Saarlouis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Saarlouis
Saarlouis
Map of Germany, position of the city of Saarlouis highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 19 '  N , 6 ° 45'  E

Basic data
State : Saarland
County : Saarlouis
Height : 181 m above sea level NHN
Area : 43.27 km 2
Residents: 34,522 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 798 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 66740
Area code : 06831
License plate : SLS
Community key : 10 0 44 115
City structure: 8 districts

City administration address : 		Großer Markt 1
66740 Saarlouis
Website : www.saarlouis.de
Lord Mayor : Peter Demmer ( SPD )
Location of the city of Saarlouis in the Saarlouis district
Frankreich Frankreich Regionalverband Saarbrücken Landkreis Neunkirchen Landkreis St. Wendel Landkreis Merzig-Wadern Rehlingen-Siersburg Wallerfangen Überherrn Dillingen/Saar Saarlouis Wadgassen Bous (Saar) Ensdorf (Saar) Schwalbach (Saar) Saarwellingen Nalbach Schmelz (Saar) Lebachmap
About this picture

Saarlouis ([ zaːrˈlʊɪ ], listen ? / I , French Sarrelouis ; between 1793 and 1810 Sarre-Libre , from 1936 to 1945 Saarlautern , listen ? / I ) is the sixth largest city in Saarland with around 35,000 inhabitants . The city is the administrative seat of the Saarlouis district and is a school and trade center. The economic focus is the automotive industry . Audio file / audio sample Audio file / audio sample

geography

Location of Saarlouis on the central Saar, panorama map "Die Deutsche Saar" for the reclassification of Saarlouis to the German Reich in 1935

Saarlouis is geographically located in a section of the central Saar Valley in which the river, through erosion of the crumbly sandstone and the sands of the Middle Buntsandstein on the border of the Saarland-Lorraine plains and the Saar-Nahe mountains, created a spacious oval basin facing east rises in a diluvial terrace staircase and is bordered in the west by the striking layer of the upper red sandstone . The north-south extension of the Saarlouis basin is around 15 km, the west-east extension is 9 km. The big market with the Ludwigskirche forms roughly the center of the Saarlouis basin and lies entirely on the lower terrace of the Saar at a height of approx. 181 m above sea ​​level . The leveling point on the church portal, which was attached in Prussian times in 1894 after the fortress was razed, marks a height of 180.82 m above sea level.

Leveling point at the Church of St. Ludwig (Saarlouis) from 1894, "TP" means triangulation point

The Saar cut into this clearance basin by approx. 8-10 m and later created a wide, swampy floodplain with several branches of the river, oxbow lakes , bank walls and small basins through lateral bank erosion and embankment . At the time before the city of Saarlouis was founded, the area of ​​today's city center was overgrown by a permanently wet, temporarily dammed, swampy swamp forest made up mainly of oaks and alders. This natural vegetation was interrupted by artificially created meadows and fields that were used for agriculture. The Saar flowed in meandering loops through the valley. The Lisdorfer Au and the tiles were already under water at a water height of 6.60 m above normal water level.

This constellation of terrain offered excellent conditions for building a flood fortress. The extensive flood plain, which was easily flooded artificially, offered protection against direct attacks, while the surrounding mountain ranges were so far away from the future city center that, according to the military technology of the time, no gunfire could be directed into the city from the heights. A trade route, the Flandrisch-Lampartische Strasse, which was important at the time and which was controlled by the fortress, ran through the area along the Saar. The location also guaranteed a good military technical connection to the French hinterland.

In the course of the city's history, the Saar repeatedly caused devastating floods, which could only be prevented by separating the river from the city center and moving it towards the town of Roden . However, this resulted in lowering of the groundwater in the city center, which weakened the subsoil of the city of marl, clay and sand in its load-bearing structure and damaged buildings.

City structure

The districts of Saarlouis are:

Neighboring communities

The district town of Saarlouis borders in a clockwise direction on the following municipalities:

The core city of Saarlouis is surrounded clockwise by the following districts: Roden, Fraulautern, Lisdorf, Picard and Beaumarais.

Rainfall per month

climate

The annual precipitation is 717 mm. The driest month is April. It rains most in December. 44% of the measuring locations of the German Weather Service show lower values; the precipitation is thus in the middle third. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the lower tenth. In 1% of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less.

history

founding

"Plan de Sarlouis et de la Situation", map of the fortress and its surroundings around 1740 (Saarlouis City Archives)
Infrastructural connection of the city of Saarlouis via postal routes in 1786

With the Peace of Nijmegen in 1679, Lorraine fell to France . A year later, in 1680, the French King Louis XIV ( Louis XIV ) had Saarlouis (original name: Sarre-Louis ) built to protect the new eastern border and the fortress of Metz . The name of the "Französische Straße" in Saarlouis still indicates this function, because the German Gate in Metz in combination with the "Porte de Sarrelouis" (Saarlouiser Tor) of the Metz fortress Bellecroix corresponded in military terms with the "French Gate" in Saarlouis . The French master builder Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban designed the fortress city on the Saar in a symmetrical star shape with six bastions that were used to set up cannons. The plans for this came from Thomas de Choisy . An important element of the defenses is the pont-écluse ( lock bridge ). In the event of a defense , the Saar, flowing through the city, could be dammed up by means of inlaid beams in order to flood the surrounding area, based on the principle of an inundation fortress (flood fortress). This should make it difficult for a besiegers to bring cannons to the city and dig earthworks and trenches.

After the city of Saarlouis was founded, the inhabitants of the fortified city of Wallerfangen (French: Vaudrevange) were forcibly relocated to the new city in 1687/88. In the course of this, most of the buildings in Wallerfangen were demolished in order to obtain building material for the houses in Saarlouis. Wallerfangen developed back into a settlement consisting of a few individual farmsteads. Originally, the fortress construction engineers had planned to develop Wallerfangen as a fortress, but the nearby Limberg would have allowed the city to be bombed from above in the event of war. Thus Wallerfangen was given up as a fortress and the new fortress was built at a sufficient distance from the Limberg at the current location of Saarlouis.

In connection with the establishment of the city, some new settlements emerged in the surrounding area, for example Beaumarais , Picard , Bourg-Dauphin (today Neuforweiler ) and Felsberg (quarries). The history of the Dillinger Hütte is also shaped by the development of the fortress, especially by the need for hardware during construction.

From now on, the city of Saarlouis was to function as the capital of the newly created Province de la Sarre (Saar Province ). During a visit in 1683, Ludwig XIV gave Saarlouis the city coat of arms with the rising sun and the three Bourbon lilies . The motto of the coat of arms is Dissipat Atque Fovet : It (the sun) scatters (the clouds) and warms (the earth).

