2004 Summer Olympics / Participant (Great Britain)

GBR

9	9	12

The UK participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics in the Greek capital, Athens, with 264 athletes, 103 women and 161 men.

It was the UK's 25th participation in the Summer Olympics since 1896 . This made the United Kingdom, along with Australia , Greece , France and Switzerland, one of the five nations that had previously participated in all the Summer Olympics.

Flag bearer

Judoka Kate Howey carried the flag of the United Kingdom during the opening ceremony at the Olympic Stadium ; at the closing ceremony it was worn by middle-distance runner and two-time gold medalist Kelly Holmes .

Medals

With nine won gold and silver and twelve bronze medals the team of the United Kingdom was ranked 10 in the medal count .

Medals by sports

sport				total
badminton	-	1	0	1
Boxing	-	1	-	1
canoe	-	1	2	3
athletics	3	-	-	3
Mod. Pentathlon	-	-	1	1
Cycling	2	1	1	4th
horse riding	1	1	1	3
rowing	1	2	1	4th
swim	-	-	2	2
sailing	2	1	2	5
Diving	-	1	0	1
total	9	9	12	30th

Medalist

gold

Video:
Kelly Holmes, 800 m

Video:
4 × 100 m relay

Name / s	sport	competition	date
Leslie Law	horse riding	Versatility, single	Aug 18
Chris Hoy	Cycling	Track, 1000 m time trial	20 Aug
Bradley Wiggins	Cycling	Track, 4000 m single pursuit	21 Aug
Ed Coode , James Cracknell , Matthew Pinsent & Steve Williams	rowing	Foursome without a helmsman	21 Aug
Ben Ainslie	sailing	Finn dinghy	21 Aug
Sarah Ayton , Shirley Robertson & Sarah Webb	sailing	Yngling	21 Aug
Kelly Holmes	athletics	800 m	23 Aug
Kelly Holmes	athletics	1500 m	28 Aug
Darren Campbell , Marlon Devonish , Jason Gardener & Mark Lewis-Francis	athletics	4 × 100 m relay	28 Aug

silver

Name / s	sport	competition	date
Leon Taylor & Peter Waterfield	Diving	Synchronized jumping 10 m	14 Aug
Jeanette Brakewell , William Fox-Pitt , Pippa Funnell , Mary King & Leslie Law	horse riding	/ Versatility, team	Aug 18
Gail Emms & Nathan Robertson	badminton	/ Mixed	19 Aug
Campbell Walsh	canoe	Canoe slalom, K1	19 Aug
Cath Bishop & Katherine Grainger	rowing	Two without a helmsman	21 Aug
Debbie Flood , Frances Houghton , Alison Mowbray & Rebecca Romero	rowing	Double fours	22 Aug
Steve Cummings , Rob Hayles , Paul Manning & Bradley Wiggins	Cycling	4000 m team pursuit	23 Aug
Joe Glanfield & Nick Rogers	sailing	470s	28 Aug
Amir Khan	Boxing	Lightweight (up to 60 kg)	29 Aug

bronze

Name / s	sport	competition	date
Stephen Parry	swim	200 m butterfly	17th Aug
Alison Williamson	Archery	singles	Aug 18
Helen Reeves	canoe	Canoe slalom, K1	Aug 18
Philippa Funnell	horse riding	Versatility, single	Aug 18
Kelly Sotherton	athletics	Heptathlon	21 Aug
Elise Laverick & Sarah Winckless	rowing	Double scull	21 Aug
David Davies	swim	1500 m freestyle	21 Aug
Rob Hayles & Bradley Wiggins	Cycling	Railway, Madison	25 Aug
Nick Dempsey	sailing	Windsurfing, Mistral	25 Aug
Chris Draper & Simon Hiscocks	sailing	Mixed class, 49ers	26 Aug
Georgina Harland	Modern pentathlon	singles	27 Aug
Ian Wynne	canoe	K1 500 m	28 Aug

