List of spacemen by selection groups

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The list of astronauts according to selection groups shows the order in which the astronauts were selected in chronological order. Some astronauts worked in several programs. This is mentioned in the text.

1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1978 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009
2010 2012 2013 2017 2018
See also sources

1958

June 25th - "Man In Space Soonest" - USA

Neil Armstrong , William Bridgeman , Scott Crossfield , Iven Kincheloe , John McKay , Robert Rushworth , Joe Walker , Alvin White, and Robert White .
The first group of American astronauts in the program Man In Space Soonest (about man in space as soon as possible ), a US Air Force project selected. This group later became astronauts in the Apollo program and test pilots in the X-15 program.

1959

April 9th ​​- NASA First Group - Mercury Seven - USA

The so-called Mercury Seven were Scott Carpenter , Gordon Cooper , John Glenn , Gus Grissom , Walter Schirra , Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton .
While it is mostly believed that this was the first U.S. selection group, it is actually the second. It was for the Mercury program of NASA selected in April 1959th All seven candidates were military test pilots. This was a request by US President Eisenhower to simplify the selection process. The candidates eventually all went into space, only one, Deke Slayton, not on a Mercury mission. Instead, he was later on board with the Apollo Soyuz project in July 1975.

1960

March 7 - military pilots - Soviet Union

See main article First Cosmonaut Group of the Soviet Union
The first group of cosmonauts in the Soviet Union was selected from 20 pilots from the Soviet Air Force . It consisted of Ivan Anikejew , Pavel Belyayev , Valentin Bondarenko , Valery Bykovsky , Yevgeny Khrunov , Valentin Filatjew , Yuri Gagarin , Victor Gorbatko , Anatoli Kartashov , Vladimir Komarov , Alexei Leonov , Grigori Neljubow , Andrijan Nikolayev , Pavel Popovich , Mars Rafikov , Dmitri Saikin , Georgi Schonin , German Titow , Valentin Varlamow and Boris Wolynow .
Bondarenko died while in training. Kartaschow and Varlamow, later also Saikin, had to resign for medical reasons. Neljubow, Anikejew, Filatjew and Rafikow were expelled from the cosmonaut corps for disciplinary reasons. Of the remaining cosmonauts, two (Gagarin and Titow) were only used in the Vostok program , three more (Nikolajew, Popowitsch and Bykowski) in both the Vostok and Soyuz programs . Belyayev was only used in the Vozhod program , two more (Komarow and Leonow) at both Vozhod and Soyuz. Komarov was killed in the Soyuz 1 crash. Four more cosmonauts had to wait for the Soyuz program to be deployed. The last maiden flight was made by Gorbatko at Soyuz 7 in October 1969. From 1974 to 1980, Popowitsch, Wolynow, Bykowski and Gorbatko were still used on Salyut space stations.

April - Dyna Soar Group 1 - USA

In April 1960, seven men were selected for the Dyna Soar program: Neil Armstrong (previously in the MISS program), William Dana , Henry Gordon , William Knight , Russell Rogers , Milton Thompson and James Wood . Armstrong and Dana left the program in the summer of 1962.

1962

March 12 - Women's Group - Soviet Union

In March and April 1962, a group of five women was added to the cosmonaut corps: the pilot Valentina Ponomarjowa and Shanna Jorkina, Tatiana Kuznetsova , Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova , all of whom had parachutist experience . Tereschkowa flew into space with Vostok 6 in June 1963 . The others remained ready for a space flight with an all-female crew for several years, but it was never carried out.

September 17 - NASA Group 2 - The Next Nine (also The Nifty Nine ) - USA

A second group of nine astronauts was selected by NASA in September 1962. The group consisted of Neil Armstrong , Frank Borman , Charles Conrad , James McDivitt , Jim Lovell , Elliot Lake , Tom Stafford , Edward White, and John Young .
All of this group flew missions under the Gemini program except for Elliot Lake, which crashed while preparing for Gemini 9 . All other also flew Apollo missions except Ed White, who died in the Apollo 1 disaster . Three of the group (McDivitt, Borman and Armstrong) flew once each with Gemini and Apollo. Four others (Young, Lovell, Stafford, and Conrad) flew two Gemini missions and at least one Apollo mission. Young and Lovell flew regular Apollo missions twice, twice to the moon. Conrad and Stafford also flew a second time with Apollo spacecraft, Conrad as part of Skylab 2 and Stafford with the Apollo Soyuz project . Six of the group (Borman, Lovell, Stafford, Young, Armstrong, and Conrad) flew to the moon. Armstrong, Conrad, and Young also did EVAs on the moon. John Young later flew twice on a space shuttle and did not retire until 2004.

September 19 - Dyna Soar Group 2 - USA

In September Albert Crews joined the Dyna Soar program and the names of all the pilots involved were made public.

1963

January 10 - Military Pilots - Soviet Union

Yuri Artjuchin , Eduard Bujnowski , Lew Dyomin , Georgi Dobrovolsky , Anatoly Filipchenko , Alexei Gubarev , Vladislav Gulyaev , Pyotr Kolodin , Eduard Kugno , Anatoli Kuklin , Alexander Matintschenko , Vladimir Shatalov , Vitaly Scholobow , Lew Vorobyov , Anatoly Voronov
Bujnowski and Kugno did not complete their training, Guljajew had to leave the cosmonaut group in 1968 after an accident. Shatalov was the first of this group to fly into space with Soyuz 4 in January 1969 ; six other cosmonauts followed him, including Dobrowolski, who was killed in the Soyuz 11 accident in June 1971. As the last of this group, Gubarev was granted space travel status in January 1975 with Soyuz 17 . He also completed the last space flight of this group with Soyuz 28 in March 1978 . Kolodin, Vorobjow, Kuklin and Voronow were nominated several times for substitute teams, but did not make it into the main crew of a space flight. Matinchenko received no nomination.

Oct. 17 - NASA Group 3 - The Fourteen - USA

Edwin Aldrin , Bill Anders , Charles Bassett , Alan Bean , Eugene Cernan , Roger Chaffee , Michael Collins , Walter Cunningham , Donn Eisele , Theodore Freeman , Richard Gordon , Russell Schweickart , David Scott , Clifton Williams
Bassett, Chaffee, Freeman and Williams died before they could fly, Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire , the others in a plane crash.
All of the third group (except those who died earlier) flew under the Apollo program - Aldrin, Bean, Cernan and Scott were on the moon. Five (Aldrin, Cernan, Collins, Gordon and Scott) also flew on the Gemini program .

1964

January 25 - Post nomination - Soviet Union

Georgi Beregowoi
The Air Force of the Soviet Union suggested that in addition to the relatively young pilots of the first cosmonaut group, experienced officers should also be trained as cosmonauts. They should then take on management positions after a single space flight. Of the candidates, only Beregowoi was taken on and integrated into the training. Under pressure from the leadership, he was supposed to take over the next possible space flight, and so he was deployed with Soyuz 3 in October 1968 , earlier than the cosmonauts who had started the training before him.

May / June - Civil Cosmonauts - Soviet Union

The new, multi-seat Vozhod spaceship only needed a single pilot, so that the other places could be taken by other cosmonauts. Two civilians were wanted for the flight from Vozhod 1 in October 1964. The preselection was made by the development office OKB-1 , the Soviet Academy of Sciences , the Institute for Aerospace Medicine and the paramilitary Soviet aviation organization DOSAAF .
The selection of the candidates and the final occupation were not subject to any formal criteria and were hotly debated. The following people were proposed and some received a short training course:
Benderow left the training early. The choice for Vozhod 1 finally fell on Yegorow and Feoktistow. Jegorow, Polyakow and Sorokin then left the cosmonaut group. Lazarew, Volkov, Grechko, Kubasov, Makarow and Rukavischnikow later received full training and flew into space on Soyuz spaceships . Feoktistow and Katys also stayed in the cosmonaut group, but did not receive a nomination.

