List of the Righteous Among the Nations from Germany
The list of Righteous Among the Nations from Germany includes Germans who were honored as Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli Yad Vashem memorial for saving Jews during the Nazi era .
Since 1953, the State of Israel has honored people as Righteous Among the Nations who took great personal risks between 1933 and 1945 and put their lives in danger in order to protect Jews threatened with deportation to labor or extermination camps . In Yad Vashem, a plaque is placed for each person in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations , and a tree was planted for each of the early honored people in the Alley of the Righteous Among the Nations , but this has become rare due to lack of space. As of January 1, 2019, the number of the Righteous totaled 27,362, including 627 Germans. Due to the large number of people, the list is divided according to nationalities. For other nations, see the List of the Righteous Among the Nations .
In addition to the name and dates of birth and death of the respective person, the list contains columns showing the location in which the rescue operations mainly took place, a brief description of the deeds for which the person was honored and the year of the award.
list
Surname | Born | Died | Place of rescue | Reason for the honor | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elisabeth Abegg | March 3, 1882 | August 8, 1974 | Berlin | Hidden persecuted and a. in her apartment, organized food, money and forged papers and secretly taught children and young people who were no longer allowed to be taught due to the Nuremberg Laws . | 1967 |
Richard Abel | Tunisia | As a soldier, Abel helped five captured Jews to escape by providing them with food and cards and sending the responsible guards away under a pretext. When he "noticed" the escape the next morning, he sent the soldiers under him to search in the wrong direction. | 1969 | ||
Frieda Adam | Berlin | Frieda hid her former Jewish colleague Erna Puterman in her own apartment for two and a half years when she rang the doorbell in distress in 1942 and provided her with her own scarce groceries. When Frieda's husband asked her to get rid of the guest in 1944, she was able, with the help of her sister, to accommodate Mrs. Puterman in the apartment of a Nazi opponent. This is how Erna Puterman survived the Shoah. | 1992 | ||
Willi Ahrem | 1902 | June 20, 1967 | Nemyriv | As the commander of a forced labor camp run by the Todt Organization , he repeatedly warned Jews interned there of impending SS actions and hid people in his home during these actions. Finally, he smuggled a family from the camp into a ghetto in the Romanian-occupied area and provided them and others there with food and clothing. | 1965 |
Adolf Althoff | June 25, 1913 | October 14, 1998 | Darmstadt | As director of the Althoff Circus , he took in the partner of one of his employees and her family and saved five people from deportation. Adolf Althoff was honored for this together with his wife Maria Althoff . | 1995 |
Maria Althoff | 1908 | Darmstadt | Wife of Adolf Althoff, whom she unreservedly supported with committed and imaginative work in the rescue operation for these Jewish people. | 1995 | |
Ruth Andreas-Friedrich | September 23, 1901 | 17th September 1977 | Berlin-Steglitz | Founder of the Uncle Emil resistance group . She hid the persecuted, provided them with food and forged papers. | 2002 |
Aurelius Arkenau | January 7, 1900 | October 19, 1991 | Leipzig | As a Dominican priest, he hid more than 100 people in the attic of St. Albert's monastery in Leipzig or found them hiding places with Christian families. | 1998 |
Hugo Armann | August 11, 1917 | May 1989 | Baranavichy | Armann was sergeant major in the Wehrmacht and saved the lives of two Jewish people by hiding them in September 1942 and then allowing them to go into hiding with the partisans . | 1985 |
Hildegard Arnold | February 8, 1915 | May 2, 1997 | Berlin | Arnold was one of Elisabeth Abegg's supporters - see there! | 2007 |
Heinrich Aschoff | August 9, 1893 | December 10, 1958 | Herbern | The farmer hid Marga Spiegel and their daughter Karin (* 1938) on the farm of his family . | 1965 |
Fritz Aub | December 26, 1890 | Berlin | Aub was a doctor in Berlin. He provided Jews in hiding with medical help, groceries and ration cards, and arranged accommodation for them. His wife Hedwig supported him in his rescue work. | 1987 | |
Hedwig Aub | Berlin | 1987 | |||
Arno Bach | Niedermiedeberg | Arno Bach and his wife Margarete, supported by Alfred Griesmann, Luise Griesmann and Frieda Lissack, hid two Jews who escaped a death march by train in April 1945 and thus saved them. | 1987 | ||
Margarete Bach | Niedermiedeberg | 1987 | |||
Leonard Bartlakowski | August 31, 1916 | 1953 | Rawa Ruska | Leonard Bartlakowski initially hid two and later four Jewish citizens from Rawa Ruska. All four hid in the small apartment until Rawa Ruska was liberated on July 27, 1944. The hiding place consisted of a one cubic meter hole dug into the ground under the bed. Getting food was a particularly delicate matter, as Bartlakowski couldn't buy enough for five people without arousing suspicion. He was therefore forced to steal from his workplace at the train station. Rumors that he was hiding Jews led the Gestapo to search their house with a dog, but they did not find the people in hiding. | 1979 |
Clare Barwitzky | June 19, 1913 | March 10, 1989 | France | From 1943, the pastoral assistant looked after around 30 Jewish children in a home near Chamonix , who were saved from deportation. | 1991 |
Albert Battel | January 21, 1891 | 1952 | Przemyśl | In the summer of 1942, together with Max Liedtke , he rescued Jews who had fled the Przemyśl ghetto before deportation and temporarily prevented the SS from evacuating the ghetto. Later he had around 500 ghetto inmates transferred to barracks; in their cellars they escaped deportation to extermination camps. | 1981 |
Gitta Bauer | 1919 | 1990 | Berlin | Hid her friend Ilse Baumgart in her apartment for nine months from July 1944. | 1985 |
Katharina Bayerwaltes | January 20, 1914 | June 11, 2011 | Bonn | It housed the Cologne couple Salomon and Henriette Jacoby and their daughter Hildegard Schott in their house at Argelanderstraße 44 from May 1943 until the liberation of Bonn by the US Army on March 9, 1945. See also: Heinz Odenthal , Josephine Odenthal , Sibylla Cronenberg | 2005 |
Julia Beck | Zolkiev | The couple hid 18 Jews in their basement. Valentin Beck continued to live in Poland after the war. | 1983 | |||
Valentin Beck | Zolkiev | 1983 | |||
Emil Beer | 1883 | 1970 | Reichshof | Emil Beer from Reichshof near Cologne, district of Berg, was the only landlord in 1933 who gave accommodation to the previously unknown 5-member Jewish family Löwenstein from Cologne. They had switched to the country, but moved back to Cologne a year later. Beer's daughter and the Löwenstein's son, Rudi, who had converted to Christianity, had met and got engaged in the meantime, but broke the bond after the Nuremberg Laws were promulgated in 1935. When the deportations began in 1941, Beer confirmed his daughter's friend, a true Christian to be, and let him live with her. At the end of 1941 the Gestapo looked for Rudi Löwenstein and was already on his track. Emil Beer made sure that he went to another hiding place in the village. Nevertheless, he was arrested and deported. Rudi Löwenstein was murdered in Auschwitz. His sister Trude escaped to England, the Löwenstein parents survived in hiding in Cologne, where they were secretly supplied with food by Emil Beer. | 1998 |
Else Beitz | June 11, 1920 | September 14, 2014 | Boryslaw | Was involved with her husband Berthold in the rescue of hundreds of forced laborers and in hiding threatened Jews. | 2006 |
Berthold Beitz | September 26, 1913 | July 30, 2013 | Boryslaw | Classified several hundred Jewish forced laborers - including those unable to work - as indispensable for the oil industry and employed them in the factories he managed, which avoided deportation. Together with his wife Else Beitz , he also hid Jews in his own house. | 1973 |
Otto Berger | April 15, 1900 | May 22, 1985 | Berlin | Hidden u. a. his colleague Fedor Bruck from July 1943 in his private rooms before the imminent deportation and got him forged papers. | 2009 |
Ella Bernhardt | July 16, 1914 | Berlin | Herbert Bernhardt worked as a textile buyer in a Berlin company during the war. His wife Ella ran the department of another company that employed around 80 Jewish women as forced laborers. The couple saved Hugo Kähler and his Jewish mother Rosa, for whom they furnished a small apartment in Berlin. In addition, he and his wife provided emergency accommodation in their own home to Jewish women from Ms. Bernhardt's workplace. | 1983 | |
Herbert Bernhardt | February 6, 1913 | Berlin | 1983 | ||
Rudolf Bertram | May 8, 1893 | 1975 | Gelsenkirchen | Together with four other hospital employees, he rescued 17 Jewish forced laborers who had been seriously injured after a bomb attack and brought to the Gelsenkirchen hospital, where he worked as a surgeon, from being transported to a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp . | 1979 |
Werner von Biel | May 19, 1911 | 17th January 1972 | Berlin | Werner von Biel rescued Manfred Alexander, a Jew who was born in Berlin in 1920 and who had managed to return to Berlin from the Minsk ghetto. Manfred Alexander von Biel hid in his second Berlin apartment and provided him with money and provisions. | 2003 |
Ekkehard Bingel-Erlenmeyer | November 20, 1907 | 1993 | Kamenets-Podolski and Kiev | Ekkehard Bingel-Erlenmeyer and Bronislava Adamchuk saved the life of Yakov Stein from Cernăuți (Chernivtsi, today Chernivtsi in Ukraine), who was active in the communist youth movement | 2011 |
Clare Blaeser | May 26, 1900 | September 25, 1996 | Wuppertal | Cläre and Leni Bläser hid Hermann / Grischa Barfuss in their apartment in Wuppertal. | 2017 |
Willi Bleicher | October 27, 1907 | June 23, 1981 | Buchenwald concentration camp | As a Kapo in the Buchenwald concentration camp, he saved the Polish-Jewish boy Stefan Jerzy Zweig from being transported to Auschwitz and thus from certain death by hiding him together with Robert Siewert in the camp among people with typhus . Its name was later removed from a transport list. The rescue achieved notoriety through the book Nackt unter Wölfen by Bruno Apitz in 1958 and the film adaptation of the book in 1963. | 1965 |
Else Blochwitz | 1899 | Berlin | Else Blochwitz was the air raid protection officer for a large apartment block in Berlin and as such had access to apartments and cellars that had become vacant. She used this position to hide and entertain Jews on the run in her own home as well as in other places. It also ran an informal network of volunteers who donated food and clothing, and smuggled illegal packages and letters to deported Jews. | 1965 | |
Irene Block | November 19, 1915 | Frankfurt | The doctorate Irene block used her connections to get their Jewish customers medical certificates, which they kept constantly facing deportation.
The Jewish woman Maria Johanna Fulda saved her from deportation and took her in for more than two years in her apartment in Frankfurt and later in a small town in the Schwalm region. |
1992 | |
Mathilde Böckelmann | 1907 | 1978 | Pustow, today OT von Sassen-Trantow | Hidden and cared for Miriam Brudermann geb. Fernbach lived on her farm near Greifswald until the end of the war and risked her life. | 2015 |
Adolph Kurt Bohm | July 27, 1926 | Paris | Together with his mother Marie Böhm , forged identity cards to protect Jews from persecution. | 1994 | |
Marie Bohm | ? | Paris | Together with her son Adolph Kurt Böhm , forged ID cards to protect Jews from persecution. She found hiding places and warned Jews in her neighborhood of imminent police actions. | 1994 | |
Helena Bollen | 1891 | November 10, 1990 | Competition | Helena Bollen was the director of an orphanage in Wettringen and saved the life of the Jewish teenager Heinz Guenther Katz. She knew that the youth is registered under a false name. Bollen was the only person who was aware of Heinz Günther's true identity and who kept it secret until the end of the war. His mother, Nellie Katz, managed to survive under a false identity and to move from one hiding place to another. At the end of the war she came to pick up her son. | 2012 |
Gottfried Bongers | January 9, 1881 | July 15, 1965 | Cologne | When, after the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944, the Nazi regime intensified the persecution of opponents and Jews and in September 1944 the authorities decided to arrest the half-Jews and Jewish partners who had been spared in mixed marriages and to keep them in a camp near Cologne the Jew Herta Olbertz with her daughter ordered to report to the police. Gottfried Bongers, Herta Olbertz's employer, told her not to go and offered to accommodate her and her half-Jewish daughter Kaetedore Olbertz in his apartment and that of his son Ludwig Bongers. Mother and daughter stayed in the Bongers' house until October. Their rescuers provided them with food and attended to all of their needs. Since Gottfried Bongers was known as an opponent of the Nazis, he feared that the Gestapo would search his house. So he put the two women in a cellar he owned.
When his other son Heinz, a devoted Nazi, announced his home leave in December 1944 and there was a risk that he might discover the two women, Gottfried Bongers turned to his brother Paul, who lived in the east of Cologne, and asked him, Herta and Kaetedore To take in and protect Olbertz. Paul Bongers and his wife Kaethe lived in a large house with their daughter Anni, Annis husband Bertram Schallenberg and their four daughters. Despite the danger, they did not hesitate and agreed to accept the two women from late December 1944, where they could hide for two months. From February 1945 Gottfried and Ludwig Bongers took the two women back in. Herta and Kaethedore Olbertz stayed in the Bongers' basement until the American soldiers occupied Cologne on March 6, 1945 and the two women were able to move to Braunschweig. |
2007 |
Ludwig Bongers | November 22, 1911 | July 11, 1982 | Cologne | 2007 | |
Käthe Bongers | July 10, 1887 | April 15, 1967 | Cologne | 2007 | |
Paul Bongers | October 21, 1882 | March 15, 1965 | Cologne | 2007 | |
Elisabeth Bornstein | Berlin | Hid the Jewish couple Gerhard and Ilse Grün together with her husband Ludwig for about a year and a half in their one-room apartment. | 1982 | ||
Johannes Böttcher | 1895 | November 23, 1949 | Essen-Rüttenscheid | As pastor of the Confessing Church , he and his wife Käthe Böttcher hid at least seven Jewish fellow citizens in the basement of the Reformation Church and in the boiler room of his parsonage. | 2004 |
Käthe Böttcher | Essen-Rüttenscheid | 2004 | |||
Günther Brandt | March 24, 1912 | January 1, 1987 | Potsdam | Brandt was employed as a grave officer, in this function he was authorized to issue new documents to German refugees. He uses this privilege to provide several Jewish fellow citizens with new documents that identify them as German refugees. | 1980 |
Elisabeth Braun | Stuttgart-Degerloch | Pastor Kurt Müller ( sv ) hid several Jewish people in the reformed rectory of Degerloch as part of the underground organization Württembergische Pfarrhauskette and in cooperation with the vicar Margarete Hoffer (Schwenningen) and the community assistant Elisabeth Braun (Gerstetten) from the attack of the National Socialist state authority. | 2012 | ||
Elisabeth Bredig | Berlin | After the murder of her husband of Jewish origin by the Nazis, Bredig lived with her parents again, she persuaded her parents to take Ilse Grün and another couple into their home, but withheld the fact that they were Jews. | 1982 | ||
Fritz Briel | October 25, 1906 | Burscheid | Biel and his wife briefly hid Marianne Strauss several times. | 2004 | |
Maria Briel | May 12, 1905 | Burscheid | Wife of Fritz Briel. | 2004 | |
Heinrich Brockschmidt | Warsaw | Brockschmidt and his wife Herta Brockschmidt employed the Polish-Jewish wife Gruenfeld, who had an Aryan ID, as a housekeeper and offered the two children a roof over their heads. When the Brockschmidts returned to Germany in 1944, they gave the Gruenfelds their apartment. | 1975 | ||
Herta Brockschmidt | Warsaw | Wife of Heinrich Brockschmidt. | 1975 | ||
Ernst Bross | December 13, 1868 | December 8, 1953 | Domersleben | Ernst Bross took in Ilse Meyer and her three half-Jewish children from autumn 1943 until the liberation, thus saving them from deportation. | 2008 |
Henny Brunken | Bremen | Henny Brunken gave concentration camp prisoners bread and groceries when the prisoners had to clear the rubble from the streets after bombing raids on the city. | 1968 | ||
Valeska Buchholz | Berlin | Valeska Buchholz, who had worked as a nanny and housemaid for the wealthy Jewish family in Berlin before the war, hid the Jewish warriors, who had lived in the same apartment block in the past, from March 1943. Valeska Buchholz took the couple in, hid them in an outbuilding and shared the meager food rations with them. This continued until November 23, 1943 when the building was bombed and set on fire. The Warriors found another refuge and survived the war. | 1984 | ||
Erich Büngener | 1905 | Berlin-Charlottenburg | During the Second World War, the Büngener family lived with their children in Berlin-Charlottenburg, where the interior designer Erich Büngener had a modern furniture shop. When Erich Büngener was called up by the army in 1941, his exhibition rooms were not used. Instead, the Büngener couple hid four Jews here from March 1943 to May 1, 1945: Max Mandel and his son Gert, his sister Ester Kantorowicz and his brother-in-law Kurt Kantorowicz.
Max Mandel was a long-time friend of Erich Büngener. At the beginning of 1943, when the situation for the remaining Jews in Berlin became more and more desperate, Mandel called his friend and asked him if he could temporarily accommodate four people. Büngener agreed, although married and with children. The Kantorowicz couple first hid in the exhibition rooms, Max Mandel and his son joined them a little later. With the exception of Kurt Kantorowicz, who was caught by the Gestapo in July 1944, everyone stayed with the Büngener family until the end of the war. Placing four illegal Jews in wartime Berlin was not only a very dangerous but also a very stressful affair. The main burden was borne by Erika Büngener, who used her two small children's ration cards to get food for everyone. This was supplemented by food that the almonds could procure themselves on their various excursions. Erika Büngener's parents, who knew about the four Jews in hiding, were concerned about the possible consequences. However, this did not prevent them from accommodating the people in hiding for eight days while the Büngener family's apartment was being repaired after a major air raid. |
1991 | |
Erika Büngener | 1916 | Berlin-Charlottenburg | 1991 | ||
Wilhelm Bürger | Mannheim | Wilhelm Bürger played an important role in the rescue of the Jewish Herzberg family from Mannheim in February and March 1945. The wealthy Jewish textile merchant Karl Herzberg, from Danzig, had lived in Mannheim since he was a child and married a non-Jewish woman here. His wife joined the Jewish community, as did their three children - a son and two daughters. According to the Nuremberg Laws, the three siblings were considered Jews ( valid Jews ), and the Herzberg family was persecuted like any other Jewish family in National Socialist Germany. Nonetheless, the mother's ancestry helped to protect the Jewish husband and two daughters - the son had managed to emigrate to Great Britain in 1938 - from deportation until very late in the war. In February 1945, the Gestapo asked all three to report for transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . From then on, Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud, Wilhelm Bürger as well as Frieda and Mathias Müller helped to save the three persecuted:
Herzberg's former business partner Wilhelm Bürger, who had already supported the Herzberg family with ration cards in 1944, decided - when he noticed that the Americans were not far away - to find temporary shelter for the Herzbergs. He initially brought the family up with Gertrud Hammer and her father Georg. Although they did not know the Herzbergs, both daughter and father were willing to give the persecuted family temporary refuge in their house in the nearby town of Schönau (now part of Mannheim). Since the twin households of the Hammers were noisy, 16-year-old Doris Herzberg fell ill with pneumonia and there were constant air raids on Mannheim, Wilhelm Bürger later found a more suitable shelter in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg with Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias. The persecution of the Herzberg family ended here on April 1, 1945, when the Americans marched into Ziegelhausen. |
1978 | ||
Adolf Bunke | January 14, 1904 | January 1, 1945 | Blöstau | Adolf Bunke and his wife Frieda Bunke, both members of the Confessing Church, took in Evelyn Goldstein and later her mother Herta Goldstein in Blöstau, both Berlin Jews who had been living illegally since the beginning of 1943 and first with Hildegard (Kniess) Arnold and later had found shelter with Elisabeth Abegg and Lydia Forsstroem.