According to the Lisdorfer Weistum of 1458, the building site of the Saarlouis fortress was originally owned by the Premonstratensian Abbey of Wadgassen . Within today's inner city area, the Fraulautern Abbey and some citizens of the then city of Wallerfangen had free goods, but these were subject to the sovereignty (not the manorial rule ) of the Wadgassen Abbey. Wadgassen thus had high jurisdiction, hunting rights and other regalia . With the construction of the fortress, Wadgassen had to cede the area to the French king.

See also:

Fortifications

The former Saarlouis fortress still determines the hexagonal layout of the city center today . In addition to the buildings by Vauban, there are also some structures that were built after the withdrawal of the French from the Prussians in 1816 under the overall direction of Major General Gustav von Rauch , the General Inspector of all Prussian fortresses.

From 1887 the fortress was razed , but in the north of the city center there are ramparts and moats of the fortress. The walls are now used by the catering industry under the name of casemates , while the water-filled trenches were integrated into the urban green spaces . The monuments to Marshal Ney and the soldier Lacroix are now on Vauban Island , a former demi-lune . Fort Rauch street is a reminder of the fortification expansion from 1816 under the overall direction of the later Prussian Minister of War von Rauch .

In the inner city area there are a number of former barracks , which are now used as a museum and shopping center, among other things . The so-called Vauban barracks from 1680 is the oldest of its kind.

The fortress town of Neuf-Brisach (Neubreisach), also built by Vauban and located in Alsace, is very similar in construction and location to Saarlouis and has largely been preserved in its original state to this day.

Between Lorraine and France

Lorraine regained its sovereignty in 1697, but Saarlouis remained a French exclave . On the occasion of the death of the French king and city founder of Saarlouis, Ludwig XIV., On September 1, 1715 in Versailles, a solemn ministry of the soul and a forty-day prayer for the redemption of the parish church of St. Ludwig was held in the Saarlouis parish church on December 1 of the same year Soul of the late king from purgatory .

On the occasion of the celebration of the centenary of the city of Saarlouis and the birth of the French Dauphin Louis Joseph Xavier François de Bourbon (born October 22, 1781 in Versailles; † June 4, 1789 at Meudon Palace), a high mass was held on November 11, 1781 with a solemn Te Deum celebrated in St. Ludwig. The city held a celebration in the town hall and the military in the commandant's office. A bonfire ended the holiday. Special religious and civil celebrations took place in St. Ludwig on the occasion of the birth of all the royal princes of the House of Bourbon .

In the course of the French Revolution , clerics were persecuted . The city was given the name Sarre-Libre on July 22, 1793 for anti-royalist reasons , which was reversed in 1810.

On the occasion of Napoleon's coronation celebrations on December 2, 1804 in the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral as " Emperor of the French ", Saarlouis celebrated its own festival on January 6, 1805 with bonfires on the surrounding highlands, illumination of the city and a celebratory Te Deum in St. Ludwig. On the following anniversaries of Napoleon's birthday (August 15) and on the anniversaries of the (self-) coronation of the new emperor, the municipality of Saarlouis financed a young Saarlouis girl who married a soldier at the front with a cash as marriage goods. The related church weddings were then carried out in St. Ludwig. At the wedding feast of Napoleon with Marie-Louise of Austria in 1810, two Saarlouis bridal couples were even given the dowry .

In addition, with the Napoleon Festival of 1811, a celebratory Te Deum was celebrated in St. Ludwig on the occasion of the birth of the heir to the throne, Napoleon Franz Bonaparte , who saw the light of day in Paris on March 20, 1811. Here, too, the outside of the Saarlouis church was magnificently illuminated, and the inscription "Iam nova progenies coelo demittitur alto. Pacatumque reget patriis virtutibus orbem" was emblazoned above the entrance. (German translation: A new sprout will be sent down high from heaven. He will rule over an earth pacified by the high powers of his father.) The verses that refer to the oracles of the Sibylline books were Virgil's fourth eclogue taken.

With the fall of Napoleon and the re-establishment of the Bourbons , the Ludwigstag was celebrated again in Saarlouis on August 25, 1814. During the high mass in the parish church, people prayed for the divine blessing to be sent down to the brother of King Louis XVI, who was officially decapitated during the revolution . , Louis XVIII. Bells ringing and a gun salute from the cannon barrels of the fortress city flanked the church celebration.

Incorporation into the Kingdom of Prussia

With the Congress of Vienna and the Second Peace of Paris on November 20, 1815, Saarlouis came to the Kingdom of Prussia . The story of the soldier Lacroix also dates from this time .

During a stay in Saarbrücken on November 27, 1815 , the Prussian State Chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg gave Mathias Simon, who was in the Prussian service and who had previously acted as a judge in Trier, the power to use the new area under the title "Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine" Incorporate Kingdom of Prussia. The French garrison left the city on December 1, 1815, and the white lily banner of the Bourbons was lowered from the church tower of St. Ludwig. The fortress Saarlouis and its surrounding area were owned by Simon on December 2, 1815 as part of a celebration in St. Ludwig with the singing of the prayer "Salvum fac regem", this time in reference to the ruler of Prussia, in the possession of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. taken:

Ownership patent of the city and fortress Saarlouis and the other areas, places and places of the Moselle department separated from France by the peace treaty of November 20, 1815 (Saarlouis district archive)

"I, the undersigned, Königlich-Prussischer Oberappelations-Rath in the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine, power of the above power of attorney, Royal Prussian Commissioner, to take possession of the areas, places and places ceded by France to Prussia, and until the definitive organization with the upper administration of these areas, Oerter and places, commissioned.

After today, December 2nd, seven o'clock in the morning, the solemnity of the taking of possession was announced by the ringing of the bells, (I) went to the main church at 10 o'clock, where the Lord Mayor of Saarlouis, along with his alderman, and all members of the magistrate, then all other public officials, had gathered.

The Royal Prussian Major General von Steinmetz , the commanding general, in the areas, places and places ceded by the peace treaty of November 20, were also present, along with their general staff.

The Royal Prussian military present in Saarlouis had come under rifle and the celebratory procession was accompanied by the vigilante guard and their music.

I, the undersigned Royal Commissioner, with the consent of the Major General von Steinmetz, High Born, read out the above power of attorney from the State Chancellor, Prince von Hardenberg Your Highness, and informed the assembly of my mission.

Immediately the Lord Mayor and all members of the Magistrate, in their own name and as representatives of the residents, were committed to the new sovereign, Sr. Majesty, King Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia and his successors.

A separate written act was drawn up in this regard and signed by all members of the magistrate.

The whole gathering sounded three cheers for the new sovereign.

