List of heads of state 1624

Overview
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Africa

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Sissinios (1607–1632)

Bamum (in today's Cameroon )
- King : Ngapina (1590–1629)

Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
- King / May: Umar (1619–1639)

Dahomey
- King : Dakodonu (1620-1645)

Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : Birayma Penda (1605–1649)

Kano
- King: Kutumbi (1623–1648)

Congo
- Mani-Congo : Pedro II. Afonso (1622-1624)
- Mani-Congo: Garcia I (1624–1626)

Morocco ( Saadier )
- Fez
  - Sultan : Abd al-Malik II (1623–1626) (1623–1631 Sultan in Marrakech)
- Marrakech (1623–1628 joint rule)
  - Sultan : Zaydan an-Nasr (1610-1628)
  - Sultan: Abd al-Malik II (1623–1631) (1623–1626 Sultan in Fez)

Munhumutapa Empire
- Ruler : Nyambo Kapararidze (1623–1629)

Rwanda
- King : Ruganzu II. (1600-1624)
- King: Mutara I (1624–1648)

Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
- Sultan : Rabat I (1616 / 17–1644 / 45)

America

Brazil
- Governor General: Diogo de Mendonça Furtado (1621–1624)
- Councilor : Marcos Tejeira , Antón de Mesquita Oliveira (1624–1625)

Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Viceroy : Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel (1621–1624)
- Viceroy: Rodrigo Pacheco y Osorio (1624–1635)

Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroy : Diego Fernández de Córdoba (1622–1629) (1612–1621 Viceroy of New Spain)

Asia

Burma
- Arakan
  - King: Thiri Thudhamma (1622–1638)
- Taungu
  - King : Anaukpetlun (1606–1628)

Brunei
- Sultan : Abdul Jailul Akhbar (1619–1649)

China ( Ming Dynasty )
- Emperor : Tianqi (1620–1627)

Georgia
- Imereti
  - King : Giorgi III. (1605-1639)
- Kakheti
  - King : Teimuras I ( 1605–1614, 1615–1616 , 1623–1633, 1636–1648 )
- Kartlien
  - King : Simon II (1619–1629)
- Mingrelia
  - Prince : Levan II. Dadiani (1611–1657)

India
- Ahom (Assam)
  - King : Susenghphaa (1603–1641)
- Dekkan Sultanates (in Central India)
  - Ahmadnagar
    - Sultan: Burhan Nizam Shah III. (1610–1631)
  - Bijapur
    - Sultan : Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
  - Golkonda (Qutub Shahi dynasty)
    - Sultan: Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
- Madurai
  - Nayak : Thirumalai Nayak (1623-1659)
- Mughal Empire
  - Mughal Mughal : Jahangir (1605–1627)
- Mysore
  - Maharaja: Chamaraja Wodeyar V. (1617–1637)
- Portuguese India
  - Viceroy : Francisco da Gama ( 1597–1600 , 1622–1628)
- Vijayanagar (in South India)
  - King : Rama Deva Raya (1617–1632)

Indonesia
- Aceh
  - Sultan : Iskandar I. Muda (1607–1636)
- Johor
  - Sultan : Abdul Jalil Shah III. (1623–1677)
- Dutch East Indies
  - Governor General : Pieter de Carpentier (1623–1627)

Japan
- Emperor (Tennō) : Go-Mizunoo (1611–1629)
- Shogun : Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623-1651)

Cambodia
- Interregnum (1622-1628)

Kazak Khanate
- Khan : Yesim Khan (1598–1628 / 35)

Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Injo (1623–1649)

Lan Xang (in what is now Laos )
- King : Pho Thisarath II (1623–1627)

Manchu
- Great Khan : Nurhaci (1616–1626)

Nepal
- Bhaktapur
  - King : Jagajjyoti Malla (1613–1637)
- Kantipur
  - King : Lakshminarasimha Malla (1620–1641)
- Lalitpur
  - King : Siddhi Narasimha (1620–1661)

Persia ( Safavid dynasty)
- Shah : Abbas I (1587–1629)

Philippines
- Maguindanao
  - Sultan: Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (1619–1671) (1645–1648 Sultan of Sulu)
- Sulu
  - Sultan: Muwallil Wasit (1610-1650)

