Torino FC

Torino FC
Basic data
Surname	Torino Football Club SpA
Seat	Turin , Italy
founding	December 3, 1906
Colours	garnet red
president	Urbano Cairo
Website	torinofc.it
First soccer team
Head coach	Marco Giampaolo
Venue	Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino
Places	28,177
league	Series A
2019/20	16th place
home Away Alternatively

The Torino Football Club , Torino FC or Torino for short , known in German-speaking countries as FC Turin , is an Italian football club from the Piedmontese capital, Turin, founded in 1906 . Other names are I Granata ("The Garnets") and Il Toro ("The Bull").

Torino FC is a seven-time Italian champion and five-time Italian cup winner . The club's home venue is the Turin Olympic Stadium .

history

The beginnings

Foot Ball Club Torino in 1907

Alfredo Dick, co-founder and first president of Torino FC.

In 1900 the FC Torinese and Internazionale Torino merged , the new team initially kept the name Football Club Torinese . Six years later, some former Juventus players joined the Torinese Football Club under the leadership of Swiss Alfredo Dick , who had been ousted as president there. Together they founded the Foot Ball Club Torino on December 3, 1906 .

The first national championship was revoked because of the outbreak of the First World War . The championship title of the 1926/27 season was subsequently revoked when it came out that defender Luigi Allemandi was bribed by local rivals Juventus Turin in the run-up to a derby . The player and coach of this legendary early days of FC Turin was the future world champion coach Vittorio Pozzo between 1906 and 1924 , who remained closely associated with the club until the end of his life. During his time as national coach from 1929 to 1948, he often built on the players of his home club. In an international match, he put eleven players from Turin in the starting line-up - ten from FC and one from Juventus. In the 1927/28 season , the club won the Italian championship , the Scudetto, for the first time . For the 1936/37 season, the club name was changed to Associazione Calcio Torino , as the fascist rulers did not tolerate any foreign words in club names.

Il Grande Torino

→ Main articles : Grande Torino  and Superga plane crash

The Torino FC championship team known as the Grande Torino here in 1948, about a year before the Superga tragedy.

Opera by Ermanno Eandi on the 50th anniversary of the tragedy

His most successful period witnessed the club between 1942 and 1949. The team this time, under the leadership of team captain Valentino Mazzola , went as Grande Torino in the football history and is still regarded as one of the best ever in the Serie A played. Between 1943 and 1949, interrupted by the Second World War , AC Turin won five championship titles in a row, setting the record set by Juventus in the first half of the 1930s. The last of these five title wins is still one of the saddest chapter in the club's history. Already on the fifth last match day they secured the Scudetto with a 1-1 draw at the main pursuer Inter Milan , Valentino Mazzola equalized shortly before the final whistle. Because of this, there was a trip to Portugal , where a friendly against Benfica Lisbon took place. On the return flight on May 4, 1949, the Fiat G.212 crashed in thick fog a few meters below the Superga basilica in the hill of the same name above Turin. Almost all of the team's players were killed, as were club officials and three accompanying journalists. Of the Grande Torino team , only Sauro Tomà survived , who had not started the trip to Lisbon due to an injury. The season was played to the end by the A-youth.

The club did not recover from this loss. After a decade of mediocrity, they rose to Serie B in 1959 , but returned to Serie A after a year. From the early 1960s to the late 1980s, Turin had good results in Serie A, including another championship in the 1975/76 season . For the 1978/79 season, the club was renamed Torino Calcio . Since the end of the 1980s, they switched back and forth between Serie A and Serie B without achieving any further success, apart from winning the Coppa Italia in 1993 and the Mitropa Cup in 1991.

But even in their worst years, I Granata delivered legendary games in the so-called Derby della Mole against local rivals Juventus .

Current developments

The sporting promotion to Serie A in the 2005/06 season after three years of second-rate status was quickly followed by disillusionment: On July 25, 2005, the sports court of the football association , Torino Calcio, together with FC Messina , decided not to grant a Serie A license, because both clubs had accumulated enormous debts. While the Italian Court of Justice for Sports Matters in Rome overturned the decision in the Messina case, it upheld Torino's license refusal. In total, the association had 34 million euros in liabilities to the tax office. After a guarantee was presented to cover around half of this debt, it turned out that these documents were forged. Nevertheless, Turin was allowed to compete in Serie B in the 2005/06 season after new investors had found. However, it turned out that some of the guarantee papers were also forged and the Torino had a mountain of debt of around 80 million euros. This burden leads to the bankruptcy of the club, with little prospect of the club being saved.