Accordingly, in my capacity as Royal Commissioner, and with regard to the taking of possession of the Saarlouis fortress in agreement with Major-General von Steinmetz and his presence, I declared that the real taking over of the city and fortress of Saarlouis, and all other places Cantons of Saarlouis and Rehlingen, and Sirck of the Moselle department, which by the peace treaty of November 20, ceded by France, and according to the special agreement reached between Prussia and the other allied powers, the states of Sr. Majesty the King of Prussia, of my most gracious lord, are incorporated, in the name of His Majesty the King of Prussia, be accomplished; decreed that the royal. Prussian coats of arms are placed on all town and community halls; and the inhabitants of the city and fortress of Saarlouis, and of the other ceded areas, places and places, expelled to the subjects of loyalty and duty against the new sovereign.

A Te Deum sung by the Catholic clergy and the Gebät Salvum fac regem for the preservation of His Majesty the King of Prussia, the new sovereign, concluded this solemn act.

The current possession and seizure protocol is to be printed and, instead of the possession and seizure patent, posted in the city and fortress of Saarlouis, and in all ceded communities, places and squares.

This is what happened in Prussian Saarlouis, December 2, 1815. The Royal Commissioner Mathias Simon "

The city councilors were sworn in on January 2, 1816 in the Saarlouis parish church of St. Ludwig. On January 18, 1816, the anniversary of the self-coronation of Brandenburg's Elector Friedrich in Königsberg as “King in Prussia” (January 18, 1701), the Prussian eagle was attached to the commandant's office amid bells ringing and the Te Deum being sung.

Prussia expanded the fortifications built by France and built extensive casemates, among other things.

1848 revolution

In the Prüm arsenal storm of May 18, 1849, democratically-minded supporters of the revolution of 1848 armed themselves in order to militarily support the imperial constitution campaign. The action in the Eifel town of Prüm was - like the Iserlohn uprising and the other May uprisings in the Rhine Province and other parts of Prussia - a consequence of the policy of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia , who in April 1848 rejected the imperial dignity and the Frankfurt Paulskirche constitution and the Prussian Parliament had dissolved.

The action was preceded by a large popular assembly with over 5,000 participants, which took place on May 13, 1849 on the Marienburg on the Moselle . The decision to arm himself was significantly influenced by Karl Grün , a left-wing democratic journalist and member of the Prussian state parliament. Five days later, led by the lawyer Victor Schily , around 100 revolutionaries from Prüm, Trier , Wittlich , Bitburg and other places in the region stormed the armory of the Prussian Landwehr in Prüm. They fired a few shots and some of the soldiers who were supposed to be guarding the weapons depot fraternized with them. Despite this success, there was no revolutionary uprising in the Moselle region. Karl Marx later reported that the leaders - Victor Schily and Peter Imandt - had moved with the guns and some men to the Palatinate , where they had joined the imperial constitution campaign. After the revolution was finally put down in July 1849, they went into exile in Switzerland and then in London in 1852 .

Of the 43 people who were indicted in 1850, the Trier district court sentenced six to five years of forced labor . The military court in Saarlouis sentenced three Landsturm soldiers to death : Johann Manstein from Laufeld near Manderscheid , Anton Seilen and Nikolaus Alken from Prüm had refused to shoot the revolutionaries because they knew them. On Sunday, October 14, 1849 they were in Fort smoke the fortress Saarlouis shot . Two of the leaders Ludwig Simon (born in Saarlouis, but grew up in Trier ) and Victor Schily, who fled to Switzerland after the crackdown on the imperial constitution campaign, were sentenced to death in absentia in 1851. Karl Grün, who had not participated in the storm himself, was arrested and charged with intellectual involvement, but acquitted after eight months in prison.

For the men fusiled in Saarlouis, a spiritual office was held in the parish church of St. Ludwig . The numerous participation of the population in the fair can be interpreted as a clear expression of solidarity with the executed and the goals of the revolution of 1848:

“Yesterday morning the solemn soul ministry organized for the Prüm militants who fusiled the previous Sunday took place in our parish church (sic). It may well be said that (sic) no church service has been attended as numerous as this for many years, as the church hardly offered enough space for the thousands (sic) of pious believers from all classes. The emotion was general and moving; there was abundant sacrifice for the widow (sic) and the orphans, and the tears (sic) moistened looks of the pious participants (sic) showed more than enough how close the sad lot (sic) of the deceased was to the heart. In the afternoon almost the entire population flowed to the flower-adorned graves of the dead, where, with the permission of our Lord fortress commanders, the Prüm militants who were still here came praying to pray the most fervent prayers for the rest of the fallen to send."

Kulturkampf

In the wake of the failed revolution of 1848/1849 , there was an intensified ecclesiasticalism, or religious and association life, with a pronounced anti-Prussian thrust everywhere in the Catholic milieu of the Rhineland. The Saarlouis residents had already had direct experience with the rigorous procedures of the Prussian state with the reactions of the royal governments to the Prüm arsenal storm.

The introduction of the undemocratic three-class suffrage in the Kingdom of Prussia (over 80% of the population of the Saarlouis district was in the third class) was appreciated by the moderately liberal Saarlouis pastor and dean Franz Hecking and the other pastors of the Saarlouis district with their own demonstrative abstentions and one more or less covert call to the population to boycott elections. The turnout in the Catholic district of Saarlouis then marginalized in 1849 to 7.6%. Overall, the Saarlouis District Office assumed in an internal report dated December 6, 1849 with regard to the political attitudes of the clergy that the clergy of the district would give preference to the Catholic House of Habsburg-Lothringen in Vienna over the Hohenzollern dynasty in Berlin with regard to a future German empire unification . As a result of the influence of the pastors, so the fear of the Trier district president Wilhelm Sebaldt, a systematic hatred of Prussia (sic!) Would be generated in the countryside.

The growing disputes between the Catholic Church and the Protestant-oriented Prussian state reached their climax in the so-called Kulturkampf . On November 26th, 1872, the government in Trier withdrew their permission to teach at the end of the school year from the five nuns of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity, who had previously given elementary instruction in Saarlouis. The nuns were to be replaced by secular teachers in order to end the influence of the church on the upbringing of children. The Saarlouis city administration, which would have had to pay more for this pedagogical reshuffle, was able to postpone the recall of the religious and the abolition of the Catholic denominational school through several requests until April 1, 1876. The various culture war laws particularly affected the Catholic clergy. For example, pastor Gondorf in Ittersdorf and chaplain Imand from Dillingen were arrested in the vicinity of Saarlouis and finally expelled from the German Reich. The Trier bishop Matthias Eberhard was arrested in 1874 and subsequently sentenced to a fine of 130,000 gold marks and a nine-month prison term. Eberhard died six months after his release from prison at the height of the Kulturkampf. At the time of his death, 250 priests had been tried and 230 parishes in his 731 diocese were vacant. The Saarlouis Catholics addressed the imprisoned bishop in an address of allegiance:

“In accordance with the teaching of our holy church, we want daily, with unlimited trust in God's holy counsel, in zealous prayer, the speedy end of the life of ours. Beseeching mother to ordained trials and awaiting with Christian patience the time when it will please the Almighty to end these trials. But nothing can turn us back from the faith of our fathers, from our St. Roman Catholic Church, Our St. Father Pope Pius IX , From you, Most Revered Bishop, our Rightful Shepherd, and the priests remaining in communion with you.