1965

June 1 Journalists - Soviet Union

Yaroslav Golovanov , Yuri Letunow , Mikhail Fedorovich Rebrow
Three journalists were selected in preparation for a Vozhod mission. After the program was discontinued, Golovanov and Letunov were released. Military journalist Rebrow stayed in the space program until 1974.

June 1 - Medic - Soviet Union

Evgeni Illjin , Alexander Kiseljow , Juri Senkjewitsch
Three doctors from the Institute for Biomedical Problems were selected for a planned long-term flight. The flight was canceled without replacement in preparation for the Soviet manned lunar program .

June 28 - NASA Group 4 - The Scientists - USA

Owen Garriott , Edward Gibson , Duane Graveline , Joseph Kerwin , Curt Michel , Jack Schmitt
Graveline left NASA after a few weeks, Michel in 1969 without his being used. Schmitt set foot on the moon with Apollo 17 . This resulted in a Skylab mission each for Garriott, Gibson and Kerwin, and Garriott also flew with the space shuttle .

October 28 - Military Group - Soviet Union

In the Soviet space program at that time there were several parallel space programs for which cosmonauts were needed. Although Kamanin , the head of cosmonaut training, had requested 40 new cosmonauts, the new training group consisted of only 22 candidates:
  • Air Force pilots: Anatoly Fyodorov, Pyotr Klimuk , Alexander Kramarenko, Ansar Sharafutdinov, Vasily Stscheglow, Leonid Kisim , Gennady Sarafanov , Alexander Skworzow, Valeri Voloshin
  • Air defense pilots: Oleg Jakowlew, Alexander Petruschenko
  • Military transport pilots: Vyacheslav Sudov ,
  • Air Force Engineers: Gennady Kolesnikov, Mikhail Lisun, Eduard Stepanov, Vladimir Preobrazhensky
  • Engineers of the strategic missile forces: Boris Belousov, Evgeni Chludejew, Juri Glaskow ,
  • Navy engineer: Valery Roshdestvensky
  • Air Force Navigator: Vitaly Grishchenko
  • Air Force Doctor: Vladimir Degtyarov
Degtyarov left the group on January 17, 1966 because of unsatisfactory performance. Kolesnikov did not complete the training for health reasons. Shortly after the end of their training, Belousov, Grishchenko, Kramarenko, Sharafutdinov, Skworzow and Voloshin had to leave the cosmonaut corps.
Since only the Almas and Salyut space stations and the Soyuz spacecraft remained of the planned projects , only six cosmonauts of this group came on a flight: Klimuk (three flights between 1973 and 1978), Sarafanow (1974), Sudow and Roschdestvensky ( both 1976), Glaskow (1977) and Kisim (three flights between 1980 and 1986).

November - USAF MOL Group 1 - USA

Michael Adams , Albert Crews , John Finley , Richard Lawyer , Lachlan Macleay , Francis Neubeck , James Taylor , Richard Truly .
This group was planned for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory of the US Air Force selected. Only one of the group, Richard Truly, was taken over by NASA after the MOL program was discontinued . He later flew on the space shuttle and was the first astronaut to become NASA director. Adams switched to the X-15 rocket aircraft program in 1966 , where he achieved astronaut status on his last flight, but had a fatal accident.

1966

January 17th - Successors - Soviet Union

Vasily Lazarev moved up to the previous year's training group for the resigned Degtjarjow . He had already completed a short training course as a science cosmonaut in the Woschod program in 1964, and now he has taken part in regular training as a Soyuz cosmonaut. He conducted a space flight in September 1973 as the commander of Soyuz 12 .

April 4th - NASA Group 5 - The Original 19 - USA

Vance Brand , John Bull , Gerald Carr , Charles Duke , Joe Engle , Ronald Evans , Edward Givens , Fred Haise , James Irwin , Don Lind , Jack Lousma , Ken Mattingly , Bruce McCandless , Edgar Mitchell , William Pogue , Stuart Roosa , Jack Swigert , Paul Weitz , Alfred Worden .
All of this group came into space with Apollo missions to Apollo 12 , with the exception of John Bull, who had to leave the astronaut group for health reasons, Edward Givens, who died, Joe Engle, who was replaced by Harrison Schmitt for Apollo 17 , and Bruce McCandless and Don Lind. Fred Haise and John Swigert flew Apollo 13 , Edgar Mitchell and Stuart Roosa flew Apollo 14 , while Alfred Worden and James Irwin flew Apollo 15 . Charles Duke and Ken Mattingly were on the Apollo 16 mission, Ron Evans on Apollo 17. Paul Weitz, Jack Lousma, Gerald Carr and William Pogue were on Skylab missions. Vance Brand was on board for the Apollo Soyuz project . Joe Engle and Fred Haise commanded teams in 1977 landing tests of the Space Shuttle Enterprise . Engle, Lousma, Mattingly, Brand, Weitz, McCandless and Lind later flew space shuttle missions.

May 23 - Civil Specialist Group 2 - Soviet Union

Sergei Anokhin , Vladimir Bugrov, Gennadi Dolgopolov, Georgi Grechko , Alexei Yeliseyev , Valery Kubasov , Oleg Makarov , Vladislav Volkov
Except for the test pilot Anochin, these were engineers from the aerospace design offices. Anochin, Bugrow and Dolgopolov soon had to leave the cosmonaut corps for medical reasons. The others were used on various Soyuz flights: Jelissejew with Soyuz 5 in January 1969 as the first, Grechko with Soyuz 17 in January 1975 as the last. Volkov was killed while flying Soyuz 11 .

June 30 - USAF MOL Group 2 - USA

Karol Bobko , Robert Crippen , Gordon Fullerton , Henry Hartsfield , Robert Overmyer .
This group was selected for the US Air Force's planned Manned Orbiting Laboratory. After the MOL program was discontinued, all five were taken over by NASA and later flew space shuttle missions as pilots and commanders.

1967

January 31 - Supplement - Soviet Union

Nikolai Rukavischnikow , Vitaly Sevastyanov
These two engineers replaced the candidates who had left the previous year. In addition, Valeri Jasdowski was nominated, but remained in reserve for the time being. Sevastyanov and Rukawischnikow carried out two and three space flights, respectively, between 1970 and 1979.

May 7th - Military Group - Soviet Union

  • Air Force pilots: Vladimir Beloborodov, Vladimir Lyachow , Vladimir Koselsky, Yuri Malyshev
  • Military transport pilots: Vladimir Kovaljonok , Viktor Pisarew
  • Air Force Navigators: Sergei Gaidukov, Vladimir Isakov, Mikhail Sologub
  • Air defense engineers: Vladimir Alexeyev, Mikhail Burdayev, Nikolai Porvatkin
Beloborodov, Pissarev, Sologub did not pass the training. Of the other nine candidates, only Kovaljonok, Lyachow and Malyshev were used. Her missions were long-term deployments on the space stations Salyut 6 , Salyut 7 and Mir . Koselski was talked about several times for teams, but the flights were canceled and he was not used.

May 22 - Group of the Academy of Sciences - Soviet Union

Mars Fathulin, Rudolf Guljajew, Ordinard Kolomitsew, Valentin Jerschow
This group consisted of four physicists under the direction of the scientist Katys, who had been shortlisted for the 1964 flight from Woschod 1. After the plan for a Soviet manned moon landing was abandoned, the group was disbanded. None of these candidates was ever shortlisted for a space flight.