The Bunke couple knew they were harboring a Jewish woman and child, but agreed to hide them, despite the danger, until the area was liberated by the Soviet army. During the entire period, the bunkes took care of all the needs of the two refugees, who had neither identity papers nor food cards. After the war ended, Herta and Evy Goldstein could not prove that they were Jews and the Russian authorities prevented them from returning to Berlin. They spent another three years in Vilnius before being able to return to Berlin in 1948. Two years later they emigrated to the USA. |
2009 |
Frieda Bunke | December 29, 1895 | January 27, 1976 | Blöstau | 2009 | |
Marie Burde | June 9, 1892 | July 12, 1963 | Berlin | Newspaper seller and rag collector who, from 1943, hid three Jewish youths in her basement apartment and thus saved their lives. | 2012 |
Emilie Busch | Wuppertal | Hid Marianne Ellenbogen in her apartment. She had been the housekeeper with their aunt. | 2004 | ||
Otto Busse | September 23, 1901 | March 6, 1980 | Bialystok | Busse employed Jewish citizens in his painting business and thus prevented their deportation, and he also procured weapons, medicines and clothing for the partisan group in Bialystok. | 1968 |
Hans Georg Calmeyer | June 23, 1903 | 3rd September 1972 | The hague | Was head of the “Internal Administration” department, which also included the “ Judenreferat ”, in the occupied Netherlands . His task was u. a. the "clarification of racial doubts". He also knowingly accepted forged papers in order to enable people to be classified as “Aryans” or as “quarter” or “half Jews” instead of “full Jews”, and gave advice on how a possibly life-saving classification could be achieved. Even a warning from his superiors didn't stop him. In this way, he was able to save at least 3,700 people, while at the same time for about 2,000 Jews the classification as "cases of doubt" meant death by him. | 1992 |
Ursula Calogerás-Meissner | Berlin | Ursula Meissner, who worked as a young actress at the Berlin State Theater, housed the Jewish Latte family - mother, father and one adult son - in their house in northern Berlin for several weeks until they found another hiding place. | 1994 | ||
Joseph Sebastian Cammerer | November 5, 1892 | August 30, 1983 | Munich | Joseph Sebastian Cammerer, a German engineer for heat and cold protection, protected and hid his Jewish childhood friend Gertrud Fröhlich and her husband Walter Lustig in his research laboratory in Tutzing and in Munich. Since Cammerer's research was classified as important to the war effort by the Nazi regime, the Lustig couple was able to claim auxiliary workers - allegedly “for particularly unpleasant chemical work”. This protected the two of them from the harsh conditions of forced labor, which is mandatory for the Jewish population. In mid-1941 Cammerer even conducted personal negotiations with the Gauleiter's office for Aryanization in order to obtain permission for the further employment of the Jewish couple, whose health had deteriorated significantly. Walter Lustig, marked by his brief imprisonment in the Dachau concentration camp in 1938 and in the Stadelheim prison in 1939, died in September 1941 and was buried in the Jewish North Cemetery in Munich. After Walter Lustig's death, his wife Gertrud, who was also seriously ill, continued to spend the day in the Munich laboratory. When Joseph Cammerer could no longer protect his sick friend from deportation, he took her to his remote research facility in Tutzing. Here she died on February 11, 1942. With the help of a trusted friend, Cammerer buried Gertrud Lustig first in the conservatory that belonged to the house and later transferred the remains of his girlfriend to the Jewish cemetery in Munich with the help of the Schörghofer family. After the end of the war, Cammerer informed the Jewish community in Munich and the Tutzing civil register about the private burial. | 1969 |
Eva Cassirer | January 28, 1920 | September 19, 2009 | Berlin | Eva Cassirer and her mother Hannah Sotschek hid Elisabeth Jacoby, a Jew. | 2011 |
Herbert Coehn | Bialystok | From 1943 on, Cohen hid Paulina Stein, her husband and their seven-year-old son in his apartment. | 1992 | ||
Sibylla Cronenberg | 1870 | 1951 | Rolandseck near Remagen | She housed the Jewish family Jacoby, Salomon and Henriette as well as their daughter Hildegard Schott in the Rheinhotel "Zum Anker" that she runs . See also: Heinz Odenthal , Josephine Odenthal , Katharina Bayerwaltes | 2005 |
Wilhelm Daene | November 20, 1899 | Berlin | He kept three Jewish women hidden in his two-room apartment, obtained forged papers for many other Jews, warned them of deportations and helped them go underground. Wilhelm Daene also improved the working conditions of Jewish forced laborers by shortening their shifts and defending them everywhere. | 1978 | |
Margarete Daene | Berlin | Wife of Wilhelm Daene. She arranged for the three Jewish women and many more to be accommodated during her husband's arrest in 1944. | 1978 | ||
Konrad David | March 30, 1910 | Lviv | Protected Ms. Gogatko and her daughter by first hiding them in an apartment and, after their arrest, using his special powers to reclaim them from the Gestapo. | 1980 | |
Paul David | Bielsko | The couple Paul and Regina David and their daughter Margit David were ethnic Germans who lived in Bielsko (Bielitz) in the Polish Upper Silesia at the time of the war. Paul David ran a repair shop for army trucks there. Polish partisans, who knew David as a "silent" anti-fascist, brought him into contact with Jews who were fleeing from the death squads of the SS and the Gestapo. In this way, the David family saved no fewer than 12 Jews between 1943 and the end of the war, including two small children, who found shelter in a cellar of their house that was excavated especially for this purpose. Two of those rescued, Sara Schlanger and her ten-year-old daughter, came to Bielsko with forged papers after the Bedzin ghetto was dissolved. 19-year-old Margit David, who worked in the local employment office, got Sara Schlanger a work permit. The Davids took care of their ten-year-old daughter during the day while Sara Schlanger was at work. | 1982 | ||
Regina David | Bielsko | 1982 | |||
Margit David | Bielsko | 1982 | |||
Johannes De Lattré | March 16, 1898 | Borth | Johannes De Lattré and his wife Eva De Lattré hid the Abramowicz and Machost couple in their house in Borth. | 1978 | |
Eva De Lattré | December 24, 1902 | Borth | Wife of Johannes De Lattré. | 1978 | |
Hilde Dietrich | August 13, 1914 | November 11, 1985 | Oettersdorf | Together with her father-in-law Paul, she rescued the Jewish master tailor Alfred Lichtenstein in their home in Oettersdorf by hiding him from deportation from June 1944 to April 1945. Both received the “Savior among the Nations” medal. | 2001 |
Paul Dietrich | September 26, 1882 | July 9, 1951 | Oettersdorf | Hilde Dietrich's father-in-law | 2001 |
Alfred Dilger | October 20, 1897 | 1975 | Bad Cannstatt | Was involved in helping the persecuted as a member of the “Brother Council” of the Confessing Church ; u. a. together with his wife Luise he hid the Jewish couple Krakauer in his house. | 1991 |
Luise Dilger | ? | Bad Cannstatt | Hid the Jewish couple Krakauer together with their husband Alfred in their house. | 1991 | |
Josef Dinzinger | 1891 | July 18, 1948 | Parnkofen | Danziger and his wife Maria Danziger hid Yerucham Apple and a friend who escaped from one of the death marches on their farm. | 1966 |
Maria Dinzinger | 1896 | October 10, 1975 | Parnkofen | Wife of Josef Dinzinger. | 1966 |
Hildegard Dipper | Wife of Theodor Dipper | 2008 | |||
Theodor Dipper | 1903 | 1969 | Reichenbach | Organizer of the underground organization Württembergische Pfarrhauskette , which hid persecuted Jews in churches and private homes of pastors and their relatives.
Together with his wife Hildegard Dipper, Theodor Dipper hid the Jewish couple Krakauer with them in Reichenbach for three and a half weeks. The Krakauers returned to the Dippers for the second time between December 1944 and January 1945. In between, Pastor Dipper helped them find other hiding spots. |
2008 |
Anna Disselnkötter | January 28, 1904 | November 23, 2006 | Züschen | Anna Disselnkötter and her husband Walther Disselnkötter hid the Jew Rahel Ida Plüer, nee Schild, in their house from January 1945 until the liberation and provided her with a new ID. | 1996 |
Walther Disselnkötter | November 14, 1903 | March 20, 2000 | Züschen | Husband of Anna Disselnkötter. | 1996 |
Margarethe Dobbeck | Mulhouse | Margarethe Dobbeck, who lived in Berlin for a few years and got to know the Jewish couple Emil Stargardter and his wife Gertrud there, lived again in their home town of Mulhouse in Alsace in 1943. The Stargardter couple, who had been living illegally since February 1943, decided at the end of 1943, when the bombing raids on Berlin increased, to leave Berlin and seek refuge with Margarethe Dobbeck. In addition to the Stargardter couple, Dobbeck also hid Flora Wolff. After the war Emil and Gertrud Stargardter returned to Berlin and then emigrated to Israel, where they settled in Haifa. | 2013 | ||
Hans von Dohnanyi | January 1, 1902 | April 9, 1945 | Leipzig | In 1942, he made it possible for the Jewish Berlin lawyers Fritz Arnold and Julius Fliess and their family members to flee to Switzerland by posing as agents of the Abwehr Office. Through the alleged Operation U-7 he initiated, 13 people were able to travel to Switzerland after he had prepared them as refugees during a secret visit. | 2003 |
Wanda Dombrowski | Berlin | Wanda Dombrowski housed Herbert Strauss from May to June 1943 and affixed his passport photo to his forged ID. | 2001 | ||
Martha-Maria Driessen | April 13, 1910 | Vienna | Martha-Maria Driessen, together with Dorothea Neff (Antonie Schmid) and Meta Schmitt, saved the life of the Jewish clothing designer Lilli Wolff. | 1979 | |
Elfriede Drossel | April 20, 1892 | Berlin | Wife of Paul Drossel, mother of their son Heinz Droßel . She, her husband and her son hid four Jews in Berlin in March 1945. | 1999 | |
Heinz Droßel | September 21, 1916 | April 28, 2008 | Berlin , Senzig | Wehrmacht soldier, helped a Jewish woman on home leave in Berlin in 1942, let her rest at home and gave her money to make it easier for her to find a place to hide. On home leave with his parents in Senzig in February 1945, he gave a Jewish family who had been hiding there for years, who had been discovered by neighbors and threatened to be denounced, the key to his Berlin apartment as well as a pistol and destroyed treacherous documents. | 1999 |
Paul Drossel | December 15, 1880 | Berlin | Elfriede Drossel's husband, see above | 1999 | |
Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz | September 29, 1904 | 16th February 1973 | Copenhagen | As an employee at the German Foreign Office in 1943, he passed on knowledge about planned deportations of Jews from Denmark and, through his negotiation policy, helped Jews to flee to Sweden . After hearing from the German envoy in Copenhagen Werner Best of the deportation order for the Danish Jews on September 18, 1943 , Duckwitz negotiated with the Swedish government under Best's tolerance in Stockholm to accept Jewish refugees. This saved 7,000 Danish Jews from deportation, and around 500 were transported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , 90% of which survived. | 1971 |
Anne Dudacy | August 30, 1904 | March 7, 1970 | Berlin | She hid a Jewish family until the end of the war. | 2001 |
Sylvia Ebel | December 31, 1926 | April 6, 2008 | Berlin | Daughter of Anne Dudacy | 1996 |
Gunther-Georg Ebert | December 3, 1919 | Dusseldorf | After the German authorities ordered the deportation of Jews in mixed marriages and their half-Jewish children in September 1944, Therese Ebert and her husband Gunther-Georg Ebert took in the half-Jewish Hanna Jordan. Hanna Jordan stayed here until the arrival of the Allies in March 1945. | 2009 | |
Therese Ebert | October 17, 1919 | Dusseldorf | 2009 | ||
Johanna Eck | January 14, 1888 | September 27, 1979 | Berlin | Hid two Jews and two politically persecuted people. | 1973 |
Frida Eckert | March 12, 1904 | Weissach | Eckert and her husband Gotthilf Eckert hid Hans Gumpel and his wife in their house from August to December 1943. | 1980 | |
Gotthilf Eckert | August 25, 1904 | Weissach | Husband of Frida Eckert. | 1980 | |
Gottfried von One | January 24, 1918 | Berlin | Gottfried von Eine supported the Jewish Berlin musician Konrad Latte during the last two years of the war. In 1943 he hired the musician who had gone into hiding as a répétiteur for rehearsals for his ballet Princess Turandot , provided him with food cards and an ID from the Reich Chamber of Music . Thanks to the efforts of Einems and others, Konrad Latte was saved from deportation . | 2002 | |
Alois Elsner | June 15, 1897 | 17th July 1971 | Kaufering | Husband of Maria Elsner | 2020 |
Maria Elsner | Kaufering | The German couple provided forced laborers in the labor camp in Kaufering, Bavaria, with food, medicine and clothing. After the war they received many letters from former slave laborers to thank them for their lifesaving help. | 2020 | ||
Else Elsner | Hamburg | Else and Henri Elsner, who owned a dairy in Hamburg, hid Salomea Schulz and her children Robert (then 9 years old) and Harriet (then 10 years old) twice in their cellar and provided them with food from October 1938. The Elsners maintained contact with the Schulz family until they emigrated. | 2006 | ||
Henri Elsner | Hamburg | 2006 | |||
Joseph Emonds | November 15, 1898 | 7th February 1975 | Kirchheim | The Catholic priest hid the painter Mathias Barz and his Jewish wife Hilde Stein in his rectory . | 2013 |
Bernhard Falkenberg | Włodawa | Falkenberg was an overseer in the labor camp in Włodawa, near the Sobibor concentration camp. Falkenberg requested far more than the approved 500 people from the Sobibor concentration camp and thus saved their lives. He was later denounced and himself was in Mauthausen concentration camp until liberation. | 2002 | ||
Johan Baptist files | 1904 | 1991 | Buchenwald concentration camp | Jean Baptist Feilen and the Ukrainian Nikita Voyevoda hid the Soviet prisoner of war Emil Alperin, who arrived at the Buchenwald concentration camp in March 1944 until the American army liberated the camp on April 11, 1945. After Feilen found out that Emil, alias Dimitri, was Jewish, he decided to help him survive in the camp. He hid it in the basement and in the laundry storerooms. He was supported by Nikita Voyevoda. | 2005 |
Wanda Feuerherm | September 2, 1905 | Berlin-Lichtenberg | Wanda Feuerherm hid Gerda Segal, a Jew, in her house from 1942 to 1944. | 1987 | |
Hans Feyerabend | July 16, 1882 | January 30, 1945 | Palm nod | On January 26, 1945, Hans Feyerabend, commander of the Volkssturm , refused to have 3,000 Jews walled up in an amber mine. On January 30th, he was found dead. Whether it was suicide could never be determined. The 3,000 Jews were shot on the beach - 15 of them survived the massacre. | 2013 |
Fritz Fiedler | ? | Horodenka | As a local commandant, he warned Jewish residents of impending arrests by the SS. He hid around fifty Jews under the pretext that they were working for the Wehrmacht in the local commandant's building. He gave the soldiers under his command to prevent the SS from entering, if necessary by force of arms. | 1965 | |
Hans Fittko | May 16, 1903 | Banyuls-sur-Mer | From September 1940 to April 1941, together with his wife Lisa Fittko , he led numerous persecuted people on a smuggler's trail across the Pyrenees from France to Spain. | 2000 | |
Emil Fleischer | Hollbrunn, Lübben i. Spreewald | Emil Fleischer and his daughter Gabriele Fleischer saved the lives of the two Jewish women Ljubica Levi and Lili Goldenberger at the end of February 1945. The two women, who were first brought from Auschwitz to Lieberose concentration camp by the SS and then sent on a death march with 2,000 other women - probably in the direction of Bergen-Belsen - were hidden in a barn by the Fleischers and supplied with provisions and provided with false working papers. | 2001 | ||
Gabriele Fleischer | July 12, 2003 | Hollbrunn, Lübben i. Spreewald | 2001 | ||
Lieselotte Flemming | Riga | Lieselotte Flemming and her husband provided the German Jew Bertha Seifersfeld and later also her husband in Riga with food, whereby Bertha Seifersfeld survived the war. | 1984 | ||
Elisabeth Flügge | February 4, 1895 | February 2, 1983 | Hamburg | The teacher made vacation stays for her Jewish students possible and took in a Jewish family. | 1976 |
Lydia Forsström | April 5, 1914 | January 1, 2006 | Berlin | Forsström hid Liselotte Pereles in her student apartment for a year and a half and provided other Jews in hiding with material things. | 1980 |
Ella Friedlieb | May 15, 1888 | Havelberg | Sister of Wally Hagemann | 1994 | |
Karin Friedrich | February 18, 1925 | November 27, 2015 | Marburg | Was a member of the Uncle Emil resistance group with her mother Ruth Andreas-Friedrich and others . She hid the persecuted, provided them with food and forged papers. | 2004 |
Peter Friedrich | August 26, 1889 | Berlin | Peter Friedrich, a socialist and passionate opponent of the Nazis, his wife and their two unmarried daughters hid Ismar Reich and his mother from August 1943 until Liberation Day in their little house on the outskirts of Berlin. | 1985 | |
Otto Ernst Fritsch | December 5, 1908 | innsbruck | In his role as Air Force sergeant, Fritsch tried to save the lives of Jews from mixed marriages when they were arrested for deportation. He was later imprisoned and tortured himself. | 1975 | |
Gertrud Fröhlich | 1908 | Waldenburg | Gertrud Fröhlich, who fled with her children from Breslau to her father in Dörnhau [near Beutengrund ] in Lower Silesia at the beginning of 1945 , took the Jew Abraham Kaiser from Lodz there in March 1945 , who had passed through several German concentration camps and was completely emaciated with her Door got up into her house and hid it. After the arrival of the Soviets, Kaiser stayed in Gertrud Fröhlich's house until August or September 1945, after which he returned to Lodz and emigrated to Israel in 1947. | 1999 | |
Wolfgang Frommel | July 8, 1902 | December 13, 1986 | Amsterdam | From 1942, hid a group of mostly Jewish youth from Germany and the Netherlands from the access of the German occupying forces , including Claus Victor Bock and Friedrich W. Buri . | 1973 |
Auguste Fuchs | July 1, 1890 | July 1, 1971 | Bergisch Gladbach | Together with her husband Dr. Fritz Fuchs spent months in his own house in Bergisch Gladbach, a Wuppertal woman persecuted by the Nazis as a Jew (Henriette Jordan, wife of the Wuppertal factory owner Franz Jordan). In honor of the Fuchs couple, a street in Bergisch Gladbach was named after them and is now called "Auguste-und-Fritz-Fuchs-Platz". | 2009 |
Fritz Fuchs | December 24, 1881 | February 1, 1972 | Bergisch Gladbach | Husband of Auguste Fuchs. | 2009 |