Our grief is joined by the jubilation over the grace that God has given you to be allowed to suffer imprisonment for him, and it is our firm confidence that the Most High will break your fetters just as he himself victoriously out of the grave today is risen. Persevering in prayer for Your Episcopal graces in deep reverence

Saarlouis, on St. Easter of the year 1874.

(This is followed by 410 signatures) "

In order to give the Catholic protest an additional audience in journalism, the “Aktiengesellschaft für Catholicionen” was founded in Saarlouis on May 31, 1872, with the purpose of publishing a Catholic publication. On October 1, 1872, the “Saar-Zeitung” published by the stock corporation appeared and was immediately confiscated by the royal Prussian police. In 1873 the Prussian government in Trier demanded that all pastors who belonged to the stock corporation had to return their shares. However, this was unanimously rejected.

In the years 1877 to 1880, the Saarlouis chaplain Stein was deprived of the right to give religious instruction. A salary freeze was imposed on Dechant Hecking in the years from 1875 to 1881 due to the so-called bread basket law in order to enforce the recognition of the culture war laws. In protest against this state measure, the parishioners of St. Ludwig took over the salary of the pastor through voluntary donations. In 1876 the Prussian government banned the Saarlouis city administration from paying a wage subsidy to St. Ludwig for the chaplains, which has been customary since 1845. The parish brought an action against this regulation at the Saarlouis peace court. The court upheld the parish's complaint. Thereupon the state decree had to be lifted and the city again paid subsidies to pastors and chaplains (472.50 marks p.a.). In return, the parish transferred 600 marks annually from the church collection to the communal poor fund. Only in 1886 could the Catholic denominational school be reintroduced in the wake of the so-called "Peace Laws".

Incorporation of Rodens

In 1907 the previously independent Roden was incorporated into Saarlouis and was given the name Saarlouis 2 (until 1936).

Saar area and World War II

Six-slot tower of a bunker from the Second World War in the Fraulautern district

After the end of the First World War in 1918, Saarlouis was occupied by France. The Saar area came under the administration of the League of Nations and was incorporated into the French customs area . During this time, one of the first domain schools in Saarland was established in Saarlouis . Heinrich Rodenstein taught here from February 1, 1934 until the Saar referendum .

After the referendum of January 13, 1935, the Saar area became part of the German Reich again on March 1, 1935. Between the seizure of power of the Nazis in 1933 in the German Reich and the referendum in 1935 Saarlouis and around an important turning point for the smuggling of anti-racist propaganda to the German Reich were.

For fear of persecution in the Third Reich , many of the 364 Saarlouis citizens of Jewish faith fled mainly to surrounding countries around 1935 . About a hundred of them were murdered as part of the National Socialist persecution. The synagogue , which was inaugurated in 1828, was only used as a warehouse and carpenter's shop after the Reichskristallnacht in 1938.

Saarlouis was in 1936 in the wake of large incorporations with today's district Fraulautern together (former convent "Lautern") and Saarlautern renamed. The name was changed on January 13, 1936, the first anniversary of the vote. In the German Reich , after the Ruhr occupation in 1923 and from 1933 ( Nazi era ), numerous - especially French - terms and place names were Germanized .

The omission of the part of the name “Louis” was possibly viewed favorably in the course of the Germanization efforts of the National Socialists; this is not documented in writing by primary sources, but a hypothesis that is supported by several indirect statements. The name Saarlautern was first mentioned by Adolf Hitler at election rallies in 1935, which, however, had a provocative character as the French part of the name Louis was omitted. Comprehensible through existing documents, such as B. local festival magazines, is the contraction of the Celtic name components of Saar and Lautern. According to the official municipal statistics of the German Reich, the name Saarlautern was introduced on January 13, 1936, the first anniversary of the referendum; Fraulautern was incorporated on April 1, 1936.

In 1938 parts of the west wall were built in the districts of Fraulautern and Roden . The Maginot Line had previously been built on the French side .

After the outbreak of war (September 1, 1939), the city, which was in the Red Zone , was evacuated. They feared attacks by France, which, because of its alliance with Poland , had declared war on the German Reich on September 3, 1939 after the attack on Poland . But it came to the so-called seat war ; This was followed by the western campaign on May 10, 1940 . This ended after a few weeks with a victory for the Wehrmacht ; the Compiegne armistice on June 22, 1940 was a de facto surrender of France. Since then the city has bordered territory occupied by Germany (see map ).

The Second World War left its mark on Saarlouis. As early as 1942 the Royal Air Force (RAF) confused Saarlouis with Saarbrücken during one of its night air raids on large cities of the German Reich; the city suffered severe damage. The RAF first used marker bombs in the attack . In the autumn of 1944, Hitler declared the city a " Saarlautern Citadel ". As the front approached, Saarlouis was evacuated.

Between December 1944 and March 1945 there were numerous skirmishes between Germans and Americans in which control of the city changed several times. Artillery fire destroyed large parts of the historic city center, the urban warfare did the rest. Air strikes mainly hit women and areas near the Roden railway system.

In the course of Operation Undertone (an operation by the 7th US Army and the 1st French Army from March 15 to 24, 1945) the Allies finally gained the upper hand. Before that, the Nordwind company had influenced the military situation around Saarlouis in Alsace and Lorraine from December 31, 1944 to January 25, 1945 (it was the last offensive by German forces on the western front; it was related to the Ardennes offensive ).

After the final conquest by the Americans, the Saar area was occupied by France, which initially also sought annexation. As one of the first official acts, District President Hans Neureuter ordered the restoration of the historically based name on July 14, 1945, so that the city of Saarlautern now again bore the name of the City of Saarlouis .

post war period

In the post-war period, Saarlouis was part of the Saar state .

In 1968 the last French troop contingent withdrew. Saarlouis has been a garrison town of the Bundeswehr since 1972 . The staff and other parts of Airborne Brigade 1 ("Saarland Brigade") are stationed in the Graf Werder barracks .

City anniversary

In 1980 Saarlouis celebrated its 300th birthday. On this occasion, Alfred Gulden wrote the play Saarlouis 300 .

Incorporations

On July 1, 1970, the previously independent municipality of Neuforweiler was incorporated.

politics

The political administration of the city of Saarlouis is located in Saarlouis Town Hall on the Great Market.

