Max Verstappen

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Max Verstappen
Max Verstappen 2017
Nation: NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands
Formula 1 world championship
Status: active
Start number : 33
First start: 2015 Australian Grand Prix
Constructors
2015–2016  Toro RossoRed Bull since 2016
statistics
World Cup balance: World Champion ( 2021 )
Starts Victories Poles SR
141 20th 13th 16
World Cup points : 1557.5
Podiums : 60
Leadership laps : 1239 over 5778 km
As of: Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, December 12, 2021
Template: Info box Formula 1 driver / maintenance / old parameters

Max Emilian Verstappen (born September 30, 1997 in Hasselt , Belgium ) is a Belgian- Dutch racing driver . The son of the former racing driver Jos Verstappen became 2013 kart world champion and two-time kart European champion. In 2014 he competed in the European Formula 3 championship . He has competed in Formula 1 since 2015 and has been driving for Red Bull Racing since 2016 . He secured his first world title on the last lap of the last race of the 2021 season .

Career

Karting (2005-2013)

Verstappen began his motorsport career in karting in 2005 . From 2006 to 2008 he won the Belgian Minimax-Rotax-Challenge three times . In 2007 he also won the Dutch Minimax-Rotax-Challenge . In 2008 and 2009 he won the Minimax ranking of the Benelux Karting Series and was Belgian kart champion in both years. 2008 in the cadet class, 2009 in the KF5 rating.

In 2010, Verstappen switched to international karting. He immediately won the WSK Euro Series and the WSK World Series as well as the European Bridgestone Cup in the KF3 class . In the CIK-FIA World Cup he finished second in the CIK-FIA European Championship fifth. In 2011, Verstappen defended the KF3 class of the WSK Euro Series . In 2012 he finished eighth in the KF1 class of the CIK-FIA World Kart Championship . In the KF2 class he came second in the CIK-FIA World Cup and sixth in the WSK Euro Series . He won the WSK Master Series in this class. Verstappen originally won the CIK-FIA European Championship , but was dropped back to tenth place due to a penalty.

In his last year in karting in 2013, Verstappen won both the CIK-FIA European Championship in the KF and in the KZ class. He also won the WSK Euro Series in the KZ1 class . In the 2013 CIK-FIA World Championship , Verstappen won the concentration camp class. In the KF class he was in the lead until the last event and finally came third.

Formula 3 and Formula 1 test drives (2014)

Max Verstappen at Spa-Francorchamps in the 2014 European Formula 3 Championship

At the end of 2013, Verstappen completed his first test drives in formula racing . On his Formula 3 debut, he immediately set the fastest time of the day. In early 2014 , Verstappen took part in the Florida Winter Series . He achieved three pole positions , won two races and stood on the podium a total of five times.

He then received a cockpit at Van Amersfoort Racing in the European Formula 3 championship for the 2014 season . On his debut weekend he already achieved second place in a race. In his sixth Formula 3 race in Hockenheim , he achieved his first victory. At the successive events in Spa-Francorchamps and Nuremberg , Verstappen won all three races and achieved six victories in a row. Due to his good results in his first formula racing season - especially the three victories in Nuremberg in changing weather conditions - he was accepted into the Red Bull funding program in August . He won other races at the Nürburgring , Imola and Hockenheim. With ten wins, no driver had more victories than Verstappen. He finished the season in third place in the drivers' championship. In addition, Verstappen started for Van Amersfoort Racing at the Macau Grand Prix and achieved seventh place. He won the Zandvoort Masters with Motopark Academy .

In September 2014, Verstappen received the super license after driving a Toro Rosso STR7 around 400 kilometers in test drives at the Adria International Raceway a few days earlier . Verstappen then made his debut for Toro Rosso in first free practice at the Japanese Grand Prix . At the age of 17 years and three days, he became the youngest driver to compete on a Formula 1 weekend.

