Bad Doberan
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Coordinates: 54 ° 6 ' N , 11 ° 54' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | |
| County : | Rostock | |
| Height : | 12 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 32.76 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 12,642 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 386 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 18209 | |
| Area code : | 038203 | |
| License plate : | LRO, BÜZ, DBR, GÜ, ROS, TET | |
| Community key : | 13 0 72 006 | |
| LOCODE : | DE BD2 | |
City administration address : |
Severinstrasse 6 18209 Bad Doberan |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Jochen Arenz (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Bad Doberan in the Rostock district | ||
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Bad Doberan (until 1921: Doberan ) is a town in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It is the seat of the Bad Doberan-Land office , to which nine municipalities belong, but are not officially themselves. The city is one of the 18 medium-sized centers in the country.
The place developed around the Gothic cathedral , the church of Doberan Monastery consecrated in 1232 . Bad Doberan is known for its well-preserved old town with many architectural monuments , the horse racing track and for its district Heiligendamm on the Baltic Sea. The Heiligendamm seaside resort was founded in 1793 and is the oldest seaside resort on the European continent.
geography
Bad Doberan is located between Rostock and Wismar on the northeastern edge of the cooling , a compression moraine with larger forests. In the Heiligendamm district , which is just under 6 km away , the city has a 1 km long Baltic Sea beach , in the west on the Kleiner Wohld there is a steep coast, in the east there is a flat coast that merges into the Holy Dam. In the urban area as in the vicinity of the city there are larger forests, u. a. Großer and Kleiner Wohld, Kellerswald and Doberaner wood. In the northwest the city borders on the Conventer See .
Bad Doberan includes the districts of Althof , Heiligendamm and Vorder Bollhagen.
history
Surname
The name Doberan, originally Dobran , is probably derived from a Polish personal name Dobran meaning “good” (dobry) . Until 1921, different spellings of the name such as Dobberran or Dobberan were in use.
According to legend, the name Doberan is related to the promise of Heinrich Borwin I , Prince of Mecklenburg, to build a monastery on the site of his first stag. The startled swans screeched dobre, dobre (good). To this day, deer and swan adorn the city's coat of arms.
middle Ages
Bad Doberan was mentioned in a document in 1177 as Villa Slavica Doberan , but as early as 1171, Cistercian monks from the Amelungsborn monastery in the Weser Uplands in the Althof , now a district of Bad Doberan, founded the first monastery in Mecklenburg. Most of these monastery buildings were destroyed in a Slav uprising in 1179. Seven years later, the Cistercians made a second attempt to found a monastery on the site of today's monastery complex. The Romanesque monastery church , consecrated in 1232, was replaced after the fire in 1291 by a highly Gothic church, construction of which was probably started in 1295, with preserved parts of the Romanesque church being incorporated into the new structure. The new Gothic building was consecrated in 1368. The Doberan monastery was very prosperous due to its economic ventures, at times it owned 66 villages and estates. Until the dissolution of the monastery in the course of the Reformation in 1552, it determined the development of Doberan. In addition to the monastery, there was a craftsmen's settlement, the Kammerhof (former construction yard of the monastery), two inns, a brickworks, a forge and some kötter . Little changed in this regard after the monastery passed to the sovereign in 1552. A ducal office was established in the monastery, and a mill and a hunter's house were also built.
Recent history
Doberan suffered in the Thirty Years War .
Doberan's status improved considerably in the 18th century when the Mecklenburg Duke Friedrich Franz I made it a place of recreation and entertainment for the ducal family, the Mecklenburg nobility and later also the wealthy bourgeoisie. It was known from England that bathing in the sea was particularly beneficial for health. In 1793, on the advice of his Rostock personal physician Samuel Gottlieb Vogel, the Duke bathed at the “Holy Dam” in the Baltic Sea, marking the birth of the first German seaside resort Heiligendamm . The bathers lived in Doberan and enjoyed gambling (the ducal bathing fund collected 30,000 thalers a year from the ducal Doberan casino founded in 1802 , which existed with an interruption from 1849-1851 to 1867), dancing and horse racing (presumably the first horse race on 10 August 1822 in Germany).