Sri Lanka
- Kandy
  - King : Senarat (1604–1629)
- Portuguese Ceylon (Ceilaõ)
  - Governor General : Constantino de Sá de Noronha ( 1618–1622 , 1623–1630)

Thailand ( Ayutthaya )
- King : Songtham (1611-1628)
Thailand
- King : Songtham (1611-1628)

Vietnam
- Cao Bằng ( Mạc Dynasty )
  - Ruler: Mạc Kính Cung (1593–1625)
  - Ruler: Mạc Kính Khoan (1623–1638)
- Champa
  - King : Po Ramé (1627–1644)
- Lê dynasty
  - King: Lê Thần Tông (1619–1643, 1649–1662 )
- Nguyen (in the south of Vietnam)
  - Ruler: Nguyen Phuc Nguyen (1613–1635)
- Trinh
  - Ruler: Trịnh Tráng (1623–1657)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - King of France : Louis XIII. (1610-1643)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Luís Díes Aux de Armendáriz (1621–1627)

Denmark and Norway
- King : Christian IV (1588–1648)

England , Ireland and Scotland
- King : James I (1603–1625) (1567–1625 as James VI. In Scotland)

France
- King : Louis XIII. (1610-1643)

Holy Roman Empire
- King and Emperor : Ferdinand II. (1619–1637) (1617–1619, 1620–1637 King of Bohemia, 1619–1637 Archduke of Austria, 1619–1637 King of Hungary)
- Electoral College
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Elector : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Principality of Mainz
    - Elector : Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg (1604–1626)
  - Archbishopric of Trier
    - Elector : Philipp Christoph von Sötern (1623–1652) (1610–1652 Bishop of Speyer)
  - Kingdom of Bohemia
    - Elector : Ferdinand II ( 1617–1619 , 1620–1637) (1619–1637 Emperor, 1619–1637 Archduke of Austria, 1618–1637 King of Hungary)
  - Margraviate of Brandenburg
    - Elector : Georg Wilhelm (1619–1640) (1619–1640 Duke of Prussia)
  - Palatine County near the Rhine
    - Elector : Maximilian I of Bavaria (1623–1648) (1597–1648 Duke of Bavaria, 1648–1651 Elector of Bavaria)
  - Duchy of Saxony
    - Elector : Johann Georg I (1611–1656)
- spiritual imperial princes
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Heinrich V. von Knöringen (1599–1646)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann Georg II. Fuchs von Dornheim (1623–1633)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Wilhelm Rinck von Baldenstein (1608–1628)
  - Prince Provost Berchtesgaden
    - Provost : Ferdinand von Bayern (1594–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Archbishopric Bremen (1567–1648 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Johann Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1596–1634) (1607–1634 administrator of Lübeck, 1631–1634 administrator of Verden)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Charles of Austria (1613–1624) (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order 1618–1624)
  - Archbishopric of Cambrai
    - Archbishop : François van der Burch (1615–1644)
  - Hochstift Cammin (1557–1650 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Bogislaw of Pomerania (1623–1637) (1622–1625 Duke of Pomerania-Stettin, 1625–1637 Duke of Pomerania)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann V. Flugi (1601–1627)
  - Corvey Abbey
    - Abbot : Heinrich von Aschenbrock (1616–1624)
    - Abbot: Johann Christoph von Brambach (1624–1638)
  - Balleien of the Teutonic Order
    - Hoch- und Deutschmeister : Karl von Österreich (1618–1624) (1613–1624 Bishop of Brixen)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann Christoph von Westerstetten (1612–1637) (1603–1613 provost of Ellwangen)
  - Prince Provost Ellwangen
    - Provost : Johann Jakob Blarer von Wartensee (1621–1654)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Veit Adam von Gepeckh (1618–1651)
  - Fulda Abbey
    - Abbot : Johann Bernhard Schenk zu Schweinsberg (1623–1632)
  - Halberstadt Monastery
    - Sedis vacancy (1623-1625)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Prince Abbey of Kempten
    - Abbot : Johann Eucharius von Wolffurt (1616–1631)
  - Constance monastery
    - Bishop : Jakob Fugger (1604–1626)
  - Hochstift Lübeck (1555–1803 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Johann Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1607–1634) (1596–1634 administrator of Bremen, 1631–1634 administrator of Verden)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg (1566–1631, 1638–1680 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Christian Wilhelm von Brandenburg (1598–1631) (1625–1628 administrator of Halberstadt)
  - Hochstift Minden
    - Administrator : Christian von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1599–1625) (1611–1633 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Osnabrück Monastery
    - Bishop administrator : Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1623–1625)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1618–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Leopold of Austria (1598–1626) (until 1605 coadjutor) (1607–1626 Bishop of Strasbourg)
  - Ratzeburg Monastery (1554–1648 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : August I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1610–1636) (1633–1636 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Albert von Toerring-Stein (1613–1649)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Paris of Lodron (1619–1653)
