Polnička

Polnička
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Kraj Vysočina
District :	Žďár nad Sázavou
Area :	1983 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 36 '  N , 15 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '27 "  N , 15 ° 54' 59"  E
Height:	585  m nm
Residents :	817 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	591 02
License plate :	J
traffic
Street:	Přibyslav - Svratka
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Bohumil Cempírek (as of 2018)
Address:	Polnička 225 591 02 Polnička
Municipality number:	596485
Website :	www.polnicka.cz

Chapel of St. cross

Wayside shrine on the outskirts

Polnička (German Pelles ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers north of Žďár nad Sázavou and belongs to the Okres Žďár nad Sázavou .

geography

Polnička is located in the southwest of the Saar Mountains in the Sázava Valley . State road II / 350 between Přibyslav and Svratka runs through the village, and Silnice I / 37 runs east of the village . North of Polnička and smaller tributaries extends along the Sázava a cascade of ponds from Hamerský rybník ( Hammerteich ) via the Stříbrný rybník ( Silberteich ) Kamenný rybník ( Stein pond ) Železný rybník ( iron pond ) and Novy rybník ( Neuteich ) to the Velké Dářko is enough; Immediately to the south is the Pilská reservoir ( Pillerteich ). In the east rises the Na Lazech (635 m nm), south of the Salvátor (630 m nm) and the Adamův kopec ( Pillerberg , 656 m nm), in the southwest of the Holý kopec (665 m nm), the Světka (661 m nm) ) and the Peperek ( Beberek , 675 m nm), west of the Vápenice (628 m nm) and northwest of the Kamenný vrch ( Steinhübl , 689 m nm). A large quarry is operated on the hill south of the village.

Neighboring towns are Novy Mlyn, Velke Dářko, Karlov and Škrdlovice in the north, Světnov in the Northeast, Pod Strži and Sklené the east, Stržanov the southeast, Hynkovec, Zdar nad Sazavou , Horní Hamry, Dolní Hamry and Najdek in the south, Šlakhamry, Bambouch and Velká Losenice in the southwest, Branty, Malá Losenice and Vepřová in the west and Račín and Radostín in the northwest.

history

Polnička was founded in Bohemia by the Saar Cistercian Abbey before 1293 and is one of the oldest iron metallurgy locations in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . In 1409 two iron hammers were operated in Polnička ; One was on the site of the semi-detached house no. 163/164 on the sports field, the other below the hammer pond at house no. 170. Below the Železný rybník, another hammer mill was later built with the Josefi hammer. In addition, the water power of the Sázava dammed in numerous ponds was also used to operate mills and sawmills.

In 1653 the ironworks located in the village consisted of two blast furnaces with a forge, a cupola , a Zainhammer , a stamping mill and farm buildings . The ovens were fired with peat extracted from the area .

After the abolition of the Saar monastery, its goods fell to the religious fund in 1784 . From then on, the ironworks operated as Kameral-Herrschaft Saarian Eisenwerke zu Pelles . In 1826 the Bohemian Colonel Marshal Josef Wratislaw von Mitrowitz acquired the Saar and Wognomiestetz camera estates . The subsequent owner, Franz Joseph von Dietrichstein , merged the iron works in Pelles with those in Ransko under the joint senior management of the Ransko shift office as the Fürstlich Dietrichsteinsche Eisenwerke to form Ransko and Pelles . The Pelles iron works reached their heyday in the middle of the 19th century. In 1838 a rolling mill was put into operation that produced rails for the increasing construction of railways in Central Europe. The Pelles ironworks were the largest ironworks in Bohemia at that time. It employed a total of 236 people, including 132 workers as well as woodcutters, peat cutters, charcoal burners, carters and day laborers. Produced bar iron , gate drive and metalworking goods. In 1840, production was expanded to include water pipes, which were mainly sold in the up-and-coming cities of Vienna and Brno . Products from Eisenwerke Pelles were awarded gold and silver medals at the exhibition of Bohemian industrial products in Prague in 1837 and at the Austrian trade exhibition in Vienna in 1845.

In 1840, the extreme southeast of the Časlauer Kreis on the Moravian border, the village of Pelles or Polnička consisted of 140 houses in which 1198 people lived. In addition to the large ironworks, there was a school, an inn with an inherited court and a mill in the village. Aside - at the outflow of the Sazawabach from the Neuteich - was the Poddarsko mill with a board saw. The parish was Wognomiestetz . Until the middle of the 19th century, Pelles remained subject to the allodial estate Wognomiestetz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Pelles / Polnička formed from 1850 a municipality in the judicial district of Přibyslau . In 1855 the ironworks began to decline. The reasons for this were the increasing lack of wood and the use of hard coal as fuel in smelting, increased costs for the procurement of iron ore and the fall in prices for iron goods as well as the growing competition on the iron market. After the rolling mill burned down in 1859, the Pelles ironworks ceased production entirely in 1862. At that time, around 1,600 people lived in Pelles, most of whom worked in the ironworks or were dependent on the factories for their existence. In 1865 the company was dissolved.

The Oberhammer was built below the Neuteich in 1860; it was shut down again in 1876 and the Nový Mlýn settlement was built in its place.

From 1868 the municipality belonged to the Polna District and from 1884 to the Chotěboř District . In 1900 Polnička had 965 inhabitants. After the snowfall catastrophe on October 26 and 27, 1930, a forest railway from Velké Dářko via Račín to the Najdek sawmill was built in 1931 . The route was used by two steam and two gasoline locomotives until 1934 and dismantled after the broken timber had been cleared. During the Second World War, the area was one of the centers of Czech resistance. In 1949 the community was assigned to the Okres Žďár . In 1961 Račín was incorporated. Between 1980 and 1991 Polnička formed a district of Žďár nad Sázavou .

Today around 800 people live in the 240 houses of the community. There is a primary school in the village.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Polnička. Polnička includes the residential areas Hynkovec ( Hinkowetz ), Na Zádi and Nový Mlýn ( Oberhammer ) as well as the holiday home area Velké Dářko.

Attractions

• Niche chapel dedicated to St. Kreuz, at the southeast exit of the town
• Chapel of St. Guardian Angel, in the center of the village
• Tabernacle shrine in the northern part of the village
• Tabernacle shrine at the intersection in the center of the village
• Cast iron crucifix on the bridge over the Sázava
• Remains of the forest railway Žďárské vrchy , in the forest west of the village
• Salon Expres garden railway for children
• Velké Dářko recreational area

Sons and daughters of the church

• Jan Harus (1892–1967), Czechoslovak politician

Web links

• History of Polnička
• History of the iron works

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/596485/Polnicka
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 11: Caslauer Kreis. Prague 1843, p. 176