Participants by sport

badminton

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Badminton

Name / s	competition	Results
Tracey Hallam	singles	1st round: 11: 7/6: 11/11: 9 win against Juliane Schenk from Germany 2nd round: 11: 2/5: 11/13:10 win against Camilla Martin from Denmark Quarterfinals: 0: 11 / 9-11 defeat against Mia Audina from the Netherlands
Kelly Morgan	singles	1st round: 11: 5/11: 3 win against Lenny Permana from Australia 2nd round: 6: 11/8: 11 loss against Zhang from China
Richard Vaughan	singles	1st round: 15: 5/15: 5 win against Marco Vasconcelos from Portugal 2nd round: 9: 15/4:15 loss against Shon Seung-mo from South Korea
Gail Emms & Donna Kellogg	Double	1st round: 15: 4/15: 4 win against Wai Chee / Li Wing from Hong Kong 2nd round: 15: 13/7: 15/5:15 defeats against Wei / Zhao from China
Ella Tripp & Joanne Wright	Double	1st round: 17:15/17:14 victory against Boteva / Nedeltschewa from Bulgaria 2nd round: 7:15/7:15 defeat against Audina / Bruil from the Netherlands
Anthony Clark & Nathan Robertson	Double	1st round: 15: 5/15: 9 win against Ngernsrisuk / Prapakamol from Thailand 2nd round: 7: 15/12:15 loss against Eng Hian / Limpele from Indonesia
Gail Emms & Nathan Robertson	/ Mixed	1st round: not played 2nd round: 15: 11/15: 4-win against Pitro / Siegemund from Germany quarter-finals: 15: 8/17: 15-win against Chen / Zhao from China semi-finals: 15: 6/15: 12 win against Olsen / Rasmussen from Denmark Final: 1:15/15: 12/12:15 defeat against Gao / Zhang from China 2nd place
Natalie Munt & Robert Blair	/ Mixed	1st round: 13: 15/15: 7/15: 13 victory against Yamamoto / Ōtsuka from Japan 2nd round: 8: 15/12:15 defeat against Marissa / Widianto from Indonesia

Archery

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Archery

Name / s	competition	Results
Naomi Folkard	singles	1st round: 139: 128 win against Olga Pilipova from Kazakhstan 2nd round: 156: 151 win against Mari Piuva from Finland 3rd round: 159: 171 defeat against Park Sung-hyun from South Korea 11th place
Helen Palmer	singles	1st round: 130-141 defeat against He Ying from China, 52nd place
Alison Williamson	singles	1st round: 147: 121 win against Janet Dykman from the USA 2nd round: 154: 150 win against Sayoko Kitabatake from Japan 3rd round: 165: 161 win against Zhang Juanjuan from China Quarterfinals: 109:89 win against He Ying from China Semi-finals: 100: 110 defeats against Park Sung-hyun from South Korea Final round: 105: 104 victory against Yuan Shu-chi from Chinese Taipei place 3
Laurence Godfrey	singles	1st round: 157: 155 win against Hasan Orbay from Turkey 2nd round: 163: 162 win against Magnus Petersson from Sweden 3rd round: 167: 162 win against Wiktor Ruban from Ukraine Quarterfinals: 110: 108- Victory against Chen Szu-yuan from Taiwan Semifinals: 108: 110 defeats against Marco Galiazzo from Italy Final round: 112: 113 defeat against Tim Cuddihy from Australia 4th place
Naomi Folkard, Helen Palmer & Alison Williamson	team	1st and 2nd round: not played 3rd round: 228: 230 defeat against the team from India 12th place

Boxing

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Boxing

Surname	competition	Results
Amir Khan	Lightweight (up to 60 kg)	1st round: Victory against Marios Kaperonis from Greece 2nd round: 37:21 victory against Dimitar Schtiljanow from Bulgaria Quarter-finals: Victory against Baik Jong-sub from South Korea Semi-finals: 40:26 victory against Serik Jeleuow from Kazakhstan Final: 22: 30 defeat against Mario Kindelán from Cuba 2nd place

fencing

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Fencing

Surname	competition	Results
Louise Bond-Williams	Saber single	1st round: 15:13 win against Susanne König from Germany 2nd round: 12:15 defeat against Jelena Netschajewa from Russia 16th place
Richard Kruse	Foil single	1st round: not played 2nd round: 15:11 win against Wang Haibin from China 3rd round: 15:14 win against Dan Kellner from the USA Quarter-finals: 8:15 defeat against Andrea Cassarà from Italy 8th place