Well-known master builders such as Carl Theodor Severin , pupil of the two old masters of classical architecture, Carl Gotthard Langhans and Friedrich Gilly , and also Johann Christoph von Seydewitz built the lodging house, the salon building with the representative ballroom in Empire style , the Prince's palace in quick succession in the purely classical style , the Prinzenpalais , the Stahlbad , several town houses and the much-vaunted Chinese-style pavilions including the jewel of garden architecture, the so-called Kamps . The prince's thanks for the master builder, who shaped Doberan's face substantially, were very little; Severin died in poverty and oblivion in Bad Doberan, where he is buried in an unknown place. The heyday (1793: 900, 1840: 3000, 1870: 4000 inhabitants) lasted only a few decades. Gradually, Heiligendamm, the former Doberan's appendage, developed into an independent seaside resort, and Doberan became quiet again.
In 1879, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II founded a Progymnasium in Doberan . The grammar school was named Friderico-Francisceum in 1883 after its founder .
The town was granted town charter in 1879 (coat of arms saying: deer, crook and swan / are the coat of arms of Doberan). Doberan finally became a country town in Mecklenburg in 1881 and was represented as such until 1918 as part of the towns of the Mecklenburg district on the state parliaments of the estates united since 1523 . The construction of the Rostock – Bad Doberan – Wismar railway line in 1883/1884 and the establishment of a steam narrow-gauge railway from 1886 to 1910 did little to change Doberan's standstill. The train, popularly known as “ Molli ”, continues to this day via Heiligendamm to Kühlungsborn and through the center of the city.
Bad Doberan today
From around 1965 to 1985 the residential areas Buchenberg with 1049 apartments and Kammerhof with 589 apartments were built in prefabricated buildings . After the end of the GDR, the historic town center and the monastery area of Bad Doberan were fundamentally redeveloped as part of urban development funding. The Rehabilitation Clinic Moorbad was opened in 1996 and the Median Clinic Heiligendamm in 1997 . Bad Doberan has been a medicinal bath since 2000. In 2005 the new town hall was inaugurated.
On July 13, 2006, US President George W. Bush stayed in Heiligendamm. The G8 summit took place in Heiligendamm from June 6th to 8th, 2007 . Participants were u. a. Angela Merkel (Germany), Nicolas Sarkozy (France), Romano Prodi (Italy), Shinzō Abe (Japan), Stephen Harper (Canada), George W. Bush (United States), Tony Blair (United Kingdom), Vladimir Putin (Russia ) and José Manuel Barroso (European Union).
From 1952 to 2011 Bad Doberan was the district town of the district of the same name (until 1990 in the GDR - Rostock district , then in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). Since the district reform in 2011 , the city has been in the Rostock district .
History of the districts
Althof: A Cistercian monastery was founded here in 1171 (see history of Althof ).
Heiligendamm was founded in 1793 as a seaside resort (see the history of Heiligendamm and the list of buildings in Heiligendamm ).
Front Bollhagen was a domain property that belonged to the Doberan office. In 1914, Rudolf Burmeister managed the 550 hectare estate. The renovated manor house from the 19th century is now a company headquarters.
Population development
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Status: December 31 of the respective year
religion
- Parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Mecklenburg
- Roman Catholic parish of St. Marien
- Evangelical Free Church Congregation ( Baptists )
- Congregation of the New Apostolic Church
politics
City council
Since the local elections on May 26, 2019, the city council of Bad Doberan has consisted of 25 representatives from three parties and nine voter communities.
| Party / list | Seats |
|---|---|
| List of mayors Jochen Arenz (YES!) | 4th |
| CDU | 4th |
| The left | 3 |
| For Doberan (FDBR) | 3 |
| SPD | 3 |
| Independent Doberan Initiative (UDI) | 2 |
| Citizens for Citizens (BfB) | 1 |
| Youth Environment Sport (JUS) | 1 |
| Active for people and the environment (AMU) | 1 |
| Free voters (FW) | 1 |
| Citizens' Union (BB) | 1 |
| Health resort and seaside spa status (KUSS) | 1 |
mayor
- 1990–1995: Berno Grzech (CDU)
- 1995–2012: Hartmut Polzin (SPD)
- 2012–2019: Thorsten Semrau (independent)
- since 2019: Jochen Arenz (independent)
Arenz was elected in the mayoral election on October 21, 2018 with 55.7% of the valid votes for a term of seven years.
City coat of arms, city colors and flag, city seals
- City arms
The coat of arms was awarded on June 24, 1879 by Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It is registered under the number 24 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
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Blazon : “Divided by a silver crook with a forward and upward curvature; above, in gold, a leaping red stag with stretched forelegs; below in blue a ready-to-fly silver swan with a knocked-out red tongue on silver waves. "
The coat of arms was redrawn in 1990 after the coat of arms drawing by Carl Teske from 1884.
