Federal roads in Austria
Federal roads in Austria are high-ranking, mostly intersection-free trunk roads in accordance with the Federal Roads Act . These are divided into motorways (federal highways A) and expressways (federal highways S) , are federally owned and managed by ASFINAG . Up to the year 2002 there were also the federal highways B , which were allocated to the respective countries with the federal highways transmission law 2002 .
history
An imperial patent from 1726 designated important thoroughfares as the main commercial routes . From then on, these roads were maintained and expanded at the expense of the state, which was partly financed by tolls. In the late 19th century, these streets were known as Reichsstraßen. In border regions of high strategic importance, for example along the Italian border, road construction was advanced with state funds.
The federal law of July 8, 1921 (Federal Roads Act 1921) declared the most important thoroughfares in Austria (with a total length of 3620 km) to be federal roads. The ordinance of the federal government of June 9, 1933 expanded the network of federal roads, which from then on comprised 4,437 km. According to Article 10, Paragraph 1, Item 9 of the Federal Constitutional Act, the federal government is responsible for legislating and enforcing all streets that have been declared to be federal highways due to their importance for through traffic.
After Austria was annexed to the German Reich, the Austrian federal highways were either converted into Reichsstraßen or declared state roads of the first order in the course of the standardization of the road system, which was implemented on April 1, 1940 . Through the Federal Roads Act of February 18, 1948, the thoroughfares (with a total length of 5072 km) were again declared to be federal roads. In 1949, 1950 and 1951 roads with a total length of 1000 km each were taken over as federal roads, so that the federal road network in 1951 comprised around 8100 km.
Until 2002 there was a division according to the federal highways law into federal road A (highways), federal road S (expressways) and federal road B. The designation "federal road" in the street name, however, only had those with B numbers, e.g. B. "Brno Federal Road", therefore only these roads were and will continue to be understood as federal roads in the vernacular .
What all three street types had in common, in addition to the numbering and the long name, was that they were federally owned and the federal government was the street maintainer (→ classification of streets according to the street maintainer ). Deviating from the term in the Federal Roads Act, there were federal roads with priority (rectangular blue board) and federal highways without priority (round yellow board) and the highways under road traffic law . The highways were road traffic law as either a highway or motorway signposted, with different rights and obligations of road users (→ classification according to the Highway Code ).
In particular on Vienna, the federal highways in the local area had the effect that Vienna, as a city or state, could not influence changes in these important thoroughfares and was dependent on the approval and regulations of the federal government as the maintainer and owner of these streets.
- Transfer to the Länder
With Art. 5 of the Federal Roads Transmission Act 2002 of March 29, 2002, List 3 - Federal Roads B of the Federal Roads Act was repealed. Some streets have been transferred to directory 1 (federal highways A - motorways) and directory 2 (federal highways S - expressways). By far the largest part was abandoned as federal highways B and taken over by the federal states through opposing federal road takeover laws into the state road network. The term federal road has been removed from the road traffic regulations , the federal roads have been replaced with roads with priority and the federal roads without priority have been deleted without replacement. The remaining federal highways A and S had already been transferred to the administration of ASFINAG as road maintenance company in 1996. The requirements for the federal highways S have been increased, so that these can only be run free of intersections.
The following streets, which previously had the rank of a federal highway B, were converted into a federal motorway or federal expressway and thus also placed under Asfinag administration:
- B 180 Reschen Strasse ( Landecker Tunnel ) → A 12 Inntal Autobahn
- B 227 Donaukanal Straße ( north bridge ) → A 22 Donauufer motorway
- B 302 Wiener Nordrand Strasse → S 2 Wiener Nordrand expressway
- B 304 Stockerauer Straße → S 5 Stockerauer Schnellstraße
- B 307 Parndorfer Straße → A 6 north-east motorway
All remaining federal highways B were abandoned as federal highways and taken over by the respective federal states as state roads, which now have the sole ownership of these and the sole administrative sovereignty over these roads. This ended the previous nationwide uniform structure. Depending on the federal state, different names now apply to these former federal highways. The designations are determined by the state laws of the individual federal states.
In Vorarlberg there were no number overlaps with the previous L state roads, so all former roads with B numbers were assigned the respective L number.
In Vienna , all local streets have so far been divided into main and secondary streets . The existing main roads are now a main street A , transferred from federal roads as main road B , respectively.
In all other federal states the designation Landesstraße B applies .
The previous street name (e.g. Angerner Straße ) is still in use, as is the blue number plate under the sign “Priority Street ”.