Weightlifting

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Weightlifting

Surname	competition	Results
Michaela Breeze	Class up to 58 kg	Tear: 92.5 kg (10th) / impact: 120.0 kg (7th); total: 212.5 kg 9th place
Kamran Panjavi	Feather weight (up to 62 kg)	without a result

hockey

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Hockey

Names	competition	Results
Tom Bertram , Graham Dunlop, Guy Fordham, Brett Garrard, Daniel Hall, Ben Hawes, Michael Johnson, Jimi Lewis (TW), Simon Mason (TW), Barry Middleton, Graham Moodie, Rob Moore, Craig Parnham, Mark Pearn, Niall Stott & Jimmy Wallis	Men's tournament	1st group game: 3-1 win against Egypt 2nd group game: 2-3 loss against South Korea 3rd group game: 1-5 loss against Spain 4th group game: 1-4 loss against Germany 5th group game: 2: 8 defeat against Pakistan qualifying round (9th to 12th place): 4-1 win against Argentina final round: 1: 1/3: 4 defeat in the seven-meter shootout against South Africa 9th place

Judo

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Judo

Names	competition	Results
Georgina Singleton	Half light weight (up to 52 kg)	1st round: 1001: 0000 win against Fabiane Hukuda from Brazil 2nd round: 0010: 0000 win against Flor Velázquez from Venezuela Quarterfinals: 0000: 1001 loss against Yuki Yokosawa from Japan Hope round 2: 0011: 0010 win against Ri Sang-sim from North Korea Hope round 3: 0000: 0011 defeat against Ilse Heylen from Belgium
Sophie Cox	Lightweight (up to 57 kg)	1st round: 1010: 0000 win against Elina Nasaudrodro from Fidji 2nd round: 0001: 0000 win against Ioulieta Boukouvala from Greece Quarterfinals: 0010: 1010 defeat against Kye Sun-hui from North Korea Hope round 2: 0000: 1000 defeat against Natalia Yukhareva from Russia
Sarah Clark	Medium weight (up to 63 kg)	1st round: BYE 2nd round: 0001: 1001 defeat against Claudia Heill from Austria Hope round 1: 0001: 1000 defeat against Ronda Rousey from the USA
Kate Howey	Middle weight (up to 70 kg)	1st round: 1011: 0000 win against Nasiba Surkiyeva from Turkmenistan 2nd round: 0001: 0010 loss against Catherine Roberge from Canada
Rachel Wilding	Light heavyweight (up to 78 kg)	1st round: BYE 2nd round: 1011: 0011 win against Esther San Miguel from Spain Quarterfinals: 0000: 1000 loss against Anastassija Matrossowa from Ukraine Hope round 2: 0000: 0001 loss against Lee So-yeon from South Korea
Karina Bryant	Heavy weight (over 78 kg)	1st round: 0010: 0030 loss to Daima Beltrán from Cuba Hope round 1: 1003: 0000 win against Tatiana Bvegadzi from the Republic of the Congo Hope round 2: 0020: 0111 loss to Giovanna Blanco from Venezuela
Craig Fallon	Super light weight (up to 60 kg)	1st round: 1000: 0000 win against Scott Fernandis from Australia 2nd round: 0110: 1010 loss against Revazi Zintiridis from Greece
Winston Gordon	Middle weight (up to 90 kg)	1st round: 1100: 0000 win against Dan Kelly from Australia 2nd round: 1000: 0001 win against Vicbart Geraldino from the Dominican Republic Quarterfinals: 0012: 0010 win against Carlos Honorato from Brazil Semifinals: 0020: 1000 loss against Surab Swiadauri from Georgia Final round: 0000: 1001 defeat against Mark Huizinga from the Netherlands 5th place