Formula 1 (since 2015)

In 2015 , Verstappen received a Formula 1 cockpit at Scuderia Toro Rosso and chose 33 as his starting number. He became the youngest Formula 1 driver in history and the first Formula 1 driver under the age of 18. After a retirement in the first race, he finished seventh in the second race in Malaysia and scored points for the first time. He became the youngest Formula 1 driver to score points. He finished fourth in Hungary and the USA . He finished his debut season in twelfth place and beat Carlos Sainz Jr. with 49 to 18 points . through. At the FIA gala at the end of the year, Verstappen received three awards: rookie of the year, personality of the year and for the action of the year. The latter was the overtaking maneuver against Felipe Nasr on the outside of the Blanchimont corner at the Belgian Grand Prix .

Verstappen after winning the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix

In 2016 , Verstappen and Sainz initially formed the Toro Rosso driver duo again. Verstappen scored three points in the first four races, with a sixth place in Bahrain being his best result. After the fourth race, the Russian Grand Prix , Red Bull decided to swap Verstappen for Daniil Kwjat , so that Verstappen drove for Red Bull Racing from the Spanish Grand Prix . Verstappen scored his first Formula 1 victory in his very first race for Red Bull. This made him the first Dutchman to win a Formula 1 race and, at the age of 18 years and 228 days, the youngest Formula 1 winner to date. At the Red Bull home race in Austria and a week later in Great Britain he was again on the podium in second place. He came third at the German Grand Prix . In Malaysia , finishing second behind his team-mate Daniel Ricciardo, he achieved a one-two for Red Bull Racing. A week later he finished second again at the Japanese Grand Prix . In the race, he stood out with a tough maneuver against Lewis Hamilton by changing lanes while braking. Since Verstappen had already attracted attention with tough maneuvers against Kimi Räikkönen at the races in Hungary and Belgium , the FIA specified the rules and prohibited changes of direction when braking, which would result in another driver having to swerve. In Mexico , Verstappen again attracted attention due to tough duels. First he touched the world championship leader Nico Rosberg in the first corner. In the further course of the race, he received a five-second time penalty after using the run-off zone in a duel with Sebastian Vettel to defend his position. Due to the time penalty, he dropped from third to fourth place. In the rain race that followed in Brazil , Verstappen performed a few overtaking maneuvers, drove the fastest race lap and finally came in third. In the world championship he improved to fifth place.

Verstappen in front of the grandstand specially built for the Dutch fans at the 2018 Austrian Grand Prix

For the 2017 Formula 1 World Championship , Verstappen and Ricciardo stayed with Red Bull. In China , he finished third. He won his first race of the 2017 season at the Malaysian Grand Prix , and then finished second in Japan . He achieved his second win of the season in Mexico . At the end of the season he finished sixth overall.

In 2018 , Verstappen competed for Red Bull again. He finished third in Spain and Canada . He won the Red Bull home race in Austria . He came third at the Belgian Grand Prix . In Singapore and the United States , he finished second in Japan third. At the Grand Prix of Mexico followed by another victory. He then finished second in Brazil . During the race, while in the lead, Verstappen collided with Esteban Ocon at the exit of the Senna-S when Ocon tried to lap back. Both Ocon and Verstappen spun, making Lewis Hamilton take the lead back and eventually win. Ocon was given a ten-second stop-and-go penalty for the collision. Verstappen insulted Ocon over the pit radio and in interviews after the race. Shortly after the end of the race, Verstappen approached Ocon and was violent. Verstappen was then sentenced by the FIA ​​to two days of public work in the FIA ​​management, which he has to do within six months of the incident. At the season finale in Abu Dhabi , Verstappen was again third. At the end of the season he was fourth in the drivers' championship.