June - USAF MOL Group 3 - USA

James Abrahamson, Robert Herres, Robert Lawrence , Donald Peterson
This group was planned for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory of the US Air Force selected. Lawrence died in a plane crash in 1967. Peterson was later taken over by NASA.

Oct. 4 - NASA Group 6 - XS-11 (The Excess Eleven) - United States

Joseph Allen , Philip Chapman , Anthony England , Karl Henize , Donald Holmquest , William Lenoir , John Llewellyn , Story Musgrave , Brian O'Leary , Robert Parker , William Thornton .
This was a second group of science astronauts. Due to the cuts in the Apollo program, they were initially only assigned to the support teams of the last three moon flights, the Skylab missions and the Apollo-Soyuz project . O'Leary and Llewellyn left NASA after a few months, Chapman and Holmquest in 1972 and 1973, respectively, when it became apparent that they would not be able to make a space flight for years. The others came for their first flight on the space shuttle between 1982 and 1985. Story Musgrave had made six space flights by 1996.

1968

May 27 - Engineers - Soviet Union

Vladimir Fartuschnui , Viktor Pazayev , Valeri Yasdovsky
These were three more engineers from the design office who joined the previous ones. Jasdowski had previously been nominated for a cosmonaut group, but had not yet started training. Fartuschnui had to leave the cosmonaut group after an accident. Pazayev was killed while flying Soyuz 11 . Jasdowski was scheduled for Soyuz 13 , but the team was replaced shortly before the start. He was given no further classification.

1969

Aug. 14 - NASA Group 7 - USA

Karol Bobko , Robert Crippen , Gordon Fullerton , Henry Hartsfield , Robert Overmyer , Donald Peterson , Richard Truly .
These seven astronauts were previously part of the US Air Force's three MOL selection groups. They were adopted by NASA after the MOL program was discontinued. All of them flew on early space shuttle missions, except for Peterson all first as pilots and then as commanders of the space shuttle.

1970

April 27th - Military Group - Soviet Union

Of the 300 pilots and 100 engineers who met the criteria, 16 were selected, but seven of them were rejected by the KGB and the Communist Party. Of the nine remaining candidates, only four flew into space: Romanenko on three flights from 1977 to 1987, Dzhanibekov on five flights between 1978 and 1985, Popov on three flights between 1980 and 1982 and Berezovoi on one flight in 1982.

1971

March 15 - Shuguang Group - China

Chai Hongliang, Dong Xiaohai, Du Jincheng, Fang Guojun, Hu Zhanzi, Li Shichang, Liu Chongfu, Liu Zhongyi, Lu Xiangxiao, Ma Zizhong, Meng Senlin, Shao Zhijian, Wang Fuhe, Wang Fuquan, Wang Quanbo, Wang Rongsen, Wang Zhiyue , Yu Guilin, Zhang Ruxiang
The selection process lasted from October 1970 to March 1971. The training began in November 1971 under difficult circumstances. In May 1972 the group was disbanded.

1972

March 22nd - Doctors and Engineers - Soviet Union

  • Doctors of the Institute for Microbiological Problems: Georgi Matschinsky, Lev Smirenny, Valery Polyakov
  • Engineers of the Central Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering: Valery Makrushin
  • Engineers of the Central Design Bureau of Experimental Mechanical Engineering: Boris Andreyev , Valentin Lebedew , Yuri Ponomarev
Lebedev made his first space flight with Soyuz 13 in December 1973 . Polyakov left the group and received some individual training. He passed his cosmonaut examination in 1979 together with the cosmonauts selected in 1978. Except Lebedev and Polyakov, none of this group flew into space.

1973

March 27 - Engineers - Soviet Union

Jujukow was trained for the TKS spacecraft , which, however, never came to a manned mission. The other four flew several times in space between September 1976 (Aksjonow with Soyuz 22 ) and June 1998 (Ryumin with the American STS-91 ). Strekalov made five space flights, he and Ryumin also took part in flights on the American space shuttle .

1976

August 23 - Air Force Group - Soviet Union

Leonid Ivanov, Leonid Kadenjuk , Nikolai Moskalenko, Sergei Protschenko, Evgeni Salej, Anatoli Solowjow , Vladimir Titov , Vladimir Wasjutin , Alexander Volkov
This group consisted of nine pilots from the Air Force. Basic training ended in January 1979. Protschenko had to leave the cosmonaut group soon afterwards, and Ivanov was killed in a plane crash in 1980. Moskalenko and Salej left in 1986 and 1987. Titow made four flights between 1983 and 1997, two of them with the American space shuttle . Wasjutin spent two months on board the Mir in 1985 , but the flight had to be canceled due to his illness. Volkov spent over a year in space on three flights between 1985 and 1992. Solovyov made five space flights between 1988 and 1998. Kadenjuk became the astronaut who had to wait for his first space flight for the longest time in the world: after 21 years, he took off in 1997 in the American space shuttle as a citizen of the now independent Ukraine .

November 25th - Interkosmos Group 1 - GDR / Poland / Czechoslovakia

As part of the Interkosmos program, the Soviet Union made it possible for friendly nations to take part in manned space missions. The following group each provided a spaceman and a substitute for the flights Soyuz 28 ( Czechoslovakia ), Soyuz 30 ( Poland ) and Soyuz 31 / Soyuz 29 ( GDR ), all of which took place in 1978.
Mirosław Hermaszewski (Poland), Sigmund Jähn (GDR), Zenon Jankowski (Poland), Eberhard Köllner (GDR), Oldřich Pelčák (Czechoslovakia), Vladimír Remek (Czechoslovakia). Remek, Hermaszewski and Jähn were used.

1978

Jan 16 - NASA Group 8 - TFNG (Thirty-Five New Guys) - USA

Due to the long break between the last Apollo missions and the first flight of a space shuttle in 1981, only a few astronauts from the older groups stayed with NASA. Therefore, after nine years, a new group consisting of 35 future space travelers was selected. Since then, NASA has conducted a new astronaut selection roughly every two years.
For the first time, NASA also selected women, and Sally Ride, the first American woman to go into space in 1983.
Due to the different tasks in the space shuttle, two groups with different training profiles were formed: pilots and mission specialists. In addition, the shuttle program also had payload specialists who were normally only selected for a single special mission and were not part of the NASA astronaut corps. Most of them were scientists, but there were also a few politicians and many international astronauts.
All the members of this first post-Apollo group flew into space. The first were Hauck, Fabian, Ride and Thagard with STS-7 in June 1983. Hawley was still in use in July 1999 with STS-93 . Scobee, Resnik, Onizuka and McNair were killed in the Challenger crash ( STS-51-L ).

March 1st - Interkosmos Group 2 - Bulgaria / Cuba / Mongolia / Romania / Hungary

Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov ( Bulgaria ), Dumitru Dediu ( Romania ), Jose Lopez Falcon ( Cuba ), Bertalan Farkas ( Hungary ), Maidarzhavyn Ganzorig ( Mongolia ), Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (Mongolia), Georgi Ivanov (Bulgaria), Bela Magyari (Hungary) Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (Cuba), Dumitru Prunariu (Romania)
This second Intercosm group provided the spacemen and substitutes for the flights Soyuz 33 (Bulgaria), Soyuz 36 / Soyuz 35 (Hungary), Soyuz 38 (Cuba), Soyuz 39 (Mongolia) and Soyuz 40 (Romania), which took place between 1979 and 1981 . Iwanow, Farkas, Tamayo Méndez, Gurragtschaa and Prunariu were used. Since the flight from Soyuz 33 with Ivanov had to be canceled, the Bulgarian flight was repeated in 1988 with his substitute Alexandrov.