In the 2005/06 season , the newly founded FC Turin managed to rise to the top of the league. In the decisive relegation second leg, AC Mantova was defeated 3-1 in front of almost 60,000 spectators in the well-filled Stadio delle Alpi , after losing the first leg in Mantua 2-4 . The club was able to narrowly escape relegation in the 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons , but at the end of the 2008/09 season the club had to return to Serie B when they were eighth in the table. After three years in Serie B, he was promoted to Serie A again at the end of the 2011/12 season .

Game and training facilities

Historic venues

FC Turin found its first real home in 1926 in the Stadio Filadelfia , where they played until 1963. To this day, the heart of the Tifosi hangs on the old Filadelfia , which was the home of the Grande Torino . Despite recurring plans to restore it and make it the home of FC Turin again, it has since been demolished.

From 1963 to 1990, the club played its home games in the Stadio Comunale with space for around 65,000 fans, which was shared with local rivals Juve . In 1990 the company moved to the Stadio delle Alpi, which had been newly built for the 1990 World Cup and had a capacity of around 69,000, and which in turn was shared with Juventus. However, the stadium in the north of Turin was extremely unpopular with supporters of both camps because of the poor visibility for spectators.

Stadion

Olympic Stadium Turin

→ Main article : Turin Olympic Stadium

From the 2006/07 season, both Turin clubs played their home games again in the old Stadio Comunale, which can accommodate around 29,000 spectators and was completely modernized for the 2006 Winter Olympics . Since the 2011/12 season, only Torino has played in this stadium, as Juventus has moved to its newly built Juventus Stadium , which is located on the bottom of the Stadio delle Alpi . In April 2016, the venue was renamed Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino in memory of the Grande Torino team .

Fan scene

Torino FC fan curve (2006)

The Fedelissimi Granata group of FC Turin, founded in 1951, is probably the most important precursor of the Italian ultra movement . In the second half of the 1960s, the first group to give itself a name inspired by guerrilla warfare was brought into being at FC Turin with the merger of the Commandos Fedelissimi . An example that was soon followed by other groups in Italy.

FC Turin sees itself as the city's true club, which is reflected in statements such as "We Turinians love the bull, only he represents this wonderful city". It should be noted that the heraldic animal of both the city and the club is a bull . In fact, the city is largely in the hands of the Torino FC fan scene.

Friendships

Friendship scarf from
Torino and Fiorentina

The most intense and longest lasting friendship with fans has been with the fans of Fiorentina since the 1970s . It came about because of the intense mutual dislike for Juventus Turin , the arch-rival of both teams.

Another friendship exists with CFC Genoa , which, however, suffered serious damage after around 30 years and threatened to break. On May 24, 2009, the penultimate matchday of the 2008/09 season , CFC Genoa made a guest appearance at FC Turin. There was a lot going on for both clubs: Genoa still had the opportunity to qualify for the qualifying round for the UEFA Champions League (which instead was achieved by Fiorentina, who are also friends with FC Turin) and FC Turin needed a success in the battle to stay relegated (He was relegated to the second division at the end of the season ). Shortly before the end of the game, the score was 2-2, before the Argentine striker Diego Milito scored the winning goal for Genoa in the 89th minute. This was followed by fights between the players and a heated atmosphere in the stadium. After the rise of the "Toro" three years later, on December 16, 2012, the two clubs played for the first time and their fan groups came closer together.

On an international level, there is a friendship with Manchester City as well as several club friendships that have existed for decades. One of these friendships at club level exists with Benfica Lisbon and was formed in 1949. On May 3, 1949, Il Grande Torino played a friendly game in Lisbon at the invitation of Benfica , which was lost 3: 4. On the return flight to Turin on May 4, 1949, the tragic plane crash of Superga occurred , in which all passengers (including almost the entire tribe of the Grande Torino) were killed.

Another friendship exists with the Argentine club River Plate . After hearing the news of the plane crash, Antonio Vespucio Liberti, President of River Plate at the time, decided that his team should travel to Italy to play a charity match for the victims' families and to show solidarity with Torino FC. The game, in which the Turin FC team was symbolized by a league selection, took place on May 26, 1949 and ended 2-2. Since then, there have been friendly contacts between the two clubs who, in mutual respect, have based some of their third jerseys on the traditional jerseys of the other club. For example, on June 6, 1953, the team of FC Turin competed in a river-like jersey for the first time in a game against AC Milan, and River wears a garnet jersey for matches that take place on May 4th or the next day out.