Herta Fuchs | May 21, 1908 | Oberpoyritz | Fuchs and her husband Kurt Fuchs took in three death march refugees in April 1945. | 1995 | |
Kurt Fuchs | November 22, 1908 | May 12, 1945 | Oberpoyritz | Husband of Herta Fuchs. | 1995 |
Elli Fullmann | Zschopau | During the last months of the war, Elli Fullmann, a young war widow and mother of four children, took in Odette Spingarn, a Jew, who had jumped from an evacuation train towards the Flossenbürg concentration camp in Zschopau, Saxony . Elli Fullmann hid Odette Spingarn in her apartment and shared the meager rations with her. | 1981 | ||
Gaby Gaebler | Berlin | Mother of Wolfgang Gaebler and Eva Stoll. | 1980 | ||
Wolfgang Gaebler | Berlin | Son of Gaby Gaebler. | 1995 | ||
Liesel Gansz | 1913 | May 11, 1971 | Berlin | Liesel Gansz took in her Jewish friend Charlotte Herzfeld, who was to be deported in autumn 1942, with herself and her mother Luise Gansz. In the years that followed, Liesel Gansz organized several different hiding places for her friend and provided her with food. | 2009 |
Luise Gansz | 1881 | Berlin | Mother of Luise Gansz. | 2009 | |
Hanni Ganzer | 1893 | Dusseldorf | Hanni Ganzer, a senior teacher at the Luisenschule in Düsseldorf and a member of the Bund - Association for Socialist Life , took in the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, Marianne Ellenbogen , in February 1945. She hid them and provided them with food. Marianne Ellenbogen had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943 and was brought to her friend Hanni Ganzer by Bund member Greta Dreibholz. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp . | 2004 | |
Willi Garbrecht | October 1, 1903 | 1981 | Zawiercie | Willi Garbrecht, an Air Force lieutenant who worked in a German Air Force factory in Zawiercie, hid Yoel Grinkraut and six other Jews, provided them with food and saved them from deportation to the concentration camp. | 2011 |
Elise Garzke-Israelowicz | June 15, 1896 | July 8, 1982 | Berlin | Elise Garzke-Israelowicz, the “Aryan” widow of Richard Israelowicz, hid her husband's Jewish friend, Isaac Grünberg, in her apartment at Brunnerstrasse 63 in Berlin's Wedding district from May 1942 to May 1943. | 2004 |
Auguste Gehre | October 2, 1898 | January 1972 | Berlin | Auguste Gehre and her husband Karl Max Gehre hid the family's Jewish general practitioner in their apartment from 1943 and helped ensure that his relatives found shelter. They also provided them with food. | 1988 |
Karl Max Gehre | August 23, 1897 | 1968 | Berlin | 1988 | |
Hedwig Gehrke | Goettingen | Marianne Ellenbogen, the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943. One of these members was Hedwig Gehrke, who lived in Göttingen with her young son and mother-in-law . Gehrke and Karin Morgenstern in Braunschweig took turns taking Marianne Ellenbogen to their home in the autumn of 1943. They hid them and provided them with food. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp . | 2004 | ||
Christl Gerbrandt | Stegna (formerly: Steegen) | Christl Gerbrandt, her father Gustav Gerbrandt and her mother Klara Gerbrandt hid Chaya Feigin (née Baran), her mother and a third Jewish girl from January to May 1945
on their farm in the village of Steegen, not far from Gdansk . The three women escaped from the Stutthof concentration camp on a death march and were brought to their parents' farm by Christl Gerbrandt. Here they got protection, warm clothing, food and new identities. |
1990 | ||
Gustav Gerbrandt | Stegna (formerly: Steegen) | 1990 | |||
Klara Gerbrandt | Stegna (formerly: Steegen) | 1990 | |||
Anastasia Gerschütz | Stadtlauringen | Severin Gerschütz from Stadtlauringen, a dentist by profession, and his wife Anastasia Gerschütz were devout Catholics and staunch opponents of National Socialism. Long after Hitler came to power, they maintained friendly relations with the only Jewish family in Stadtlauringen, the Hirschbergers and
temporarily hid the niece of their Jewish neighbors Irene Schmalenbach and her daughter Eva. After the two women failed to flee to Switzerland, Irene Schmalenbach was deported to Auschwitz and Eva Schmalenbach managed to escape from prison, the Gerschütz couple took Eva Schmalenbach in again for a while. |
1985 | ||
Severin Gerschütz | Stadtlauringen | 1985 | |||
Elisabeth Gessler | December 28, 1913 | 1984 | Lviv and Budapest | Elisabeth Hedwig Gessler, b. Since 1938 Leja was the nanny of the Jewish family Eduard and Dora Gessler and their three children Elek, Lili and Roman in what is now Bielsko-Biała in southern Poland. When the war broke out, the Gesslers fled, accompanied by their nanny, to Lemberg , where Dora Gessler committed suicide. Elisabeth Leja continued to look after the children, fled with two of the children from Lviv to Hungary in 1941 and in 1944 with the entire family to Romania. During the entire war, Elisabeth Leja protected the Gessler children with the greatest devotion and love. After the war, Elisabeth Leja stayed with Eduard Gessler and the children and they married in 1965. | 2007 |
Albert Gilles | May 30, 1895 | Rheinbreitbach | Dr. Albert Gilles and his wife Marga Gilles (née Honecker) from Rheinbreitbach near Cologne were practicing Catholics. Albert Gilles was acquainted with Waldemar Fritz and Frieda Fritz (née Panitsch) from Cologne, who ran a tobacco shop there and had a child together. Frieda Fritz was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in 1939. When the Nazis began to deport Jewish partners from mixed marriages towards the end of 1944, the Fritz family fled their house and lived with friends and relatives near Cologne and Bonn. In January they turned to the Gilles couple for protection. Albert and Marga Gilles willingly took the Fritz family into their home and kept them in their home until the fall of the Nazi regime. | 2005 | |
Marga Gilles | June 28, 1897 | Rheinbreitbach | 2005 | ||
Hilde Goelz | December 10, 1884 | 7th August 1971 | Wankheim | Hid Jews together with her husband Richard (see below) in his parsonage, who had been placed by the Berlin office of Grüber . | 1992 |
Richard Goelz | February 5, 1887 | 3rd May 1975 | Wankheim | Together with his wife Hilde (see above), he hid Jews in his parsonage who had been placed by the Berlin office of Grüber , or referred them to other parsonages ( Württemberg parsonage chain ). At the end of 1944 he was denounced and arrested on December 23, 1944 during the morning service in Tübingen and transferred to the Welzheim concentration camp , but was released again in 1945. | 1992 |
Theodor Görner | December 10, 1884 | 7th August 1971 | Berlin | Print shop owner, together with his daughter Hanni N Körper, helped over a hundred persecuted, mostly Jewish people, 22 of whom survived. Among others, Inge Deutschkron and her mother Ella, for whom he found work in his print shop in the summer of 1943 under an assumed name through the agency of Otto Weidt . | 1967 |
Elisabeth Goes | November 16, 1911 | August 23, 2007 | Gebersheim | German pastor's wife and member of the Württemberg parsonage chain , while her husband was absent as a military pastor, accepted a Jewish woman through the mediation of a pastor she knew and in 1944 the Jewish couple Max and Ines Krakauer in the parsonage, whom they passed off as bomb refugees from Berlin. Max and Ines Krakauer lived with her and their children until September 20, 1944. | 1991 |
Hermann Grabe | June 19, 1900 | April 17, 1986 | Ukraine | Engineer, from 1941 worked for a construction company in the German-occupied Ukraine and managed maintenance and new construction work on the track systems for the Deutsche Reichsbahn . He witnessed the massacre of the Jewish population in Rovno and Dubno . He succeeded in supplying thousands of Jews with forged papers and officially employing them as workers on his construction sites. Thanks to his record of the murder, the Americans were able to track down mass graves in Ukraine and find those responsible. As a witness at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in 1946, his detailed statements made a decisive contribution to the conviction of numerous perpetrators. | 1965 |
Martha Grassmann | January 16, 1881 as Martha Maria Pauline Fenske | January 24, 1971 | Berlin | Hidden Jewish victims and organized food, first in their apartment, then in the basement of a bombed-out villa at Lassenstrasse 26 in Berlin-Grunewald . She was married to Robert Karl August Grassmann since April 3, 1908 (Berlin, December 19, 1877– July 16, 1952).
She hid the artist Fritz Ascher (Berlin, October 17, 1893– March 26, 1970) from June 15, 1942 until the liberation of Berlin-Grunewald by the Russian army on April 29, 1945. Her only son, the lawyer Gerhard Grassmann on December 23, 1938 Fritz Ascher's release from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where he had been since the Reichskristallnacht on 9/10 November was interned. At the beginning of January 1939, Ascher was arrested again and taken to the Potsdam police prison. It was not until May 15, 1939 that Gerhard Grassmann, together with Pastor Heinrich Grüber Ascher's office, was released . Martha Grassmann took care of Ascher until the end of his life. |
2012 |
Alfred Griesmann | Niedermiedeberg | Alfred Griesmann and his wife Luise Griesmann helped Arno Bach and his wife Margarete as well as Frieda Lissack to hide and thus to rescue two Jews who escaped a death march by rail transport in April 1945. | 1987 | ||
Liesel Griesmann | Niedermiedeberg | 1987 | |||
Walter Groos | 1979 | Kaufering / Landsberg am Lech | Walter Groos, originally from Augsburg , came in 1944/45 as construction manager for the Josef Riepel company to build railway lines in the Kaufering subcamp complex . In this capacity he was on the construction site twice a week and tried to alleviate the suffering of the inmates by smuggling medicines, clothing, food and information into the camps about getting closer to the front. He encouraged the concentration camp inmates to hold out until liberation. Groos was denounced by work colleagues, but was able to suppress these charges. He also supported Jews in emigrating to England. He had taken his Jewish mother-in-law into his home and thus saved her from deportation and extermination. All this has been through the oral history work of Anton Posset made public and eyewitness reports. | 1994 | |
Anneliese Groscurth | 1910 | 1996 | Berlin | Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann, together with the architect Herbert Richter and the dentist Paul Rentsch, founded the underground group “The European Union”, which at times had more than fifty German members. This group formed a communication and information network with foreign forced laborers and prisoners of war in the Berlin area and tried to prepare for the time after the overthrow of the Nazi regime. At the same time she hid Jews who had escaped deportation, provided them with food and obtained false identification documents. Anneliese Groscurth and Georg Groscurth, for example, provided Elisabeth von Scheven (née Weidenrich), a Jewish woman from Frankfurt, with false identification documents and hid them in their house for three weeks in 1943. | 1987 |
Georg Groscurth | December 27, 1904 | May 8, 1944 | Berlin | 1987 | |
Charlotte Grossmann | December 21, 1897 | August 10, 1978 | Berlin-Treptow | From November 21, 1942 to the summer of 1944, the resistance fighters Charlotte (née Krause) and Reinhold Großmann, together with their daughter Sonja Großmann, hid the Jewish artist Gertrude Sandmann, who was friends with them, in their shared apartment at 11 Onckenstraße and worked until the Wehrmacht surrendered in May 1945 in the further rescue (among other things through food supply in the subsequent hiding place - arbor colony in Biesdorf ) before the safe destruction. | 2015 |
Reinhold Grossmann | July 28, 1897 | April 11, 1975 | Berlin-Treptow | From November 21, 1942 to the summer of 1944, the resistance fighters Charlotte (née Krause) and Reinhold Großmann, together with their daughter Sonja Großmann, hid the Jewish artist Gertrude Sandmann, who was friends with them, in their shared apartment at 11 Onckenstraße and worked until the Wehrmacht surrendered in May 1945 in the further rescue (among other things through food supply in the subsequent hiding place - arbor colony in Biesdorf ) before the safe destruction. | 2015 |
Tony Grossmann | Gorowo Ilaweckie | Tony Grossmann hid the doctor Ilse Kassel and her daughter Edith on a farm near Landsberg an der Warthe . Presumably through denunciation , however, the hiding place was blown up, and Ilse Kassel committed suicide for fear of arrest. Tony Grossmann was sentenced to two and a half years in a concentration camp. In 1993 she was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit. | 1981 | ||
Wilma Groyen | April 22, 1900 | September 27, 1995 | Koenigswinter | Wilma Groyen hid her Jewish friend Martha Steg and her son Günther from January to March 1945 and did not break off relations with other Jewish acquaintances. | 2008 |
Heinrich Grüber | June 24, 1891 | November 29, 1975 | Berlin | Heinrich Grüber, a Protestant theologian, and his wife managed to enable Jews and their spouses or descendants who had converted to Christianity , probably 1138, to leave Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1940 . | 1964 |
Klara Grüger | July 16, 1912 | May 8, 1999 | Berlin | Klara Grüger hid a Jewish lawyer in her apartment for two and a half years and helped other Jews and Russian prisoners of war. | 1986 |
Marie Grünberg | January 21, 1903 | October 27, 1986 | Berlin | Marie Grünberg saved the lives of four people persecuted by the National Socialists during the Nazi era by hiding them in her gazebo in Berlin-Blankenburg and supplying them with food. | 1984 |
Emma Gumz | December 1, 1899 | 5th January 1981 | Berlin | Emma Gumz hid Ella and Inge Deutschkron in the laundry that she ran with her husband and supplied other Jews with food. | 1971 |
Anna Gutsmann | 1899 | 1987 | Berlin | Anna Gutsmann hid her former employer Hermann Hersz Kranz, his wife Leonore and their son Fredy in their apartment in 1943 and provided them with food. When Anna Gutsmann's neighbors became suspicious and asked about the flatmates, Anna Gutsmann brought the Kranz family with Ella and Kurt Neubauer, also former employees of Hermann Herz Kranz. | 2010 |
Heinz Gützlaff | 1905 | 1961 | Berlin | Gützlaff gave the Jewish orthopedic surgeon Kurt Hirschfeldt his own identification card and added Hirschfeldt's photo to the ID. | 2018 |
Maria Haardt | Kaunas | Maria Haardt and her husband Herbert Haardt hid the Jewish Segal family in their apartment from July 1944 and thus saved their lives. | 1981 | ||
Herbert Haardt | Kaunas | Husband of Maria Haardt. | 1981 | ||
Erna Härtel | June 2, 1904 | Palm nod | Erna Härtel ran an inn in Sorgenau on the Baltic Sea coast, not far from Palmnicken (today Yantarny in Russia). She saved the life of the Polish-Jewish girl Frieda from Lodz, a concentration camp inmate who had escaped a death march. Frieda stayed with Erna Härtel from January 31, 1945 until the Russians moved in on April 14, 1945. | 1966 | |
Anna Hafner | Mannheim | Anna Hafner and her daughter Anna Marie Elise Käferle-Hafner supported Martha Käferle-Süsskind, who had been living illegally from 1941, and hid her in her apartment for six months. | 1997 | ||
Hedwig Hafner | Karlsruhe | Wife of Otto Hafner. | 1979 | ||
Otto Hafner | October 1, 1904 | October 26, 1986 | Karlsruhe | Otto Hafner and his wife Hedwig Hafner hid Klara Pereg, who fled after the annexation of Austria , in their apartment for nine months before she fled to her sister in the Netherlands. | 1979 |
Gertraud Hagemann | Havelberg | Gerhard Hagemann and his wife Wally Hagemann lived with their six children and Wally's unmarried sister Ella Friedlieb in Havelberg, a small town in the province of Brandenburg, around 100 kilometers northwest of Berlin. The Hagemanns and Ella Friedlieb were devout Catholics who continued to maintain friendly relations with the five Jewish families in the village after the Nazis came to power. Gerhard Hagemann had a good Jewish friend in Berlin, Jacob Kahane. When the deportations of the Jews began, Jacob Kahane initially hid with his wife and two children in Berlin. Then he turned to his friend Gerhard Hagemann in Havelberg with a request for help. Hagemann took his friend to the mayor's office and said he was a refugee from Berlin who, together with his family, had escaped an air raid in which all their belongings, including personal papers, were destroyed by fire. In this way, the Kahane family received official “Aryan” papers, received ration cards and was assigned a small house not far from the Hagemanns. The entire Kahane family, supported by the Hagemann and Ella Friedlieb families, survived the war in this way. | 1994 | ||
Gerhard Hagemann | Havelberg | 1994 | |||
Maria Hagemann | Havelberg | 1994 | |||
Monika Hagemann | Havelberg | 1994 | |||
Wally Hagemann | Havelberg | 1994 | |||
Wilhelm Hammann | February 25, 1897 | July 26, 1955 | Buchenwald concentration camp | As a communist he was a prisoner in Buchenwald concentration camp , where he was the “block elder” of “Children's Block 8”, in which Jewish children were imprisoned. When the news of the imminent deportation of the Jewish children leaked, he saved 159 children by removing the star from their prison clothes that identified them as Jewish children. | 1984 |
Georg Hammer | Mannheim | Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud Hammer played an important role in the rescue of the Jewish Herzberg family from Mannheim in February and March 1945. The wealthy Jewish textile merchant Karl Herzberg, from Gdansk, had lived in Mannheim since he was a child and married one here gentile woman. His wife joined the Jewish community, as did their three children - a son and two daughters. According to the Nuremberg Laws, the three siblings were considered Jews ( valid Jews ), and the Herzberg family was persecuted like any other Jewish family in National Socialist Germany. Nonetheless, the mother's ancestry helped to protect the Jewish husband and two daughters - the son had managed to emigrate to Great Britain in 1938 - from deportation until very late in the war. In February 1945, the Gestapo asked all three to report for transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . From then on, Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud, Wilhelm Bürger as well as Frieda and Mathias Müller helped to save the three persecuted:
Herzberg's former business partner Wilhelm Bürger, who had already supported the Herzberg family with ration cards in 1944, decided - when he noticed that the Americans were not far away - to find temporary shelter for the Herzbergs. He initially brought the family up with Gertrud Hammer and her father Georg. Although they did not know the Herzbergs, both daughter and father were willing to give the persecuted family temporary refuge in their house in the nearby town of Schönau (now part of Mannheim). Since the twin households of the Hammers were noisy, 16-year-old Doris Herzberg fell ill with pneumonia and there were constant air raids on Mannheim, Wilhelm Bürger later found a more suitable shelter in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg with Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias. The persecution of the Herzberg family ended here on April 1, 1945, when the Americans marched into Ziegelhausen. |