In 2019 , Verstappen stayed with Red Bull Racing. He finished third at the season opener in Australia and at the Spanish Grand Prix . He achieved his first win of the season at the Austrian Grand Prix . This was followed by another at the German Grand Prix . This was followed by a second place in Hungary , where he achieved the first pole position of his career in qualifying. At the Singapore Grand Prix he finished third. In Mexico he initially drove to pole again. However, he was relegated three places on the grid as he did not slow down on his fastest lap under yellow flags after Valtteri Bottas' accident. He then finished sixth in the race. In the USA he was third. This was followed by a victory in Brazil , with which he set a personal record and won a third Grand Prix in one season for the first time. At the season finale in Abu Dhabi , he achieved another podium finish in second place. He finished the season in third overall with 278 points, which was his personal best.

Verstappen also drove for Red Bull in 2020. He finished third at the Styrian Grand Prix and second in both Hungary and Great Britain . He won the Grand Prix of the 70th anniversary . This was followed by a second place in Spain . Since then he has been the Dutchman with the most race starts. Before the race he shared this record with his father Jos, who took 107 races. He finished third in Belgium . After two failures in a row due to technical problems, he came second twice in a row in Russia and at the Eifel Grand Prix . At the next race in Portugal he completed the podium in third place. He achieved another podium finish with second place in Bahrain . At the season finale, the 2020 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix , he achieved a start-to-finish victory from pole position. He finished the season with 214 points in third place in the drivers' standings. He repeated his best final position from the previous year.

In 2021 , Verstappen played another season for Red Bull. He finished second at the season opener in Bahrain . He won the following Grand Prix of Emilia-Romagna . He finished the following races in Portugal and Spain with second place. He then won in Monaco . At the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, Verstappen retired due to a puncture. Since Lewis Hamilton braked himself after the restart after the red flag caused by the Verstappen accident in the first corner and so fell back to 15th place, i.e. received no points, Verstappen still led the world championship. At the French Grand Prix he started from pole position, but lost his lead to Lewis Hamilton after corner one. But with a two-stop strategy (in contrast to Hamilton, who only pitted once), Verstappen had the better tires towards the end of the race and was able to overtake Hamilton on the penultimate lap and win the race. After winning the Styrian Grand Prix , he managed the first so-called Grand Slam of his Formula 1 career a week later at the Austrian Grand Prix . At the British Grand Prix he finished second in qualifying on Friday, but won the sprint that was held for the first time and thus started from pole position . On the first lap of the race, he fought a very close duel with Hamilton for first place, until Hamilton hit Verstappen on the rear tire in the Copse corner and then Verstappen lost control of his car and crashed into the track barrier. He was exposed to 51G in the impact , but after checks at the hospital it became clear that he was uninjured. Hamilton received a time penalty of ten seconds for the accident, but ultimately won the race anyway and thus shortened the gap in the championship standings by 25 points. At the Hungarian Grand Prix, Mercedes driver Valtteri Bottas collided with several drivers, including Verstappen. The Red Bull mechanics made the car roadworthy again, but it was too badly damaged to be competitive at the front. Nevertheless, the Dutchman made it to tenth place, after the disqualification of Sebastian Vettel he was ninth. After the summer break, Verstappen took pole position at the Belgian Grand Prix. The start of the race was postponed several times due to heavy rain on Sunday. The race was finally stopped after only two laps had been completed behind the safety car; Verstappen stayed in front. Because less than 50 percent of the planned race distance was completed, the drivers only received half the number of points. At his home race in Zandvoort, he took pole and won the race ahead of Lewis Hamilton. He collided with it in Monza and both had to end the race. Verstappen was blamed for the accident and he received a grid penalty of three places for the next race.

After the 13th race of the season, he led the drivers' championship in the world championship for the first time in his career with 224.5 points. At the same time, he was also the first Dutch driver in Formula 1 history to lead the world championship. On December 12, 2021, he started tied with Hamilton in the last race of the 2021 season, which he won after a restart on the last lap after Hamilton had apparently been in the lead until a safety car phase. Max Verstappen is the first Formula 1 world champion at the age of 24.