canoe

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Canoe

Name / s	competition	Results
Lucy Hardy	Sprint, K1 500 m	Preroll 2: 1: 54.518 min, 4th place semi-final 2: 1: 56.432 min, 3rd place final: 1: 53.717 min, 7th place
Ian Wynne	Sprint, K1 500 m	Preroll 2: 1: 37.341 min, 1st place semi-final 2: 1: 38.911 min, 1st place final: 1: 38.547 min, 3rd place
Tim Brabants	Sprint, K1 1000 m	Preroll 2: 3: 24.412 min, 1st place Final: 3: 30.552 min, 5th place
Paul Darby-Dowman & Ian Wynne	Sprint, K2 1000 m	Preroll 2: 3: 10.819 min, 2nd place Final: 3: 20.848 min, 7th place
Helen Reeves	Slalom, K1	Advance 1: 110.12 s; Advance 2: 103.51 s; total: 213.63 s, 3rd place semi-finals: 108.90 s, 5th place final: 109.87 s; total: 218.77 s, 3rd place
Campbell Walsh	Slalom, K1	Advance 1: 91.25 s; Preroll 2: 97.73 s; total: 188.98 s, 2nd place semi-finals: 93.68 s, 1st place final: 96.49 s; total: 190.17 s, 2nd place
Stuart McIntosh	Slalom C1	Advance 1: 99.87 s; Advance 2: 102.87 s; total: 202.74 s, 5th place semi-finals: 100.08 s, 7th place final: 111.11 s; total: 211.19 s, 8th place
Stuart Bowman & Nick Smith	Slalom C2	Advance 1: 102.25 s; Advance 2: 111.16 s; total: 213.41 s, 2nd place semi-finals: 114.02 s, 9th place

athletics

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Athletics

Sprints and short distance runs

Name / s	competition	Results
Abiodun Oyepitan	100 meters	Pre-run 8 (of 8): 11.23 s, 2nd place quarterfinal 1 (of 4): 11.28 s, 3rd place semi-final 1 (of 2): 11.18 s, 5th place
Darren Campbell	100 meters	Advance 1 (of 10): 10.35 s, place 4
Jason Gardener	100 meters	Pre-run 7 (of 10): 10.15 s (SB), 2nd place quarterfinals 3 (of 5): 10.15 s (SB), 2nd place semi-final 2 (of 2): 10.12 s (SB), place 5
Mark Lewis-Francis	100 meters	Preroll 2 (of 10): 10.13 s (SB), 1st place quarterfinal 1 (of 5): 10.12 s, 1st place semi-final 1 (of 2): 10.28 s, 5th place
Jason Gardener, Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish & Mark Lewis-Francis	4 × 100 m relay	Preroll 2 (of 2): 38.53 s, 2nd place Final: 38.07 s, 1st place
Joice Maduaka	200 metres	Preroll 3 (of 7): 23.15 s, place 4 Intermediate run 4 (of 4): 23.30 s, place 5
Abi Oyepitan	200 metres	Preroll 4 (of 7): 22.50 s / PB, 2nd place Intermediate 3rd (of 4): 22.79, 2nd place semi-final 1 (of 2): 22.56 s, 2nd place final: 22.87 s, 7th place
Darren Campbell	200 metres	Preroll 2 (of 7): 20.72 s, 4th place in the quarterfinals: 20.59 s / SB, 4th place in the semifinals: 20.89 s, 8th place
Chris Lambert	200 metres	Preroll 3 (of 7): Race not finished
Christian Malcolm	200 metres	Lead 5 (of 7): 20.62 s, 2nd place quarterfinals 3 (of 4): 20.56 s, 5th place semi-final 2 (of 2): 20.77 s, 7th place
Donna Fraser	400 meters	Preroll 3 (of 6): 51.19 s, 2nd place Semi-final 2 (of 3): 51.94 s, 7th place
Lee McConnell	400 meters	Preroll 1 (of 6): 51.19 s, 2nd place Semi-final 3 (of 3): 52.63 s, 8th place
Christine Ohuruogu	400 meters	Preroll 6 (of 6): 50.50 s / PB, 3rd place Semi-final 1 (of 3): 51.00 s, 4th place
Christine Ohuruogu, Catherine Murphy , Helen Karagounis & Lee McConnell	4 × 400 m relay	Preroll 1 (of 2): 3: 26.99 min / SB, 4th place Final: 3: 25.12 min / SB, 4th place
Timothy Benjamin	400 meters	Pre-run 8 (of 8): 45.69 s, 3rd place semi-finals: 46.28 s, 8th place
Daniel Caines	400 meters	Lead 4 (of 8): 46.15 s, place 4
Malachi Davis	400 meters	Lead 6 (of 8): 46.28 s, 5th place
Timothy Benjamin, Sean Baldock , Malachi Davis & Matthew Elias	4 × 400 m relay	Preroll 1 (of 2): 3: 02.40 min / SB, 1st place in the final, 3: 01.07 min / SB, 5th place
Sarah Claxton	100 meter hurdles	Forward 4 (of 5): 13.14 s, place 6
Robert Newton	110 meter hurdles	Forward 4 (of 6): 13.85 s, place 7
Andrew Turner	110 meter hurdles	Lead 5 (of 6): 49.77 s, place 8
Matthew Douglas	400 meter hurdles	Lead 5 (of 5): 49.77 s, 6th place
Christopher Rawlinson	400 meter hurdles	Preroll 1 (of 5): 48.94 s, 3rd place Semi-final 2 (of 3): 50.89 s, 8th place