1978 | ||
Gertrud Hammer | Mannheim | 1978 | |||
Carola Hammer-Mueller | January 30, 1901 | November 29, 1979 | Berlin | Carola Hammer (later Müller) was a close friend of the Jewish couple Louis Hagen and Victoria Hagen. Carola Hammer provided her friends, who temporarily had no livelihood, with food until they emigrated. Despite all the precautionary measures, the Gestapo learned of their connection with the Hagen couple and held Carola Hammer for seven days in the infamous Gestapo prison at Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse. | 1979 |
Albert Harder | Palm nod | From January 1945 until the end of the war in April, he and his wife Loni hid three Jewish women who had fled a death march in his house and provided them with food and medical help. | 1966 | ||
Loni Harder | Palm nod | From January 1945 until the end of the war in April, she and her husband Albert hid three Jewish women who had fled a death march in their home and provided them with food and medical help. | 1966 | ||
Anne-Liese Harich | November 21, 1898 | 1975 | Berlin | From the spring of 1943, she hid Konrad Latte, who had gone into hiding, in her house and provided him with food and clothing. | 2002 |
Hans Hartmann | 1896 | Lemberg , Janowska concentration camp | At the request of a woman whose husband and son had been deported to the Janowska concentration camp , Hartmann took care of their liberation. After attempts to convince the camp commandant to release him failed, Hartmann drove to the camp personally, got the two prisoners out and obtained documents for them and their relatives that ensured their survival. As a punishment, Hartmann was transferred to Africa a little later. | 1963 | |
Liselotte Hassenstein | 1905 | 2004 | Brody | The German couple Liselotte and Otto Hassenstein, a forester by profession, lived in Brody from 1941. The Hassensteins were anti-Nazi, and Otto Hassenstein did his best to protect Jews who were sent into the woods for forced labor. Liselotte Hassenstein also hid the Jew Liza (Libshe) Hecht and her child in her house for several weeks without her husband's knowledge. When Liselotte was denounced, her husband unwittingly led the security police to his house, where they found the refugees hiding in the attic. The mother and child were sent to Belzec , where both were murdered. Liselotte was arrested, brought before a special court and sentenced to death for favoring Jews. Because of her poor health, which worsened while she was on death row, Liselotte's sentence was later commuted to prison and forced labor. | 2006 |
Käthe Hauschild | April 19, 1915 | Meiningen | Supported the three Jewish Frühauf family from 1938 to 1943 with food parcels, and hid the family's father from the Gestapo several times. Father and son Frühauf were finally deported to Auschwitz and murdered, only the daughter survived the war. | 1983 | |
Robert Havemann | March 11, 1910 | April 9, 1982 | Berlin | Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann, together with the architect Herbert Richter and the dentist Paul Rentsch, founded the underground group “The European Union”, which at times had more than fifty German members. This group formed a communication and information network with foreign forced laborers and prisoners of war in the Berlin area and tried to prepare for the time after the overthrow of the Nazi regime. At the same time she hid Jews who had escaped deportation, provided them with food and obtained false identification documents. | 2005 |
Fritz Heine | December 6, 1904 | May 5, 2002 | Marseille | Fritz Heine organized the rescue of several hundred German-Jewish refugees in Marseille on behalf of the exile party executive of the SPD ( SOPADE ) and in cooperation with Varian Fry . | 1986 |
Heinrich Heinen | May 14, 1920 | 1942 | Riga | Heinrich Heinen from Cologne was looking for his Jewish partner Edith Meyer in early 1942, who had been arrested in December 1941 and deported to the ghetto in Riga. He found her there among 16,000 other Jews deported here. The two fled to Solingen via Königsberg and Berlin and were hidden here by their friends Helene and Paul Krebs for some time. From there the couple wanted to flee further to Switzerland, but were caught in Feldkirch , shortly before the Swiss border. Edith Meyer was deported from there via Innsbruck to Auschwitz and murdered. Heinrich Heinen, who was waiting for his trial in Feldkirch, was able to escape from prison, but was shot by the police a few kilometers from Feldkirch. | 2013 |
Josef Heinen | Nov 9, 1898 | 23rd Dec 1989 | Ahrweiler , Liers | From 1942 to 1945 the Jewish Sonnenfeld family hid in his weekend house. | 1969 |
Emil Heinzmann | Lorsbach | From April 1944, he and his wife Paula hid a twelve-year-old girl who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, was considered a “ Jewish mixed race ” for a year . | 2002 | ||
Paula Heinzmann | Lorsbach | From April 1944, she and her husband Emil hid a twelve-year-old girl who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, was considered a “ Jewish mixed race ” for a year . | 2002 | ||
Heinrich Held | September 25, 1897 | September 19, 1957 | eat | Heinrich Held, together with Gustav Heinemann and pastors Friedrich Graeber and Johannes Böttcher, saved 50 to 60 Jews who had been hiding in the cellars of bombed-out Essen houses until the end of the war by bringing them the food they needed for survival. The necessary food stamps were collected by the three pastors and donated by members of the Confessing Church, who accepted hunger in solidarity with the persecuted Jews, "for needy parishioners". | 2003 |
Lieselotte Hellenbrandt | Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto | Werner Hellenbrandt - supported by his wife Lieselotte Hellenbrandt - provided medication to the sick in the Piotrków Trybunalski ghetto. The Jewish couple Chwat who lived there warned Werner Hellenbrandt several times of the threat of deportations; in the event of an arrest that had already taken place, he obtained the release of the two doctors. To protect her from future deportations, he arranged work for her in a glassworks. | 1979 | ||
Werner Hellenbrandt | Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto | 1979 | |||
Donata Helmrich | 1900 | April 10, 1986 | Berlin | Donata Helmrich, the wife of Eberhard Helmrich , a Berlin agricultural expert, was the mother of four children. She supported Jewish friends and acquaintances by obtaining these hidden or forged papers, and in Berlin she disguised Jewish Ukrainian women as housemaids and placed them in the neighborhood. | 1986 |
Eberhard Helmrich | August 24, 1899 | 1969 | Drohobycz | Eberhard Helmrich, a Wehrmacht officer from Hamburg , provided food to Jewish hospital patients in occupied Galicia and, together with his wife Donata Helmrich, saved the lives of numerous Jewish women by providing forged papers and sending them to work in Germany, allegedly as Ukrainian maids . | 1965 |
Marie Luise Hensel | August 8, 1894 | August 30, 1942 | Lake Constance near Überlingen | Marie Luise Hensel (née Flothmann) lived in Marburg and tried the Jewish lawyer Dr. Herman Reis smuggled his wife and daughter across the German-Swiss border near Lake Constance. While scouting an escape route, she was denounced and arrested. After three days of questioning, she committed suicide in Konstanz prison. | 1972 |
Herbert Herd | January 8, 1915 | February 11, 2009 | Krakow | Herbert Herden worked in the police intelligence service in Kraków during World War II . He used his position to establish contacts with resistance groups and to help Jewish families to flee from persecution by the National Socialists . He temporarily hid some refugees in his own apartment. | 2004 |
Eva Hermann | May 24, 1900 | 1997 | Mannheim | Eva Hermann and her husband hid the married couple Hilde and Fritz Rosenthal from Berlin and financially supported Jews from Mannheim who were deported to southern France. | 1976 |
Carl Hermann | June 17, 1898 | September 12, 1961 | Mannheim | Carl Hermann and his wife Eva hid Hilde and Fritz Rosenthal from Berlin and financially supported Jews from Mannheim who were deported to southern France. | 1976 |
Otto Herrmann | May 29, 1903 | 1969 | Niederorschel , Buchenwald concentration camp | As a Kapo of the Niederorschel satellite camp, he improved the prison conditions for inmates on behalf of the illegal camp committee . Under the pretext that the prisoners were doing vital work, he ensured 97% of the inmates - most of them Jews - to survive. | 2004 |
Marta Heuer | Warsaw | Marta Heuer (née Palme) and her mother Melida Palme hid the Jew Maria Abramska, her husband and the five other family members Fela and Heniek Schwarzfuchs as well as Renia, Jacob and Alina Goldspiegel in their vacant apartment in Warsaw from mid-1943 to August 1944. | 1975 | ||
Albert Heuer | Hemmingen | Dorle and Albert Heuer as well as Gertrud Kochanowski had hidden the Jew Margot Bloch with them from 1942 to 1945. | 1976 | ||
Dorle Heuer | Hemmingen | Wife of Albert Heuer. | 1976 | ||
Helene Hesseler-Höffner | Horhausen | Helene Hesseler b. Höffner, sister of Joseph Cardinal Höffner, brought the Jewish woman Dr. Dr. med. To her parents' house in Horhausen / Westerwald at the request of her brother in 1943 for six months. Edith Nowak and her husband under. | 2003 | ||
Clara Hinz | 1889 | Berlin | From 1941 on, Clara Hinz and her husband Hermann Hinz supported their Jewish neighbors Emil Stargardter and his wife Gertrud by giving them food and looking after Gertrud Stargardter after an operation. From 1943 onwards, the Stargardter couple, who were living illegally, were able to hide temporarily in the garden shed of the Hinz couple in an arbor colony. | 2013 | |
Hermann Hinz | Berlin | 2013 | |||
Edith Hirschfeldt-Berlow | January 16, 1903 | August 9, 1995 | Berlin | Edith Berlow hid the Jewish doctor Dr. Kurt Hirschfeldt, with whom she fell in love in 1936, in her house from 1941 until the end of the war. Walter Frankenstein, Kurt Hirschfeldt's cousin, also owed his life to Edith Berlow. She found another hiding place with a Nazi opponent. In addition, the Jewish couple Marlis and Michael Michailowitz were able to hide with Edith Berlow for six months. Edith Berlow and Kurt Hirschfeldt married after the war and emigrated to the United States. | 1992 |
Elise Höfler | 1912 | 1991 | Gottmadingen | Elise Höfler, together with her husband Josef and Luise Meier, helped about 28 Jews to flee to Switzerland. | 2001 |
Josef Höfler | September 25, 1911 | January 1, 1991 | Gottmadingen | Together with Luise Meier and his wife Elise , he brought about 28 Jews across the border into Switzerland | 2001 |
Otto Horns | February 28, 1884 | January 20, 1945 | Ettlingen | Otto Hörner hid Klaus Loebel, his wife and two children, Ellen and Hannelore, as well as two Jewish boys who escaped from a Jewish children's home in Berlin in his weekend house in Ettlingen. | 2002 |
Margarete Hoffer | July 31, 1906 | March 17, 1991 | Stuttgart-Degerloch | Pastor Kurt Müller ( sv ) hid several Jewish people in the reformed rectory of Degerloch as part of the underground organization Württembergische Pfarrhauskette and in cooperation with the vicar Margarete Hoffer (Schwenningen) and the community assistant Elisabeth Braun (Gerstetten) from the attack of the National Socialist state authority. | 2012 |
Elly Hoffmann-Gerstenberger | Weimar | Hid two children in her summer house for about a year and a half - until they were discovered by the Gestapo following a denunciation in autumn 1944. | 1984 | ||
Joseph Höffner | December 24, 1906 | October 16, 1987 | Cologne | Joseph Cardinal Höffner (Archbishop of Cologne 1969 to 1987) hid the seven-year-old Esther Sara Meyerowitz under the name "Christa Koch" in his parsonage from the regime in his parsonage in Kail in 1943. | 2003 |
Fritz Hohmann | December 11, 1907 | Tallinn | Fritz Hohmann and his wife Rosa Hohmann provided food for numerous German-Jewish forced laborers in Reval (now Tallinn), who were housed under strict guard in an old prison building, and helped the deportees to contact their friends and relatives. | 2000 | |
Rosa Hohmann | November 5, 1912 | Tallinn | 2000 | ||
Lisa Holländer | December 24, 1890 | April 22, 1986 | Berlin | Lisa Holländer hid Ella Deutschkron and her daughter Inge in her apartment for several months . After her home was destroyed by Allied air raids, she continued to provide the two women with food in other hiding places. | 1971 |
Alfred Holschke | 1891 | 1958 | Naundorf via Oschatz | Alfred Holschke, an employee of the Naundorf manor near Oschatz, and his children Ursula Holschke and Walter Holschke hid six survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp who escaped a death march in April 1945 , including Hanna Levy, a Jew from Neuwied. | 1998 |
Ursula Holschke | 1926 | Naundorf via Oschatz | 1998 | ||
Walter Holschke | 1929 | Naundorf via Oschatz | 1998 | ||
Helene Holzman | August 30, 1891 | August 25, 1968 | Kaunas | Helene Holzman, a painter of German descent, took care of persecuted Jews during the entire occupation and a large part of her modest income was used to buy groceries for the residents of the ghetto in Kaunas. She and a group of women friends also managed to rescue some endangered children from the Kaunas ghetto . | 2005 |
Wilhelm Hosenfeld | May 2, 1895 | August 13, 1952 | Warsaw | The appointment of the former Wehrmacht officer was made at the request of Władysław Szpilman in 1998 and after years of efforts by his son Andrzej Szpilman . Hauptmann Hosenfeld helped the Polish-Jewish pianist Władysław Szpilman with food and clothing when he was hiding in occupied Poland during the winter months. | 2008 |
Paula shell | Berlin-Friedrichshain | Shell provided several families with food and money, and she also bribed a local NSDAP leader to warn the families of raids. When one of the families was about to be deported, Shell offered to hide them; the family refused, however, and were taken to Theresienstadt. There, too, Mantel continued to provide them with food parcels. From the end of 1943 onwards, Paulaülle hid one of the families on an estate outside Berlin for several months. | 1971 | ||
Stephanie Hüllenhagen | December 17, 1893 | 15th January 1967 | Berlin | In January 1943, Stefanie Hüllenhagen took Helene Leroi, who was threatened with deportation, into her one-room apartment. Helene Leroi hid there with brief interruptions until May 1945. | 2001 |
Josephine Hünerfeld | Leipzig | Georg Jünemann and his daughter Josephine Hünerfeld, both devout Catholics and opponents of the Nazis, hid Walter Albert Leopold, his wife Hilda and their five-year-old daughter Anneliese twice for five weeks in 1942. In order to avoid deportation to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, the Jewish family went underground and received help from a total of 12 people. | 2005 | ||
Kreszentia bumblebee | February 22, 1907 | August 21, 2002 | Arberg | Pretended Charlotte Knobloch was her own illegitimate child. | 2017 |
Erika Hutsch | 1912 | January 31, 1986 | Lviv | Erika Hutsch saved the Jewess Golda (Olga) Stavskaya and her son Michail. She hid them both in her apartment and provided them with food. | 2012 |
Frieda Impekoven | 1880 | Frankfurt | Frieda Impekoven (née Kobler), her husband Toni Impekoven, an actor, writer and artistic director of the Frankfurter Schauspielhaus, and their daughter Niddy, a celebrated dancer, were outspoken opponents of the National Socialist regime and its racist persecution of the Jews. In 1943 Frieda Impekoven provided an older Jewish widow, Frau Wöffler, with food several times and let Margarete Knewitz, who was to be deported, live in her vacant apartment and provided her with food. | 1966 | |
Helene Jacobs | February 25, 1906 | 23rd August 1993 | Berlin | Helene Jacobs was a member of the Confessing Church . She belonged to a group around the lawyer Franz Herbert Kaufmann , who helped from 1940 that the Jewish persecuted could go into hiding and leave the country. Jacobs hid some people in her apartment until she was denounced and sentenced to prison in 1943 . | 1968 |
Ida Jauch | 1886 | 1944 | Berlin | From 1943 until the end of the war, Ida Jauch, together with Emma Harndt and Maria Schönebeck, hid the famous Jewish entertainer, presenter and director Hans Rosenthal in a Berlin allotment garden. | 2011 |
Otto Jogmin | 1894 | June 2, 1989 | Berlin | Otto Jogmin, caretaker of a so-called "Judenhaus" in Wielandstrasse in Berlin, where Jewish families were barracked, created escape routes, supported and hid people threatened by deportation and brought them to safe places outside the city. | 2011 |
Michael Jovy | March 9, 1920 | January 19, 1984 | Cologne | Michael Jovy, son of the non-party mayor of Gladbeck of the same name, was a member of an opposition youth group in the Rhineland at the time of National Socialism and had contact with the so-called Edelweiss pirates . Together with Jean Jülich and Bartholomäus Schink, towards the end of the war he protected a Jewish woman and her daughter, Friedel and Ruth Krämer, and a young man of mixed Jewish origin, Paul Urbat from Cologne-Bickendorf, in a cellar on Schönsteinstrasse. | 1982 |
Jean Jülich | April 18, 1929 | October 19, 2011 | Cologne | Jean Jülich, together with Michael Jovy and Bartholomäus Schink, protected a Jewish woman and her daughter, Friedel and Ruth Krämer, and a young man of mixed Jewish origin, Paul Urbat from Cologne-Bickendorf, in a cellar in Schönsteinstrasse towards the end of the war. | 1982 |
Georg Jünemann | 4th August 1876 | Leipzig | Georg Jünemann and his daughter Josephine Hünerfeld, both devout Catholics and opponents of the Nazis, hid Walter Albert Leopold, his wife Hilda and their five-year-old daughter Anneliese twice for five weeks in 1942. In order to avoid deportation to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, the Jewish family went underground and received help from a total of 12 people. | 2005 | |
Anna Käferle-Hafner | March 15, 1920 | Mannheim | Anna Käferre-Hafner and her mother Anna Hafner supported Martha Käferle-Süsskind, who had been living illegally from 1941, and hid her in her apartment for six months. | 1997 | |
Fritz Kahl | December 7, 1895 | 1974 | Frankfurt | Dr. Fritz Kahl, a doctor in Frankfurt, and his wife Margarete Kahl treated Jewish patients who had gone into hiding, despite the ban, until the spring of 1945, and provided their Jewish patients with food. In 1942 they supported Robert Eisenstädt, a Jew who had fled from the Majdanek concentration camp , and helped him and his pregnant fiancé Eva Müller to flee to Switzerland on February 21, 1943 with forged passports. | 2006 |