Personal

Max Verstappen comes from a family of motorsport enthusiasts. His father Jos Verstappen drove in Formula 1 from 1994 to 2003 , his mother Sophie Kumpen, who comes from Hasselt, Belgium , was active in karting, as was her father Robert Kumpen . His parents were married between 1996 and 2008 and, in addition to their son Max, also have a daughter named Victoria Jane (* 1999). His great-uncle Paul Kumpen , Belgian rallycross champion 1987, was also a racing driver just like his son Anthony Kumpen .

Verstappen has both Belgian and Dutch citizenship and could therefore start as both Belgian and Dutch. But since he takes part in competitions with a Dutch racing license , he drives in motorsport as a Dutchman. In addition to his native Dutch and the native dialect of Zuid-Limburg , Verstappen speaks the English and German that are common in motorsport .

In addition to his career in Formula 1, Verstappen also competes in esports races, especially iRacing . He starts for the Redline team, for which Formula 1 driver Lando Norris also starts. Among other things, they won the Spa 24-hour race together in 2019 . In 2020 he took part in the virtual 24-hour race of Le Mans for the team in the LMP2 class. One of his teammates was Lando Norris. After his vehicle was temporarily in the lead, it failed due to accidents caused by so-called "glitches" (signal dropouts). While the race was neutralized for the second time by the red flag, the race management took the vehicle back into the race because the failure was not due to the team but to the technology. In the end, Verstappen and his teammates finished 25th overall among the 50 participating teams.

Max Verstappen has been in a relationship with Kelly Piquet , the daughter of former Formula 1 driver Nelson Piquet , since 2020 .

statistics

Career stations

  • 2015 : Formula 1 (12th place)
  • 2016 : Formula 1 (5th place)
  • 2017 : Formula 1 (6th place)
  • 2018 : Formula 1 (4th place)
  • 2019 : Formula 1 (3rd place)
  • 2020 : Formula 1 (3rd place)
  • 2021 : Formula 1 (1st place)

Individual results in the European Formula 3 championship

year team engine 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16 17th 18th 19th 20th 21 22nd 23 24 25th 26th 27 28 29 30th 31 32 33 Points rank
2014 Van Amersfoort Racing Volkswagen United KingdomUnited Kingdom SIL GermanyGermany HO1 FranceFrance PAU HungaryHungary HUN BelgiumBelgium SPA GermanyGermany NOR RussiaRussia MOS AustriaAustria SPI GermanyGermany ONLY ItalyItaly IMO GermanyGermany HO2 411 3.
DNF 5 2 DNF DNS 1 3 DNF DNF DNF 16 4th 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 DNF 2 5 4th 12th 1 DNF 3 DNF 2 1 1 5 6th

Statistics in the Formula 1 World Championship

These statistics include all of the driver's participations in the Formula 1 World Championship .

Grand Prix victories

general overview

As of: Qatar Grand Prix, November 21, 2021

season team chassis engine run Victories Second Third Poles nice
Race laps
Points WM-Pos.
2015 Scuderia Toro Rosso Toro Rosso STR10 Renault 1.6 V6 Turbo 19th - - - - - 49 12th
2016 Scuderia Toro Rosso Toro Rosso STR11 Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo 4th - - - - - 13th 204 5.
Red Bull Racing Red Bull RB12 TAG Heuer 1.6 V6 Turbo 17th 1 4th 2 - 1 191
2017 Red Bull Racing Red Bull RB13 TAG Heuer 1.6 V6 Turbo 20th 2 1 1 - 1 168 6th
2018 Aston Martin Red Bull Racing Red Bull Racing RB14 TAG Heuer 1.6 V6 Turbo 21 2 4th 5 - 2 249 4th
2019 Aston Martin Red Bull Racing Red Bull Racing RB15 Honda 1.6 V6 Turbo 21 3 2 4th 2 3 278 3.
2020 Aston Martin Red Bull Racing Red Bull Racing RB16 Honda 1.6 V6 Turbo 17th 2 6th 3 1 3 214 3.
2021 Red Bull Racing Honda Red Bull Racing RB16B Honda 1.6 V6 Turbo 22nd 10 8th - 10 6th 395.5 1.
total 141 20th 24 15th 13th 16 1556.5