Local elections 2019
Turnout: 58.0% (2014: 48.0%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
29.5%
32.2%
16.2%
5.7%
7.8%
4.6%
1.7%
2.2%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
-5.8  % p
-1.2  % p
+ 6.1  % p.p.
+ 0.3  % p
+ 4.1  % p
+ 2.4  % p
-0.4  % p
-2.6  % p

City council

Saarlouis town hall

The city ​​council with 45 seats is composed as follows after the local elections on May 26, 2019 :

Party / list Share of votes +/-% p Seats +/-
SPD 29.5% - 5.8 14th - 3
CDU 32.2% - 1.2 15th - 1
Green 16.2% + 6.1 8th + 3
left 5.7% + 0.3 2 ± 0
FWG Saarlouis 2.2% - 2.6 1 - 1
AfD 7.8% + 4.1 3 + 2
FDP 4.6% + 2.4 2 + 1
PIRATES 1.7% - 0.5 0 - 1
total 45

mayor

(Swell)

Maire or Burguemestre

  • 1683-1710: Ferdinand Heil
  • 1780-1790: Michel Souty
  • 1799: François Souty
  • 1800: Michel Reneauld
  • 1802-1812: François Souty
  • 1812–1826: Michel Reneauld
  • 1827–1829: Jakob Klein
  • 1830–1857: Paul Franz-Charmois (Charmoy)
  • 1857–1872: Friedrich Franz Trable (Terable)
  • 1877–1904: Josef Titz
  • 1904–1906: Heinrich Hellenbroich
  • 1906–1918: Karl August Kohlen
  • 1918–1919: Peter Gilles ("Dr. Gillen")
  • 1919-1920: Jacob Hector
  • 1920–1935: Johann Josef Latz
  • 1936–1938: Franz Schubert (NSDAP)
  • 1938–1945: Josef Christoph Ullenberger
  • 1945: Franz Blass, acting
  • 1946–1949: Walter Bloch
  • 1949–1956: Anton Merziger (CVP)
  • 1956: Administrator Gladel (administrator 4 months)
  • 1956–1967: Hubert Schreiner (CDU)

From 1974: Lord Mayor

  • 1967–1987: Manfred Henrich (SPD)
  • 1987–1997: Richard Nospers (SPD)
  • 1997-2005: Hans-Joachim Fontaine (CDU)
  • 2005-10 / 2017: Roland Henz (SPD)
  • 10 / 2017–12 / 2017: acting Marion Jost (CDU)
  • 2018–: Peter Demmer (SPD)

coat of arms

  • Saarlouis coat of arms
    1683–1937, since 1945

  • Saarlautern coat of arms
    1937–1945

Blazon : “Under the blue head of the shield, in it three golden lilies in bars , in silver at the top left a golden sun surrounded by a band of silver clouds on the right and at the bottom with 23 black rays, 12 touching the cloud or the edge and head of the shield. - In the upper coat of arms a purple banner with the Latin motto “Dissipat atque fovet” (German: “You scattered and warmed”) in golden Latin capital letters, raised by a three-pinned golden wall crown, growing out of it two facing golden laurel branches (upper open golden one Laurel wreath,) with outwardly flung blue ribbons at the lower end, surrounding the shield as a wreath open at the top, two green laurel branches with 10 red fruits each, tied together with a blue bow at the bottom. "

Declaration of the coat of arms: Power and wisdom of the Sun King (symbolized by the sun) free his subjects from worries (clouds). The golden lilies (Bourbon house), the sun with clouds and the motto refer to Louis XIV as the sun king and city founder.

The oldest communal coat of arms in Saarland, awarded by Louis XIV of France in 1683, has the coat of arms from the Nazi era (from January 13, 1937) - a silver, mutilated Lorraine eagle on its chest in red over a red grooved silver battlement wall covered with a red diamond, inside a silver swastika - survived.

Town twinning

Culture and sights

Museums

Attractions

View from Grosse Markt to Deutsche Strasse, 1890; Today the town hall stands in the place of the right corner building.
  • Large market (former parade ground) with old headquarters in the Baroque style from the years 1680–1683. It is equipped with four drinking water fountains from the 19th century at the corners of the square. The Great Market today serves as a park and still as a marketplace. It was built between 1680 and 1690. The architects were Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban and Thomas de Choisy.
    At the Großer Markt it becomes particularly clear that the city was designed on the drawing board: the diagonals run exactly in a north-south or east-west direction. The square, surrounded by a double avenue of plane trees, was the center of the fortress. He still has a central function today. In French times it was called Place d'Armes and served as a parade and parade ground. The Great Market changed over the course of the 19th century. In 1889, the city began to be devalued . Even then, the Great Market lost its unity and harmony. The fountain in the middle disappeared, the corner fountains gave way to the stone obelisks. The buildings surrounding the large market were renovated. Originally only two of the market quarters were cobblestone, while the other two squares initially remained unpaved. The large market only received its uniform hard ceiling made of large square concrete slabs in 1937. At that time, the large market was called Adolf-Hitler-Platz . The Marienbrunnen was built in 1956. The idea for this came up in 1953 in the Marian Year . In the last few decades, modern architecture was able to establish itself on the Great Market. Nowadays the former Paradeplatz serves as a parking lot. With a size of 10,000 square meters, it was vastly oversized compared to the rest of the area of ​​the fortress city at that time. This reflects the overriding military importance that Saarlouis had at the time of its foundation. The orderly spaciousness that lifted Paradeplatz out of the narrow, narrow residential areas made it inevitably a symbol of the city. The geometrical clarity and extensive order of the market exert a fascination. The fortress builders Vauban and Choisy designed the Place d'Armes as part of a geometrically perfect synthesis of the arts and inserted it into the royal hexagon of the Saarlouis fortress as the centerpiece. The Deutsche and Französische Strasse branched off from the Großer Markt and each led through a gate at the fortifications. Remnants of the German Gate are preserved, the French Gate was completely removed.
St. Ludwig
town hall
  • Catholic parish church St. Ludwig am Grosse Markt, originally built in 1685, but regularly hit by disasters, as can be read in a documentation posted in the church. Heavily rebuilt in the 19th and 20th centuries. The nave from 1970 was designed by the architect Gottfried Böhm and made of exposed concrete .
  • Evangelical Church , built 1904–1906 according to plans by Carl Schlück . The church building stands on the former Bastion V on Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße and shows elements of the German Renaissance . In the garden there is a walk-in labyrinth created by confirmands of the community, which is accessible to the public. Two oaks in this garden were raised from acorns of the Luther oak in Wittenberg in 1910 ; Other specimens from the old tree population are also assigned historical backgrounds.
  • Marienbrunnen from 1956
  • Saarlouis town hall from 1951–1954 with a historical frieze and the tapestry hall with furnishings from the 17th and 18th centuries. century
  • Remains of the fortifications designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
  • Saar-Altarm (with Vauban Island with the monuments of Marshal Ney and the soldier Lacroix ) and city garden
  • Old town with the house where Michel Ney was born in Bierstrasse and a lively pub scene
  • The Canisianum , whose Saarlouis tradition goes back to 1691
  • The Kreisstandsehaus, Kaiser-Wilhelm Straße 4–6, which has elements of the Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque style based on French models (e.g. stucco elements in the building), was built in 1894–1895. Originally were in the mezzanine floor offices and boardrooms of the city administration, the upstairs rooms were used as official residence of the chief administrative officer used.
    The facade of the mezzanine floor is completely faced with red sandstone , while the upper floor facade shows white plastered areas between sandstone divisions. The window formats change from round arched openings below to rectangular ones on the upper floor. A sandstone balcony emerges in the central axis of the building , the four pillars of which with composite capitals connect to the eaves. Today the district building contains departments of the Office for Schools, Culture and Sport, as well as the district library, the district archive and the district image office, the meeting room for committee meetings of the district council and the parliamentary group rooms.
  • Barracks X (10)
    Different information is available about the dating of barracks X: One source gives the year 1831, another the period between 1832 and 1833. The building, which has been preserved to this day, was erected parallel to the course of the fortress wall in the immediate vicinity of the former barracks II and III on Kavalleriestraße. The two-storey building, which is structured by pronounced pilasters , was built in the classical style. The three-storey central building protrudes slightly from the two wings, which each have six window axes. The three vertical axes of the central building flow into a wide triangular gable. Inside, the building is divided into many small rooms, as was and is usual for barracks. The rooms are located on both the front and the rear and are separated from each other by a corridor in the middle of the building. The floor space of all rooms is almost identical. From the outside it can be seen that the building is 50:50. The ground floor and first floor represent one half of the total height and the roof the second half. The width of the inner rooms can be seen on the facade through the delimitation of columns. As early as 1880 there was a small brewery on the site of barracks X. After the First World War, a diverse history of use began with many different companies. In the 1960s, a grocery wholesaler was located on the premises of Kaserne X. Further usage changed frequently.
  • The hangover tower was erected in the run-up to the vote on the Saar Statute in 1955 and was actually only supposed to remain standing for a short time. In 2001, however, its renovation was decided, which was completed in 2008.
  • The old cemetery is located south of Walter-Bloch-Straße (formerly Von-Lettow-Vorbeck -Straße ) and was laid out in 1773. It is approx. 300 m long and has an area of ​​1.7 hectares.