May 1st - Payload Specialists - ESA

Ulf Merbold (Germany), Claude Nicollier (Switzerland), Wubbo Ockels (Netherlands), Franco Malerba (Italy)
This first ESA selection presented European candidates for American shuttle flights. Merbold became the first non-American on a NASA flight in 1983. All members of this group came on one or more flights with the space shuttle. Nicollier was even able to book four missions.

May 18 - Spacelab 1 - USA

Michael Lampton , Byron Lichtenberg
This group should provide a US scientist for the use of the space laboratory Spacelab on flight STS-9 . The choice fell on Lichtenberg. His substitute Lampton was nominated twice for a mission, but had to retire for medical reasons.

August 9 - Spacelab 2 - USA

Loren Acton , John-David Bartoe , Dianne Prinz , George Simon
Acton and Bartoe flew into space with STS-51-F , their substitutes Prinz and Simon were not used.

December 1 - Soviet Union

Shatulev did not complete the training. As early as March 1981, Savinych took part in a space flight with Soyuz T-4 as the first of this group. Viktorenko was on four assignments as Soyuz commander by March 1995. Solovyov held the record for the longest space flight from 1984 to 1987, Manarov from 1991 to 1995 for the longest total time in space. In addition, Serebrov, Alexandrov, Lawejkin and Balandin came on flights into space.

1979

February - Soviet Union

  • Air Force pilots: Ivan Batschurin, Alexei Borodai, Vladimir Mossolow, Nail Sattarow, Anatoli Sokowitsch, Viktor Tschirkin
This group consisted of air force pilots selected by the State Research Institute. Sattarow and Tschirkin did not complete their training. This group was strengthened from October 1988 by Leonid Kadenjuk , who had been selected in 1976. Not a single one of this selection group was nominated for a Soyuz flight.
This group was trained together with the pilots of the Air Force until November 1980, after which these test pilots joined the group of July 30, 1980. Kononenko was killed in a plane crash in September 1980, the remaining four worked on the Buran program , including as test pilots on atmospheric flights of the prototype OK-GLI . Shchukin died in a plane crash in August 1988, Stankevicius in September 1990. Wolk flew with Soyuz T-12 , Levchenko with Soyuz TM-4 , both of which were relatively short flights.

April 1st - Interkosmos Group 3 - Vietnam

Phạm Tuân , Thanh Liem Bui
This group provided the spaceman and the substitute for the Interkosmos flight Soyuz 37 . This mission took place in 1980, before the space flights from Cuba, Mongolia and Romania, which had started the training earlier.

August 1st - MSE Pick 1 - USA

Frank Casserino , Jeffrey Detroye , Michael Hamel , Terry Higbee , Daryl Joseph , Malcolm Lydon , Gary Payton , Jerry Rij , Paul Sefchek , Eric Sundberg , David Vidrine , John Watterson , Keith Wright
This group consisted of engineers from the US Air Force, plus one from the US Navy. The US Department of Defense wanted to provide space travelers who should support the NASA astronauts in military operations. Payton flew into space with the STS-51-C in January 1985, Wright was his substitute. The other candidates were not used.

1980

May 19 - NASA Group 9 - USA

This group also nominated all candidates for space flights. Leestma flew its first mission in October 1984 with the STS-41-G . Michael Smith was killed in the Challenger accident. Ross and Chang-Diaz currently hold the record with seven space flights.

June 12 - CNES Group 1 - France

Patrick Baudry , Jean-Loup Chrétien
Baudry and Chrétien were first trained in the Soviet Union to take part in the Soyuz T-6 flight in 1982 (Chrétien flight, replacement Baudry). From 1984 they were trained by NASA to become payload specialists on the space shuttle . The associated flight took place in 1985 (Baudry flight, Chrétien replacement). Another Soyuz flight and a shuttle flight followed for Chrétien.

July 30th - Soviet Union

This was the first Soviet training group with female participation since 1962. Klushnikova did not complete the training. Zavizkaya later switched to the Energija group. She was the second Russian in space after Tereschkowa and flew with the Soyuz T-7 and Soyuz T-12 .

1982

September 1 - MSE Selection 2 - USA

James Armor , Michael Booen , Livingston Holder , Larry James , Charles Jones , Maureen LaComb , Michael Mantz , Randy Odle , William Pailes , Craig Puz , Katherine Roberts , Jess Sponable , William Thompson , Glenn Yeakel
This second military astronaut group consisted of engineers from the US Air Force. Pailes took part in the military flight STS-51-J , his substitute was Booen. The other candidates were not used.

September 20 - India

Ravish Malhotra , Rakesh Sharma
This group provided the spaceman and the substitute for the Soviet-Indian space flight Soyuz T-11 , which took place in April 1984.

December 19 - DFVLR Group - Germany

Reinhard Furrer , Ernst Messerschmid
Furrer and Messerschmid were trained for the D1 mission of the Spacelab space laboratory . This space shuttle flight took place under the designation STS-61-A in October 1985.

1983

March 29 - Soviet Union

  • Test pilots of the Institute for Flight Research: Ural Sultanow, Magomed Tolbojew
  • Doctor of the Academy of Medical Sciences: Oleg Atkov
Atkow only took a short training course from March to September 1983. He spent eight months aboard Salyut 7 in 1984 . Sultanov and Tolbojew did not begin training until November 1985, together with the two subsequent groups. They were not used.

June 5th - Spacelab 3 - USA

Eugene Trinh , Mary Johnston , Lodewijk van den Berg , Taylor Wang
This group provided two payload specialists , van den Berg and Wang, for the STS-51-B in April 1985. Trinh joined the STS-50 in 1992 .

July 1 - McDonnell Douglas - USA

Charles Walker
With Walker, an employee of a civil company was selected as the payload specialist for the first time. He made three space flights in 1984 and 1985.

December 5 - CSA Group 1 - Canada

Roberta Bondar , Marc Garneau , Steve MacLean , Ken Money , Robert Thirsk , Bjarni Tryggvason
These six scientists were trained by NASA as payload specialists for the space shuttle.
The first of the three planned flights ( STS-41-G ) took place in October 1984, followed by STS-42 in January 1992 and STS-52 in October 1992. MacLean was trained as a mission specialist from 1996 together with NASA Group 16, Tryggvason and Thirsk followed in 1998 into NASA Group 17. Except Money, all members of this selection flew into space.

1984

January 9 - Spacelab 4 - USA

Andrew Gaffney , Millie Hughes-Fulford , Robert Phillips , Bill Williams
This group was originally put together for flight STS-71-E , which was canceled after the Challenger disaster. Gaffney and Hughes-Fulford were used in STS-40 , Phillips was a substitute, Williams was not nominated.

February 15 - Soviet Union

These three did not begin their training until November 1985, along with the previous and subsequent groups. Only Kaleri flew into space.

February 25 - Great Britain

Anthony Boyle , Christopher Holmes , Peter Longhurst , Nigel Wood and, from July 1984, Richard Farrimond to replace Boyle
This was the first and so far only state selection of spacemen from Great Britain. These four candidates were trained by NASA as payload specialists to deploy two British military satellites. The STS-61-H and STS-71-C missions were planned for this . After the Challenger disaster , these flights were canceled and the British group disbanded.

May 23 - NASA Group 10 - The Maggots - USA

Shepherd made the first flight of this group in December 1988 with STS-27 . He later became the first commander of the International Space Station .

June 13 - US Navy - USA

Paul Scully-Power , Robert Stevenson
The US Navy selected two oceanographers for flight STS-41-G , using Scully Power.

June 20 - ASTRO-1 - USA

Samuel Durrance , Kenneth Nordsieck , Ronald Parise
This group consisted of two astronomers and one astrophysicist. The originally planned mission STS-61-E was canceled after the Challenger disaster, and made up for it in December 1990 with STS-35 , with Durrance and Parise being used. Both were also part of the 1993 ASTRO-2 selection.

