List of heads of state 1620

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Africa

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Sissinios (1607–1632)

• Bamum (in today's Cameroon )
  • King : Ngapina (1590–1629)

• Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
  • King / May: Umar (1619–1639)

• Dahomey
  • King : Dakodonu (1620-1645)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Birayma Penda (1605–1649)

• Kano
  • King: Muhammad Nazaki (1618–1623)

• Congo
  • Mani-Congo : Alvaro III. (1615-1622)

• Morocco ( Saadier )
  • Fez
    • Sultan : Abdullah (1613–1623)
  • Marrakesh
    • Sultan : Zaydan an Nasr (1610–1628)

• Munhumutapa Empire
  • Ruler : Gatsi Rusere (1589–1623)

• Rwanda
  • King : Ruganzu II. (1600-1624)

• Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
  • Sultan : Rabat I (1616 / 17–1644 / 45)

America

• Brazil
  • Governor General: Luís de Sousa (1617–1621)

• Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • Viceroy : Diego Fernández de Córdoba (1612–1621) (1621–1629 Viceroy of Peru)

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : Francisco de Borja y Aragón (1615–1621)

Asia

• Burma
  • Arakan
    • King: Min Khamaung (1612–1622)
  • Taungu
    • King : Anaukpetlun (1606–1628)

• Brunei
  • Sultan : Abdul Jailul Akhbar (1619–1649)

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Wanli (1572-1620)
  • Emperor: Taichang (1620)
  • Emperor: Tianqi (1620–1627)

• Georgia
  • Imereti
    • King : Giorgi III. (1605-1639)
  • Kakheti
    • King : Peykar Khan (1616–1623)
  • Kartlien
    • King : Simon II (1619–1629)
  • Mingrelia
    • Prince : Levan II. Dadiani (1611–1657)

• India
  • Ahom (in today's Assam)
    • King : Susenghphaa (1603–1641)
  • Dekkan Sultanates (in Central India)
    • Ahmadnagar
      • Sultan: Burhan Nizam Shah III. (1610–1631)
    • Bijapur
      • Sultan : Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
    • Golkonda (Qutub Shahi dynasty)
      • Sultan: Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
  • Madurai
    • Nayak : Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)
  • Mughal Empire
    • Mughal Mughal : Jahangir (1605–1627)
  • Mysore (in what is now Karnataka)
    • Maharaja: Chamaraja Wodeyar V. (1617–1637)
  • Portuguese India
    • Viceroy : Fernão de Albuqueruqe (1619–1622)
  • Vijayanagar (in South India)
    • King : Rama Deva Raya (1617–1632)

• Indonesia
  • Aceh
    • Sultan : Iskandar I. Muda (1607–1636)
  • Johor
    • Sultan : Abdullah Maayat Shah (1615–1623)
  • Dutch East Indies
    • Governor General : Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1619–1623, 1627–1629 )

• Japan
  • Emperor (Tennō) : Go-Mizunoo (1611–1629)
  • Shogun : Tokugawa Hidetada (1605-1623)

• Cambodia
  • King : Chettha II (1618–1622)

• Kazak Khanate
  • Khan : Yesim Khan (1598–1628 / 35)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Gwanghaegun (1608–1623)

• Lan Xang (in what is now Laos )
  • King : Voravongse II. (1596–1621)

• Manchu
  • Great Khan : Nurhaci (1616–1626)

• Nepal
  • Bhaktapur
    • King : Jagajjyoti Malla (1613–1637)
  • Kantipur
    • King : Lakshminarasimha Malla (1620–1641)
  • Lalitpur
    • King : Siddhi Narasimha (1620–1661)

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty)
  • Shah : Abbas I (1587–1629)

• Philippines
  • Maguindanao
    • Sultan: Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (1619–1671) (1645–1648 Sultan of Sulu)
  • Sulu
    • Sultan: Muwallil Wasit (1610-1650)

• Sri Lanka
  • Kandy
    • King : Senarat (1604–1629)
  • Portuguese Ceylon (Ceilaõ)
    • Governor General : Constantino de Sá de Noronha (1618–1622, 1623–1630 )

• Thailand ( Ayutthaya )
  • King : Songtham (1611-1628)