Although the designation as a federal road is now incorrect because these roads have been translated into national competence, it is still used in general parlance, but also by some radio stations in traffic reports. In addition, there may be difficulties in understanding, because the continuous street usually has the name of the most important place or another important point along the entire route, but the street name within the individual places is based on their usual rules. As a result, the streets there often have a different or even several names; for example, the term “main street” is often found.
Development of the federal road network 1948–2002
Development of the federal road network based on the historical Federal Law Gazettes:
- Main version of the Federal Roads Act - B. St. G. of February 18, 1948, Federal Law Gazette No. 59/1948 , announced on April 1, 1948 (PDF).
The law came into force on May 1, 1948 and was designated as the Federal Roads Act 1948 after 1971 for differentiation purposes. The federal road directories contained therein (total length of the federal highways contained in the master version 8,145 km) came into force as follows:- Federal road directory A, came into force on May 1, 1948, total length: 5072 km;
- Federal road directory B, came into force on January 1, 1949, total length: 1025 km;
- Federal road directory C, came into force on January 1, 1950, total length: 1011 km;
- Federal road directory D, came into force on January 1, 1951, total length: 1037 km.
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Ordinance: Numbering of federal roads and declaration of such roads as priority roads , July 30, 1949, Federal Law Gazette No. 238/1949 .
The regulation came into force with regard to the im- Federal roads directory A, B and C listed federal roads as of January 1st 1950;
- Federal roads directory D listed federal roads as of January 1, 1951.
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Amendment to the Federal Roads Act , June 2, 1954, Federal Law Gazette No. 127/1954 .
Amendment entered into force with regard to im- Federal roads directory E listed federal roads with July 1, 1954. Extension of the federal road network.
- Federal road directory F listed federal road on July 1, 1954. The designation federal road 'A' (motorway) is introduced for the first time: Vienna - State border Walserberg (310 km) with junction to Salzburg-Anif (8.1 km); later known as the A1 West Autobahn .
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New amendment to the Federal Roads Act , March 12, 1958, Federal Law Gazette No. 56/1958 .
Amendment entered into force with regard to im- Federal road directory F listed federal road on July 1, 1954. The route Vienna - Salzburg , later the western motorway , was extended to include feeder branches Vienna-Siebenhirten - Kirchstetten, the later A 21 Vienna outer ring motorway , and Freindorf near Linz to the federal road in Linz-Bindermichl.
- Federal road directory G listed federal road on March 1, 1958. For the first time, the route Vienna - Siebenhirten - state border next to Arnoldstein was introduced as the federal highway Vienna - Villach . Furthermore, the Siebenhirten route to Angerner Bundesstrasse near Aderklaa, the later A 23 Südosttangente to Hirschstetten and later the B 302 Wiener Nordrand Strasse .
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New amendment to the Federal Roads Act , March 18, 1959, Federal Law Gazette No. 100/1959 .
Amendment entered into force with regard to im- Federal roads directory H listed federal roads on April 1, 1959. Extension of the federal road network by 918 km.
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Amendment to the Federal Roads Act , May 17, 1961, Federal Law Gazette No. 135/1961 .
Amendment entered into force with regard to im- Federal roads list I listed federal roads on June 1, 1961 Extension of the federal road network by 44.4 km (simultaneous removal of 38 km from directory D).
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Federal Highway Law
amendment 1968 of March 7, 1968, Federal Law Gazette No. 113/1968 The amendment to the law came into force on May 1, 1968.- For the first time in brackets for the streets of the federal road directories A, B, C, D, E, H, I and J, the word sequence federal roads
- to the federal road directories F, G, K, L the word sequence federal roads A was added for the first time in brackets to the streets .
- In addition to small changes in the federal road network B
- the route Südautobahn was in directory G ,
- In the directory K, the routes Inntalautobahn , Brennerautobahn , Rheintalautobahn , Nordostautobahn , Ostautobahn , Nordautobahn and Innkreisautobahn were amended and
- A federal road directory L was added with effect from May 1, 1968 with the Tauernautobahn and Pyhrnautobahn routes .
Numbering and naming
Federal roads have a numbering and a long name.
On July 30, 1949, the Federal Ministry for Trade and Reconstruction issued an ordinance on the numbering of federal roads. This number directory originally included the federal highways 1 to 203. The numbers 11–15, 26–30, 41–45, 55–60, 71–75, 86–90, 101–105, 116–120, 131–135, 146– 150,, 176–180 and 191–195 have been reserved as placeholders for future network expansions.
- The current federal highways are dealt with in the list of motorways and expressways in Austria .
- The former federal highways B , which have been state roads since 2002 , are on the list of former federal highways in Austria .