July 5th - Hughes - USA

Louis Butterworth , Stephen Cunningham , Gregory Jarvis , John Konrad
This group consisted of four payload specialists from Hughes Aircraft . Jarvis was the first to be nominated for a flight at STS-51-L , but was killed on take-off. As a result, the other planned flights were not carried out.

September - India

Nagapathi Bhat , Radhakrishnan Nair
This group should provide the spaceman and the substitute for a space shuttle flight with Indian participation. The planned for 1986 flight STS-61-I was canceled after the Challenger disaster.

November - ASI Group 1 - Italy

Cristiano Batalli-Cosmovici , Andrea Lorenzoni , Franco Rossitto
This group was trained as a payload specialist by NASA. The planned space shuttle flight with Italian participation was canceled after the Challenger disaster and the group disbanded.

November 9 - Politician 1 - USA

Jake Garn , Bill Nelson
Senator Garn flew into space with the STS-51-D in April 1985 , and Congressman Nelson in January 1986 with the STS-61-C .

1985

March - Payload specialist McDonnell Douglas - USA

Robert Wood
Wood was chosen by McDonnell Douglas to succeed Charles Walker . It was intended for the shuttle flights STS-61-M and STS-71-D , both of which were canceled after the Challenger disaster. Wood was not used.

April - Saudi Arabia

Abdulmohsen Al-Bassam , Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud
This group provided a spaceman and the substitute for the space shuttle flight STS-51-G , which took place in June 1985.

April 8 - Payload Specialist RCA - USA

Robert Cenker , Gerard Magilton
Cenker was used on the STS-61-C shuttle flight in January 1986, Magilton did not fly into space.

June - Mexico

Ricardo Peralta y Fabi , Rodolfo Neri Vela
This group provided a spaceman and the substitute for the space shuttle flight STS-61-B , which took place in November 1985.

June 4 - NASA Group 11 - USA

Due to the Challenger accident, the shuttle flights were suspended for more than two years, so that this group was only assigned to space flights at a late stage. Thuot started with the STS-36 in February 1990 . Thorne died in a plane crash prior to being assigned to a mission.

July 19 - Teacher in Space - USA

Christa McAuliffe , Barbara Morgan
A teacher should take part in the shuttle flight STS-51-L . McAucliffe was selected for this but was killed on launch. Her surrogate wife Morgan was trained as a mission specialist with NASA Group 17 from 1998 and took part in her first space flight with STS-118 in the summer of 2007 .

Aug 11 - NASDA Group - Japan

Mamoru Mōri , Chiaki Mukai , Takao Doi
This group was supposed to provide two space travelers and a replacement person for the space shuttle flight STS-81-G , during which Japanese experiments were to be carried out in Spacelab-J in 1988 . The mission was canceled after the Challenger disaster in January 1986 and only carried out as STS-47 in 1992 . Doi was trained as a mission specialist from 1994 together with NASA Group 15, Mohri followed in 1996 to NASA Group 16. All three members of this group made two space flights.

September - MSE Selection 3 - USA

Joseph Carretto , Robert Crombie , Frank DeArmond , David Staib , Theresa Tittle
This selection consisted of five engineers from the US Air Force. No one was nominated for a space flight, the group was disbanded in June 1988.

September - Military Group - USA

Edward Aldridge , Lawrence Skantze
This group consisted of two senior military personnel. Aldrige was scheduled for flight STS-62-A , which was canceled after the Challenger disaster. General Skantze was scheduled for flight STS-61-N , which was also canceled after the Challenger disaster. Both were not used.

September 2 - Soviet Union

These candidates did their basic training together with the two previous groups. Manakov was the first to be selected for a space flight in August 1990, Krikalev later became the first Soviet cosmonaut on board the American space shuttle and from 2005 the record holder for the longest time in space. Saizew, Scheffer, Stepanov and Tresvyatsky did not fly into space.

September 18 - CNES 2 - France

Claudie André-Deshays (later name: Claudie Haigneré), Jean-François Clervoy , Jean-Jacques Favier , Jean-Pierre Haigneré , Frederic Patat , Michel Tognini , Michel Viso
This French group was trained for several space flights in collaboration with the Soviet Union and the USA. Tognini, Haigneré and André-Deshays flew on various Soyuz missions between 1992 and 2001, Clervoy, Favier and Tognini flew several times with the space shuttle between 1994 and 1999. Viso and Patat dropped out of the group in 1998 without being assigned a flight.
Clervoy joined the ESA astronaut corps in 1992 and was trained as a mission specialist with NASA Group 14. Haigneré joined ESA in 1998, André-Deshays and Tognini followed in 1999.

September 30 - Syria

Muhammed Achmed Faris , Munir Habib Habib
This group provided a spaceman with a replacement for the Soyuz TM-3 space flight , which took place in July 1987.

October 30 - Indonesia

Taufik Akbar , Pratiwi Sudarmono
This group should provide space travelers and a substitute for a space shuttle flight with Indonesian participation. The planned flight STS-61-H was canceled after the Challenger disaster, the training of the candidates was not completed.

November - WOSE Group 1 - USA

Grant Aufderhaar , Fred Lewis , Ronald Townsend
This group was formed for flight STS-61-M and consisted of meteorologists from the US Air Force. As a result of the Challenger disaster, their training was discontinued.

November 9 - AmSat Payload Specialist - USA

Otto Hoernig
Hoernig was scheduled as a payload specialist for a shuttle flight in 1987. The planned flight STS-71-C was canceled after the Challenger disaster.

December 27th - Payload Specialists EOM - USA / Belgium

Charles Chappell , Dirk Frimout (Belgium)
This selection was not made by NASA or ESA, but by the Investigator Working Group, which was supposed to oversee the scientific experiments on board the shuttle flight STS-61-K . The flight was canceled after the Challenger disaster. Frimout was used on STS-45 in 1992 and became the first Belgian spaceman.

1987

January 8 - Bulgaria

Alexandar Panaiotow Alexandrow , Krasimir Michailow Stojanow
Since the Intercosmos -Flight Soyuz 33 are canceled with Bulgarian participation had, the flight was repeated in June 1988th The then substitute Alexandrow was designated as the crew, Stoyanov came into the reserve team.

March 26 - Soviet Union

All six candidates in this group came for long stays in space , the first of which was Avdeev in July 1992 with Soyuz TM-15 . Malenchenko also flew as a mission specialist in the American space shuttle.

June 5 - NASA Group 12 - The GAFFers - USA

The group's nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen". The first to deploy from this group were Akers and Melnick in October 1990 with STS-41 .

July - SDI-StarLab - USA

Kenneth Bechis , Dennis Boesen
Bechis and Boesen were trained on a military shuttle flight, which was postponed several times and eventually canceled.

August 3 - DLR Group 2 - Germany

Renate Brümmer , Hans Schlegel , Gerhard Thiele , Heike Walpot , Ulrich Walter
Brümmer, Schlegel, Thiele and Walter were trained by NASA as payload specialists for STS-55 from October 1990 . The flight took place in April 1993 with the participation of Schlegel and Walter. After this flight, Brümmer, Walpot and Walter left, Schlegel and Thiele joined the European astronaut corps in 1998.

1988

February 12 - Afghanistan

Abdul Ahad Mohmand , Mohammad Dauran Ghulam Masum
This group hired a spaceman and his substitute for the Soyuz TM-6 space flight in August 1988.

February - WOSE Group 2 - USA

Lloyd Lynn Anderson , Carol Lynn Belt (later name: Carol Lynn Belt Weaver)
Like the WOSE-1 group from 1985, this group consisted of meteorologists from the US Air Force. None of the group was used.