• Vietnam
  • Cao Bằng ( Mạc Dynasty )
    • King: Mạc Kính Cung (1593–1625)
  • Champa
    • King : Po Ramé (1627–1644)
  • Lê dynasty
    • King: Lê Thần Tông (1619–1643, 1649–1662 )
  • Nguyen (in the south of Vietnam)
    • Ruler: Nguyen Phuc Nguyen (1613–1635)
  • Trinh
    • Ruler: Trinh Tung (1570–1623)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of France : Louis XIII. (1610-1643)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Bernat de Salbà i de Salbà (1610–1620)

• Denmark and Norway
  • King : Christian IV (1588–1648)

• England , Ireland and Scotland
  • King : James I (1603–1625) (1567–1625 as James VI. In Scotland)

• France
  • King : Louis XIII. (1610-1643)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King and Emperor : Ferdinand II. (1619–1637) (1617–1619, 1620–1637 King of Bohemia, 1619–1637 Archduke of Austria, 1619–1637 King of Hungary)
  • Electoral College
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Elector : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Principality of Mainz
      • Elector : Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg (1604–1626)
    • Archbishopric of Trier
      • Elector : Lothar von Metternich (1599–1623)
    • Kingdom of Bohemia
      • Elector : Friedrich von der Pfalz (1619–1620) (1610–1623 Count Palatine near the Rhine)
      • Elector: Ferdinand II ( 1617–1619 , 1620–1637) (1619–1637 Emperor, 1619–1637 Archduke of Austria, 1619–1637 King of Hungary)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg
      • Elector : Georg Wilhelm (1619–1640) (1619–1640 Duke of Prussia)
    • Palatine County near the Rhine
      • Elector : Friedrich V (1610–1623) (1619–1620 King of Bohemia)
    • Duchy of Saxony
      • Elector : Johann Georg I (1611–1656)
  • spiritual imperial princes
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Heinrich V. von Knöringen (1599–1646)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen (1609–1622) (1617–1622 Bishop of Würzburg)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Wilhelm Rinck von Baldenstein (1608–1628)
    • Prince Provost Berchtesgaden
      • Provost : Ferdinand von Bayern (1594–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Archbishopric Bremen (1567–1648 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Johann Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1596–1634) (1607–1634 administrator of Lübeck, 1631–1634 administrator of Verden)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Charles of Austria (1613–1624) (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order 1618–1624)
    • Archbishopric of Cambrai
      • Archbishop : François van der Burch (1615–1644)
    • Hochstift Cammin (1557–1650 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Ulrich von Pommern (1618–1622)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann V. Flugi (1601–1627)
    • Corvey Abbey
      • Abbot : Heinrich von Aschenbrock (1616–1624)
    • Balleien of the Teutonic Order
      • Hoch- und Deutschmeister : Karl von Österreich (1618–1624) (1613–1624 Bishop of Brixen)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Christoph von Westerstetten (1612–1637) (1603–1613 provost of Ellwangen)
    • Prince Provost Ellwangen
      • Provost : Johann Christoph von Freyberg-Eisenberg (1613–1620)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Veit Adam von Gepeckh (1618–1651)
    • Fulda Abbey
      • Abbot : Johann Friedrich von Schwalbach (1606–1622)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Administrator : Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1616–1623)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Prince Abbey of Kempten
      • Abbot : Johann Eucharius von Wolffurt (1616–1631)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Jakob Fugger (1604–1626)
    • Hochstift Lübeck (1555–1803 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Johann Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1607–1634) (1596–1634 administrator of Bremen, 1631–1634 administrator of Verden)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg (1566–1631, 1638–1680 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Christian Wilhelm von Brandenburg (1598–1631) (1625–1628 administrator of Halberstadt)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Administrator : Christian von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1599–1625) (1611–1633 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Administrator : Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1591–1623) (1586–1623 Administrator von Verden)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1618–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1594–1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612–1650 Dept. from Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Leopold of Austria (1598–1626) (until 1605 coadjutor) (1607–1626 Bishop of Strasbourg)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery (1554–1648 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : August I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1610–1636) (1633–1636 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Albert von Toerring-Stein (1613–1649)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Paris of Lodron (1619–1653)
    • Hochstift Schwerin (1533–1648 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Ulrich II of Denmark (1603–1624)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Philipp Christoph von Sötern (1610–1652) (1623–1652 Archbishop of Trier)
    • Stablo-Malmedy Abbey
      • Abbot : Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612–1650) (1612–1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612–1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612–1650 Bishop of Lüttich, 1612–1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618–1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594–1650 Provost from Berchtesgaden)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Leopold of Austria (1607–1626) (1598–1605 coadjutor of Passau, 1605–1626 bishop of Passau)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo (1600–1629)
    • Hochstift Verden (1568–1630 and 1634–1648 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1586–1623) (1591–1623 Administrator of Osnabrück)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : Georg Friedrich von Greiffenclau zu Vollrads (1616–1629) (1626–1629 Archbishop of Mainz)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen (1617–1622) (1609–1622 Bishop of Bamberg)