  - Hochstift Schwerin (1533–1648 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Ulrich II of Denmark (1603–1624)
    - Administrator: Ulrich III. of Denmark (1624-1633)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Philipp Christoph von Sötern (1610–1652) (1623–1652 Archbishop of Trier)
  - Stablo-Malmedy Abbey
    - Abbot : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost from Berchtesgaden)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Leopold of Austria (1607–1626) (1598–1605 coadjutor of Passau, 1605–1626 bishop of Passau)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo (1600–1629)
  - Hochstift Verden (1568–1630 and 1634–1648 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Frederick of Denmark (1623–1629, 1634–1644 ) (1648–1670 King of Denmark and Norway, 1634–1648 Administrator of Bremen)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Georg Friedrich von Greiffenclau zu Vollrads (1616–1629) (1626–1629 Archbishop of Mainz)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Philipp Adolf von Ehrenberg (1623–1631)
- secular imperial princes
  - Principality of Anhalt
    - Anhalt-Bernburg
      - Prince : Christian I (1603–1630)
    - Anhalt-Dessau
      - Prince : Johann Kasimir (1618–1660)
    - Anhalt-Koethen
      - Prince : Ludwig I (1603–1650)
    - Anhalt-Plötzkau
      - Prince : August (1611–1653)
    - Anhalt-Zerbst
      - Prince : Johann VI. (1621-1667)
  - Arenberg
    - Prince : Philipp Karl (1616–1640)
  - Margraviate of Baden
    - Baden-Baden
      - Margrave : Wilhelm (1622–1677)
    - Baden-Durlach
      - Margrave : Friedrich V (1622–1659)
  - Bavaria
    - Duke : Maximilian I (1597–1651) (Elector from 1648) (1623–1648 Elector of the Palatinate)
  - Brandenburg-Ansbach
    - Margrave : Joachim Ernst (1603–1625)
  - Brandenburg-Bayreuth
    - Margrave : Christian (1603–1655)
  - Braunschweig-Lüneburg
    - Duke : Christian (1611–1633) (1599–1625 administrator of Minden)
  - Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
    - Duke : Friedrich Ulrich (1613–1634)
  - Hessen-Darmstadt
    - Landgrave : Ludwig V (1596–1626)
  - Hessen-Kassel
    - Landgrave : Moritz the Scholar (1592–1627)
  - Hohenzollern-Hechingen
    - Prince : Eitel Friedrich II. (1623–1661)
  - Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
    - Prince : Johann (1605–1638) (count until 1623)
  - Jülich and Berg
    - Duke : Wolfgang Wilhelm (1614–1653) (1614–1653 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg)
  - Leuchtenberg
    - Landgrave : Maximilian Adam (1621–1646)
  - Liechtenstein
    - Prince : Charles I (1608–1627)
  - Lorraine
    - Duke : Heinrich II. (1608–1624)
    - Duchess: Nicole (1624-1625)
  - Duchy of Mecklenburg
    - Mecklenburg-Guestrow
      - Duke : Johann Albrecht II. ( 1611–1628 , 1631–1636 )
    - Mecklenburg-Schwerin
      - Duke : Adolf Friedrich I (1592–1628, 1631–1658 ) (1631–1648 administrator of Schwerin)
  - Austria
    - Archduke : Ferdinand II. (1619–1637) (1619–1637 Emperor, 1617–1619, 1620–1637 King of Bohemia, 1619–1637 King of Hungary)
  - Pfalz-Neuburg
    - Count : Wolfgang Wilhelm (1614–1653) (1614–1653 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
  - Palatinate-Veldenz
    - Duke : Georg Gustav (1592–1634)
  - Pfalz-Zweibrücken
    - Duke : Johann II. (1604–1635)
  - Duchy of Pomerania
    - Pomerania-Szczecin
      - Duke : Bogislaw XIV (1620–1637) (1623–1637 administrator of Cammin)
    - Pomerania-Wolgast
      - Duke : Philipp Julius (1592-1625)
  - Duchy of Saxony
    - Saxony-Altenburg
      - Duke : Johann Philipp (1603–1639)
    - Saxe-Coburg
      - Duke : Johann Casimir (1586–1633)
    - Saxony-Eisenach
      - Duke : Johann Ernst (1596–1638)
    - Saxe-Weimar
      - Duke : Wilhelm IV. (1620–1662)
  - Saxony-Lauenburg
    - Duke : August (1619–1656)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
    - Duke : Friedrich III. (1616–1659)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Ærø
    - Duke: Christian (1622–1633)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
    - Duke: Alexander (1622–1627)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
    - Duke : Philipp (1622–1663)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
    - Duke : Johann Adolf (1622–1624)
    - Duke: Friedrich (1624–1658)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön
    - Duke : Joachim Ernst (1622–1671)
  - Württemberg
    - Duke : Johann Friedrich (1608–1628)
- other imperial estates (selection)
  - Hanau-Lichtenberg
    - Count : Johann Reinhard I (1599–1625)
  - Hanau-Munzenberg
    - Count : Philipp Moritz (1612–1638) (1612–1626 under guardianship)
      - Regent: Katharina Belgica of Orange-Nassau (1612–1626)
  - Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
    - Count : Karl (1620–1634)
  - lip
    - Lippe brake
      - Count : Otto (1621–1657)
    - Lippe-Detmold
      - Count : Simon VII (1613–1627)
  - Nassau
    - Ottonian line
      - Nassau-Diez
        Count : Ernst Casimir (1607–1632) (1620–1632 governor of Friesland, 1625–1632 governor of Groningen and Drenthe)
      - Nassau-Dillenburg
        