Margarete Kahl | November 15, 1896 | 1958 | Frankfurt | 2006 | |
Maria Karnop | 1876 | Berlin | Maria Karnop and her son Helmut Karnop were outspoken opponents of National Socialism. After Hitler came to power, the Karnops offered help and refuge to Jews persecuted by the regime in their house in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg and provided them with food. | 1997 | |
Helmut Karnop | August 21, 1899 | Berlin | 1997 | ||
Klara Kaus | 1903 | April 15, 1985 | Mannheim | Klara Kaus and her husband hid a Jewish girl (Ellen Loebel) in their apartment in Mannheim from 1943 to 1945. | 1974 |
Helena Kerner | August 20, 1902 | Bratislava | Helena Kerner, her husband Paul Kerner and their son Dr. Paul Kerner protected the befriended Jewish couple Lichtenstein and their three children. When the Lichtensteins were forced to move to a suburb of Bratislava after 1939, the Kerners did everything in their power to alleviate the misery of their Jewish friends and provided them with food parcels three times a week. When the Lichtensteins were about to be deported at the end of September 1944, the Kerners warned their friends and found them a hiding place in the Dubravka suburb, where they supplied them with food. | 1984 | |
Paul Kerner | September 18, 1885 | Bratislava | 1984 | ||
Dr. Paul Kerner | Bratislava | 1984 | |||
Arthur Heretic | March 27, 1896 | February 23, 1980 | Berlin | Arthur Ketzer, a chemist and pharmaceutical entrepreneur from Berlin, helped persecuted Jews during the war in a variety of ways. He helped two women leave Germany, employed two women in his company without reporting them to the authorities, and hid a couple with children in one of his buildings from September 1943 to February 1944. | 2007 |
Lina Kiefer | 1972 | Hanover | From the end of February 1945 to the beginning of March 1945, Lina Keuert and her husband Rudolf Keuert hid the Hungarian Jew Alexander Barok, who had managed to escape from the concentration camp, in their apartment. | 2003 | |
Rudolf Kiefer | 1972 | Hanover | 2003 | ||
Helmut Kleinicke | November 19, 1907 | 1979 | Chrzanów | Helped over a dozen Jews flee. He hid them in the basement of his official apartment or in the greenhouses of the district nursery and issued them false papers so that they could leave the country. | 2020 |
Klara Kochan Stein | May 14, 1910 | 22nd January 1971 | Berlin | From autumn 1942 Klara Kochan hid the Jewish writer Alice Stein-Landesmann in her one-room apartment and shared her food rations with her. After the war the women continued to live together and Alice Stein-Landesmann adopted Klara Kochan, who has been called Klara Kochan-Stein ever since. | 2013 |
Gertrud Kochanowski | Hanover | Gertrud Kochanowski and her father, Dorle and Albert Heuer as well as Erika Patzschke and Herbert Patzschke had hidden the Jewess Margot Bloch with them from 1942 to 1945. | 1976 | ||
Father of Gertrud Kochanowski | Hanover | 1976 | |||
Clara Koehler | Berlin | Supported her husband Max Köhler in caring for Jews hidden in their factory. | 1988 | ||
Max Koehler | Berlin | As the owner of a metalworking factory, he hired several Jewish men in hiding. To the other workers, Köhler claimed that they were "Aryans" who had been released from military service. He also hid several women in remote areas of the factory. | 1988 | ||
Adele Koehn | Rheidt | Adele Köhn (née Pütz) and her parents Christian Pütz and Christine Pütz saved the life of the Jewish foster child Karola Stern. Karola Stern was accepted into her family by Christina and Christine Pütz in 1938. The family looked after their foster daughter for the next six years. Even after the Gestapo arrested their foster daughter in 1944 and subsequently escaped, they were able to support Karola Stern and find a new hiding place for her with a cousin of Adele Köhn in Silesia. | 1985 | ||
Max Kohl | 1881 | 1976 | Lviv | Max Kohl, a German industrialist from Burscheid , owned tanneries in several European countries. Because of his expertise, the National Socialists appointed Kohl as acting manager of a leather factory in Lemberg . Its staff consisted largely of compulsory Jewish Poles who lived in the Lemberg ghetto . Kohl was aware of the hopeless situation of his employees and of the situation in the Lemberg ghetto. In order to help the workers, he offered them additional income opportunities and food and hid Jews in the basement of his house, who were supposed to be transported to the concentration camp. | 1996 |
Cäcilia Köhldorfner | Schnaitsee | In May 1945 she and her husband Michael hid the two fugitive Jewish concentration camp prisoners Henrick Gleitmann and Bernhard Hampel. | 2019 | ||
Michael Köhldorfner | Schnaitsee | In May 1945 he and his wife Cäcilia hid the two fugitive Jewish concentration camp inmates Henrick Gleitmann and Bernhard Hampel. | 2019 | ||
Viktoria Kolzer | February 24, 1902 | June 30, 1976 | Berlin | Took the Jewish Hanni Weißenberg in hiding from November 1943 until the end of the war in her apartment at Nollendorfstrasse 28 and shared the ration cards with her | 1978 |
Walter Kramer | June 21, 1892 | November 6, 1941 | Buchenwald concentration camp | Saved many lives as the “Doctor of Buchenwald” and was shot from behind in the Försterberg sand pit near Goslar-Hahndorf “while fleeing”. | 1999 |
Theodor Kranz | 1897 | Leipzig | Helped the Jewish Frankenstein family survive underground. | 2013 | |
Willi Kranz | July 12, 1889 | 1968 | Berlin | From March 1943, Willi Kranz and his partner Auguste Leißner hid the Jewish girl Rita Cohn in their apartment. | 2002 |
Paul Ludwig Krebs | October 10, 1895 | Solingen | Paul Ludwig Krebs and his Jewish wife Helene Krebs hid Heinrich Heinen from Cologne and his Jewish partner Edith Meyer in their apartment in Solingen for some time in 1942 . Heinen had tracked down his girlfriend Edith Meyer in the ghetto there after her deportation to Riga and came with her via Königsberg and Berlin to Solingen to the house of the Krebs couple. From here they wanted to flee to Switzerland. A friend of Edith Meyer's denounced the couple to the authorities and gave the cancer couple's address. When the police came to the apartment, Heinen and Meyer had already traveled on, but Paul Ludwig Krebs and his pregnant wife were arrested. In December 1942, when she was seven months pregnant, Helene Krebs was deported to Auschwitz. Paul Krebs was released because he was a worker in the arms industry. | 2013 | |
Anny Kreddig | 1917 | Berlin | Anny Kreddig (née Lobback) and her husband Walter Kreddig owned a drugstore in Berlin-Schöneberg. After the November pogrom of 1938, they offered their former Jewish supplier and business partner Horst Wienskowski protection in their basement for more than four years. They supported him and other members of his family with groceries and ration cards. When the Gestapo arrested Wienskowski in February 1943 and deported him to Auschwitz, they continued to regularly send him food parcels. | 1984 | |
Walter Kreddig | Berlin | 1984 | |||
Johanna Kreyssig | Bruderhof in Hohenferchesar | Wife of Lothar Kreyssig . | 2017 | ||
Lothar Kreyssig | October 30, 1898 | 5th July 1986 | Bruderhof in Hohenferchesar | Between 1943 and 1945 he and his wife Johanna hid two Jewish women who had previously been persecuted by the Gestapo. | 2017 |
Hedwig Kretchmar | Krakow and Bautzen | Hedwig Kretchmar hid Helena Hauser (née Koch), a Jew, and her daughter and mother-in-law with her in Krakow. She arranged temporary accommodation for the Hausers and a job for Helena Hauser. As the danger increased in Krakow that the Hausers would be recognized by former acquaintances, Hedwig Kretchmar sent them disguised as Polish workers to her sister-in-law and mother-in-law in Bautzen, without revealing their Jewish identity. The Hausers stayed in Bautzen until the liberation. | 1979 | ||
Günter Krüll | October 13, 1917 | May 23, 1979 | Pinsk | Günter Krüll saved the life of Fishl Rabinow in Pinsk, who lived with his parents and sisters in the Ghetto in Pinsk. As office manager, he gave Rabinow special permission to move outside the ghetto. He hid him in his house for three weeks in 1942 when deportations were being carried out in the ghetto and obtained forged identity documents with which he could go to Kiev and work there. | 1999 |
Werner Krumme | May 12, 1909 | 1972 | Auschwitz concentration camp | Werner Krumme and his Jewish wife were arrested by the Breslau Gestapo on November 15, 1942 when they tried to help two of Frau Krumme's younger Jewish relatives, Renate and Anita Lasker, escape to unoccupied France. Werner Krumme and his wife were held in prison in Germany until January 31, 1943 and then deported to Auschwitz. Werner Krummes wife was murdered here. In Auschwitz concentration camp, Werner Krumme succeeded in forging so-called selection lists and assigning Jews to work units with relatively tolerable conditions, which increased their chances of survival. | 1964 |
Luise Kulka | Berlin | Luise Kulka and her husband Walter Kulka supported Elisabeth Bredig in the rescue of the Jew Ilse Grün and another Jewish couple who - together with Elisabeth Bredig - were housed in their parents' house. The Kulka couple helped with the delivery of ration cards from January 1943 and helped to find a new hiding place from October 1944. | 1982 | ||
Walter Kulka | Berlin | 1982 | |||
Frieda Kunze | September 11, 1894 | February 22, 1967 | Senzig | Frieda Kunze, the office manager of the Berlin Jewish lawyer Dr. Georg Martin Fontheim kept in contact with the lawyer and his family until the Fontheims and their daughter were arrested on December 24, 1942 by the Gestapo. Frieda Kunze then made her summer house in Senzig near Berlin available to her son Ernst Fontheim. Ernst Sontheim - together with Jack and Lucie Hass and their daughter Margot - was able to hide here from January 30, 1943 to March 27, 1945, equipped with false papers. | 2009 |
Gerhard Kurzbach | 1915 | Bochnia | In 1942, Gerhard Kurzbach rescued 200 residents of Bochnia from deportation to extermination camps under the pretext that he urgently needed them for an important war mission. | 2011 | |
Karl Laabs | January 30, 1896 | March 4th 1979 | Chrzanow | Karl Laabs, who lived in Chrzanow with his family in his capacity as district building inspector, protected some Jews by issuing them employment certificates. In February 1943 he freed many Jews who were slated for deportation to Auschwitz and allowed them to flee. He hid some of them in his own house, entertained them, and trucked them to a safe hiding place. | 1980 |
Vera Lagrange | Berlin | Vera Lagrange and her mother Wanda Feuerherm hid the Jew Gerda Segal in their house from 1942 to 1944. | 1987 | ||
Elisabeth Landmann | Berlin-Friedenau / England | Provided guarantees in England as well as places in boarding schools and foster families for over 50 Jewish children, who were able to flee as part of the Kindertransport . | 1967 | ||
Otto Landmann | May 5, 1906 | Lutzk | At the end of 1942, Otto Landmann hid two Jewish girls for three months in the storerooms of an army camp, provided them with food and clothing, and procured Polish identity papers for them. | 2001 | |
Evert Baron Freytag von Loringhoven | Grodno | The German nobleman Evert Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, who was born in Riga, had a family estate in Grodno. In November 1944, a transport of around 2,800 Jewish women from the Stutthof concentration camp reached Merakowo train station. They were assigned to nearby labor camps and instructed to dig anti-tank trenches. About 135 women were housed in Grodno in a tent camp that had been set up on the property of Baron Freytag von Loringhoven without his consent. Baron Freytag von Loringhoven was able to save the lives of two Jewish women, Tereze Aufrecht and Klara Schwartz, by keeping them busy in his household. Another ten women, who worked in the cowshed under more favorable conditions, were probably able to hold out until the Russian liberation. | 1967 | ||
Ellen Latte | 1921 | Goslar | Ellen Brockmann was a young singer at the Hessisches Volkstheater in Goslar. She was 23 years old when she met Konrad Bauer, the theater's new conductor, in May 1944. His real name was Konrad Latte, a Jew who had been living illegally since February 1943 and had managed to get an engagement at the Goslar Theater under a false name. Ellen Brockmann suspected that the new Kapellmeister was living with a false identity and provided him with groceries and ration cards. When all theaters in Germany were closed due to the war situation in September 1944, Ellen Brockmann accommodated Konrad Latte in her apartment in Homburg and introduced him to her curious neighbors and acquaintances as her fiancé. Both married right after the war ended. | 1978 | |
Erich Lauche | March 25, 1914 | Leipzig | Erich Lauche and his wife Ilse Lauche, both opponents of the Nazi regime, hid the Jewish family Albert, Hilda and Anneliese Leopold in their house from June 13 to December 4, 1943 and shared their food with them. | 2005 | |
Use Lauche | February 24, 1915 | Leipzig | 2005 | ||
Elsa Ledetsch | 1976 | Berlin-Biesdorf | 1987 | ||
Alfred Leikam | September 1, 1915 | February 8, 1992 | Buchenwald concentration camp | 2002 | |
Auguste Leissner | December 31, 1893 | 1987 | Berlin | Auguste Leißner and her partner Willi Kranz hid the Jewish girl Rita Cohn in their apartment from March 1943. | 2002 |
Maria Letnar | 1897 | Munich | 1968 | ||
Bernhard Lichtenberg | December 3, 1875 | November 5, 1943 | Berlin | After the state-directed riots against Jews and Christians of Jewish descent in the November 1938 pogroms, Lichtenberg publicly stood up for the persecuted. Lichtenberg hid Jews, arranged for Jewish children to leave for England and looked after prisoners. | 2004 |
Max Liedtke | 1894 | 1955 | Przemyśl / Poland | In 1942, the former head of the Greifswalder Zeitung publishing house, as military commander of the city of Przemyśl, blocked the only access to the ghetto at the suggestion of his adjutant Albert Battel and armed himself against the SS to prevent the evacuation of the local Jewish population to the Belzec extermination camp. His superiors canceled his orders. However, he placed 100 Jews and their families under the protection of the Wehrmacht. | 1993 |
Frieda Lissack | March 15, 1915 | Niedermiedeberg | Frieda Lissack, Alfred Griesmann and his wife Luise Griesmann helped Arno Bach and his wife Margarete to hide and thus to rescue two Jews who escaped a death march by train in April 1945. | 1987 | |
Heinrich List | February 5, 1882 | October 5, 1942 | Erbach | 1992 | |
Maria List | February 25, 1881 | October 21, 1965 | Erbach | Wife of Heinrich List. | 1992 |
Erich Löbe | May 18, 1895 | Berlin | 2010 | ||
Gertrud Luckner | September 26, 1900 | August 31, 1995 | Freiburg | 1966 | |
Hans Luma | Berlin | 1982 | |||
Elfriede Lusebrink | Wuppertal | Supported by the couple Eugen and Agnes Richter, they offered the Jordan family a protective asylum in September 1944. The family was threatened with arrest and deportation: Henriette Jordan, a Jew, her Christian husband Franz and her baptized daughter Hanna were to be included in the Nazis' persecution and extermination measures, until then protected as a “privileged mixed marriage”. | 2009 | ||
Ernst Lusebrink | Wuppertal | Husband of Elfriede Lusebrink. | 2009 | ||
Hermann Maas | August 5, 1877 | September 27, 1970 | Evangelical pastor, "Christian Zionist". In Heidelberg he ran an aid center for those who were racially persecuted. With his international contacts he was able to help many Jews to emigrate until the beginning of the war in 1939. | 1964 | |
Jozef Maciejok | 1994 | ||||
Frieda Mager | 2009 | ||||
Maria Countess von Maltzan | Biologist, veterinarian and resistance fighter. In cooperation with the Swedish Church (Victoria Church in Wilmersdorf), Maltzan helped those persecuted by the Nazis to escape, obtained false passports and led the refugees through the sewers of Berlin. In addition, she was involved in the “Aktion Schwedenmöbel”, in the framework of which Jews and politically persecuted persons were hidden in furniture boxes loaded for transport that Swedish citizens were allowed to send home. It can be assumed that she helped in various ways in the rescue of around 60 politically or racially persecuted people. Maltzan's alliances in the resistance against National Socialism were not tied to any particular political color. She kept in touch with communists as well as the Kreisau Circle . | 1987 | |||
Erich Mahrt | 1910 | 1988 | Berlin | Electrician, KPD member. Erich Mahrt hid his future wife, the Jewess Wally Gortatowski, in a gazebo from December 1942 until the end of the war | 2017 |
Gerhard Marquardt | May 30, 1904 | March 14, 1983 | eat | Gerhardt Marquardt kept two women in hiding for four weeks until the Americans marched into Essen on April 11, 1945. They fled on the way from the Humboldtstrasse satellite camp to work at Friedrich Krupp AG . | 1985 |
Johann Maschotta | 2005 | ||||
Klara Maschotta | Wife of Johann Maschotta. | 2005 | |||
Max Maurer | March 23, 1891 | 1972 | Max Maurer was a village policeman in Ergoldsbach. On April 28, 1945, together with his colleague Josef Kimmerling and the farmer Anna Gnadl, he hid thirteen Jews from the SS who had been handed over to him to be shot, thus saving them from death. | 1995 | |
Paul Mayer | 2nd August 1896 | April 15, 1976 | Hid a Jewish doctor for three years in his apartment above the offices of his gendarmerie post, helped Italian forced laborers to escape, and hid around 20 Canadian prisoners of war in his mountain hut | 1968 | |
Rosa Mayer | Wife of Paul Mayer. | 1968 | |||
Albert Meier | Husband of Maria Meier, daughter Katharina Meier. | 1990 | |||
Katharina Meier | 1990 | ||||
Maria Meier | 1990 | ||||
Luise Meier | Catholic. Helped more than 27 Jews to flee to Switzerland. | 2001 | |||
Wilhelm Mensching | Oct 05, 1887 | Aug 25, 1964 | Buckeburg | During the war, Pastor Mensching hid Ruth Lilienthal from Berlin in his parsonage in Petzen from autumn 1943 to spring 1944 and, shortly before the end of the war, also hid an escaped Russian prisoner of war. | 2001 |
Margarete Meusel | May 26, 1897 | May 16, 1953 | Social worker and member of the Confessing Church. From 1933 to 1936 she accepted Jewish welfare workers as interns. From 1941 onwards she placed women threatened with deportation to extermination camps in safe accommodation. | 2006 | |
Hanne Meyer | 1965 | ||||
Josef Meyer | 1965 | ||||
Elfriede Meyer | Mother of Josef Meyer. | 1965 | |||
Gerda Mez | 2012 | ||||
Heinrich Middendorf | August 31, 1898 | August 10, 1972 | Webs | 1944–45, Father Middendorf, as rector of the Stegen monastery, hid nine persecuted Jews. | 1994 |
Maimi from Mirbach | Cellist and member of the Confessing Church. Helped Fritz Hirschfeld to emigrate in 1938 . Several times she hid Jews wanted by the Gestapo in her house to save them from deportation. | 1981 | |||
Johann Mitschke | 2013 | ||||
Georg Möhring | Husband of Dorothea Zimmermann. | 2011 | |||