Churches and religious communities

Due to the historical character of the region by the Archbishopric and Electorate of Trier , the Duchy of Lorraine and the Kingdom of France, as well as the nearby historical monasteries in Wallerfangen and Wadgassen , the history and present of Saarlouis is mainly Catholic. There are Catholic churches in all parts of the city . Protestants settled on site only after the city passed to the Kingdom of Prussia . Since then, a Protestant church has also emerged. There is also a New Apostolic Church and a Free Evangelical Congregation .

For the history of the churches and monasteries in Saarlouis, see:


Catholic churches
Protestant church

Sports

Saarlouis clubs in the upper divisions:

  • 1st Bundesliga jazz and modern dance: "autres choses" (TSC Blau-Gold Saarlouis)
  • 2nd Bundesliga South-East Jazz and Modern Dance: "performance" (TSC Blau-Gold Saarlouis)
  • Women's basketball Bundesliga : TV Saarlouis "Royals"
  • Men's basketball regional league: SG Saarlouis / Dillingen Basketball "SUNKINGS"
  • 2. Women's basketball Bundesliga: SG Saarlouis / Dillingen Basketball "DIAMONDS"
  • Handball regional league: HG Saarlouis (formerly SC Lisdorf + DJK Roden)
  • Table tennis regional league women: TTSV Saarlouis-Fraulautern
  • 1. Bundesliga baseball: Saarlouis Hornets

In addition, the STC Blau-Weiss Saarlouis has organized the ITF Future Saarlouis, endowed with 10,000 US dollars, every year since 2014 .

Regular events

The Saarlouis Week with the Emmes is particularly well known , it takes place on the first weekend in June.

There are also the Old Town Festival, the Ludwig fair, on Good Friday , the Italian passion play "Via Crucis", the Easter market, the Oktoberfest, the jacket Sunday - one the shops are open Sunday before All Saints' Day - and a Christmas market.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Saarlouis / Dillingen industrial port

Saarlouis is via the federal highways 8 ( Perl - Bad Reichenhall ) and 620 (to Saarbrücken ) and the federal highways 51 ( Stuhr - Saargemünd ), 269 ( Longkamp - Überherrn - Felsberg (Saar) ) and 405 ( Thionville - Saarwellingen ) to the supraregional and international road network connected.

With Saarlouis Hauptbahnhof, the city ​​has a station on the Saarbrücken – Trier railway line . In the past there was an extensive network of trams and small railways in the Saarlouis district . Today public transport is primarily carried out by the Saarlouis roundabout companies.

There is a connection to the European inland waterway network via the port of Saarlouis / Dillingen . In 2014, the throughput amounted to around 3.3 million tons.

Local businesses

From 1966, the German Ford works built a large automobile plant in the new Röderberg industrial area, which from 1970 produced the Ford Escort . The Ford Focus model is currently being manufactured there (2020) . With around 5,000 employees, the plant is one of the largest employers in the region, plus 2,000 jobs at the surrounding suppliers. 14 of these are located in the Saarlouis industrial park or in the vicinity. Major suppliers are Ferrostaal Automotive, Benteler, Faurecia, Lear, HL Logistics and Tenneco.

Other important companies are the Pieper department store with several buildings in the city center and the Ludwig chocolate factory (brands including Trumpf , Schogetten, Mauxion ) with over 1,000 employees. The company DSD-Dillinger Stahlbau has its headquarters in Saarlouis-Roden. The Méguin mineral oil works, which have existed since 1847, have been majority owned by Liqui Moly GmbH from Ulm since 2006 and produce the full range of motor oils for them. The Kreissparkasse Saarlouis emerged from the merger between the old KSK Saarlouis and the Stadtsparkasse Saarlouis in 1987. The Distributa trading group, which employed around 3,000 people, was based in the Metzer Wiesen industrial area in Saarlouis. The Donnerbräu brewery located in the city center was active internationally until 1978. In May 2018, the unemployment rate in the district was 4.6%.

education

A total of over 10,000 students attend the schools in Saarlouis.

Elementary schools

  • Elementary and all-day primary school "Im Vogelsang" Saarlouis
  • Elementary school Römerberg Roden
  • Primary school "In the old monastery" Fraulautern
  • Elementary school Steinrausch
  • Elementary school Prof. Ecker Lisdorf
  • Elementary school in the Beaumarais Bruchwiesen

Community schools

  • Saarlouis community school "In the tiles" (since 1980)
  • Community school Martin Luther King School (since 1950)

High schools

Vocational schools

  • KBBZ Saarlouis
  • TGSBBZ Saarlouis
  • Nursing school DRK hospital Saarlouis

Special schools

  • Anne Frank School Saarlouis

Saarlouis Adult Education Center

The Volkshochschule Saarlouis offers courses in the areas of society, art and culture, health education, languages ​​as well as work and profession.