September - Terra Scout - USA

Michael Belt , John Hawker , Thomas Hennen
This group consisted of US Army scouts who were supposed to oversee the TerraScout experiment on the STS-44 shuttle flight . Hennen was part of the crew, Belt was his replacement.

1989

Jan 11 - IML-1 - USA / ESA

Roger Crouch , Ulf Merbold
This selection should be made by one of the two payload specialists for the shuttle flight STS-42 and its substitute. Merbold was used. Crouch was a member of the MSL-1 selection from 1996 and came on two missions with the space shuttle.

January 25 - Soviet Union

Karaschtin, Kondakowa, Lukjanjuk and Morukow did not begin their training until October 1990 and graduated in March 1992, one year after the other candidates in this group. Polonski left the cosmonaut corps shortly after completing his training. The first astronaut of this cosmonaut group was Poleschtuk in January 1993. Kondakowa, Tokarew, Ussachev and Morukov flew as mission specialists on board the American space shuttle. With Kondakowa, a woman and men were selected for the first time in the Soviet Union.

February 24 - SLS-1 - USA

Drew Gaffney , Millie Hughes-Fulford , Robert Phillips
These three scientists had been in a Spacelab payload specialist group since 1984, but were not deployed at the time. Gaffney and Hughes-Fulford were crew members on STS-40 , Phillips was reserve.

February - ASI Group 2 - Italy

Cristiano Batalli-Cosmovici , Umberto Guidoni , Franco Malerba
These three Italian scientists were trained by NASA for flight STS-46 , which took place in July 1992 with Malerba's participation. Guidoni joined the European astronaut corps in 1998.

Aug. 17 - TV Journalists - Japan

Toyohiro Akiyama , Ryoko Kikuchi
With this selection, the Soviet space agency began to sell individual seats on Soyuz flights to non-state companies. In contrast to earlier flights with international participation, it was not about demonstrating cooperation with friendly nations (the guest cosmonauts were mostly members of the national air force), but about commercial interests. For the Soyuz TM-11 flight in December 1990, a seat was sold to the Japanese television company TBS . Akiyama became the first space traveler not financed by his state.

September 29 - ATLAS - USA

Charles Chappell , Dirk Frimout (Belgium), Michael Lampton , Byron Lichtenberg
This group provided the two payload specialists for flight STS-45 in March 1992. Lampton and Lichtenberg were originally intended to be the crew, but Lampton was replaced for medical reasons by Frimout, who thus became the first Belgian spaceman.

October 4th - Spacelab-J - USA

Stanley Koszelak
The scientist Koszelak was the replacement payload specialist for the shuttle flight STS-47 in September 1992.

October 6th - Austromir - Austria

Clemens Lothaller , Franz Viehböck
This group provided a spaceman and a substitute for the Austrian research mission Austromir , which took place on board the Mir space station in October 1991 .

November 25 - Juno Group - Great Britain

Timothy Mace , Helen Sharman
This group was not funded by the state but by British industry. The two places for a spaceman and a substitute for the Mir-Juno mission were advertised publicly. Helen Sharman became Britain's first female space traveler in May 1991.

1990

Jan. 17 - NASA Group 13 - The Hairballs - USA

Clifford made the first flight of this group with STS-53 in December 1992. All other members of this NASA group also came to missions in the space shuttle.

February - CNES Group 3 - France

Léopold Eyharts , Philippe Perrin , Jean-Marc Gasparini , Benoit Silve
Perrin was trained as a mission specialist by NASA with her group 16 from 1996 and came on a space flight in June 2002. Eyharts was trained first in the Soviet Union, later at NASA. He completed his first space flight in January 1998, after which he joined the European astronaut corps. Gasparini and Silve were not nominated for any flight.

May 11 - Soviet Union

  • Aviation Ministry engineer: Vladimir Sewerin
  • Journalists: Alexander Andryushkow, Valeri Baberdin, Juri Krikun, Pavel Muchortow, Svetlana Omelchenko, Valeri Sharov
  • Pilot from the Ministry of Civil Aviation: Talgat Musabaev
  • Air defense pilot: Sergei Vozovikov
  • Pilots of the Air Force: Valery Maximenko, Nikolai Puschenko, Alexander Puchkov, Sergei Saljotin , Salizhan Sharipov
Maximenko, Puschenko and Putschkow joined the training group of pilots of the air force of the previous year. Maximenko and the journalists were not accepted after completing their training. Wosowikow was drowned in 1993 during survival training on the Black Sea. Of the remaining cosmonauts, only three came to space flights: Mussabaev on three flights between 1994 and 2001, Salyotin on two flights in 2000 and 2002 and Sharipov on two flights between 1998 and 2004/2005.

June 25 - Terra Geode - USA

Palmer Bailey , Robert Clegg , Michael Hoffpauir
This group consisted of geographers and geologists from the US Army . However, the planned Terra Geode project was not carried out.

Aug 6 - USML-1 - USA

Lawrence DeLucas , Joseph Prahl , Albert Sacco , Eugene Trinh
This group provided two payload specialists and their substitutes for flight STS-50 in June 1992. DeLucas and Trinh were deployed.

October 8 - DLR Group 3 - Germany

Reinhold Ewald , Klaus-Dietrich Flade
Ewald and Flade were trained as research cosmonauts for the Mir space station in the Soviet Union . Flade was deployed in March 1992, Ewald in February 1997. Ewald joined the European astronaut corps in 1999.

1991

January 21 - Soviet Union / Kazakhstan

Toqtar Äubäkirow , Talgat Mussabajew
Due to the collapse of the Soviet Union , it was politically necessary to get a spaceman from Kazakhstan into space as soon as possible . Aubäkirow, a test pilot in the Soviet air force who had joined the newly established Kazakh Air Force, was designated for this purpose. Mussabaev, who had been training as a spaceman since the previous year, was appointed as a substitute.

December 6 - SLS-2 Payload Specialists - USA

Jay Buckey , Martin Fettman , Lawrence Young
This group hired a payload specialist for STS-58 in October 1993. Fettman was used. Buckey became a member of the Neurolab selection in 1996.

1992

March 3 - Russia

Alexander Lasutkin , Sergei Treschchow , Pawel Winogradow
Lasutkin spent six months on the Mir in 1997, Treschchow six months on the ISS in 2002. Vinogradov made two long stays in space: six months in 1997/98 on the Mir and in 2006 a further six months as commander of the ISS expedition 13.

March 31 - NASA Group 14 - The Hogs - USA

Starting with this group, the international mission specialists were trained to become full-fledged mission specialists on behalf of their space agencies together with the NASA astronauts and could thus be deployed on every space shuttle mission.
As the first representative of this NASA group, Linenger came into action with STS-64 in September 1994 . Brady and Linnehan were the last to make their maiden flight with the STS-78 in June 1996 .

April - NASDA Group 2 - Japan

Koichi Wakata
Wakata was trained as a mission specialist along with NASA Group 14.

May 15 - ESA

Maurizio Cheli ( Italy ), Jean-François Clervoy ( France ), Pedro Duque ( Spain ), Christer Fuglesang ( Sweden ), Marianne Merchez ( Belgium ), Thomas Reiter ( Germany )
This was only ESA's second international selection after 1977. Six candidates from six member countries were nominated. Cheli and Clervoy joined NASA Group 14 and flew the space shuttle between 1994 and 1999. Duque, Fuglesang and Reiter were trained by both Roskosmos and NASA and were deployed on the International Space Station . Merchez retired in 1995 without being assigned a flight.