  • secular imperial princes
    • Principality of Anhalt
      • Anhalt-Bernburg
        • Prince : Christian I (1603–1630)
      • Anhalt-Dessau
        • Prince : Johann Kasimir (1618–1660)
      • Anhalt-Koethen
        • Prince : Ludwig I (1603–1650)
      • Anhalt-Plötzkau
        • Prince : August (1611–1653)
      • Anhalt-Zerbst
        • Prince : Rudolf (1603–1621)
    • Arenberg
      • Prince : Philipp Karl (1616–1640)
    • Margraviate of Baden
      • Baden-Baden (occupied by Baden-Durlach 1594–1622)
        • Margrave : Georg Friedrich (1604–1622)
      • Baden-Durlach
        • Margrave : Georg Friedrich (1604–1622)
    • Bavaria
      • Duke : Maximilian I (1597–1651) (Elector from 1648) (1623–1648 Elector of the Palatinate)
    • Brandenburg-Ansbach
      • Margrave : Joachim Ernst (1603–1625)
    • Brandenburg-Bayreuth
      • Margrave : Christian (1603–1655)
    • Braunschweig-Lüneburg
      • Duke : Christian (1611–1633) (1599–1625 administrator of Minden)
    • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
      • Duke : Friedrich Ulrich (1613–1634)
    • Hessen-Darmstadt
      • Landgrave : Ludwig V (1596–1626)
    • Hessen-Kassel
      • Landgrave : Moritz the Scholar (1592–1627)
    • Jülich and Berg
      • Duke : Wolfgang Wilhelm (1614–1653) (1614–1653 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg)
    • Leuchtenberg
      • Landgrave : Wilhelm (1614–1621)
    • Liechtenstein
      • Prince : Charles I (1608–1627)
    • Lorraine
      • Duke : Heinrich II. (1608–1624)
    • Duchy of Mecklenburg
      • Mecklenburg-Guestrow
        • Duke : Johann Albrecht II. ( 1611–1628 , 1631–1636 )
      • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
        • Duke : Adolf Friedrich I (1592–1628, 1631–1658 ) (1631–1648 administrator of Schwerin)
    • Austria
      • Archduke : Ferdinand II. (1619–1637) (1619–1637 Emperor, 1617–1619, 1620–1637 King of Bohemia, 1619–1637 King of Hungary)
    • Pfalz-Neuburg
      • Count : Wolfgang Wilhelm (1614–1653) (1614–1653 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
    • Palatinate-Veldenz
      • Duke : Georg Gustav (1592–1634)
    • Pfalz-Zweibrücken
      • Duke : Johann II. (1604–1635)
    • Duchy of Pomerania
      • Pomerania-Szczecin
        • Duke : Franz (1618–1620) (1602–1618 administrator of Cammin)
        • Duke: Bogislaw XIV (1620–1637) (1623–1637 administrator of Cammin)
      • Pomerania-Wolgast
        • Duke : Philipp Julius (1592-1625)
    • Duchy of Saxony
      • Saxony-Altenburg
        • Duke : Johann Philipp (1603–1639)
      • Saxe-Coburg
        • Duke : Johann Casimir (1586–1633)
      • Saxony-Eisenach
        • Duke : Johann Ernst (1596–1638)
      • Saxe-Weimar
        • Duke : Johann Ernst I (1605–1620)
        • Duke: Wilhelm IV. (1620–1662)
    • Saxony-Lauenburg
      • Duke : August (1619–1656)
    • Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
      • Duke : Friedrich III. (1616–1659)
    • Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
      • Duke: Johann (1564–1622)
    • Württemberg
      • Duke : Johann Friedrich (1608–1628)
  • other imperial estates (selection)
    • Hanau-Lichtenberg
      • Count : Johann Reinhard I (1599–1625)
    • Hanau-Munzenberg
      • Count : Philipp Moritz (1612–1638) (1612–1626 under guardianship)
        • Regent: Katharina Belgica of Orange-Nassau (1612–1626)
    • Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
      • Count : Johann Christoph (1592-1620)
      • Count: Karl (1620–1634)
    • Hohenzollern-Hechingen
      • Count : Johann Georg (1605–1623) (from 1623 Prince)
    • Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
      • Count : Johann (1605–1638) (from 1623 Prince)
    • lip
      • Count : Simon VII (1613–1627)
    • Nassau
      • Ottonian line
        • Nassau-Beilstein (inherits Nassau-Dillenburg, will be called Nassau-Dillenburg in the future)
          • Count : Georg (1607–1620) (1620–1623 Count of Nassau-Dillenburg)
        • Nassau-Diez
          • Count : Ernst Casimir (1607–1632) (1620–1632 governor of Friesland, 1625–1632 governor of Groningen and Drenthe)
        • Nassau-Dillenburg
          • Count : Wilhelm Ludwig (1607–1620) (1584–1620 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)
          • Count: Georg (1620–1623) (1607–1620 Count of Nassau-Beilstein)
        • Nassau-Hadamar
          • Count : Johann Ludwig (1607–1653) (prince since 1650)
        • Nassau victories
          • Count : Johann VII. (1607–1623)
      • Walramic line
        • Nassau-Saarbrücken and Nassau-Weilburg
          • Count : Ludwig II. (1602–1627) (1593–1602 Count of Nassau-Ottweiler)
    • Oldenburg
      • Count : Anton Günther (1603–1667)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : George IV (1603–1627)
    • Ostfriesland
      • Count : Enno III. (1599-1625)
    • Reuss
      • Reuss older line
        • Reuss-Burgk
          • Lord : Heinrich II. (1608–1639)
        • Reuss-Döhlau
          • Lord : Heinrich IV. (1616–1636) (1608–1616 Lord of Reuss-Burgk)
        • Reuss-Greiz
          • Lord : Heinrich IV. (1616–1625) (1604–1616 Lord of Reuss-Untergreiz, 1625–1629 Lord of Reuss-Obergreiz)
          • Lord: Heinrich V. (1616–1625) (1604–1616, 1625–1667 Lord of Reuss-Untergreiz, 1643–1667 Lord of Reuss-Burgk)
      • Reuss younger line
        • Reuss-Gera
          • Lord : Heinrich II. (1572–1635)
    • Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg
      • Count : Ernst (1601–1622)
    • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
      • Count : Karl Günther (1605–1630) (In Rudolstadt)
      • Count: Albrecht Günther (1612–1634) (in Stadtilm)
      • Count: Ludwig Günther I (1612–1646) (in Frankenhausen)
    • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (common rule)
      • Count : Günther XLII. (1586-1643)
      • Count: Anton Heinrich (1586–1638)
      • Count: Johann Günther II. (1586–1631)
      • Count: Christian Günther I. (1586–1642)
    • Waldeck-Eisenberg
      • Count : Wolrad IV. (1607–1640) (1588–1607 Count of Waldeck)
    • Waldeck Wildungen
      • Count : Christian (1607–1637) (1588–1607 Count of Waldeck)