- City colors and flag
The colors of the city of Bad Doberan are gold and blue.
The flag of the city of Bad Doberan is evenly striped lengthways in blue, white and red. The height of the flag cloth is related to the length as 3 to 5.
- City seal
The seal shows the city coat of arms and the inscription "STADT BAD DOBERAN".
Town twinning
The city of Bad Doberan has had a partnership with the Schleswig-Holstein city of Bad Schwartau since 1989 .
Sights and culture
Buildings
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- Doberan Monastery with the minster
- Ossuary on the monastery grounds
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Kamp , park in the English style (with oaks, linden trees, chestnuts and armor) and the buildings in the purest classical style that form an artistic unit with it, these include:
- Kurhaus, former lodging house from 1793 by v. Seydewitz planned
- Salon building from 1802 based on plans by Carl Theodor Severin , its ballroom is considered the best preserved classicist interior in Bad Doberan
- Large palace from 1806/09, planned by Severin, special treasures in the oval garden room are a painted ceiling and wallpaper depicting the Cupid and Psyche saga of Apuleius based on designs by Lois Lafitte and Mary Blonder, printed in Paris in 1820
- House Severinstrasse 5, planned by Severin from 1825, built for the ducal personal chef Gaetano Medini , with a lively facade
- Prinzenpalais at Kamp / Alexandrinenplatz 8 from 1822
- God's Peace House at Kamp / Alexandrinenplatz 5, planned by Severin from 1824
- Red and White Pavilions from 1809 and 1813 in Kamp, the only and belated chinoiserie in Mecklenburg, initially contained a music pavilion and merchant boutiques, now an art gallery and restaurant
- Water tower on the Temple Mount, construction started in 1927, today a residential building
- Ostseerennbahn, the Zappanale music festival takes place here every year
- Heiligendamm , the oldest seaside resort in Germany
- Chapel in Althof from the 15th century, single-nave, cross-rib vaulted brick building, decisively changed by Möckel between 1886 and 1888
- Ruins of the monastery barn in Althof, Gothic complex with a series of pointed arcades
- Front Bollhagen manor house
Museums
- City and bath museum , permanent exhibition on the history of Doberan-Heiligendamm in the former home of the architect and builder Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel , who built this neo-Gothic villa from 1886 to 1888
- Ehm Welk-Haus , a cultural meeting place in the former residence of the writer Ehm Welk
Historical monuments
- Cenotaph for the soldiers from Doberan who fell and went missing in World War I on the Buchenberg (popularly known as the molar). The original dedication has been removed; there is now a white cross in front of the memorial. The memorial was built in the late 1920s. The design comes from Hans Carlson, who also took over the costs for the construction.
- Cenotaph from the 1960s in front of the Buchenberg secondary school on Ehm-Welk-Strasse for the victims of fascism, donated by the writer Ehm Welk
- Cenotaph from 1986 by the sculptor Reinhard Dietrich near the minster for the victims of fascism
- Memorial stone from 1970 in front of the school on Beethovenstrasse in memory of the communist Reichstag deputy Ernst Schneller , who was murdered in Sachsenhausen concentration camp . The school has given up its name, which it had in GDR times. The memorial stone was removed during the renovation of the former Ernst Schneller School.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Bad Doberan is the headquarters of Glashäger Brunnen GmbH , which with its mineral water products is the market leader in the reusable segment in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
Furthermore, the Bad Doberan district administration and the Grand Hotel in Heiligendamm are one of the largest employers in the city.
Bad Doberan has two industrial parks, Eikboom (28.5 ha) and Walkenhagen (19.1 ha). Both are on the B 105 at the exit towards Rostock.
In the Bad Doberan district and the former Gut Vorder Bollhagen, horses have been bred on a farm for over 75 years. Even then, the proximity to the Heiligendamm seaside resort and the horse racing track played a decisive role and make the stud a breeding site to this day. Today Holstein show jumpers are bred. In addition, organic farming is operated with direct sales .
traffic
Bad Doberan is located on the federal road B 105 between Wismar and Rostock and on the state roads L 12 ( Kühlungsborn –Bad Doberan– Warnemünde ) and L 13 (Bad Doberan – Schwaan ). The closest motorway junction is Bad Doberan on the Baltic Sea motorway A 20 between Wismar and Rostock, 15 kilometers away.