Single results

season 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16 17th 18th 19th 20th 21 22nd 23 24
2015 Flag of Australia.svg Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Monaco.svg Flag of Canada.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Singapore.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of Russia.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
DNF 7th 17 * DNF 11th DNF 15th 8th DNF 4th 8th 12th 8th 9 10 4th 9 9 16
2016 Flag of Australia.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Russia.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Monaco.svg Flag of Canada.svg Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of Germany.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Singapore.svg Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
10 6th 8th DNF 1 DNF 4th 8th 2 2 5 3 11th 7th 6th 2 2 DNF 4th 3 4th
2017 Flag of Australia.svg Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of Russia.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Monaco.svg Flag of Canada.svg Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Singapore.svg Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
5 3 DNF 5 DNF 5 DNF DNF DNF 4th 5 DNF 10 DNF 1 2 4th 1 5 5
2018 Flag of Australia.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Monaco.svg Flag of Canada.svg Flag of France.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Germany.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Singapore.svg Flag of Russia.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
6th DNF 5 DNF 3 9 3 2 1 15 * 4th DNF 3 5 2 5 3 2 1 2 3
2019 Flag of Australia.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Monaco.svg Flag of Canada.svg Flag of France.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Germany.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Singapore.svg Flag of Russia.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
3 4th 4th 4th 3 4th 5 4th 1 5 1 2 DNF 8th 3 4th DNF 6th 3 1 2
2020 Flag of Austria.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Russia.svg Flag of Germany.svg Flag of Portugal.svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Turkey.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
DNF 3 2 2 1 2 3 DNF DNF 2 2 3 DNF 6th 2 DNF 1
2021 Flag of Bahrain.svg Flag of Italy.svg Flag of Portugal.svg Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Monaco.svg Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Flag of France.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of Austria.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of Belgium (civil) .svg Flag of the Netherlands.svg Flag of Italy.svg Blank3x2.svg Flag of Turkey.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of Qatar.svg Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
2 1 2 2 1 18 * 1 1 1 DNF 1 9 1 1 DNF 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1
Legend
color shortcut importance
gold - victory
silver - 2nd place
bronze - 3rd place
green - Placement in the points
blue - Classified outside of the point ranks
violet DNF Race not finished (did not finish)
NC not classified
Red DNQ did not qualify
DNPQ failed in pre-qualification (did not pre-qualify)
black DSQ disqualified
White DNS not at the start (did not start)
WD withdrawn
Light Blue PO only participated in the training (practiced only)
TD Friday test driver
without DNP did not take part in the training (did not practice)
INJ injured or sick
EX excluded
DNA did not arrive
C. Race canceled
  no participation in the World Cup
other P / bold Pole position
1/2/3 Placement in the sprint / qualification race
SR / italic Fastest race lap
* not at the finish,
but counted due to the distance covered
() Deletion results
underlined Leader in the overall standings

Records

  • Youngest driver in debut races (17 years and 163 days)
  • Youngest driver to score points (17 years and 177 days)
  • Youngest rider to lead a race (18 years and 228 days)
  • Youngest Grand Prix winner (18 years and 228 days)
  • Youngest rider to finish on the podium (18 years and 228 days)
  • Youngest driver to have achieved a fastest lap (19 years and 44 days)
  • Youngest driver to have achieved a Grand Slam (23 years and 277 days)
  • Most podiums in one season: 18 (2021)

literature

  • André Hoogeboom: Max. Het ongeautoriseerde verhaal over de jongste Formule I-winnaar ooit. Uithoorn: Karakter Uitgevers, 2016, ISBN 978-90-452-1521-1