University institute

The Saar College of Fine Arts has maintained the Institute for Contemporary Art in Saarland at the Saarlouis location since 1993 . The institute collects and archives data on artists and the art scene in Saarland . In addition to the publication activity via print media , information is made available to the public via two internet lexica on art and artists in Saarland and the greater region.

dishes

This is where the Saarlouis District Court , which belongs to the Saarbrücken Regional Court and Higher Regional Court , and the Saarlouis Labor Court are located. Also located there, the Administrative Court of Saarland and the Higher Administrative Court of Saarland .

military

The Brigade Staff of Airborne Brigade 1 and Airborne Engineer Company 260 of the Bundeswehr are located in Saarlouis . Furthermore, until the end of 2006, Defense District Command 46 had its headquarters in Saarlouis. The catchment area of ​​the Defense District Command extended as far as the Rhine and thus included an area from Saarbrücken to Mainz and Ludwigshafen. With the nationwide establishment of the state commandos at the beginning of 2007, the Saarland state command (LKdo SL) has its headquarters in the Graf Werder barracks in Saarlouis. After the district army replacement office was dissolved as part of the Bundeswehr reform, Saarlouis also became the location of a Bundeswehr career center .

fire Department

Founded in 1811, the Saarlouis volunteer fire brigade is the oldest documented volunteer fire brigade in the Federal Republic of Germany. Today it comprises the four fire fighting districts of the city center, East, Lisdorf and West and has 231 active members (including 22 women) around 30 emergency vehicles with which it handles around 400 missions a year.

There could possibly be older fire brigades in Germany. In contrast to the Saarlouis volunteer fire brigade, which was founded on September 16, 1811, they cannot prove the exact date of their establishment.

Hospitals, retirement homes

  • Marienhausklinikum St. Elisabeth
  • DRK hospital

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Jakob Hector (1872-1954); Mayor 1919/20; Awarded in 1950
  • Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck (1870–1964); German officer; Awarded in 1956
  • Hubert Linster (1904–1974), entrepreneur; Awarded in 1973.
  • Hans Welsch (1923–1995), entrepreneur; Awarded in 1995
  • Erich Pohl (* 1929), school principal; Awarded in 2013

sons and daughters of the town

(in chronological order)

People who worked in Saarlouis

language

The Saarlouiser Platt ("Saalouia Platt") belongs to the Moselle-Franconian dialect group which, apart from the northern part of the Saarland, essentially covers Rhineland-Palatinate , parts of Lorraine and all of Luxembourg .

literature

  • Georg Baltzer: The history of the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings. Saarlouis 1865.
  • Ludwig Karl Balzer: Saarlouis. Current and historical reports about the city of Saarlouis including all six districts. Publishing house Dr. Nikolaus Fontaine, Saarlouis 1964.
  • Ludwig Karl Balzer: The royal hexagon - construction of the fortress city in the time of the Sun King. 2002, ISBN 3-930843-65-X .
  • Benedikt Loew: The Prussian modernization of the fortress and the Saarlouis garrison . In: Andreas Kupka (ed.), Ars militaris after the revolution. European fortress construction in the first half of the 19th century and its foundations. Fortress Research Volume 8, Verlag Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2016. ISBN 978-3-7954-3140-2
  • Edith Braun, Karin Peter: Saarlouis dialect book. Saarbrücker Druck und Verlag, Saarbrücken 1999. ISBN 3-930843-47-1 .
  • Breuer-Pyroth, Norbert: "Vaschtesche mich?" - Dictionary of the old Saarlouis language. 4th edition. Editions Norbert Breuer, Saarlouis 2006, ISBN 3-00-020012-6 .
  • Oranna Dimmig: Saarlouis Stadt und Stern / Sarrelouis - Ville et Étoile, translation into French: Anne-Marie Werner, ed. from. Roland Henz u. Jo Enzweiler, Saarbrücken 2011.
  • Anne Hahn: The consolidation of the city of Saarlouis (writings of the Saarlouis district, vol. 4), St. Ingbert 2000.
  • Lutz Hauck: Saarlouis after the zero hour - the reconstruction between tradition and modernity (Schriften des Landkreis Saarlouis, vol. 4), St. Ingbert 1998.
  • Walter Hesse (Ed.): Saarlouis Fortress Impressions ... the fortress is alive. 2011.
  • Walter Hesse (Ed.): Saarlouis ... City of the Sun King Louis XIV. Founding - Destruction - Reconstruction. 2017.
  • Walter Hesse (Ed.): Französische Straße Saarlouis 1998. 2017.
  • Rudolf Kretschmer: Saarlouis 1680–1980, Saarlouis 1982.
  • Johann Latz (ed.): Saarlouis 1680–1930, Saarlouis 1930.
  • Gabriel Mahren: From Saarlouisern for Saarlouis. History of energy and water supply, 2007.
  • Antoine Oziol: La ville nouvelle de Vauban, un urbanisme à la gloire de Louis XIV. In: Jean-Pierre Salzmann (ed.): Vauban, militaire et économiste sous Louis XIV, Volume 2: Vauban et Longwy à l'époque de Louis XIV. Les Guerres de Louis XIV. Luxembourg 2010.
  • Johannes Schmitt (Ed.): Revolutionary Traces ..., Contributions of the Saarlouiser Geschichtswerkstatt to the French Revolution in the Saarlouis area, Saarbrücken 1991.
  • Various individual authors: History of the district town of Saarlouis, Volumes 1–6.
  • Karl Walter (Ed.): Französische Straße Saarlouis - A street celebrates its birthday. 1998.