The 300 number group
The road numbers B 3xx were once used for particularly high-ranking federal highways B, which were later to be replaced by an expressway (S xx). The latter roads were therefore called replacement roads , with a number 300 lower for the planned expressway (e.g. B 306 for the S 6). While new high-level streets were long referred to as B 3xx, after 2000 there was a return to the S xx designations.
- B 301 Wiener Südrand Strasse
- As a planned project, it was the subject of heated discussions for a long time and has now been built on the Vösendorf – Schwechat route as the Vienna outer ring, expressway S1. In the 1970s, today's B 3 through the Marchfeld was also named as a preliminary stage of a possible Marchfeld expressway to Bratislava (Marchfeld replacement road) . In the main street directory of the City of Vienna, the street between Raffineriestraße and Finsterbuschstraße along the Lobau was briefly named that way.
- B 302 Wiener Nordrand Strasse
- This road - also partly called S 22 according to the Federal Roads Act of 1983 - was once to be led from the south-east bypass Vienna A 23 near Hirschstetten in a north-westerly curve via Gerasdorf to the Danube bank motorway A 22 near Strebersdorf. The sections from the A 22 to the B 3 (“Prager Straße” in Floridsdorf) and from the A 23 to the B 8 already exist, but the plans were abandoned and the latter section was finally renamed the Vienna north edge expressway S 2. In the 1970s, today's B 227 was called that.
- B 303 Weinviertler Strasse
- Leads from Hollabrunn Süd in direct continuation of the Weinviertel expressway S 3 to the Czech state border near Kleinhaugsdorf . Until 1999, instead of the Hollabrunn – Kleinhaugsdorf line, the Hollabrunn – Horn – Czech state border near Neu-Nagelberg was designated as the B 303, with the entire street being called Waldviertler Strasse . The B 2 now bears this name, which used to lead from Hollabrunn as "Znaimer Straße" to Kleinhaugsdorf. The B 303 was planned as a preliminary stage to the S 3 expressway, parts of the Danube bank A 22 motorway were once also called that. Until July 31, 2009, the line from Stockerau to the state border was also designated as the B 303.
- B 304 Stockerauer Strasse
- Developed in the 1990s through the expansion of the B 3 between Tulln (subsequently Krems an der Donau) and Stockerau, which is why the B 3 has been interrupted since then. The route was later renamed Stockerauer Schnellstraße S 5, as the more obvious number S 4 was already taken.
- B 305 Wiener Nordostrand Strasse
- It connects Donau Straße B 3 with the S 1 junction Korneuburg-West and continues towards the Leobendorf / Korneuburg Kaserne roundabout. Another part of the B 305 originally planned as a northern bypass from Vienna merged into the Vienna outer ring expressway S 1 (as a continuation of the Vösendorf – Schwechat route in a north-eastern arc around Vienna).
- B 306 Semmering replacement road
- Designated the section of the former Triester Straße , and the further course that led over the Semmering Pass and was replaced by the Semmering expressway S 6 (today: nö. L 4168 former Semmering replacement road and Styrian L 118 Semmering accompanying road )
- B 307 Parndorfer Strasse
- It was planned as a state border road at Kittsee – Kittsee (B 50a) –Parndorf (A 4, B 50) and was ultimately implemented as the north-east A 6 motorway .
- B 308 Ennstal replacement road
- Was a designation planned until 1999 (since then B 320 Ennstal Straße), previously this number was planned for Klingenbacher Straße on the route Wulkaprodersdorf (A 3, B 16) - state border near Klingenbach, where a section of the southeast motorway A 3 is planned today .
- B 309 Steyrer Strasse
- Enns (A 1) - Steyr (B 115, B 122a).
- B 309a Ennser Strasse
- Runs as a local junction in Enns from the A 1 to the B 1.
- B 310 Mühlviertler Strasse
- Runs from Unterweitersdorf (A 7, B 125) via Freistadt to the state border near Wullowitz and was created by renaming the Prager Straße B 125. Today the Mühlviertel expressway S 10 is partially in operation on the route .
- B 311 Pinzgauer Strasse
- Runs on the Bischofshofen (A 10) –Zell am See – Lofer (B 178) route. It was once planned as the S 11 expressway.
- B 312 Loferer Strasse
- According to the Federal Highway Act of 1971, the Loferer Schnellstraße S 12 was to replace the Wiener Straße B 1 between Lofer and Wörgl. However, this expressway was not built, so the new Loferer Straße B 178 was set up in 1999 after the expansion plans were finally rejected.
- B 313 Seefelder Strasse
- According to the Federal Roads Act of 1971, the Seefeld expressway S 13 was to replace the then Scharnitzer Straße B 185. However, this expressway was not built, so the new Seefelder Straße B 177 was set up in 1983 after the expansion plans were finally abandoned.