• Italian states
  • Genoa
    • Doge : Pietro Durazzo (1619-1621)
  • Guastalla
    • Count : Ferrante II. Gonzaga (1575–1632) (from 1621 duke)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Paul V (1605-1621)
  • Milan (1535–1706 to Spain)
    • Duke : Philip III. of Spain (1598–1621)
      • Governor : Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, Duke of Feria (1618–1625, 1631–1633 )
  • Mantua (1533–1708 personal union with Montferrat)
    • Duke : Ferdinando Gonzaga (1612–1626)
  • Massa and Carrara
    • Prince : Alberico I. Cybo-Malaspina (1554–1623)
  • Mirandola
    • Duke : Alessandro I. Pico (1602–1637) (prince until 1619)
  • Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Cesare d'Este (1597–1628)
  • Montferrat (1533–1708 personal union with Mantua)
    • Duke : Ferdinando Gonzaga (1612–1626)
  • Naples (1503–1707 / 14 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King : Philip III. of Spain (1598–1621)
      • Viceroy : Pedro Téllez-Girón y Velasco, Duke of Osuna (1616–1620)
      • Viceroy: Cardinal Gaspar de Borja y Velasco (1620)
      • Viceroy: Cardinal Antonio Zapata y Cisneros (1620–1622)
  • Parma and Piacenza
    • Duke : Ranuccio I Farnese (1592–1622)
  • Piombino
    • Princess : Isabella Appiani (1611–1628)
  • San Marino
    • Capitani Reggenti : Orazio Belluzzi and Andrea Giannini (1619–1620)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Giuliano Belluzzi and Teodoro Leonardelli (1620)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Camillo Bonelli and Belluzzo Belluzzi (1620–1621)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Karl Emanuel I (1580–1630)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King : Philip III. of Spain (1598–1621)
      • Viceroy : Francisco Ruiz de Castro, Count of Lemos (1616–1622)
  • Tuscany
    • Grand Duke : Cosimo II. De 'Medici (1609–1621)
  • Urbino
    • Duke : Francesco Maria II. Della Rovere (1574–1631)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Antonio Priuli (1618-1623)