The longest contacts (for more than a century) exist with the Brazilian association Corinthians São Paulo . In 1914, the Turin FC team made a trip to South America to play friendly games in Argentina and Brazil . All the games in Brazil were played in São Paulo , where there were many residents with Italian roots. On August 15, 1914, the game against the Corinthians took place, who competed against a foreign team for the first time in this encounter. In 1948, the Grande Torino team traveled to Brazil again to face the Corinthians again and to renew friendly contacts. After the plane crash in Turin the following year, the Corinthians team competed in their next game in honor of FC Turin in a garnet red jersey and donated the proceeds from this and the next games to the families of the fatally injured. In 2011, the Corinthians decided on a second third jersey in garnet red.

Rivalries

Game scene from the first
Derby della Mole in 1907
in the Velodrome Humbert I .

In addition to main and city rivals Juventus Turin, against whom the Derby della Mole is contested, there are greater aversions to the two Milanese clubs Milan and Inter , as well as Atalanta Bergamo , FC Bologna , Brescia Calcio , Hellas Verona , US Lecce , AC Perugia Calcio and Piacenza Calcio 1919 . Further rivalries exist with AS Roma , which originated in 1973 when the Torino fans burned a Roma fan banner, and with Sampdoria Genoa , which is primarily due to the fan friendship of the "Toro" with its city rivals CFC Genoa.

See also : Derby della Mole

Others

Suppliers and sponsors

The supplier has been the Italian sporting goods manufacturer Kappa since 2008 ; the contract runs until 2020.

In 1981, Torino signed an advertising contract with Barbero, who placed their lettering on the jerseys. This was followed by Ariostea (1983–1984), Sweda Italia (1984–1988), Indesit (1988–1991), Fratelli Beretta (1991–1994), Bongioanni Caldaie (1994–1995), SDA Express Courier (1995–2000), Directa (2000–2001), Conto Arancio (2001–2002), Ixfin (2002–2003), Bavaria (2003–2005), Reale Mutua (2005–2008), Renault Trucks (2008–2009), Italporte (2009–2011) , Valmora (2011–2012), Fratelli Beretta (2012–2013) and Fratelli Beretta / Suzuki (since 2013).

Club colors and crests

Since it was founded in 1906, FC Turin has worn garnet red, with white trousers and garnet red socks. The away jersey is traditionally mostly white. Today's club coat of arms in the form of a shield combines the colors of the club and the coat of arms of the city of Turin , it shows the club name and the year of foundation in the upper part and a raised bull in the lower part.

• 

  Coat of arms of AC Torino until 1977

• 

  1983 to 1990

• 

  1990 to 2005

• 

  since 2005

facts and figures

Club successes

The AC Torino championship team in 1975

National	title	season
Italian championship	7th	1927/28 , 1942/43 , 1945/46 , 1946/47 , 1947/48 , 1948/49 , 1975/76
Italian Cup	5	1935/36, 1942/43 , 1967/68 , 1970/71 , 1992/93
International	title	season
Coppa delle Alpi	1	1990
Mitropacup	1	1991

Successes of the youth teams

• Italian Primavera Championship : 1966/67, 1967/68, 1969/70, 1976/77, 1985, 1987/88, 1990/91, 1991/92, 2014/15
• Italian Primavera Cup : 1982/83, 1983/84, 1985/86, 1987/88, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1998/99, 2017/18
• Torneo di Viareggio : 1984, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1995, 1998

staff

Professional team squad (2019/20)

No.	Nat.	Surname	Date of birth	In the team since	Contract until
goalkeeper
18th		Samir Ujkani	5th July 1988	2019	2020
25th		Antonio Rosati	June 26, 1983	2018	2021
39		Salvatore Sirigu	January 12, 1987	2017	2022
Defender
04th		Lyanco	February 1, 1997	2017	2024
05		Armando Izzo	March 2, 1992	2018	2024
14th		Kevin Bonifazi	May 19, 1996	2014	2022
15th		Cristian Ansaldi	September 20, 1986	2019	2021
29		Lorenzo De Silvestri	May 23, 1988	2016	2020
30th		Koffi Djidji	November 30, 1992	2019	2021
33		Nicolas N'Koulou	March 27, 1990	2018	2021
34		Ola Aina	October 8, 1996	2019	2023
36		Bremer	March 18, 1997	2018	2023
midfield player
07th		Saša Lukić	August 13, 1996	2016	2023
08th		Daniele Baselli	March 12, 1992	2015	2022
23		Soualiho Meïté	March 17, 1994	2018	2023
88		Tomás Rincon	January 13, 1988	2018	2021
striker
09		Andrea Belotti	December 20, 1993	2015	2022
10		Iago Falque	4th January 1990	2017	2022
11		Simone Zaza	June 25, 1991	2019	2023
21st		Álex Berenguer	4th July 1995	2017	2022
22nd		Vincenzo Millico	August 12, 2000	2011	2023
24		Simone Verdi	July 12, 1992	2019	2024
27		Vittorio Parigini	March 25, 1996	2013	2020
As of September 2, 2019