The railway station Bad Doberan is located on the railway line Wismar-Rostock . It is served by the regional train line RB 11 ( Wismar - Rostock - Ticino ) every hour. There is a connection to Ostseebad Kühlungsborn West station via Heiligendamm with the Molli spa railway .
Bad Doberan is located in Zone 8 of the Warnow transport association . Several bus lines connect the place with the surrounding region.
Rostock-Laage Airport is about 40 kilometers southeast of the city .
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education
- Friderico-Francisceum , founded on April 21, 1879 by Friedrich Franz II.
- Vocational school in the former Bad Doberan district with a focus on nutrition / home economics and economics / administration.
- Special school at the Kellerswald
- Rainbow school on the Doberaner Buchenberg, a school for individual coping with life.
- The city of Bad Doberan has two other school locations on Buchenberg and Kamp.
- Christian Münster School , run by the Christian school association Bad Doberan since 2004 with a reform pedagogical approach.
Sports
- Ostseerennbahn , first horse racing track on the European continent, laid out in 1823 based on the English model
- Soccer: Doberaner FC
- Cycling / Triathlon: Doberaner SV, Dept. Cycling / Triathlon
- Handball: Doberaner SV, -men: Handball-Oberliga Ostsee-Spree ; Women: regional league
- Athletics: Doberaner SV
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- 1954: Ehm Welk (1884–1966), writer
After Stavenhagen (April 1932) and Waren (May 1932), Bad Doberan was the third town in Mecklenburg that Adolf Hitler made an honorary citizen (August 1932). Although an honorary citizenship always ends with the death of the honored person, the city council of Bad Doberan formally revoked this honorary citizenship on April 2, 2007.
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Ludwig Schumacher (1796–1855), fiscal officer and member of parliament
- Carl Georg Schumacher (1797–1869), court painter in Schwerin
- Johannes Röper (1801–1885), botanist, librarian, rector of the University of Rostock
- Carl Goesch (1853–1943), legal scholar
- Ludwig Bang (1857–1944), history and genre painter
- Johanna André (1861–1926), actress and singer
- Eduard Heyck (1862–1941), cultural historian and writer
- Albert Kasch (1866 – after 1908), carpenter and carver
- Hans Witte (1867–1945), archivist and historian
- Friedrich von Bülow (1870–1929), Rear Admiral of the Imperial German Navy
- Paul Löwigt (1873–1934), Lübeck mayor
- Julius Hüniken (1878–1975), landowner
- Johannes Behm (1883–1948), theologian and university professor
- Ernst Voss (1886–1936), theologian
- Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1891–1965), head of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family , was born in Heiligendamm
- Otto Schünemann (1891–1944), Lieutenant General in the Wehrmacht
- Olaf Klose (1903–1987), art historian and librarian
- Hans Hermann Wilhelm Baas (1904 - unknown), shipyard worker and politician (KPD)
- Fritz Flint (1917–1999), politician (CDU)
- Kurt von der Osten (1922–1989), Lieutenant General in the Bundeswehr
- Klara Enss (1922–2001), nature and environmental protection activist
- Günter Lorenz (* 1932), General of the NVA
- Joachim Schmettau (* 1937), sculptor
- Hans Wolf (* 1940), American racing cyclist
- Sigrid Vagt (* 1941), translator
- Heike Müns (* 1943), folklorist and author
- Peter Eichstädt (* 1950), politician (SPD)
- Frank Paschek (* 1956), track and field athlete
- Michael Buddrus (* 1957), historian
- Norbert Clemens Baumgart (* 1959), theologian and university professor
- Herbert Maronn (* 1959), football official
- Frank-Michael Malchow (* 1961), politician (Animal Welfare Party, THE WOMEN)
- Hiltrud Werner (* 1966), manager, board member of Volkswagen AG
- Felix Drahotta (* 1989), rower
Personalities who have worked in Bad Doberan
- Carl Theodor Severin (1763–1836), architect in Doberan and Heiligendamm
- Johann Hermann Becker (1770–1848), spa doctor in Doberan
- Gaetano Medini (1772–1857), Italian cook at the Mecklenburg court, lived and died in Doberan
- Karl von Maltzahn (1797–1868), co-founder of the Doberaner racetrack
- Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809–1847) spent a few weeks in Doberan as a 15-year-old in the summer of 1824, where he composed, among other things, the Doberan brass band .
- Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel (1838–1915), architect and builder, lived and worked in Doberan
- Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin] (1873–1969), lived in Bad Doberan from 1924 to 1945
- Ehm Welk (1884–1966), writer, lived in Bad Doberan from 1950
- Willy Brandt (1885–1975), educator, headed the grammar school from 1937 to 1950, in 1945 involved in the surrender of the city to the Soviet troops without a fight
- Herman Wirth (1885–1981), ethnic pseudo-historian, headed a "Research Institute for Spiritual History" in Bad Doberan during the Nazi era
- Gerhard Ringeling (1887–1951), writer, worked as a teacher in Bad Doberan
- Willi Henning-Hennings (1888–1974), sculptor and teacher at grammar school
- Kate Diehn-Bitt (1900–1978), painter, attended the secondary school for girls in Bad Doberan
- Albrecht Beyer (1902–1972), theologian and university professor
- Claus von Amsberg (1926–2002), Prince Consort of the Dutch Queen, 1933–1936 and 1943 pupil at the Friderico-Francisceum-Gymnasium in Bad Doberan
literature
- Doberan . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 5, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 16.
- Heinrich Hesse: The history of Doberan-Heiligendamm . 3. Edition. Michaels, Bad Doberan 1939 (reprint. Foreword and addendum by the author abbreviated. Transfer to Latin characters using the new spellings and rules following the spelling reform. Godewind-Verlag, Börgerende-Rethwisch 2005, ISBN 3-938347-09-0 ) .
- Ernst von Bülow: Doberan and its history. In addition to the first German seaside resort Heiligendamm . Edited by Hans J. Herbst. Changed new edition. Godewind Verlag, Börgerende-Rethwisch 2007, ISBN 978-3-938347-61-4 .
- Adolf Nizze: Doberan-Heiligendamm. History of the first German seaside resort . Self-published, Rostock 1936 (reprint. Godewind-Verlag, Börgerende-Rethwisch 2005, ISBN 3-938347-23-6 ).
- Journey of a healthy person to the seaside resorts of Swinoujscie, Putbus and Doberan . Gädicke, Berlin 1823 ( digitized ; reprint. Godewind Verlag, Börgerende-Rethwisch 2005, ISBN 3-938347-73-2 ).
Web links
- Tourism website of the city of Bad Doberan
- Literature about Bad Doberan in the state bibliography MV
- Plan of Doberan and environs from 1820
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Main statutes of the city of Bad Doberan, § 1
- ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place names in Meklenburg. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 46, 1881, ISSN 0259-7772 , pp. 3-168, here p. 40.
- ↑ Dobĕran . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 5, Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p. 71 .
- ↑ Doberan . In: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition. Volume 1, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1911, p. 444 .
- ↑ a b Bernd Wurlitzer: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. From the Baltic coast with its Hanseatic cities and the islands of Rügen and Usedom to the lake district. DuMont Reiseverlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-770-13849-4 , p. 132
- ↑ Bernd Wurlitzer: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. From the Baltic coast with its Hanseatic cities and the islands of Rügen and Usedom to the lake district. DuMont Reiseverlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-770-13849-4 , p. 133
- ↑ a b Otto Büsing , "The State Law of the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz", in: The State Law of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Braunschweig, Anhalt, Waldeck, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe , Heinrich Marquardsen ( Ed.), Freiburg i. B. and Tübingen: Mohr, 1884, (= Handbook of the Public Law of the Present in Monographs; Vol. 3 'The State Law of the German Reich and the German States', Part II: Half-Vol. 2, Section 1), pp. 3–72, here p. 23 .
- ^ President Bush visits Germany. (No longer available online.) In: US Embassy website . July 13, 2006, archived from the original on July 21, 2011 ; accessed on May 28, 2015 .
- ↑ Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
- ^ City of Bad Doberan. Local election 2019. Final result. City of Bad Doberan, May 26, 2019, accessed on May 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Who is he and who were the mayors of Bad Doberan? on first-seebad.de
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Bad Doberan, § 8
- ↑ Jochen Arenz wins mayoral election in Bad Doberan . In: Schweriner Volkszeitung , October 22, 2018
- ↑ a b c § 2 of the main statute of the city of Bad Doberan ( Memento from May 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Bad Doberaner partnership ( Memento from May 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Gutshaus Vorder Bollhagen , gutshaeuser.de, accessed on January 22, 2015
- ↑ Good Bollhagen , zukunft-heiligendamm.net, accessed on January 22, 2015
- ↑ Organic farming at Gut Vorder Bollhagen , oekolandbau.de, accessed on January 22, 2015
- ↑ Bad Doberan frees itself from the honorary citizen Hitler . In: Spiegel online . April 2, 2007
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