- B 314 Fernpassstraße
- According to the Federal Roads Act of 1971, the Fernpass expressway S 14 was supposed to replace the former Reuttener Straße B 189. However, this expressway was not built, so the new Fernpassstraße B 179 was established in 1999 after the expansion plans were finally rejected. A section near Reutte has been developed as an expressway.
- B 315 Reschenstrasse
- According to the Federal Roads Act of 1971, the Reschen Schnellstraße S 15 was to replace the then Vinschgauer Straße B 187. However, this expressway was not built, so in 1999 a new federal road was set up as Reschenstraße B 180 after the expansion plans were finally rejected. At Landeck, the line was laid in a tunnel and this section was finally incorporated into the Inntal Autobahn A 12.
- B 316 Arlberg replacement road
- Was replaced by the Arlberg Schnellstraße S 16, the Tiroler Straße B 171 was extended with the remaining section to Flirsch / Pardöll.
- B 317 Friesacher Strasse
- Connection from St. Veit an der Glan via Friesach to Judenburg. Further expansion of the Murtal expressway S 36 and the Klagenfurt expressway S 37 is planned.
- B 318 Himberger Strasse
- Project in the course of the planned Südrandstrasse or S 1, also planned as B 233.
- B 319 Fürstenfelder Strasse
- Projected on the Riegersdorf (A 2) –Fürstenfeld – state border near Heiligenkreuz. Originated by renaming a section of Gleisdorfer Straße B 65. Today the Fürstenfeld expressway S 7 is being built there.
- B 320 Ennstal Strasse
- Runs on the Altenmarkt / Pongau (A 10) –Radstadt – Schladming – Trautenfels – Liezen – Selzthal (A 9, B 146) route. It was created by renaming the former Ennstal Straße B 146 and was and is also planned as a hotly debated expressway ("ennsnahe Trasse"), a short section of which was built near Liezen .
- B 331 Burgenland replacement road
- Has been replaced by the Burgenland expressway S 31 or partly the Burgenland road B 50.
- B 332 Ödenburger replacement road
- Project from the 1970s, today Ödenburger Straße B 16 or southeast motorway A 3.
- B 333 Kremser replacement road
- Was replaced by Kremser Schnellstraße S 33; Before the construction of the S 33, the current L 100 was called - B 333 “Kremser Bundesstrasse”.
- B 334 Traisental Strasse
- Projected road on the Sankt Pölten (A 1, S 33) –Wilhelmsburg (B 20) route or the preliminary stage of today's Traisental expressway S 34.
- B 335 Brucker replacement road
- Replaced by Brucker Schnellstraße S 35.
- B 336 Murtal replacement road
- Replaced by Murtal expressway S 36.
- B 337 Steyrer Ersatzstraße
- Project from the 1970s, today Steyrer Straße B 309.
- B 341 Salzburg replacement road
- Local project from the 1970s near the city of Salzburg, in this area the Salzburger Straße B 150 runs today .
- B 342 Pass Thurn replacement road
- Project from the 1970s, in this area the Pass Thurn Straße B 161 runs today .
Legal sources
- Federal law of July 16, 1971, on federal highways (Federal Highways Act 1971 - BStG 1971). StF: Federal Law Gazette No. 286/1971 (as amended online, ris.bka ) - in particular Annex Directory 1 federal highways A (federal highways ) and directory 2 federal highways S (federal highways) .
- Federal Road Transmission Act. StF: Federal Law Gazette I No. 50/2002 (as amended online, ris.bka).
State law and historical sources of law, see road system in Austria
Web links
- Street search: street course see the state GIS, topic traffic u. Ä. - the search or "i" shows the exact course and the running kilometers (can be switched on as a layer).
- Special map for Austria (" Street overview map of the Gau Ostmark") in the NITAG Atlas from 1938 with the street numbering that was in effect before the "Anschluss" to the German Reich on landkartenarchiv.de: https://landkartenarchiv.de/autoatlanten.php?q= nitag_deutschland_juli1938
Individual evidence
- ↑ Online via ALEX available here
- ↑ Ordinance of the Federal Ministry for Trade and Reconstruction of July 30, 1949 on the numbering of federal roads and the declaration of such roads as priority roads. Federal Law Gazette No. 238/1949
Federal highways A (motorways) •
Federal highways S (expressways)
State roads B (former federal roads) • State roads L (original state roads ): Burgenland •
Carinthia •
Lower Austria •
Upper Austria •
Salzburg •
Styria •
Tyrol •
Vorarlberg (only L) •
Vienna: main roads A •
main roads B
Map with all linked sites: 