• Khanate of Crimea
  • Khan : Canibek Giray (1610-1623, 1628-1635 )

• Courland
  • Duke : Friedrich Kettler ( 1595-1616 , 1617-1642)

• Malta
  • Grand Master : Alof de Wignacourt (1601–1622)

• Moldova (under Ottoman rule)
  • Prince : Gaspar Gratiani (1619–1620)
  • Prince: Alexandru Ilias (1620–1621, 1631–1633 )

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Honoré II. (1604–1662) (from 1633 Prince)

• Netherlands (rule disputed Eighty Years War )
  • Republic of the Seven United Provinces (formally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1648)
    • Friesland
      • Governor : Wilhelm-Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg (1584–1620) (1606–1620 Count of Nassau-Dillenburg)
      • Governor: Ernst Casimir von Nassau-Diez (1620–1632) (1607–1632 Count of Nassau-Diez)
    • Groningen and Drenthe
      • Governor : Wilhelm-Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg (1584–1620) (1606–1620 Count of Nassau-Dillenburg)
      • Governor: Moritz of Orange (1620–1625)
    • Holland and Zeeland
      • Governor : Moritz of Orange (1585–1625)
    • Overijssel and Gelderland
      • Governor : Moritz of Orange (1590–1625)
    • Utrecht
      • Governor : Moritz of Orange (1589–1625)
  • Spanish Netherlands (1598–1621 independent rule of Albrecht VII and his wife Isabella Clara Eugenia) (formally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1714/95)
    • Governor : Albrecht VII of Habsburg (1596–1621) (1583–1585 Viceroy of Portugal)
    • Governor: Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (1598–1621)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Osman II (1618-1622)

• Poland
  • King : Sigismund III. Wasa (1587–1632) (1592–1599 King of Sweden)

• Portugal (1580–1640 personal union with Spain)
  • King : Philip II (1598–1621) (1598–1621 King of Spain)
    • Viceroy : Diego de Silva y Mendoza (1619–1621)

• Prussia
  • Duke : Georg Wilhelm (1619–1640) (1619–1640 Elector of Brandenburg)

• Russia
  • Tsar : Michael I (1613–1645)

• Sweden
  • King : Gustav II Adolf (1611–1632)

• Transylvania
  • Prince : Gabriel Bethlen (1613–1629)

• Spain
  • King : Philip III. (1598–1621) (1598–1621 King of Portugal)

• Hungary
  • King : Ferdinand II. (1619–1637) (1619–1637 Emperor, 1617–1619, 1620–1637 King of Bohemia, 1619–1637 Archduke of Austria)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Voivode : Gabriel Movila ( 1616 , 1618–1620)
  • Voivode: Radu Mihnea ( 1601–1602, 1611–1616 , 1620–1623) (1616–1619, 1623–1626 Prince of Moldova)