Former players

•  Christian Abbiati
•  Afriyie Acquah
•  Carlos Aguilera
•  Amauri
•  Danilo D'Ambrosio
•  Nicola Amoruso
•  Jocelyn Angloma
•  Danilo Avelar
•  Vlada Avramov
•  Valerio Bacigalupo
•  Dino Baggio
•  Joe Baker
•  Aldo Ballarin
•  Adolfo Baloncieri
•  Federico Balzaretti
•  Barreto
•  Antonio Barreca
•  Simone Barone
•  Enzo Bearzot
•  Marco Benassi
•  Rolando Bianchi
•  Cesare Bovo
•  Sergio Brighenti
•  Matteo Brighi
•  Luca Bucci
•  Horst Buhtz
•  Nicolás Burdisso
•  Emanuele Calaiò
•  Canalli
•  Riccardo Carapellese
•  Walter Casagrande
•  Domenico Caso
•  Luca Castellazzi
•  Sergio Castelletti
•  Luciano Castellini
•  Eusebio Castigliano
•  Alessio Cerci
•  Francesco Coco
•  Paul Codrea
•  Sandro Cois
•  Giancarlo Corradini
•  Roberto Cravero
•  André Cruz
•  Matteo Darmian
•  Teobaldo Depetrini
•  Massimo Donati
•  Mark Edusei
•  Enrico Fantini
•  Alexander Farnerud
•  Marco Ferrante
•  Pietro Ferraris
•  Giorgio Ferrini
•  Daniele Fortunato
•  Enzo Francescoli
•  Giovanni Francini
•  Diego Fuser
•  Luca Fusi
•  Guglielmo Gabetto
•  Giovanni Galli
•  Andrea Gasbarroni
•  Alessandro Gazzi
•  Jean-François Gillet
•  Kamil Glik
•  Francesco Graziani
•  Giuseppe Grezar
•  Luigi Griffanti
•  Joe Hart
•  Salvador Ichazo
•  Ciro Immobile
•  Juan Iturbe
•  Pontus Jansson
•  Robert Jarni
•  Hate Jeppson
•  Jonathas
•  Junior
•  Omar El Kaddouri
•  Hans fighter
•  Wim Kieft
•  Georges Lang
•  Salvatore Lanna
•  Marcelo Larrondo
•  Denis Law
•  Gianluigi Lentini
•  Julio Libonatti
•  Adem Ljajic
•  Ezio Loik
•  Maxi Lopez
•  Cristiano Lucarelli
•  Nikola Maksimović
•  Andrea Mandorlini
•  Luca Marchegiani
•  Giovanni Marchese
•  Virgilio Maroso
•  Josef Martínez
•  Salvatore Masiello
•  Valentino Mazzola
•  Riccardo Meggiorini
•  Gustavo Méndez
•  Romeo Menti
•  Gigi Meroni
•  Juan Sánchez Miño
•  Lorenzo Minotti
•  Cristian Molinaro
•  Emiliano Mondonico
•  Emiliano Moretti
•  Heinrich Muller
•  Roberto Mussi
•  Roberto Muzzi
•  M'Baye Niang
•  Davide Nicola
•  Walter Novellino
•  Joel Obi
•  Angelo Ogbonna
•  Aldo Olivieri
•  Piero Operto
•  Alberto Orlando
•  Franco Ossola
•  Alessandro Parisi
•  Eraldo Pecci
•  Abedi Pelé
•  Bruno Peres
•  Gianluca pessotto
•  Inácio Piá
•  Pinga
•  Fabrizio Poletti
•  Toni upholstery
•  Giorgio Puia
•  Paolino Pulici
•  Fabio Quagliarella
•  Álvaro Recoba
•  Mario Rigamonti
•  Ruggiero Rizzitelli
•  Guillermo Rodríguez
•  Alessandro Rosina
•  Gino Rossetti
•  Luca Rossettini
•  Rubinho
•  Patrizio Sala
•  Claudio Sala
•  Jürgen Säumel
•  Walter Schachner
•  Heinrich Schönfeld
•  Enzo Scifo
•  Franco Selvaggi
•  Franco Semioli
•  Lucidio Sentimenti
•  Aldo Serena
•  Gastón Silva
•  Roberto Soriano
•  Walter Streule
•  Hakan Şükür
•  Panagiotis Tachtsidis
•  Sauro Tomà
•  Mirko Valdifiori
•  Rafael Martín Vázquez
•  Simone Verdi
•  Christian Vieri
•  Lido Vieri
•  Giuseppe Vives
•  Johan Walem
•  Renato Zaccarelli
•  Davide Zappacosta