        Count : Ludwig Heinrich (1623–1662) (Prince from 1654)
        
        Count: Albrecht (1623–1626)
      - Nassau-Hadamar
        Count : Johann Ludwig (1607–1653) (prince from 1650)
      - Nassau-Siegen (Catholic line)
        Count : Johann VIII. (1623–1638)
      - Nassau-Siegen (reformed line)
        
        Count : Johann Moritz (1623–1679) (Prince from 1652)
        
        Count: Georg Friedrich (1623–1674) (from 1664 Prince)
        
        Count: Heinrich (1623-1652)
      - Nassau-Siegen-Hilchenbach
        Count: Wilhelm (1623–1642)
    - Walramic line
      - Nassau-Saarbrücken and Nassau-Weilburg
        Count : Ludwig II. (1602–1627) (1593–1602 Count of Nassau-Ottweiler)
  - Oldenburg
    - Count : Anton Günther (1603–1667)
  - Ortenburg
    - Count : George IV (1603–1627)
  - Ostfriesland
    - Count : Enno III. (1599-1625)
  - Reuss
    - Reuss older line
      - Reuss-Burgk
        Lord : Heinrich II. (1608–1639)
      - Reuss-Döhlau
        Lord : Heinrich IV. (1616–1636) (1608–1616 Lord of Reuss-Burgk)
      - Reuss-Greiz
        
        Lord : Heinrich IV. (1616–1625) (1604–1616 Lord of Reuss-Untergreiz, 1625–1629 Lord of Reuss-Obergreiz)
        