June 9 - CSA Group 2 - Canada

Chris Hadfield , Michael McKay , Julie Payette , Dafydd Williams
Hadfield was trained as a mission specialist with NASA Group 14, Williams followed in Group 15, Payette in Group 16. All three came to multiple space flights. McKay retired in 1995 for medical reasons.

1993

May - ASTRO-2 payload specialists - USA

Samuel Durrance , Ronald Parise , Scott Vangen
Durrance and Parise had been part of the ASTRO-1 selection group since 1984. The ASTRO-2 flight took place in March 1995 with STS-67 . Durrance and Parise were part of the crew, Vangen was the reserve.

1994

April 1 - Russia

Nadeschda Kuschelnaja , Mikhail Tyurin
This group consisted of only two Energija engineers. Kuschelnaja was assigned to the replacement crew on an ISS exchange mission, and Tyurin took part in two long-term stays on board the ISS.

June 20 - USML-2 Payload Specialists - USA

Ray Holt , Fred Leslie , David Matthiesen , Albert Sacco
This group provided two payload specialists for STS-73 . Leslie and Sacco, who had been a reservist in the USML-1 group from 1990, were used.

December 8 - NASA Group 15 - The Flying Escargot - USA

Susan Still-Kilrain joined STS-83 in April 1997 . This was the shortest distance between selection and first flight ever at NASA. Husband, Anderson and Chawla flew on the last Columbia STS-107 mission and were killed in the process.

1995

May 8 - ASI Group 3 - Italy

Luca Urbani
Urbani was trained by NASA as a replacement payload specialist for STS-78 , but was not deployed.

1996

February - Payload Specialists MSL-1 - USA

Roger Crouch , Gregory Linteris , Paul Ronney
This group hired two payload specialists for STS-83 in April 1997. Crouch and Linteris were used. The flight had to be canceled and was repeated as STS-94 . Crouch was previously in the 1989 IML1 selection.

February / March - Russia

As the first of this group, Kosejew flew into space (October 2001 with Soyuz TM-33 ), as the last Rewin over 10 years later (May 2012 with Soyuz TMA-04M ).

April 4th - Payload Specialists Neurolab - USA

Jay Buckey , Alexander Dunlap , James Pawelczyk
This group hired two payload specialists for STS-90 in April 1998. Buckey and Pawelczyk were used. Buckey was already a member of the SLS2 selection in 1991.

May 1 - NASA Group 16 - The Sardines - USA

Mark and Scott Kelly are twins, but not related to James Kelly. The first of this group was Scott Kelly in December 1999 with the STS-103 . Loria was withdrawn from his scheduled shuttle flight due to an injury and left the astronaut corps without a flight. Brown, Clark and McCool flew together on mission STS-107 , in which the space shuttle Columbia crashed. As the only members of this group, Cagle and Caldeiro were not nominated for a space flight, Caldeiro died in October 2009.

June - NASDA Group - Japan

Soichi Noguchi
Noguchi was trained by NASA with Group 16 as a mission specialist and undertook his first space flight with STS-114 in July 2005 .

October - China

Li Qinglong , Wu Jie
Li and Wu took part in their cosmonaut training in Russia from November 1996 to December 1997. A mission in a space flight was not planned, rather they were to lead the training of the Chinese space travelers after their return.

December - Payload Specialists - Ukraine

Leonid Kadenjuk , Jaroslaw Pustowui
This selection provided a spaceman and a substitute for the shuttle flight STS-87 in November 1997. Kadenjuk had already been trained as a Soviet cosmonaut in 1976.

1997

May - Israel

Yitzhak Maio , Ilan Ramon
This selection provided a spaceman and a substitute for the shuttle flight STS-107 , in which Ramon was killed.

July 28 - Russia

Korniyenko was nominated on February 24, 1998. Moschkin did not pass the final exam even after several attempts, the others finished their basic training on 25/26. November 1999. Walkow was nominated, but retired before the planned space flight due to medical problems.
In this group there are three sons of former cosmonauts: Sergei is the son of Alexander Volkov , Roman is the son of the three-time astronaut Yuri Romanenko , and the father of Alexander Alexandrovich Skvortsov is also called Alexander Alexandrovich Skvortsov and was selected as a cosmonaut in 1965.
In April 2001, Lonchakov was the first of the group to be deployed with STS-100 .

September 16 - Politicians - Russia

Yuri Baturin
Baturin was a national security advisor to Russian President Boris Yeltsin and was selected to fly to the Mir space station as a visitor. After serving with Soyuz TM-28 , he lost his political offices. Baturin then trained as a professional cosmonaut.

December 22 - Actors - Russia

Vladimir Steklov
The plan was to shoot a film with a professional actor on board the Mir space station . Steklow completed the training, but financial problems of the production company prevented his space flight.

1998

January - Shenzhou Group 1 - Yuhangyuans - China

Chen Quan , Deng Qingming , Fei Junlong , Jing Haipeng , Liu Boming , Liu Wang , Nie Haisheng , Pan Zhanchun , Yang Liwei , Zhai Zhigang , Zhang Xiaoguang , Zhao Chuandong
This group provides the crews for the space flights in the Shenzhou program. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese spaceman in October 2003.

January 16 - Politician 2 - USA

John Glenn
The Mercury veteran Glenn was for the flight STS-95 nominated in October 1998, by which he became the oldest astronaut.

March 23 - Slovakia

Michal Fulier , Ivan Bella
This selection provided a spaceman and a substitute for the Soyuz TM-29 flight to the Mir space station in February 1999.

June 1st - European Astronaut Corps

According to the decision of the ESA on March 25, 1998, a European astronaut corps (EAC) should be founded, whereby the national selections of Germany, France and Italy should be superfluous. The six astronauts assigned to the EAC on June 1, 1998 included:
The training takes place in cooperation with NASA and Roskosmos , but also at the European Astronaut Center in Cologne.

June 4th - NASA Group 17 - The Penguins - USA

Fossum was the first of this group to be used in July 2006 with the STS-121 . Morgan had already been included in the Teacher-in-Space selection in 1985, but was trained with this group to become a full-fledged payload specialist. Robertson died in a plane crash without being assigned to a mission. Woodward left NASA in October 2008. Except for these two candidates, all members of this group were in space by now.

June 18 - Brazil

Marcos Pontes
Pontes was trained as a mission specialist with NASA Group 17. When it became clear that there was no way for him to fly aboard the space shuttle, he was trained as a cosmonaut in Russia. He flew to the International Space Station on Soyuz TMA-8 in March 2006 .

August 1st - European Astronaut Corps

With the four experienced and two new candidates, the EAC grew to twelve astronauts: three each from Germany, France and Italy, and one each from Sweden, Switzerland and Spain.

October - European Astronaut Corps

André Kuipers (Netherlands), Frank De Winne (Belgium)
The medic Kuipers was selected on October 5th and began his astronaut training in July 1999. Air Force pilot De Winne was selected on October 19th and began his astronaut training in January 2000.

1999

February - European Astronaut Corps

Reinhold Ewald
Ewald had been in the DLR selection since 1990. With his entry, the number of German astronauts increased to four.

February 10 - NASDA Group 4 - Japan

Satoshi Furukawa , Akihiko Hoshide , Naoko Sumino (later name: Naoko Yamazaki ).
These three candidates were trained by NASA with Group 19 as mission specialists.

November 1st - European Astronaut Corps

Claudie Haigneré (France), Michel Tognini (France)
These two French space travelers were part of the CNES selection of 1985 and have now been assigned to the EAC. This increased the number of French in the European astronaut corps to five.

2000

July 26 - NASA Group 18 - The Bugs - USA

As the first member of this group, Drew flew into space with the STS-118 in August 2007 . All members of this group have already been deployed.