Player records

Giorgio Ferrini

Paolo Pulici

(Status: end of season 2019/20; all competitive games and goals are indicated, players in bold are still active in the club)

Calls 01  Giorgio Ferrini 1959-1975 566 02  Paolo Pulici 1967-1982 437 03  Renato Zaccarelli 1974-1987 413 04th  Claudio Sala 1969-1980 360 05  Lido Vieri 1958-1969 357 06th  Cesare Martin 1919-1936 345 07th  Luigi Danova 1919-1936 340 08th  Natalino Fossati 1964-1974 336 09  Antonio Janni 1920-1937 330 10  Giorgio Puia 1963-1972 326

Gates 01  Paolo Pulici 1967-1982 172 02  Julio Libonatti 1925-1934 157 03  Gino Rossetti 1926-1933 1937-1938 144 04th  Guglielmo Gabetto 1941-1949 127 05  Marco Ferrante 1996-2004 125 06th  Valentino Mazzola 1942-1949 123 07th  Francesco Graziani 1973-1981 122 08th  Adolfo Baloncieri 1925-1932 100 09  Andrea Belotti 2015–0000 92 10  Franco Ossola 1939-1949 85

Coach history

Head coach
Term of office	Surname
1912-1922	Vittorio Pozzo
1922-1924	Karl Striker
1924-1926	Peter Farmer
1926-1927	Imre Schoffer
1927-1929	Anton Cargnelli
1929-1930	Anton Cargnelli Karl striker
1930-1931	Vittorio Morelli di Popolo
1931-1932	Adolfo Baloncieri Giuseppe Aliberti
1932-1933	Franz Hansel Augusto Rangone
1933-1934	Augusto Rangone Eugen Payer
1934-1936	Anton Cargnelli
1936-1938	Gyula Feldmann Mario Sperone
1938-1939	Ernő heirstone
1939-1940	András Kuttik Angelo Mattea
1940-1942	Anton Cargnelli
1942-1943	Andreas Kutik Antonio Janni
194400000	Antonio Janni
1945-1947	Luigi Ferrero
1947-1948	Mario Sperone Roberto Copernico (Technical Director)
1948-1949	Leslie Lievesley Ernő Erbstein (Technical Director)
1949-1951	Giuseppe Bigogno Roberto Copernico (Technical Director)
1951-1952	Mario Sperone , Oberdan Ussello Roberto Copernico (Technical Director)
1952-1953	Oberdan Ussello Roberto Copernico (Technical Director) Jesse Carver (Technical Director)
1953-1954	Oberdan Ussello Jesse Carver (Technical Director) Luigi Miconi Annibale Frossi (Technical Director)

Head coach
Term of office	Surname
1954-1956	Annibale Frossi
1956-1957	Fioravante Baldi Blagoje Marjanović
1957-1958	Blagoje Marjanović Fioravante Baldi
1958-1959	Federico Allasio Quinto Bertoloni Imre Senkey
1959-1960	Imre Senkey Giacinto Ellena
1960–1962	Beniamino Santos
1962-1963	Beniamino Santos Giacinto Ellena
1963-1966	Nereo Rocco
1966-1967	Marino Bergamasco Nereo Rocco (Technical Director)
1967-1969	Edmondo Fabbri
1969-1971	Giancarlo Cadè
1971-1973	Gustavo Giagnoni
1973-1974	Gustavo Giagnoni Edmondo Fabbri
1974-1975	Edmondo Fabbri
1975-1979	Luigi Radice
1979-1980	Luigi Radice Ercole Rabitti
1980-1981	Ercole Rabitti Romano Cazzaniga
1981-1982	Massimo Giacomini
1982-1984	Eugenio Bersellini
1984-1988	Luigi Radice
1988-1989	Luigi Radice Claudio Sala Sergio Vatta
1989-1990	Eugenio Fascetti
1990-1994	Emiliano Mondonico
1994-1995	Rosario Rampanti Nedo Sonetti
1995-1996	Nedo Sonetti Franco Scoglio Lido Vieri