        Lord: Heinrich V. (1616–1625) (1604–1616, 1625–1667 Lord of Reuss-Untergreiz, 1643–1667 Lord of Reuss-Burgk)
    - Reuss younger line
      - Reuss-Gera
        Lord : Heinrich II. (1572–1635)
  - Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg
    - Count : Jobst Hermann (1622-1635)
  - Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    - Count : Karl Günther (1605–1630) (In Rudolstadt)
    - Count: Albrecht Günther (1612–1634) (in Frankenhausen) (until 1624 in Stadtilm)
    - Count: Ludwig Günther I. (1612–1646) (in Stadtilm) (until 1624 in Frankenhausen)
  - Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (common rule)
    - Count : Günther XLII. (1586-1643)
    - Count: Anton Heinrich (1586–1638)
    - Count: Johann Günther II. (1586–1631)
    - Count: Christian Günther I. (1586–1642)
  - Waldeck-Eisenberg
    - Count : Wolrad IV. (1607–1640) (1588–1607 Count of Waldeck)
  - Waldeck Wildungen
    - Count : Christian (1607–1637) (1588–1607 Count of Waldeck)

Italian states
- Genoa
  - Doge : Federico De Franchi (1623-1625)
- Guastalla
  - Duke : Ferrante II Gonzaga (1575–1632) (count until 1621)
- Papal States
  - Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644)
- Milan (1535–1706 to Spain)
  - Duke : Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665)
    - Governor : Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, Duke of Feria (1618–1625, 1631–1633 )
- Mantua (1533–1708 personal union with Montferrat)
  - Duke : Ferdinando Gonzaga (1612–1626)
- Massa and Carrara
  - Prince : Carlo I. Cybo-Malaspina (1623–1662)
- Mirandola
  - Duke : Alessandro I. Pico (1602–1637) (prince until 1619)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Cesare d'Este (1597–1628)
- Montferrat (1533–1708 personal union with Mantua)
  - Duke : Ferdinando Gonzaga (1612–1626)
- Naples (1503–1707 / 14 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665)
    - Viceroy : Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont, Duke of Alba (1622–1629)
- Parma and Piacenza
  - Duke : Odoardo I. Farnese (1622–1646)
- Piombino
  - Princess : Isabella Appiani (1611–1628)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Giuliano Belluzzi and Enea Bonelli (1623–1624)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Pietro Tosini Corbelli and Gian Giacomo Serafini (1624)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Lattanzio Valli and Michel Angelo Busignani (1624–1625)
- Savoy
  - Duke : Karl Emanuel I (1580–1630)
- Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665)
    - Viceroy : Philibert of Savoy (1622–1624)
    - Governor: Cardinal Giovanni Doria ( 1610–1611, 1616 , 1624–1626, 1639–1641 )
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke : Ferdinando II. De 'Medici (1621–1670)
- Urbino
  - Duke : Francesco Maria II. Della Rovere (1574–1631)
- Venice
  - Doge : Francesco Contarini (1623-1624)

Khanate of Crimea
- Khan : Mehmed III. Giray (1623-1628)

Courland
- Duke : Friedrich Kettler ( 1595-1616 , 1617-1642)

Malta
- Grand Master : Antoine de Paule (1623–1636)

Moldova (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Radu Mihnea ( 1616–1619 , 1623–1626) (1601–1602, 1611–1616, 1620–1623 Voivode of Wallachia)

Monaco
- Seigneur : Honoré II. (1604–1662) (from 1633 Prince)

Malta
- Grand Master : Antoine de Paule (1623–1636)

Moldova (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Radu Mihnea ( 1616–1619 , 1623–1626) (1601–1602, 1611–1616, 1620–1623 Voivode of Wallachia)

Monaco
- Seigneur : Honoré II. (1604–1662) (from 1633 Prince)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Murad IV (1623-1640)

Poland
- King : Sigismund III. Wasa (1587–1632) (1592–1599 King of Sweden)

Portugal (1580–1640 personal union with Spain)
- King : Philip III. (1621–1640) (1621–1665 King of Spain)

Prussia
- Duke : Georg Wilhelm (1619–1640) (1619–1640 Elector of Brandenburg)

Russia
- Tsar : Michael I (1613–1645)

Sweden
- King : Gustav II Adolf (1611–1632)

Transylvania
- Prince : Gabriel Bethlen (1613–1629)

Spain
- King : Philip IV (1621–1665) (1621–1640 King of Portugal)

Hungary
- King : Ferdinand II. (1619–1637) (1619–1637 Emperor, 1617–1619, 1620–1637 King of Bohemia, 1619–1637 Archduke of Austria)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Voivode : Alexandru Coconul (1623–1627) (1629–1630 Prince of Moldova)