October 9 - Space Tourists Group 1 - Space Adventures

Dennis Tito ( USA )

2001

July 16 - Space Tourists Group 2 - Space Adventures

Mark Shuttleworth ( South Africa )

2002

December - European Astronaut Corps

Philippe Perrin
Perrin was selected as a spaceman by the CNES in 1990 . After his shuttle flight with STS-111 , he joined the European Astronaut Corps . In 2005 he retired without flying into space again.

2003

May 29 - Russia / Kazakhstan

The basic training was given by all candidates on 27./28. Completed June 2005. Borissenko and Samokutajew were the first to be assigned a flight: They started in April 2011 for a long-term stay on the ISS. One of the Kazakh cosmonauts was supposed to be deployed with Soyuz TMA-16 in autumn 2009 . In May 2009, however, Kazakhstan withdrew its space travelers from this flight because of financial problems. Aimakhanov then tried to be accepted into the Russian cosmonaut corps. He was then selected on January 27, 2014 and has been a test cosmonaut (TK) member of the ZPK cosmonaut group since August 14, 2014. Aimbetov flew to the ISS under the flag of Kazakhstan in September 2015.

SpaceShipOne

The first group of non-state astronauts: Brian Binnie , Mike Melvill , Doug Shane , Peter Siebold

2004

May 6 - NASA Group 19 - The Peacocks - USA

As the first member of this group, Kimbrough flew into space with STS-126 in November 2008. Walker was the last NASA candidate to make her maiden flight in June 2010, and Furukawa was the group's last international astronaut in June 2011.

2005

July 6th - Space Tourists Group 3 - Space Adventures

Gregory Olsen ( USA ), Sergei Kostenko ( Russia )

2006

March - Space Tourists Group 4 - Space Adventures

Daisuke Enomoto ( Japan ), Anousheh Ansari ( USA / Iran )
Enomoto was scheduled for the Soyuz TMA-9 flight . Just a month before the start, he was taken off the team for medical reasons and replaced by Ansari.

April - Space Tourists Group 5 - Space Adventures

Charles Simonyi ( USA )
Simonyi flew to the ISS with Soyuz TMA-10 in April 2007 .

August 24 - Space Tourists Group 6 - Space Adventures

Ronnie Nader Bello ( Ecuador )
Nader Bello was one of the candidates for a taxi mission to the International Space Station.

September 4th - Angkasawan Group - Malaysia

Research cosmonauts: Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor , Faiz Khaleed
This selection provided a spaceman and a substitute for the Soyuz TMA-11 flight .

October 11 - Russia

Novitsky was the first of this group to be deployed in October 2012, and Serova became the fourth Russian in space in September 2014. Tikhonov left the cosmonaut corps for medical reasons without having flown into space.

December 25 - South Korea

Research cosmonauts: Yi So-yeon , Ko San
This selection provided a spaceman and a substitute for the Soyuz TMA-12 flight , which took place in April 2008.

2009

February 25 - Japan

Takuya Ōnishi , Kimiya Yui
Yui made his first space flight in July 2015. Ōnishi in July 2016.

May 13 - CSA Group 3 - Canada

Jeremy Hansen , David Saint-Jacques
This group completed their basic training on September 8, 2011. Saint-Jacques made its first space flight in December 2018.

May 20 - ESA

Samantha Cristoforetti (Italy), Alexander Gerst (Germany), Andreas Mogensen (Denmark), Luca Parmitano (Italy), Timothy Peake (Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Thomas Pesquet (France)
This group completed their basic training on November 22, 2010. All six flew to the ISS, the first Parmitano in May 2013 and the last Pesquet in November 2016.

June - Space Tourists Group 7 - Space Adventures

Barbara Barrett ( USA ), Guy Laliberté (Canada)
This group provided a spaceman and a substitute for the Soyuz TMA-16 flight .

June 29 - NASA Group 20 - The Chumps - USA

Serena Auñón , Jeanette Epps , Jack Fischer , Michael Hopkins , Kjell Lindgren , Kathleen Rubins , Scott Tingle , Mark Vande Hei , Reid Wiseman
This group completed their basic training in September 2011. Hopkins was the first of this group to come on a space flight in September 2013. Currently only Epps is without flight experience.

September 8 - Japan

Norishige Kanai
Kanai was nominated and trained together with Yui and Ōnishi. It was used for the first time in December 2017.

2010

April 28 - Russia

May - China

This group consists of five male and two female members of the Air Force of the People's Republic of China. The names of the two women are Liu Yang and Wang Yaping . Both are experienced pilots in the Air Force of the People's Liberation Army and mainly fly cargo planes. The names of the five men are Zhang Lu , Chen Dong , Cai Xuzhe , Tang Hongbo, and Yi Guangfu . The first of this group was Liu Yang.

October 12 - Russia

Morozow left the group on November 12, 2012 after completing basic training. Prokopyev was the first of this group to go on a space flight.

2012

October 8 - Russia

Oleg Vladimirovich Blinov , Pyotr Valeriwitsch Dubrow , Andrej Valeriwitsch Fedjajew , Ignat Nikolajewitsch Ignatow , Anna Jurjewna Kikina , Sergei Vladimirovich Korsakov , Dmitri Alexandrowitsch Petelin , Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Tschub
The group finished their basic training on June 16, 2014. Ignatow and Kikina dropped out, Kikina was later reinstated, subject to further training. She successfully completed her training on December 17, 2014 with her appointment as "test cosmonaut".

2013

June 17 - NASA Group 21 - The 8 Balls - USA

Josh Cassada , Victor Glover , Nick Hague , Christina Koch , Nicole Mann , Anne McClain , Jessica Meir , Andrew Morgan
Hague was the first to be assigned to a space flight. However, it first had to make an emergency landing with the Soyuz MS-10 spacecraft in October 2018 before reaching space with Soyuz MS-12 in March 2019 .
By 2018, all other participants in this group were also assigned to a space mission: Anne McClain Soyuz MS-11 , Christina Koch Soyuz MS-12 , Andrew Morgan Soyuz MS-13 , Jessica Meir Soyuz MS-15 (flight MS-14 was unmanned), Nicole Mann and Victor Glover on the first and second manned flights of the new CST-100 Starliner spacecraft and Victor Glover on the second manned flight of the Crew Dragon spacecraft .

2017

February 2 - ESA

Matthias Maurer , member of the ESA class from 2008/2009 , is subsequently admitted to the astronaut corps.

June 7 - NASA Group 22 - The Turtles - USA

Kayla Barron , Zena Cardman , Raji Chari , Matthew Dominick , Bob Hines , Warren Hoburg , Jonny Kim , Robb Kulin , Jasmin Moghbeli , Loral O'Hara , Frank Rubio , Jessica Watkins
Kulin dropped out of astronaut training in August 2018 for private reasons.

July 1 - CSA Group 4 - Canada

Joshua Kutryk , Jennifer Sidey
These two aspirants will be trained along with NASA Group 22.

2018

August 10 - Russia

Konstantin Borissow , Alexander Gorbunow , Alexander Grebjonkin , Sergej Mikajew , Kirill Peskow , Oleg Platonow , Evgeni Prokopjew , Alexej Subrizki

September 3 - UAE Astronaut Programs - United Arab Emirates

Hassa al-Mansuri , Sultan al-Nejadi
As a crew member of Soyuz MS-15, Hassa al-Mansuri is the first space pilot in the United Arab Emirates, Sultan al-Nejadi was his substitute and is supposed to train for long-term missions.

See also

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Matthias Maurer is accepted into the ESA astronaut corps . ESA, February 2, 2017.
  2. ↑ Alex Stuckey: 2017 NASA astronaut candidate resigning this month. Houston Chronicle, August 27, 2018, accessed August 29, 2018 .