Head coach
Term of office	Surname
1996-1997	Mauro Sandreani Lido Vieri
1997-1998	Giancarlo Camolese Graeme Souness (Technical Director) Edoardo Reja
1998-2000	Emiliano Mondonico
2000-2001	Luigi Simoni Giancarlo Camolese
2001-2002	Giancarlo Camolese
2002-2003	Giancarlo Camolese Renzo Ulivieri Renato Zaccarelli
2003-2004	Ezio Rossi
2004-2005	Ezio Rossi Renato Zaccarelli
2005-2006	Daniele Arrigoni
2005-2006	Paolo Stringara
2005-2006	Gianni De Biasi
2006-2007	Gianni De Biasi Alberto Zaccheroni Gianni De Biasi
2007-2008	Walter Novellino Gianni De Biasi
2008-2009	Gianni De Biasi Walter Novellino Giancarlo Camolese
2009-2010	Stefano Colantuono Mario Beretta Stefano Colantuono
2010-2011	Franco Lerda Giuseppe Papadopulo Franco Lerda
2011-2016	Gian Piero Ventura
2016-2018	Sinisa Mihajlovic
2018-2020	Walter Mazzarri
202000000	Moreno Longo
2020–0000	Marco Giampaolo

Web links

Commons : Turin FC  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of Torino FC (Italian, English)
• Torino FC on legaseriea.it
• Torino FC on UEFA.com
• Latest news about Torino FC (Italian)
• Torino FC web archive (Italian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ torinofc.it - ​​La Storia del Torino FC
2. ↑ Torino: Serie A alternative club guide (English; article from April 16, 2015)
3. ↑ Ernst Christian Steinecke (11 friends): The bull is still alive - Why FC Turin is the most extraordinary club in Italy (article from May 29, 2018)
4. ↑ Italy expert Tippmann: “Juve is hated!” (Article of October 20, 2015)
5. ↑ War and Peace in Italian Football: The Ultras, Gemellaggio and Unexpected Friendships (English; article from August 25, 2015)
6. ↑ Torino-Fiorentina, storia di un'amicizia che il tempo non ha scalfito (Italian; article from September 29, 2016)
7. ↑ Genoa, la triste fine di un gemellaggio storico (Italian; article from May 25, 2009)
8. ↑ Genoa: oltre 400 tifosi in corteo Prima della gara con il Torino per sostenere la squadra ( Memento from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Italian; article from December 16, 2012)
9. ↑ Da Torino a Manchester: 1600 chilometri di passione per il Manchester City (Italian; article from November 25, 2016)
10. ↑ Presente A Bormio Le Maglie de Torino 2013-2014 Firmate Kappa (Italian; accessed April 2, 2019)
11. ↑ The last game of Grande Torino at Lisbon, May 4th 1949 (article from August 12, 2018)
12. ↑ River Plate and Torino: a tale of friendship (English; article from June 28, 2011)
13. ↑ Dramma River Plate: piange anche il Torino (Italian; article from June 27, 2011)
14. ↑ Torino and the Corinthian Spirit (English; article from March 4, 2013)
15. ↑ Gemellaggi e Rivalità degli Ultras Italiani (Italian; accessed April 2, 2019)
16. ↑ Friendships and rivalries (article from September 6, 2014)
17. ↑ Curva Ospiti | I tifosi della Roma (Italian; article from October 6, 2018)
18. ↑ Samp e Toro: so vicine, so lontane (Italian; article from February 14, 2012)
19. ↑ soccerstyle24.it - ​​Le scadenze dei contratti tra squadre e sponsor tecnici
20. ↑ Prima Squadra. In: torinofc.it. Torino Football Club SpA, accessed August 12, 2019 (Italian). 
21. ↑ Torino FC squad. In: transfermarkt.de . Transfermarkt GmbH & Co. KG, accessed on August 12, 2019 . 
22. ↑ archiviotoro.it - ​​see Allenatori