Annemarie Moller | 2009 | ||||
Elisabeth Möller | 2011 | ||||
Richard Möller | Husband of Elisabeth Möller | 2011 | |||
Karin Morgenstern | Marianne Ellenbogen, the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943. One of these members was Karin Morgenstern, who lived in Braunschweig with her two daughters . Karin Morgenstern and Hedwig Gehrke took turns taking in Marianne Ellenbogen in autumn 1943. They hid them and provided them with food. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp . | 2004 | |||
Gertrud Mörike | Supported her husband Otto Mörike in rescuing persecuted Jews. | 1970 | |||
Otto Mörike | Hidden persecuted Jews and organized hiding places for them in other places. | 1970 | |||
Richard Ernst Moser | May 13, 1885 | April 5th 1967 | Hamburg , Kogel | Merchant. For his long-time Jewish colleague Wilhelm Bernstein, he first obtained the release from prison in the concentration camp and later enabled him to emigrate to America via Holland. He provided material support to his parents who remained in Hamburg until they were deported. On his estate in Vietow near Sanitz in Mecklenburg, he temporarily hid his Jewish brother-in-law Philipp Rappaport and his family from Nazi persecution, so that they all survived. | 2001 |
Elfriede Most | Berlin | Sister of Grete Most. The Most family, Arthur, Gerd, Fritz, Elfriede and Grete, took the Jewish Hanni Weißenberg into hiding in their house until November 1943 and kept in contact with her later. | 1978 | ||
Grete Most | Berlin | Sister of Elfriede Most. The Most family, Arthur, Gerd, Fritz, Elfriede and Grete, took the Jewish Hanni Weißenberg into hiding in their house until November 1943 and kept in contact with her later. | 1978 | ||
Ernst-Bruno Motzko | 1969 | ||||
Fritz Mühlhoff | 1978 | ||||
Fritz Mueller | Poland | Ignatz Bucholz hid from the Gestapo after his escape from the ghetto | 1984 | ||
Gerhard Müller | 1985 | ||||
Maria Muller | Wife of Gerhard Müller. | 1985 | |||
Frieda Mueller | Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias Müller played an important role in the rescue of the Jewish Herzberg family from Mannheim in February and March 1945. Karl Herzberg, a wealthy Jewish textile merchant from Gdansk, had lived in Mannheim since he was a child and married one here gentile woman. His wife joined the Jewish community, as did their three children - a son and two daughters. According to the Nuremberg Laws, the three siblings were considered Jews ( valid Jews ), and the Herzberg family was persecuted like any other Jewish family in National Socialist Germany. Nonetheless, the mother's ancestry helped to protect the Jewish husband and two daughters - the son had managed to emigrate to Great Britain in 1938 - from deportation until very late in the war. In February 1945, the Gestapo asked all three to report for transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . From then on, Georg Hammer and his daughter Gertrud, Wilhelm Bürger as well as Frieda and Mathias Müller helped to save the three persecuted:
Herzberg's former business partner Wilhelm Bürger, who had already supported the Herzberg family with ration cards in 1944, decided - when he noticed that the Americans were not far away - to find temporary shelter for the Herzbergs. He initially brought the family up with Gertrud Hammer and her father Georg. Although they did not know the Herzbergs, both daughter and father were willing to give the persecuted family temporary refuge in their house in the nearby town of Schönau (now part of Mannheim). Since the twin households of the Hammers were noisy, 16-year-old Doris Herzberg fell ill with pneumonia and there were constant air raids on Mannheim, Wilhelm Bürger later found a more suitable shelter in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg with Frieda Müller and her husband Mathias. The persecution of the Herzberg family ended here on April 1, 1945, when the Americans marched into Ziegelhausen. |
1978 | |||
Mathias Mueller | Husband of Frieda Müller. | 1978 | |||
Herta Müller | 1971 | ||||
Kurt Mueller | March 3, 1902 | December 22, 1958 | Stuttgart-Degerloch | Pastor Kurt Müller hid several Jewish people in the Reformed rectory of Degerloch as part of the Württembergische Pfarrhauskette underground organization and in cooperation with Vicar Margarete Hoffer (Schwenningen) and parish assistant Elisabeth Braun (Gerstetten) from the access of the National Socialist state authorities. | 2012 |
Karl Muttje | 1975 | ||||
Max Naujocks | Naujocks and his wife Herta, who were of Jewish origin but converted to Christianity, hid the Jewish Weiss family in their house in the Malchow district of Berlin. Moritz Weiß was discovered and murdered by the Nazis. However, thanks to Naujock's help, his wife and daughter, Regina and Ellen, survived. | 2011 | |||
Ella Neubauer | April 16, 1904 | Kallinchen | Ella Neubauer and her husband Kurt Neubauer hid their former employer Hermann Hersz Kranz, his wife Leonore and their son Fredy in their apartment from August 1943 to May 1945 and provided them with food. The Kranz family had previously been hidden by Anna Gutsmann, also a former employee of Hermann Herz Kranz. | 2010 | |
Kurt Neubauer | January 30, 1903 | May 11, 1975 | Kallinchen | 2010 | |
Hilde Neyses | Wife of [Joseph Neyses] | 1981 | |||
Joseph Neyses | November 10, 1893 | May 23, 1988 | The Neyses hid a Jewish acquaintance from 1944 until the end of the war. | 1981 | |
Maria Nickel | 1968 | ||||
Otto Nickel | 1969 | ||||
Fritz Niermann | September 24, 1898 | March 9, 1976 | eat | Grocer Fritz Niermann kept four women hidden in his house at Markscheide 50 in Essen- Altendorf for four weeks until the Americans marched into Essen on April 11, 1945 . They fled on the way from the Humboldtstrasse satellite camp to work at Friedrich Krupp AG . Niermann also kept other Russian slave laborers hidden. | 1985 |
Edith Noerenberg | Daughter of Gertrud and Otto Noerenberg. | 1978 | |||
Gertrud Noerenberg | 1978 | ||||
Otto Noerenberg | 1978 | ||||
Johan Carl Nurnberger | 2013 | ||||
Norberta Obloeser | 2013 | ||||
Heinz Odenthal | Cologne , Rolandseck near Remagen , Bonn | Save Salamon and Henriette Jacoby together with their daughter Hildegard Schott. See also: Josephine Odenthal , Sibylla Cronenberg , Katharina Bayerwaltes | 2005 | ||
Josephine Odenthal | Cologne , Rolandseck near Remagen , Bonn | Heinz Odenthal's wife (see above). | 2005 | ||
Charlotte Oewerdieck | In 1939 the Oewerdieck family made it possible for the businessman Arno Lachmann to emigrate to Shanghai with his wife and elderly father with financial support. During the war they hid the office worker Martin Lange in their apartment and shared food and clothes with him. | 1978 | |||
Erhard Oewerdieck | Husband of Charlotte Oewerdieck. | 1978 | |||
Friedrich Carl von Oppenheim | Provided aid to persecuted Jews in the Netherlands. | 1996 | |||
Josef Otten | December 10, 1903 | July 31, 1979 | Dusseldorf | 2015 | |
Maria Otten | June 17, 1904 | June 6, 1959 | Dusseldorf | Wife of Josef Otten. Starting in autumn 1944, the couple hid the 59-year-old Jew Emanuel Nooitrust, who lived in Essen, in their cellar in Düsseldorf for nine months and provided him with food. A little later his 68-year-old brother Salomon (Sally) Nooitrust from Düsseldorf, father-in-law of Peter Belgo junior (a brother of Maria Otten), was accepted there. This enabled both of them to survive the Holocaust. | 2015 |
Adolf Otto | 2011 | ||||
Aenne Otto | 1982 | ||||
Willi Otto | Husband of Aenne Otto. | 1982 | |||
Kathe Overath | Catholic. Using a ruse, freed a Jewish woman and her non-Jewish husband from a collection point for deportations, and hid the couple and their daughter. | 1992 | |||
Cornelie Pachali | July 24, 1923 | August 10, 2006 | Berlin - Tiergarten | Wife of Rudolf Pachali. The couple hid Ruth Lilienthal . | 2016 |
Rudolf Pachali | November 11, 1914 | October 7, 2005 | Berlin - Tiergarten | Husband of Cornelie Pachali. The couple hid Ruth Lilienthal . | 2016 |
Melida palm | Warsaw | Marta Heuer (née Palme) and her mother Melida Palme hid the Jew Maria Abramska, her husband and the five other family members Fela and Heniek Schwarzfuchs as well as Renia, Jacob and Alina Goldspiegel in their vacant apartment in Warsaw from mid-1943 to August 1944. | 1975 | ||
Otto Pankok | June 6, 1893 | 20th October 1966 | Pesch near Münstereifel | 2013 | |
Hulda Pankok | February 20, 1895 | September 8, 1985 | Pesch near Münstereifel | Wife of Otto Pankok. The couple hid the painter Mathias Barz and his Jewish wife Hilde Stein in their house . | 2013 |
Erika Patzschke | Berlin | Erika Patzschke and her husband Herbert Patzschke, Gertrud Kochanowski and her father as well as Dorle and Albert Heuer had hidden the Jewess Margot Bloch with them from 1942 to 1945. | 1976 | ||
Herbert Patzschke | Berlin | 1976 | |||
Hedwig Pauli | March 4, 1891 | January 28, 1980 | Sister of Anne Dudacy | 1996 | |
Olga Paulo | 1994 | ||||
Vincent Paulo | Husband of Olga Paulo. | 1994 | |||
Felicia Pauselius | 2001 | ||||
Hubert Pentrop | 1965 | ||||
Rolf Peschel | 1997 | ||||
Ernst Peacock | December 30, 1906 | March 1, 2003 | Pfau hid Gustel Wagner and her family members in his wooden hut near Bad Dürkheim. | 1975 | |
Stephan Hubertus Pfürtner | November 23, 1922 | 2nd July 2012 | As a soldier, Pfürtner helped three Jewish women to escape from the Stutthof concentration camp in November 1944 and hid one of them in his parents' house in Danzig. | 2006 | |
Helene Pissarius | 2010 | ||||
Paul Pissarius | Husband of Helene Pissarius | 2010 | |||
Karl Plagge | July 10, 1897 | June 19, 1957 | Vilnius | German officer in the Wehrmacht , last Major , who during World War II assigned him Jewish least 250 forced laborers before the assassination in the Vilna Ghetto of Nazism preserved. From 1931 until he left the NSDAP in 1939. As a major, from 1941 Plagge was in charge of the Army Motor Vehicle Park (HKP) 562 East in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Thanks to his constant efforts to bring Jews to his labor camp and also to keep families together, around 250 of over 1000 Jews imprisoned were able to survive the Holocaust. These - the others were tracked down and murdered - managed to survive in hiding places they had prepared themselves until the final occupation of Vilnius by the Red Army due to Plagge's warning about the takeover of the camp by the SS. |
2004 |
Dorothee Poelchau | 1971 | ||||
Harald Poelchau | Husband of Dorothee Poelchau. Prison pastor , religious socialist . Helped numerous Jews to go into hiding. | 1971 | |||
Agneta Pohl | 1994 | ||||
Angela Pohl | 1994 | ||||
Lili Pollatz | Wife of Manfred Pollatz | 2013 | |||
Manfred Pollatz | Reform pedagogue , Quaker . After emigrating to the Netherlands, the Pollatz couple founded a home with a small school for refugee children from Germany. First and foremost, they took in "half-Jews" there. After the German occupation, ten Dutch Jewish children between the ages of two months and three years were hidden by the Pollatz family. Of the 28 German-Jewish children known by name who found refuge in the Pollatz home, 23 survived the Nazi era. | 2013 | |||
Hedwig Porschütz | Daughter of Hedwig Voelker . Stenographer, hid and supplied Jews with forged papers and food. Her application for recognition as politically persecuted, made in 1956, was rejected because of her "dishonorable way of life"! | 2012 | |||
Christian Pütz | Rheidt | Adele Köhn (née Pütz) and her parents Christian Pütz and Christine Pütz saved the life of the Jewish foster child Karola Stern. Karola Stern was accepted into her family by Christina and Christine Pütz in 1938. The family looked after their foster daughter for the next six years. Even after the Gestapo arrested their foster daughter in 1944 and subsequently escaped, they were able to support Karola Stern and find a new hiding place for her with a cousin of Adele Köhn in Silesia. | 1985 | ||
Christine Pütz | Rheidt | 1985 | |||
Erna Raack | Daughter of Ida and Ernst Scharf . | 2012 | |||
Gerhard Radke | February 18, 1914 | July 24, 1999 | Belgrade | Radke was stationed as a soldier near Belgrade. A Jewish family who had fled from Belgrade also lived in the house in which he was staying. Radke helped them get the passports they had left behind in Belgrade by driving them to their apartment in a military vehicle and breaking the seal. He then got them all the travel documents they needed to travel to Palestine before he was transferred to the Russian front. | 1977 |
Gerd Ramm | September 14, 1906 | April 27, 1968 | Gerd Ramm acquired several companies in Berlin and northern Germany in the 1930s - e. Partly by Jews who had to flee Germany - and thus achieved prosperity. Jewish forced laborers also worked in his workshops in Prenzlauer Berg . The German nationalist merchant was a staunch opponent of National Socialism.
He warned his forced laborers of an impending raid and offered them hiding places. So hid u. a. Konrad Friedländer, his father Bernhard Friedländer, the Jewish textile merchant Alfred Boehm and Heinz Jacobius, who fled the Gestapo in 1941, in the company or in the Charlottenburg apartment. His wife and little daughter also lived in the latter. Ramm used part of his fortune to pay for false papers for his charges. The postal ID cards were relatively easy to obtain, but they did not stand up to closer scrutiny. For 6,000 RM each , he bought ID cards for Heinz Jacobius and Konrad Friedländer from a corrupt office worker in the high command of the Wehrmacht . The documents identified them as civil servants for the agency. Heinz Jacobius was arrested at the end of 1944 and deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto , but survived. The other men mentioned went undetected in Berlin. Gerd Ramm saved at least ten lives and received the Federal Cross of Merit in 1959 . |
2009 | |
Alois Rauch | 2013 | ||||
Maria Rauch | 2013 | ||||
Charlotte Rebhun | 1997 | ||||
Eberhard Rebling | December 4, 1911 | August 2, 2008 | Musician, anti-fascist. Rebling bought a house in the Netherlands under a false name in early 1943 and offered shelter for up to 20 Jewish refugees. | 2007 | |
Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen | August 11, 1884 | February 1945 | Bavaria | Husband of Irmgard Reck-Malleczewen; Participation in the rescue of Max Bachmann, Albertine Herda (née Gimpel) and Richard Marx. | 2014 |
Irmgard Reck-Malleczewen | 1912 | 1999 | Bavaria | Wife of Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen; Participation in the rescue of Max Bachmann, Albertine Herda (née Gimpel) and Richard Marx. | 2014 |
Gisela Reissenberger | 1987 | ||||
Paul Rentsch | September 29, 1898 | May 8, 1944 | Berlin | Dentist, resistance fighter. Together with Georg Groscurth , Robert Havemann and Herbert Richter, he was one of the authors of the manifesto "The future of tomorrow will be a united socialist Europe", which was written on July 15, 1943. It was intended to prepare the armed uprising against the National Socialist dictatorship . The group also helped underground Jews by providing them with false identity papers. | 2005 |
Herbert Richter | August 5, 1901 | May 8, 1944 | Berlin | Architect. For Harro Schulze-Boysen's resistance network , he obtained information from the General Staff of the Air Force High Command (OKL). Richter was one of the founders of the European Union resistance group in 1939, along with the doctor Georg Groscurth , the chemist Robert Havemann and the dentist Paul Rentsch | 2005 |
Emma Richter | April 20, 1891 | Berlin | From November 1938 the Jewish woman Meta Sawady lived with her while she was forced to do forced labor in a factory. Sawady was arrested during the factory action, but was able to flee while being transported to Auschwitz and hide with Richter. After six months in Richter's apartment, she was taken to a summer house outside Berlin because of the increasing risk of air raids. Richter visited Sawady there daily and provided her with food. She also sent food parcels to Sawady's relatives in the Theresienstadt concentration camp . | 1964 | |
Walter Riecke | 1971 | ||||
Grete Rönnfeldt | November 6, 1901 | 1981 | Neuenhagen near Berlin | In 1943 Grete Rönnfeldt took a Jewish youth, whose nanny she had been, into her family when he was threatened with deportation. He stayed with her until the end of the world war. | 2003 |
Ida Röscher | 2004 | ||||
Selma Rosemann | 2001 | ||||
Paula Rosen | 2012 | ||||
Emma Rosenthal | 2013 | ||||
Alfred Rossner | Textile merchant. As a trustee for expropriated Jewish companies in annexed Upper Silesia, he saved Jewish slave laborers and their relatives from being deported to the extermination camps. | 1995 | |||
Else Rouge | 1978 | ||||
Walter Rozenkranz | 1975 | ||||
Eduard Rügemer | 1883 | 1955 | Tarnopoly | Rügemer helped Irene Gut hide twelve Jews in Tarnopol who survived as a result of this relief measure, including Roman Haller . | 2012 |
August call | A Catholic clergyman, "enemy of the state in priestly garb", helped a Jewish doctor widow to flee to Switzerland. | 2004 | |||
August Sapandowski | June 17, 1882 | March 10, 1945 | 2004 | ||
Artur a pity | ? | Białystok | Hid Jews twice in his apartment during SS raids and helped them escape from the Bialystok ghetto to the Jewish underground movement. Schade not only supported the people he hid, but also Jewish partisan groups with food, medicine, maps and weapons. (For literature see article on Otto Busse (resistance fighter) ) | 1995 | |
Hildegard Schaeder | April 13, 1902 | April 11, 1984 | Berlin-Dahlem | Member of the Confessing Church . She supplied u. a. imprisoned and hiding Jews with food. She was arrested on September 14, 1943 and spent most of the time in the Ravensbrück concentration camp until the end of the war . | 2000 |
Anni Schallenberg | 2007 | ||||
Bertram Schallenberg | Husband of Anni Schallenberg. | 2007 | |||
Johanna Schallschmidt | 1982 | ||||
Ernst Sharp | 2012 | ||||
Ida Scharf | 2012 | ||||
Heinz Scheidling | 1990 | ||||
Helene von Schell | 2000 | ||||
Gisela Scherer | 1971 | ||||
Josy Scherer-Hoffmann | 1971 | ||||
Elisabeth Schiemann | August 15, 1881 | 3rd January 1972 | Berlin | Biologist, criticized the racial policy of the National Socialists, member of the professing church | 2014 |
Emilie Schindler | October 22, 1907 | October 5, 2001 | Wife of Oskar Schindler. | 1993 | |
Emma Schindler | 2013 | ||||
Oskar Schindler | April 28, 1908 | October 9, 1974 | employed 1200 Jewish slave laborers during the 2nd World War and thus saved them from certain death. | 1993 | |
Bartholomäus Schink | November 27, 1927 | November 10, 1944 | Schink was first a member of the Edelweiss Pirates , then the Ehrenfeld group in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne . This committed numerous food and gun thefts in the destroyed Cologne, but also hid forced laborers , Jews in hiding and deserters. | 1982 | |
Elsa Schleiermacher | 1985 | ||||
Walter Schleiermacher | Husband of Elsa Schleiermacher. | 1985 | |||