Web links

Commons : Max Verstappen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ "Biography Max". Verstappen.nl, accessed on September 30, 2014 (English).
  2. Peter Allen: Ten karting stars to watch. paddockscout.com, September 26, 2012, accessed March 15, 2015 .
  3. ^ "Verstappen and Joyner 2013 World Karting Champions". (No longer available online.) Fia.com, December 6, 2013, archived from the original on March 5, 2014 ; accessed on March 4, 2014 .
  4. Marcus Simmons: “Max Verstappen flies in Formula 3 test debut”. autosport.com, December 19, 2013, accessed March 4, 2014 .
  5. Valentin Khorounzhiy: "Karting prodigy Max Verstappen joins FIA F3 grid with VAR". paddockscout.com, March 4, 2014, accessed March 4, 2014 .
  6. a b Philip Schajer: "Formula 1 - Max Verstappen will start in 2015 for Toro Rosso." Youngest F1 driver in history. Motorsport-Magazin.com, August 18, 2014, accessed on August 18, 2014 .
  7. Christian Menath: "Formula 1 - Verstappen becomes Red Bull Junior". 2015 in the Toro Rosso? Motorsport-Magazin.com, August 12, 2014, accessed on August 18, 2014 .
  8. Gerald Dirnbeck: "Tost: Verstappen drives in Suzuka". Motorsport-Total.com, September 19, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014 .
  9. Markus Lüttgens: "Toro Rosso confirmed: Verstappen debuts in Suzuka". Motorsport-Total.com, September 29, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014 .
  10. Raphaela Scheidl: Formula 1 - FIA gala: Verstappen steals the show from Hamilton. Hat trick for the Toro Rosso rookie. Motorsport-Magazin.com, December 5, 2015, accessed January 6, 2016 .
  11. Dominik Sharaf: Red Bull confirms: Verstappen is replacing Kwjat with immediate effect! Motorsport-Total.com, accessed May 5, 2016 .
  12. Verstappen wins - Silver Arrows crash. sport1.de, accessed on May 15, 2016 .
  13. Dieter Rencken, Maria Reyer: Drivers unanimously welcome the "anti-Verstappen rule". Motorsport-Total.com, October 23, 2016, accessed November 22, 2016 .
  14. Norman Fischer: Change of direction when braking from now on under observation. Motorsport-Total.com, October 22, 2016, accessed November 22, 2016 .
  15. ^ Robert Seiwert: Formula 1 - Mexico: Hamilton wins, Verstappen loses podium. Motorsport-Magazin.com, October 30, 2016, accessed November 22, 2016 .
  16. Offense Doc40 - M.Verstappen . In: Federation Internationale de l'Automobile . ( fia.com [PDF; accessed November 15, 2018]).
  17. DPG Media Privacy Gate. Retrieved May 24, 2021 .
  18. 11. Organization of the tournaments for the Hamilton Russell Cup and the World Championship for national teams . In: Tournament paperback . De Gruyter, December 31, 1954, p. 113-117 , doi : 10.1515 / 9783111473314-013 .
  19. Norman Fischer: "Verstappen junior: Big name for Formula 3?" Motorsport-Total.com, January 29, 2014, accessed on March 4, 2014 .
  20. Verstappen drives under a false flag. In: sport1.de. April 6, 2015, accessed May 15, 2016 .
  21. Christian Nimmervoll: Verstappen mother Sophie Kumpen: Max is really Belgian. Motorsport-Total.com, April 6, 2015, accessed April 6, 2015 .
  22. Formula 1 drivers Verstappen and Norris dominate the virtual 24-hour race - derStandard.at. Retrieved on March 4, 2020 (Austrian German).
  23. 24h Le Mans virtual: Victories for Rebellion and Porsche - bad luck for F1 stars. Retrieved June 22, 2020 .
  24. Max Verstappen's inner circle. Retrieved August 16, 2021 .