 10, 2019 . 
145. ^ Matthias Schreiber:  Mensching, Wilhelm. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3 , Sp. 1269-1270.
146. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Morgenstern Karin. Retrieved July 19, 2020 . 
147. ↑ Gerda Altpeter, née Rappaport. Youth! Germany 1918–1945. In: jugend1918-1945.de. NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne, April 25, 2016, accessed on April 27, 2020 . 
148. ↑ ^{a b} Eberhard Busch : Kurt Müller - lawyer for those persecuted under National Socialism . Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-7668-4316-6 , foreword, p. 11 f ., here: p. 11 ( calwer-stiftung.com [PDF; 44 kB ; accessed on July 8, 2019]).
149. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Neubauer Kurt & Ella (Brennemann). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
150. ↑ Pachali Cornelie (1923-2006). In: db.yadvashem.org, accessed May 24, 2018.
151. ↑ Pachali Rudolf (1914-2005). In: db.yadvashem.org, accessed May 24, 2018.
152. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Patzschke Herbert & Erika. Accessed August 18, 2020 . 
153. ↑ Pfau, Ernst. File 0263. In: Germans and Austrians (= Israel Gutman [Hrsg.], With the collaboration of Sara Bender: Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations ). Edited by Daniel Fraenkel ( German ), Jacob Borut ( Austrian ). Translation into German by Uwe Hager. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 219 ( preview in the Google book search).
154. ↑ Johannes Tuchel (editor): With false papers. In: Silent Heroes Memorial Center - Resistance to the persecution of the Jews 1933–1945. 2nd Edition. Silent Heroes Memorial at the Foundation German Resistance Memorial Center , Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-926082-36-7 , S. (9-10 gedenkstaette-stille-helden.de [accessed on 17 May 2017]).
155. ↑ Gerd Ramm (1906–1968). In: yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem - The Authority to Commemorate the Martyrs and Heroes of the Holocaust, accessed February 17, 2014 . 
156. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Rentsch Paul. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
157. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Judge Herbert. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English). 
158. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database , Yad Vashem March 14, 2018, accessed October 6, 2019.
159. ↑ (inn): Yad Vashem honors German couple. In: israelnetz.de. Israelnetz , March 15, 2018, accessed March 30, 2018.
160. ↑ Hans Holzhaider : Silent Heroes. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. 1./2. September 2018, p. 11 ff. (Presentation of the event).
161. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Schmitz Anne. Retrieved July 19, 2020 . 
162. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - scribe Sonja. Retrieved July 19, 2020 . 
163. ↑ Joachim Jauer , Bodo Bost: Father Paul Cahensly and Margarete Sommer: Zwei Menschenretter. In: Christ in the Present . July 5, 2015, accessed April 16, 2019.
164. ↑ Elisabeth Stiefel: You were a mess. Women in resistance. Francke , Marburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-86827-493-6 (including a chapter on J. Stöffler).
165. ↑ ^{a b} Zenker Family. In: yadvashem.org, accessed May 25, 2017.
166. ^ According to Yad Vashem; according to the birth register of the registry office Schönebeck, 1905, No. 56: February 5 , 1905.
167. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Zielinski Ruth. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 16, 2020 (English). 
168. ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - accessory Gustav & Agnes. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 16, 2020 (English).