Arthur and Paula Schmidt | November 7, 1887 | 4th July 1959 | Berlin, where | Arthur Schmidt and his second wife Paula, a merchant couple from Berlin, hid the seven Jewish children of Alexander (converted to Judaism) and Pauline Weber, nee. Banda (Jewish; murdered in Auschwitz in 1943) from Berlin in a warehouse for vegetables in Worin (behind the inn "Zum Grünen Wald") and thus withdrew her from the Nazis' access. The NSDAP mayor of Worin, Rudi Fehrmann covered the action. Arthur Schmidt himself owned several storage and sales facilities for fruit and vegetables in Berlin. In the vicinity of Berlin, the Schmidt family had owned several of their own growing areas for vegetables and associated warehouses for generations, including the warehouse in Worin, which was used as an intermediate store for vegetables and in which the seven Jewish children were hidden. After Arthur Schmidt's apartment in Berlin was destroyed as a result of the Second World War, he and his wife Paula temporarily moved into a small, renovated house that was next to the warehouse in Worin. His two sons from his first marriage, Arthur and Gerhard Schmidt, also lived for a short time in and around Worin. Arthur Schmidt died on July 4th, 1959 in Berlin. Paula Schmidt died on November 23, 1979 in Berlin. Arthur and Paula Schmidt were honored as Righteous Among the Nations from Germany on March 14, 2018 on behalf of the Schmidt family by grandson Arthur Schmidt in Jerusalem in Yad Vashem. | 2015 |
Meta Schmitt | 1979 | ||||
Änne Schmitz | December 13, 1911 | December 11, 1999 | Änne Schmitz, a trained bookbinder, was a member of the SPD and of the “ Bund - Community for Socialist Life ”. She and her friends from the “Bund” helped those persecuted by the Nazi dictatorship . The Jewish woman Marianne Strauss-Ellenbogen was hidden underground by the “Bund” and her life was saved. | 2004 | |
Elisabeth Schmitz | August 23, 1892 | September 10, 1977 | Berlin | In 1935 she wrote a memorandum on the situation of German non-Aryans , in which she accurately forecast what would happen to her fellow Jewish citizens after National Socialism. Your warnings - especially in the direction of the Evangelicals and here especially the Confessing Church - remained ineffective. She quit school after the November pogroms in 1938. Active support of persecuted Jews. | 2011 |
Christa Schneider | October 5, 1920 | 2002 | |||
Dorothea Schneider | November 18, 1889 | Mother of Christa Schneider. | 2002 | ||
Ella shock | 2013 | ||||
Emil shock | 2013 | ||||
Anna Schönberner | 1997 | ||||
Gertrud Schönberner | Mother of Anna Schönberner. | 1997 | |||
Oskar Schönbrunner | September 15, 1908 | November 18, 2004 | Schönbrunner was the paymaster of the German military administration between 1941 and 1943 , and by deceit obtained the release of Jewish prison inmates. | 1977 | |
Maria Schönebeck | 1901 | 1950 | Berlin | From 1943 until the end of the war, Maria Schönebeck, along with Emma Harndt and Ida Jauch, hid the well-known Jewish entertainer, presenter and director Hans Rosenthal in an allotment garden in Berlin. | 1977 |
Karl Schörghofer Junior | ? | Munich | Together with his parents Karl and Katharina, he was involved in hiding seven Jews from the Gestapo and looking after them. | 1968 | |
Karl Schörghofer Senior | 1879 | Munich | Schörghofer Senior was the cemetery administrator of the new Jewish cemetery . During the Holocaust, he not only defended the gravestones of the cemetery against the destruction of the Nazis, but together with his family also hid seven Jews from the Gestapo and provided them with essentials. When, after 14 months, the hidden men and women were betrayed by an informer, most of them were able to flee and two were taken to concentration camps. Although the Gestapo threatened the family with deportation to the Dachau concentration camp if Jews went into hiding again, the Schörghofers hid one of the refugees again. Together with Joseph Sebastian Cammerer , Karl Schörghofer senior saved a woman in 1944 and brought her to live with his daughter Martha in Miesbach . | 1968 | |
Katharina Schörghofer | ? | Munich | Together with her husband Karl and their children, she hid seven Jews from the Gestapo. When, after 14 months, the hidden men and women were betrayed by an informer, most of them were able to flee and two were taken to concentration camps. Although the Gestapo threatened the family with deportation to the Dachau concentration camp if Jews went into hiding again, the Schörghofers hid one of the refugees again. | 1968 | |
Martha Schörghofer-Schleipfer | ? | Miesbach | Martha Schörghofer-Schleipfer hid a Jewish woman who had been brought to her by her father Karl Schörghofer Senior for over a year until the end of the war in 1945 . | 1968 | |
Sonja Schreiber | November 17, 1893 | eat | Marianne Ellenbogen, the last survivor of the Jewish Ellenbogen family, had been hidden by several members of the Bund resistance group around Artur Jacobs since August 1943. One of these members was Sonja Schreiber from Essen. From the end of August, Sonja Schreiber took her elbows in for a few weeks, hid them and provided them with food. In 1946 Marianne Ellenbogen was able to emigrate to Great Britain. All of her relatives died in Auschwitz concentration camp . | 2004 | |
Hedwig Schrödter | 1993 | ||||
Otto Schrödter | Husband of Hedwig Schrödter. | 1993 | |||
Gustav Schröder | September 27, 1885 | 1959 | Atlantic | Schröder was the captain of the Hapag passenger ship St. Louis . In 1939 the ship sailed from Hamburg to America with over 900 Jewish refugees on board, but there they were turned away by both Cuba and the USA. Back in Europe, Schröder did everything possible to avoid having to return to Germany; he even considered setting the ship aground off Great Britain. Finally, various countries agreed to accept the Jews on board. | 1993 |
Hanning Schröder | 4th July 1896 | October 16, 1987 | From early 1944 to March 1945, Hanning Schröder and Cornelia Schröder-Auerbach hid a Jewish couple (Werner and Ilse Rewald) in their Berlin apartment at Quermatenweg 148 in Steglitz-Zehlendorf and saved them from certain death. | 1978 | |
Franz Schürholz | 1973 | ||||
Eduard Schulte | January 4, 1891 | January 6, 1966 | In the opinion of Bernward Dörner , the industrialist Schulte was "probably the most important individual from whom the international public learned that Hitler actually wanted to physically exterminate all European Jews in his domain" | 1988 | |
Anni Schulz | 1988 | ||||
Gustav Schulz | Anni Schulz's husband. | 1988 | |||
Frieda Schulze | 1978 | ||||
Käthe Schwarz | 1971 | ||||
Wolfgang Schwarz | As a youth, Wolfgang Schwarz was involved in the resistance against National Socialism with the Ehrenfeld group within the Cologne Edelweiss Pirates . The group hid Ehrenfeld's Jews in the rubble and provided them with (often stolen) food. | 1984 | |||
Maria Schwelien | 1985 | ||||
Gerhard Schwersensky | 1985 | ||||
Use Schwersensky | Wife of Gerhard Schwersensky. | 1985 | |||
Konrad Schweser | November 16, 1899 | February 28, 1975 | Teplyk | Schweser was a German builder who served as a town builder in Poland from June 1940 to October 1941, helping Jews by procuring additional food. He then worked for the Todt Organization in Ukraine until the end of the war. There he saved the lives of at least 44 Jews by hiding them from members of the SS. In 1971 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit. | 1968 |
Herta Seebass | 2004 | ||||
Julius Seebass | Husband of Renata Seebaß and father of their children Ricarda and Renata Seebaß. | 2004 | |||
Renata Seebass | 2004 | ||||
Ricarda Seebass | 2004 | ||||
Esther-Maria Seidel | 1982 | ||||
Hans Seidel | Husband of Esther-Maria Seidel. | 1982 | |||
Maria Seitz | 1987 | ||||
Wilhelm Seitz | Husband of Maria Seitz. | 1987 | |||
Kurt Seligmann | If a Jewish woman and her daughter were hiding, she kept providing them with money and food. | 2006 | |||
Annemarie Sell | 1981 | ||||
Helmuth Sell | Husband of Annemarie Sell. | 1981 | |||
Gertie Siemsen | 2002 | ||||
Heinrich Silkenböhmer | 1965 | ||||
Ellen Christel Simons | 1988 | ||||
Erna Simons | Mother of Ellen Christel Simons. | 1988 | |||
Margarete Sommer | July 21, 1893 | June 30, 1965 | Kleinmachnow , Berlin | Sommer hid Sonja Schönerstedt in 1944, initially in her Kleinmachnow apartment and later with nuns. A twelve-year-old girl was hidden in various children's homes under her protection until 1945. | 2003 |
Hans Söhnker | October 11, 1903 | April 20, 1981 | Wünsdorf | Söhnker hid the persecuted (Ludwig Lichtwitz, Werner Scharff, Kurt Hirschfeldt) in the weekend house on Lake Wünsdorfer near Zossen in Brandenburg | 2018 |
Walter Sunday | 2003 | ||||
Hannah Sotschek | Mother of Eva Cassirer. | 2011 | |||
Senta Woodpecker | 1997 | ||||
Else Spisky | 1990 | ||||
Wilhelm Spisky | Husband of Else Spisky. | 1990 | |||
Otto M. Springer | 1986 | ||||
Vojislav Stefanovic | 1979 | ||||
Stefan Steinbacher | Son of Therese. | 2013 | |||
Therese Steinbacher | 2013 | ||||
Gertrud Steinl | March 17, 1922 | March 16, 2020 | Graslitz / Kraslice | Steinl hid Sarah Shlomi (née Fröhlich), a Jew, in her parents' house, where she survived from 1943 until the end of the war without being recognized. | 1979 |
Elfriede Stichnoth | 1985 | ||||
Elisabeth Stippler | 1984 | ||||
Karl Stippler | Husband of Elisabeth Stippler. | 1984 | |||
Annemarie Stockmann | 2010 | ||||
Karl Stockmann | Together with Annemarie (Dietrichs) and daughter Margret Verhaak. | 2010 | |||
Hans Stockmar | During the National Socialist regime, Hans Stockmar maintained close contact with his former Jewish colleague Joseph Gelbart († 1942), who was deported to the Warsaw ghetto. | 2001 | |||
Eugene Stöffler | Husband of Johanna Stöffler, daughter Ruth Stöffler. | 1998 | |||
Johanna Stöffler | 1998 | ||||
Ruth Stöffler | 1998 | ||||
Eva Stoll | Daughter of Gaby Gaebler and wife of Walter Stoll. | 1980 | |||
Walter Stoll | Husband of Eva Stoll. | 1980 | |||
Fritz Strassmann | In the spring of 1943, Fritz Straßmann and his wife hid a Jewish woman in their apartment in Berlin for two months; she survived the war. | 1985 | |||
Friedrich Strindberg | Hid Jews in his apartment with his wife. | 2001 | |||
Utje Strindberg | Wife of Friedrich Strindberg. | 2001 | |||
Grete Ströter | 2004 | ||||
Hermann Südfeld | At Yad Vashem (probably accidentally) listed as Bernhard Südfeld | 1965 | |||
Hans Sürkel | 1980 | ||||
Werner Sylten | Sylten was a Protestant pastor of Jewish descent. He helped save the lives of more than a thousand “non-Aryan” Christians by making emigration possible. | 1979 | |||
Horst Symanowski | He smuggled several bombed-out Jews from Berlin to East Prussia in order to secretly house them there. The Symanowski family placed a Jewish family in their own apartment at risk of death. | 2002 | |||
Isolde Symanowski | Wife of Horst Symanowski. | 2002 | |||
Anna Tervoort | 1997 | ||||
Frieda Szturmann | June 12, 1897 | 1962 | As a “homeworker” in Staaken near Spandau, she hid the Jew Cecilie Rudnik and her daughter from the Gestapo. | 2013 | |
Luise Teske | 2009 | ||||
Wilhelm Teske | Husband of Luise Teske. | 2009 | |||
Edwin Tietjens | March 20, 1894 | May 22, 1944 | From 1943 on, Tietjens and his wife Luigina von Fabrice hid the Jewish factory worker Ruth Heynemann and her mother in their house and got them forged papers. | 1997 | |
Gina Tietjens | 1997 | ||||
Albrecht Tietze | Husband of Gina Tietjens. | 1970 | |||
Use Totzke | 4th August 1913 | March 23, 1987 | She made no secret of her opposition to the Nazi regime.
In 1942 and 1943 she tried - unfortunately in vain - to smuggle Jewish women across the border into Switzerland. |
1995 | |
Ernst Treptow | 1988 | ||||
Maria Treptow | Wife of Ernst Treptow. | 1988 | |||
Joseph Tudyka | 2006 | ||||
Georg Ufer | 1980 | ||||
Margaret Verhaak | Daughter of Karl and Annemarie Stockmann (Dietrich) | 2010 | |||
Hedwig Voelker | 2012 | ||||
Herbert Vogt | 1979 | ||||
Emma Forest Helmet | Wife of Fritz Waldhelm, daughter Ilse Waldhelm together. | 2002 | |||
Fritz Waldhelm | 2002 | ||||
Use forest helmet | 2002 | ||||
Hans Walz | From 1938 to 1940, Walz financed the emigration of Jews. | 2002 | |||
Ludwig Walz | From 1934 until 1942 he drove once a week at night to Buttenhausen, 35 kilometers away, to the local Jewish community in order to supply them with food. He also supported them with food when they were deported to Riga and Theresienstadt. | 1974 | |||
Herta Webber | 1965 | ||||
Elisabeth Weeg | 1990 | ||||
Ludwig Weeg | Husband of Elisabeth Weeg. | 1990 | |||
Armin T. Wegner | October 16, 1886 | May 17, 1978 | In April 1933, Armin T. Wegner protested against the persecution of the Jews in an open letter to Adolf Hitler. The letter was not published by any newspaper, whereupon Wegner sent it directly to the Brown House . Shortly afterwards, he was arrested, tortured and detained for several months for this. | 1967 | |
Otto Weidt | May 2, 1883 | December 22, 1947 | Owner of a broom and brush bindery classified as an "important military operation". He was able to protect and care for his mostly Jewish employees from deportation through bribery and forgery. a. Inge Deutschkron , Hans Israelowicz and Alice Licht. He hid the Horn family in a back room of his workshop for nine months. Shortly before the end of the war, he drove to Auschwitz, helped his friend Alice Licht escape during the death march from one of the Groß-Rosen subcamps and hid her in a room he had rented. | 1971 | |
Eugen Weiler | 2004 | ||||
Agnes Wendland | At the risk of her life, she and her daughter Ruth hid and protected persecuted Jews in the parish parsonage during the Second World War. | 1975 | |||
Ruth Wendland | Daughter of Agnes Wendland. | 1975 | |||
Paula Wendt | 2004 | ||||
Franz Weschenfelder | 1976 | ||||
Helen Weschenfelder | Wife of Franz Weschenfelder. | 1976 | |||
Adolf Wiegel | 2005 | ||||
Frida Wiegel | Wife of Adolf Wiegel. | 2005 | |||
Irmgard Wieth | 1968 | ||||
Frieda Winkler | 1982 | ||||
Hans Winkler | Husband of Frieda Winkler. | 1982 | |||
Trude Wisten | 1994 | ||||
P. Witkowski | 1979 | ||||
Susanne Witte | 1998 | ||||
Alfred Wohlgemuth | 2013 | ||||
Ludwig Woerl | February 28, 1906 | August 27, 1967 | As a camp elder in the Dachau and Auschwitz concentration camps , he provided medical care to prisoners and saved the lives of some. | 1963 | |
Alexander Wolf | 1996 | ||||
Elena Wolf | Wife of Alexander Wolf. | 1996 | |||
Elisabeth Wust | November 1, 1913 | March 31, 2006 | In addition to her lover, Elisabeth "Lilly" Wust hid three other Jewish women in her apartment | 1995 | |
Karl Zacherl | 1980 | ||||
Walburga Zacherl | Wife of Karl Zacherl. | 1980 | |||
Joachim von Zedtwitz | June 11, 1910 | October 10, 2001 | Zedtwitz repeatedly brought Jews via Mährisch-Ostrau to the border to Poland in his car, from where they were brought to temporary security by local smugglers. | 1994 | |
Erika Zeise | 2006 | ||||
Ludwig Zeise | Husband of Erika Zeise. | 2006 | |||
Elsbeth Zeller | 2007 | ||||
Hermann Konrad Zeller | (1883–1953), German pastor, husband of Elsbeth Zeller. | 2007 | |||
Gustav Zenker | May 5, 1905 | 1998 | Mülheim an der Ruhr | In the winter of 1943, Mathilde and Gustav Zenker hid the Jewish woman Marianne Strauss (born June 7, 1923) from the Gestapo overnight. | 2004 |
Mathilde Zenker | Mülheim an der Ruhr | born Schäfer, wife of Gustav Zenker | 2004 | ||
Konrat Ziegler | January 12, 1884 | January 8, 1974 | Berlin , Osterode am Harz | Ziegler helped a Jewish friend to emigrate in 1938 and was then sentenced to prison. Freed again and bombed out, he hid his former Jewish colleague Kurt Latte in Osterode. | 2000 |
Ruth Zielinski | Krakow | Ruth Zielinski belonged to a family of German descent who had come to Krakow from the Sudetenland . In July 1942, Bernard Dov Kimel and his wife arrived in Krakow. You traveled with false "Aryan" papers. The Kimel couple asked Ruth Zielinski, who had previously worked as the housekeeper for Ms. Kimel's sister, for help. Ruth Zielinski took her in without hesitation and, despite objections from other family members, housed her in her apartment in Krakow for three months. | 1991 | ||
Berta Zimmermann | September 27, 1902 | November 14, 1937 | 2013 | ||
Dorothea Zimmermann | Wife of Georg Möhring | 2011 | |||
Rudolf Zogelmann | 2002 | ||||
Agnes Zubeil | Berlin | Gustav Zubeil and his wife Agnes hid the Jewish couple Witkowski in their boat on the Spree in Berlin-Treptow after the couple had to go underground after February 27, 1943. The Witkowskis kept them for several months in the Zubeils' riverboat until they could find an alternative hiding place at Herta Müller's in Berlin-Weißensee . | 1976 | ||
Gustav Zubeil | Berlin | 1976 |
See also
literature
- Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations : Germans and Austrians. Edited by Daniel Fraenkel (German), Jakob Borut (Austrian). Translation into German by Uwe Hager. With a foreword by Avner Shalev and an afterword by Horst Köhler . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 (English original edition edited by Israel Gutman with the help of Sara Bender).
- Anton Maria Keim (Ed.): Yad Vashem: Die Judenretter from Germany. From the Hebrew speak. by Benyamin Z. Barslai . Matthias-Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-7867-1085-6 ; Christian Kaiser Verlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-459-01523-3 .
Web links
- Chronological list of Germans who have been honored as "Righteous Among the Nations" in Yad Vashem. (No longer available online.) In: geschichtsatlas.de. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018 ; Retrieved June 10, 2019 (1963-2003; includes 392 names).
- Paul Thoben: Chronological list of the German righteous. (No longer available online.) In: heinrich-middendorf-oberschule.de. Formerly in the original (no relevant mementos). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
swell
- Righteous Among the Nations from Germany on the website of the Yad Vashem Memorial, accessed on May 17, 2017; u. a. with a list of Germans ( Memento from July 5, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 230 kB; as of January 1, 2016)
- Righteous Among the Nations Honored by Yad Vashem by 1 January 2019. GERMANY. Status: January 1, 2019 (English; yadvashem.org [PDF; 619 kB; May 12, 2019, accessed July 1, 2020]).
Individual evidence
- ^ Names and Numbers of Righteous Among the Nations - per Country & Ethnic Origin, as of January 1, 2019. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed February 2, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bach Arno & Margarete. Retrieved July 23, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bartlakowski Leonard. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Barwitzky Claire on the Yad Vashem website , accessed on May 17, 2017.
- ↑ Seev Goshen: Albert Battels resistance to the extermination of the Jews in Przemysl . Miscell. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . tape 33 , no. 3 . Walter de Gruyter, 1985, ISSN 0042-5702 ( ifz-muenchen.de [PDF; 671 kB ; accessed on September 17, 2018] detailed description of the actions).