Web links

Wiktionary: Saarlouis  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Saarlouis  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Saarlouis  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saarland.de - Official population figures as of December 31, 2019 (PDF; 20 kB) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Brochure of the City of Saarlouis, p. 20 ; PDF, 7 MB; accessed: February 4, 2016
  3. ↑ Hans-Walter Herrmann: The geopolitical framework in the early days of the fortress city of Saarlouis , in: Kurt Bohr and Benedikt Loew: Vauban - master builder, officer and reformer - fortresses of the greater region as places of remembrance, places of remembrance - anchor points of Saarland identity , series of publications by the Saarland Society for Cultural Policy e. V., Saarbrücken 2001, pp. 109-135.
  4. ↑ Benedikt Loew: Ex Nihilo - The foundation of the fortress town of Sarre-Louis , in: Kurt Bohr and Benedikt Loew: Vauban - master builder, officer and reformer - fortresses of the Greater Region as places of remembrance, places of remembrance - anchor points of Saarland identity , series of publications by the Saarland Society for Cultural Policy . V., Saarbrücken 2001, pp. 136-175.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Fischer: Saarlouis - a synthesis of nature and history , in: Herbert Liedtke, Karl-Heinz-Hepp, Christoph Jentsch: The Saarland in map and aerial photo, a contribution to regional studies , ed. from the Landesvermessungsamt des Saarlandes, Neumünster 1974, pp. 60–61; Ludwig Karl Balzer: Saarlouis, current and historical reports on the city of Saarlouis including all six districts , Saarlouis 1964, pp. 24-25.
  6. ↑ Michael Tritz: History of the Wadgassen Abbey, Simultaneously a cultural and war history of the Saar area, unchanged reprint of the 1901 edition of Wadgassen with an introduction by Hans-Walter Herrmann and a register, Saarbrücken 1978, pp. 288-291.
  7. ^ Historical map as a digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  8. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 47.
  9. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 48.
  10. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 83.
  11. ↑ The Eclogue, written around 40 BC. BC, prophesies the birth of the world savior and a new golden age. Virgil probably meant the rise of Octavian ( Augustus ) to princeps. In late antiquity, however, a Christian reinterpretation of the text began, since the boy sent down from heaven was equated with Jesus Christ. With the Saarlouis celebration, reference was made to the newborn so-called "King of Rome" and his father Napoleon, who initiated the turning point.
  12. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 84.
  13. ↑ State Main Archives Koblenz 442 - 6346, sheet 51.
  14. ↑ Domine, salvum fac regem et exaudi nos in the qua invocaverimus te. Gloria Patri et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. (German translation: Lord, prepare salvation for the king and answer us on the day we call on you. Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning and now is and will be forever be it.)
  15. ↑ State Main Archives Koblenz 442 - 6346, sheet 51.
  16. ↑ Saarkalender Vol. 5, 1827, p. 106; Intelligence Gazette Saarbrücken No. 1, 1815: Alois Prediger: History of the Saarlouis District , Vol. 1, French heritage and Prussian formation (1815–1848), Saarbrücken 1997, pp. 55–72.
  17. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 84.
  18. ↑ Karl Marx: Mr. Vogt. Chapter II: The Buerstenheimer
  19. ↑ Severin Delges: History of the Catholic Parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis, Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931 , extension by a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, p. 105.
  20. ^ Karl Theodor Ferdinand Grün in the Lexicon of Westphalian Authors
  21. ^ Bulletin for the districts of Saarlouis, Merzig, Ottweiler, Saarburg and for German Lorraine, No. 126, Saarlouis, Sunday, October 21, 1849.
  22. ↑ Alois Prediger: Geschichte des Landkreis Saarlouis , Vol. 2, In the Age of Liberalization and Industrialization (1848–1890) , Saarbrücken 2005, pp. 78–83.
  23. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz, 442-6425, p. 20, based on: Alois Prediger: Geschichte des Landkreis Saarlouis , Vol. 2, In the Age of Liberalization and Industrialization (1848–1890) , Saarbrücken 2005, p. 81.
  24. ^ David Blackbourn: Marpingen - The German Lourdes in the Bismarck Period , Historical Contributions of the Saarbrücken State Archives, Volume 6, Saarbrücken 2007, ISBN 978-3-9808556-8-6 , p. 128.
  25. ^ David Blackbourn: Marpingen - The German Lourdes in the Bismarckian Period , Historical Contributions of the Saarbrücken State Archives, Volume 6, Saarbrücken 2007, ISBN 978-3-9808556-8-6 , p. 129.
  26. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 2, pp. 100-101.
  27. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 2, pp. 99-103.
  28. ↑ Arnold Ilgemann: "French schools" - The French Domanialschulen in the League of Nations. (PDF) MELUSINE - Literary Society Saar-Lor-Lux-Elsass eV , June 22, 1993, accessed on September 27, 2019 (lecture manuscript).
  29. ^ Heinrich Rodenstein: Saar area
  30. ↑ a b Against forgetting - places of Nazi terror and resistance in the Saarlouis district (PDF; 1.9 MB), Action 3rd World Saar and Association for Local History in the Saarlouis District eV December 2012.
  31. ↑ Alemannia Judaica- On the history of the Jewish community Saarlouis , Alemannia Judaica , page accessed April 2014.
  32. ↑ Shell road map No. 15 - Middle Rhine - Saarpfalz (1: 470,000) , 1938. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 5, 2016 ; Retrieved July 28, 2012 .
  33. ^ Saarlouis in - Saarlautern renamed . In: The Vienna Day . Vienna January 14, 1936, p. 2 ( ANNO - AustriaN Newspapers Online [accessed May 27, 2020]).
  34. ↑ Reply to request to the Saarlouis City Archives, October 2009, held by the Rodena Heimatkundeverein Saarlouis-Roden.
  35. ↑ Example, Dirk Deissler: The denazified language: language policy and language regulation during the occupation. 2nd Edition. Peter Lang, 2004, ISBN 3-631-52722-5 , p. 115: "... just represent a Hitlerian provocation from 1935."
  36. ↑ Saarlautern, the border town with a new name, Saarlautern festival magazine, 1938.
  37. ↑ Statistics of the German Empire, Volume 450: Official municipality directory for the German Empire. Part I, Berlin 1939, p. 278.
  38. ↑ www.saarlouis.de ; there also a photo of the citadel.
  39. ^ Official Gazette of the Saar Regional Council No. 2/1945, p. 3.
  40. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 807 .
  41. ↑ statistikextern.saarland.de at: www.statistikextern.saarland.de, accessed on May 28, 2014.
  42. ↑ Mayors and other personalities - Saarlouis.de ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  43. ^ City of Saarlautern. Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  44. ↑ Thomas de Choisy. Archived from the original on January 13, 2008 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  45. ↑ Ferdinand Heil. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  46. ↑ Michel Souty. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  47. ↑ a b François Souty. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  48. ↑ a b Michel Reneauld. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  49. ↑ Joseph Titz. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  50. ↑ a b Jakob Hector. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  51. ^ Johann Josef Latz. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  52. ↑ a b c d Anton Merziger. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  53. ↑ Manfred Henrich. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 10, 2010 .
  54. ↑ Churches & Religious Communities. Retrieved January 16, 2016 .
  55. ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Statistical Yearbook 2016, Transport and Traffic (PDF)
  56. ↑ Saarbrücker Zeitung, C 2, Local, Friday, June 1, 2018, article "Good conditions for the job market"
  57. ^ District town Saarlouis: Saarlouis: elementary schools. Retrieved June 19, 2018 .
  58. ^ District town Saarlouis: Saarlouis: vocational schools. Retrieved June 19, 2018 .
  59. ^ District town Saarlouis: Saarlouis: special schools. Retrieved June 19, 2018 .
  60. ^ Website vhs of the city of Saarlouis , accessed on January 19, 2019.
  61. ↑ Saarbrücker Zeitung: Erich Pohl is a new honorary citizen. Retrieved August 10, 2018 .