Velká Losenice
| Velká Losenice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Kraj Vysočina | ||||
| District : | Žďár nad Sázavou | ||||
| Area : | 1491 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 35 ' N , 15 ° 50' E | ||||
| Height: | 548 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,220 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 592 11 | ||||
| License plate : | J | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Malá Losenice - Sázava | ||||
| Railway connection: | Žďár nad Sázavou - Havlíčkův Brod | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Miloslav Černý (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Velká Losenice 360 592 11 Velká Losenice |
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| Municipality number: | 596981 | ||||
| Website : | www.losenice.cz | ||||
Velká Losenice (German Groß Losenitz , also Groß Lossenitz , Groß Loßenitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic. It is located seven kilometers east of Přibyslav and belongs to the Okres Žďár nad Sázavou .
geography
Velká Losenice is located southwest of the Saar Mountains in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands on the brook Loseničký potok. To the north rise the Malolosenický kopec (612 m), Shnilý kopec ( Lazy Mountain , 614 m) and Vápenice (628 m), in the northeast the Světka (660 m), east the Peperek ( Beberek , 674 m), in the southeast the Štěnice (615 m), south the Rosička (644 m), in the west the Pořežínský kopec (596 m) and in the north-west the Pátkův kopec (630 m). The historic border with Moravia runs a good two kilometers east of the Bohemian village . The railway Žďár nad Sázavou - Havlíčkův Brod passes south, and the Sázava u Žďáru train station is two kilometers south .
Neighboring towns are Branty and Vepřová in the north, Račín and Polnička in the north-east, Jordánek and Zámek Žďár in the east, Šlakhamry , Najdek and Samotín in the south-east, Sázava in the south, Nové Dvory in the south-west, Pořežín and Hřiště in the west and Malá Losen in the north-west.
history
The village was probably founded in the 12th century. Profous gives a first mention of 1052 for the place in Místní jména v Čechách , but this is extremely unlikely. During the last Přemyslids , the whole area began to be colonized intensively. After the first ore discoveries, miners came from the Thuringian and Upper Saxon mountain areas. The mountain shouting for the silver also drew more rural settlers into the country and the border forests were cut and the soil made arable. Most of the new residents were of Upper Palatinate and Thuringia origin. In the new mountain area, the mountain towns of Lossnitz, Herliwinberg , Langendorf , Uttendorf , Matzerau , Schönfeld and Böhmisch Bela were created , where silver was mined and processed. At the same time, iron mining began in the area between Deutschbrod , Ransko , Langendorf, Stecken , Iglau as far as Stannern . The Saar Cistercian monastery, founded in 1252, promoted mining. A silver mine was built on monastery property at Peperek, which was then called the mine. Lime quarries and lime kilns were set up between Schlaghammer (Šlakhamry) and Saar Castle (Zámek Žďár) for the construction of the monastery complex. On August 4th and 5th, 1328 there was an earthquake in the mountain area, in which, according to literature, the tunnels broke and the mines in the Vysočina had to be shut down. Exact details of the consequences and causes have not been passed down. Possibly it was just the demolition of individual pits.
The first written record of Lossnitz can be found in the accounts of the Deutschbrod deanery from 1352 to 1367. In the 14th century, Lossnitz was one of the most important settlements of the Čeňek von Ronov reign . The focus of mining was on the Moravian border at the mine (Peperek), in Lossnitz there was a hammer mill that was profitable. There is no mention of damage from an earthquake. Later chroniclers report that on February 20, 1616 another earthquake should have occurred in the Vysočina.
The Hussite Wars brought mining to a standstill in the 15th century. During this time the settlement of Milíkovice, which is believed to be near Česká Mez, also died out. At the beginning of the 16th century the Lossnitz belonged to Hynek von Kunstadt and in 1502 it fell to the city of Polna . Since 1547 the place was called Welika Losenicze . During the Thirty Years War on April 7, 1621, the roof of the church burned, melting the bells. In 1625 the Polna rulership belonging to Rudolf Zeidlitz von Schönfeld was confiscated. The area subsequently became impoverished and residents were harassed by Swedish troops. In 1647 nine properties in Welika Losenicze were desolate and eleven others were ruined; in Pesendorf , three inns were desolate. In 1696 the church in Groß Lossenitz was separated from Polna and made a parish. During the First Silesian War in December 1741 three starved Saxon cuirassier regiments under the generals von Birkholz and Dürrfeld von Münnichsberg moved to the Saar monastery to eat there. They then moved to Groß Lossenitz on January 1, 1742, during which a unit under General Polastron was quartered in Borau .
After the abolition of patrimonial Velká Losenice formed from 1850 a municipality in the political district of Přibyslav . In 1866 Prussian troops marched in. In 1868 the Polna District was formed. This was lifted again in 1884 and assigned to Velká Losenice in the Chotěboř district . 1949 Velká Losenice was assigned to the Okres Žďár nad Sázavou . Pořežín was incorporated in 1961.
Community structure
The municipality of Velká Losenice consists of the districts Pořežín ( Pesendorf ) and Velká Losenice ( Groß Losenitz ), which also form cadastral districts. Velká Losenice also includes the layers Samotín ( Samotin ) and Branty ( fires ).
Attractions
- Branty nature reserve, northeast of the village
- Peperek with remains of old tunnels
- Church of St. James the Elder, in 1888 the building received a new tower
- Chapel in Samotín
- Remnants of lime kilns