- ↑ Joachim Käppner : In the darkness. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . October 24, 2009, p. V2 / 6.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bernhardt Herbert & Ella. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Biel by Wilhelm. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Erlenmeyer Ekkehard. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Blochwitz Else. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Block Irene (alley). In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020 .
- ^ Mathilde Böckelmann honored as righteous. In: embassies.gov.il. Embassy of the State of Israel in Berlin, November 24, 2016, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ^ Mathilde Böckelmann, The Righteous Among the Nations Database. In: yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. The world holocaust remembrance center, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bollen Helena. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 13, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bongers August; Son: Ludwig. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 17, 2020 (English).
- ↑ a b c The Righteous Among The Nations. Müller FAMILY. Müller Kurt (1902-1958). In: db.yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 8, 2019 (in English, on Kurt Müller, Elisabeth Braun and Margarete Hoffer).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bross August. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Günther Schwarberg : "Run, Shifra, run!" (PDF; 347 kB) In: kinder-vom-bullenhuser-damm.de. Association of children from Bullenhuser Damm e. V., January 18, 2014, p. 1 , accessed on June 10, 2019 (originally published in: Ossietzky . Zweiwochenschrift für Politik, Kultur, Wirtschaft. 2005).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Buchholz Valeska (Koenig). In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 15, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Buengener Erich & Erika. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 20, 2020 (English).
- ↑ a b c The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Burger Wilhelm. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 20, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Bunke Adolf & Frieda (Mudlagk). In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Calogeras Ursula (Meissner). In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 17, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Cammerer Josef. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - David Paul & Regina; Daughter: Margit. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 23, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Not identical with Paul Dietrich . Paul and Hilde Dietrich - courageous people from Thuringia. Medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. (No longer available online.) In: fvks.projektonline.info. Förderverein Kulturstadt Görlitz-Zgorzelec , archived from the original on May 1, 2018 ; Retrieved on September 17, 2018 (with reference to the Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations . 2nd edition. Göttingen 2005, p. 95).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Dipper Theodor & Hildegard. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 23, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Dobbeck Margit. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 23, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Driessen Maria. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 29, 2020 .
- ↑ Heinz Droßel : The time of the foxes. Life memories from dark times. 2nd edition Waldkircher Verl.-Ges., Waldkirch 2001, ISBN 3-87885-338-6 , pp. 88 f., 162 f., 256.
- ↑ Sebastian Werner: The national ideologue. In: Ronald Smelser , Enrico Syring , Rainer Zitelmann (eds.): The brown elite. Part 2: 21 further biographical sketches (= WB-Forum. Vol. 80). 2nd updated edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1999, DNB 955920124 , p. 23.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Ebert Günther & Therese. In: yadvashem.org. Accessed June 30, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - One of Gottfried. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Elsner Henri & Else. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Filing Jean. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Hans Feyerabend wanted to save the lives of 3,000 Jews. In: Berliner Zeitung . November 25, 2015, accessed June 12, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Fleischer Emil; Daughter: Gabriele. Retrieved July 13, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Flemming Liselotte. Retrieved July 13, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Friedrich Peter. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Gertrud Fröhlich is “Righteous Among the Nations”. In: welt.de. Die Welt , March 29, 2000, accessed May 17, 2017.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Froehlich Gertrud. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved July 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Mentioned in the list by Yad Vashem: Dutch Righteous Among the Nations. (PDF; 906 kB) (No longer available online.) In: yadvashem.org. February 15, 2016, p. 25 , archived from the original on May 1, 2018 ; accessed on September 3, 2018 (English, January 1, 2016).
- ↑ Quotation from Claus Victor Bock: In hiding among friends. A report, Amsterdam 1942–1945. 3rd, through Ed. Castrum-Peregrini-Presse, Amsterdam 1989, ISBN 90-6034-053-1 ; and Friedrich W. Buri: I gave you the torch in leaps and bounds. W. F. A memory report. Edited and with an afterward by Stephan C. Bischoff. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86650-068-6 .
- ↑ Reference by the WERNER RI law firm to the deeds of the former partner RA Dr. Fritz Fuchs and his wife Auguste. In: facebook.com, accessed May 17, 2017; the note contains a link to the article Nazi era. Courageous helpers out of conviction. In: ksta.de. Cologne city indicator . November 29, 2013, accessed May 17, 2017 (with further information).
- ↑ Uta Böker: The ceremony in Bergisch Gladbach village square bears the name of courageous rescuers. In: ksta.de. Cologne city indicator. April 19, 2015, accessed on May 17, 2017 (report on the inauguration of “Auguste-und-Fritz-Fuchs-Platz”).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Fullmann Elli. Retrieved July 14, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gansz Liesel; Mother: Luise. Retrieved July 14, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Entire Hanni. Retrieved July 16, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Garbrecht Willi. Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Garzke Elise (Paulick). Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gehrke Hedwig. Retrieved July 19, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gerbrand Gustav & Klara; Daughter: Christl. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gerschuetz Severin & Anastasia. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gessler Elisabeth (Leja). Retrieved July 21, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gilles Albert & Marga (Honecker). Retrieved July 23, 2020 .
- ↑ Gertrud & Reverend Otto Mörike. (No longer available online.) In: yadvashem.org. 2014, archived from the original on April 6, 2013 ; accessed on April 13, 2019 (English).
- ↑ Gräbe's report on the murder of the Jews of Dubno is documented in: Nationalrat der Nationalen Front (Ed.): Braunbuch - War and Nazi criminals in the Federal Republic and in Berlin (West). Documentation Center of the State Archive Administration of the GDR, State Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin (East) 1965, OCLC 221670679 , p. 71 f .; (3rd ed.), Reprint of the edition [Staatsverl. der DDR, Berlin] 1968. Ed. by Norbert Podewin. With a critical appreciation and a conversation with Gerhard Dengler . Ed. Ost, Berlin [2002], ISBN 3-360-01033-7 .
- ↑ Wolfram Wette : Denied Heroes. The memory of the resistance against the Nazi regime was not a matter of course after the war. Even those silent resisters who had rescued the persecuted were openly hostile. In: The time . No. 46, November 8, 2007, p. 96 ( zeit.de [accessed on September 3, 2018]).
- ↑ a b c Gravestone of Fritz Ascher and Martha Grassmann on Wikimedia Commons .
- ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin P Rep. 520 No. 46 and P Rep. 570 No. 1304.
- ↑ Rachel Stern: Fritz Ascher: A life in art and poetry. In: To Live is to Blaze with Passion: The Expressionist Fritz Ascher / Leben ist Glühn: Der Expressionist Fritz Ascher. Exhibition catalog. Edited by Rachel Stern and Ori Z. Soltes. Wienand, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-86832-361-0 , pp. 18–63, here: pp. 39–41.
- ^ Sachsenhausen concentration camp, instructions from the Political Department of December 23, 1938, Sachsenhausen archive D1A / 1022, p. 581; Old signature: R 228 / M 137, sheet 028 (provenance of the original: Russian State Military Archives Moscow 1367/1/22, sheet 581) and special list from December 24, 1938, Sachsenhausen archive D1A / 1022, sheet 581; Old signature: R 228 / M 137, sheet 028 (provenance of the original: Russian State Military Archives Moscow 1367/1/22, sheet 581).
- ↑ Rachel Stern: Fritz Ascher: A life in art and poetry. In: To Live is to Blaze with Passion: The Expressionist Fritz Ascher / Leben ist Glühn: Der Expressionist Fritz Ascher. Exhibition catalog. Edited by Rachel Stern and Ori Z. Soltes. Wienand, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-86832-361-0 , pp. 18–63, here: p. 37.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Griesmann Alfred & Luise. Retrieved July 23, 2020 .
- ↑ Anton Posset: “I couldn't help it” . Walter Groos was sent by his company to the "Ringeltaube" armaments project as construction manager. He didn't look away, didn't shut up and helped the Jewish concentration camp inmates with whom he worked. Only now, 15 years after his death, did Walter Groos' commitment receive a late award. In Yad Vashem he was honored as “Righteous Among the Nations”. In: Bürgerervereinigung Landsberg in the 20th century (Hrsg.): Landsberg in the 20th century. Special issues Landsberger contemporary history . The extermination of the Jews in the armaments project "Ringeltaube". The Kaufering / Landsberg concentration camp command in 1944/1945. Issue 4. European Holocaust Memorial Foundation, 2017, ISBN 3-9803775-3-9 , ISSN 0945-9901 , p. 8th f . ( landsberger-zeitgeschichte.de [PDF; 1,2 MB ; accessed on September 17, 2018] PDF excerpt).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Groscurth Georg & Anneliese (Plump). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Heimatmuseum Reinickendorf (ed.): Stolpersteine Berlin - Reinickendorf: Wachsmuthstraße 9 . Life path of Dr. Use Kassel. Berlin July 5, 2008 ( cms.spinnenwerk.de ( Memento from August 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 310 kB ; accessed on January 30, 2013]).
- ↑ Germans and Austrians . In: Daniel Fraenkel (ed.): Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 127–128 ( previewed in Google Book Search [accessed March 5, 2013]).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Groyen Wilma (Althoff). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Grueber Karl. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gruenberg Maria (Albrecht). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gutsmann Anna. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ↑ a b Israel honors Hans Söhnker as "Righteous Among the Nations". The former public prosecutor Heinz Gützlaff is also posthumously honored for his rescue of a Berlin Jew. In: juedische-allgemeine.de, October 31, 2018, accessed on February 4, 2019.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Haardt Herbert & Maria. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Haertel Erna. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ A b The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kaeferle Marie (Haefner); Mother: Haefner Marie (Hold). Retrieved July 26, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hagemann Gerhard & Wally; Daughter: Arnold Gertrud (Hagemann); Daughter: Janicke Maria (Hagemann); Daughter: Wirsig Monika (Hagemann). Retrieved July 27, 2020 (English).
- ^ Buchenwald Concentration Camp and the Rescue of Jews. (No longer available online.) In: yadvashem.org. 2013, archived from the original on April 16, 2013 ; accessed on April 13, 2019 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Mueller Carola (Hammer). Retrieved July 27, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hassenstein Liselotte. Retrieved July 28, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Havemann Robert. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Heine Fritz. Retrieved July 29, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Heinen Heinrich. Retrieved July 29, 2020 .
- ↑ Josef Heinen made his weekend house available to the Jewish Sonnenfeld family as a hiding place (1942–1945). (No longer available online.) In: rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de. Landschaftsverband Rheinland , archived from the original on November 10, 2016 ; accessed on April 13, 2019 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Held Heinrich. Accessed July 30, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hellenbrandt Werner & Liselotte. Accessed July 30, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Helmrich Donata. Accessed July 30, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Helmrich Eberhard. Accessed July 31, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hensel Marie-Louise. Accessed July 31, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Herd Herbert. Retrieved August 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Otto Herrmann named “Righteous Among the Nations” - a communist prisoner had campaigned for his fellow Jewish prisoners. In: derstandard.at. The standard . April 20, 2005, accessed May 18, 2012.
- ↑ a b The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Palme Melida; Daughter: Heuer Marta (palm). Accessed August 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Memorial plaque in Hemmingen, July 2010.
- ↑ a b Yad Vashem gives Cardinal Joseph Höffner the title “Righteous Among the Nations”. Cardinal Karl Lehmann pays tribute to the services of the Höffner siblings. In: dbk.de. German Bishops' Conference . Press release, October 31, 2003 - No. 0 [sic!], Accessed on May 22, 2017.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hoeffner Joseph; Sister: Hesseler Helene (Hoeffner). Accessed August 2, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hinz Hermann & Clara (Plage). Accessed August 2, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hirschfeldt Edith (Berlow). Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
- ^ Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.): Baden and Europe 1918 to 2000. Guide through the regional and cultural history department [of the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe]. Edited by Brigitte Heck, Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 2004, ISBN 3-88190-365-8 , p. 30 ( scan in Google book search).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hohmann Fritz & Rosa (Eppler). Retrieved August 6, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Holschke Alfred; Son: Walter; Daughter: Beutelspacher Ursula (Holschke). Retrieved August 6, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Holzmann Helene. Retrieved August 7, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Stefanie Maeck: Officer Wilm Hosenfeld. The Nazi who saved Jews and Poles . In: Der Spiegel . November 23, 2015 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 27, 2018]).
- ^ A b The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Juenemann Georg; Daughter: Huenerfeld Josephine (Juenemann). Retrieved August 7, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Hutsch Erika. Accessed August 9, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Impekoven Frieda (Kobler). Accessed August 10, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Jacobs Helene. Accessed August 10, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Jogmin Otto. Retrieved August 11, 2020 .
- ^ A b The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Jovy Michael. Retrieved August 11, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kahl Fritz & Margarete. Retrieved on August 12, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Karnop Helmut; Mother: Maria. Retrieved August 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Klara Kaus. In: raoulwallenberg.net. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, accessed January 5, 2018.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kerner Paul & Helene (Szlany); Son: Paul. Retrieved August 13, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Heretic Arthur. Retrieved on August 15, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kiefer Rudolf & Lina. Retrieved on August 15, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kochan Klara. Retrieved August 17, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kochanowski Gertrud (Lessie); Father: First name unknown. Accessed August 18, 2020 .
- ^ A b The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Puetz Christian & Christine; Daughter: Koehn Adele (Puetz). Retrieved on August 19, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kohl Max. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
- ↑ a b eh: Yad Vashem honors Bavarian couple for rescuing Jews at the end of the war. In: Israel Network . September 24, 2019, accessed October 1, 2019 .
- ^ A b The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kranz Willy. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Cancer Paul. Retrieved on August 21, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kreddig Walter & Anny (Lobback). Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Johanna and Lothar Kreyssig receive the honor “Righteous Among the Nations” . In: Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste e. V. (Ed.): Characters . Facets of the Reformation. tape 45 , no. 1 , 2017, ZDB -ID 8912-6 , p. 4 , ASF: Kurznachrichten ( asf-ev.de [PDF; 2.5 MB ; accessed on September 17, 2018]).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kretchmar Hedwig. Retrieved on August 21, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kruell Guenter. Retrieved August 22, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Krumme Werner. Retrieved on August 23, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kulka Walter & Luise. Retrieved on August 23, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Kunze Frieda. Retrieved on August 23, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Gerhard Kurzbach. Retrieved on August 24, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Laabs Karl. Retrieved on August 24, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Feuerherm Wanda; Daughter: Lagrange Vera (Feuerherm). Retrieved on August 24, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Landmann Otto. Accessed August 26, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Freytag Evert. Accessed August 26, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Latte Ellen (Brockmann). Retrieved August 28, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Lauche Otto & Maria (Hahn). Retrieved August 28, 2020 .
- ^ Barbara Stühlmeyer , Ludger Stühlmeyer : Bernhard Lichtenberg. I will follow my conscience (= Topos pocket books. Volume 835). Butzon & Bercker (Topos plus Verlagsgemeinschaft), Kevelaer 2013, ISBN 978-3-8367-0835-7 .
- ↑ Max Liedtke. The righeous among the nations data base. In: yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem. The world holocaust remembrance center, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Lissack Frieda (Schneider). Retrieved July 23, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d Walter Kern: Silent Heroes from Essen. Resisting the Persecution 1933–1945 . Old Synagogue Essen, Essen 2014, ISBN 978-3-924384-41-8 , p. 66-73 .
- ↑ a b Memorial plaque in Essen-Altendorf , formerly at House Markscheide 50.
- ↑ The Police in National Socialism - student work by the Police Department of the University of Applied Sciences in FFB. In: Kreisbote.de. Kreisbote , March 2, 2012, accessed on April 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Mensching, Wilhelm. Act 9242. In: Germans and Austrians (= Israel Gutman [Hrsg.], With the collaboration of Sara Bender: Lexicon of the Just Among the Nations ). Edited by Daniel Fraenkel ( German ), Jacob Borut ( Austrian ). Translation into German by Uwe Hager. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 195 ( preview in the Google book search).
- ↑ Chronological list of the Germans who have been honored as "Righteous Among the Nations" in Yad Vashem. (No longer available online.) In: geschichtsatlas.de. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018 ; accessed on June 10, 2019 (Wilhelm Mensching under no.349).
- ^ Wilhelm Mensching. (No longer available online.) In: geschichtsatlas.de. Archived from the original on January 21, 2018 ; accessed on June 10, 2019 .
- ^ Matthias Schreiber: Mensching, Wilhelm. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3 , Sp. 1269-1270.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Morgenstern Karin. Retrieved July 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Gerda Altpeter, née Rappaport. Youth! Germany 1918–1945. In: jugend1918-1945.de. NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne, April 25, 2016, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Eberhard Busch : Kurt Müller - lawyer for those persecuted under National Socialism . Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-7668-4316-6 , foreword, p. 11 f ., here: p. 11 ( calwer-stiftung.com [PDF; 44 kB ; accessed on July 8, 2019]).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Neubauer Kurt & Ella (Brennemann). Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Pachali Cornelie (1923-2006). In: db.yadvashem.org, accessed May 24, 2018.
- ↑ Pachali Rudolf (1914-2005). In: db.yadvashem.org, accessed May 24, 2018.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Patzschke Herbert & Erika. Accessed August 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Pfau, Ernst. File 0263. In: Germans and Austrians (= Israel Gutman [Hrsg.], With the collaboration of Sara Bender: Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations ). Edited by Daniel Fraenkel ( German ), Jacob Borut ( Austrian ). Translation into German by Uwe Hager. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , p. 219 ( preview in the Google book search).
- ↑ Johannes Tuchel (editor): With false papers. In: Silent Heroes Memorial Center - Resistance to the persecution of the Jews 1933–1945. 2nd Edition. Silent Heroes Memorial at the Foundation German Resistance Memorial Center , Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-926082-36-7 , S. (9-10 gedenkstaette-stille-helden.de [accessed on 17 May 2017]).
- ↑ Gerd Ramm (1906–1968). In: yadvashem.org. Yad Vashem - The Authority to Commemorate the Martyrs and Heroes of the Holocaust, accessed February 17, 2014 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Rentsch Paul. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Judge Herbert. Retrieved July 25, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database , Yad Vashem March 14, 2018, accessed October 6, 2019.
- ↑ (inn): Yad Vashem honors German couple. In: israelnetz.de. Israelnetz , March 15, 2018, accessed March 30, 2018.
- ↑ Hans Holzhaider : Silent Heroes. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. 1./2. September 2018, p. 11 ff. (Presentation of the event).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Schmitz Anne. Retrieved July 19, 2020 .
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - scribe Sonja. Retrieved July 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Joachim Jauer , Bodo Bost: Father Paul Cahensly and Margarete Sommer: Zwei Menschenretter. In: Christ in the Present . July 5, 2015, accessed April 16, 2019.
- ↑ Elisabeth Stiefel: You were a mess. Women in resistance. Francke , Marburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-86827-493-6 (including a chapter on J. Stöffler).
- ↑ a b Zenker Family. In: yadvashem.org, accessed May 25, 2017.
- ^ According to Yad Vashem; according to the birth register of the registry office Schönebeck, 1905, No. 56: February 5 , 1905.
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - Zielinski Ruth. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 16, 2020 (English).
- ^ The Righteous Among the Nations Database - accessory Gustav & Agnes. In: yadvashem.org. Retrieved June 16, 2020 (English).