Medium and long distance runs

Name / s	competition	Results
Joanne Fenn	800 meters	Pre-run 4 (of 6): 2: 03.72 min, 3rd place Semi-final 3 (of 3): 2: 00.60 min, 5th place
Kelly Holmes	800 meters	Preroll 3 (of 6): 2: 00.81 min, 1st place semi-final 1 (of 3): 1: 57.98 min / SB final: 1: 56.38 min, 1st place
Ricky Soos	800 meters	Preroll 2 (of 9): 1:45, 70 min / PB, 2nd place semi-final 3 (of 3): 1: 46.74 min, 6th place
Kelly Holmes	1500 meters	Preroll 2 (of 3): 4: 05.58 min, 2nd place semi-final 2 (of 2): 4: 04.77 min, 2nd place final: 3: 57.90 min / NR, 1st place
Joanne Pavey	1500 meters	Forward 3 (of 3): 4: 12.50 min
Hayley Tullett	1500 meters	Preroll 1 (of 3): 4: 07.27 min, 7th place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 4: 08.92 min, 11th place
Michael East	1500 meters	Preroll 3 (of 3): 3: 37.37 min, 1st place semi-final 1 (of 2): 3: 36.46 min, 6th place final: 3: 36.33 min (+ 2.14 s), 6th place
Joanne Pavey	5000 meters	Preroll 2 (of 2): 14: 55.45 min, 3rd place Final: 14: 57.87 min (+ 12.22 s), 5th place
John Mayock	5000 meters	Preroll 1 (of 2): 13: 26.81 min, place 10
Kathy Butler	10,000 meters	31: 41.13 min, 12th place
Paula Radcliffe	10,000 meters	Race not finished
Tracey Morris	marathon	2:41:00 h (+ 14:40 min), 29th place
Paula Radcliffe	marathon	Race not finished
Liz Yelling	marathon	2:40:13 h (+ 13:53 min), place 25
Jon Brown	marathon	2:12:26 h (+ 1:31 min), 4th place
Matthew O'Dowd	marathon	2:22:37 h (+ 11:42 min), place 50
Dan Robinson	marathon	2:17:53 h (+ 6:58 min), 23rd place
Justin Chaston	3000 meters obstacle course	Lead 3 (of 3): 8: 28.35 min, 5th place

Jumping and throwing competitions

Name / s	competition	Results
Jade Johnson	Long jump	Qualification: x - 5.01 m - 6.71 m , 6th place Final: 6.74 m - 6.80 m / PB - x - x - x - 6.67 m, 7th place
Christopher Tomlinson	Long jump	Qualification: 7.76 m - 8.23 m / SB - x, 3rd place Final: 8.25 m / SB - 8.04 m - 8.11 m - 8.09 m - 8.05 m - 7.92 m, 5th place
Phillips Idowu	Triple jump	Qualification: 17.33 m - x - x, 4th place Final: x - x - x, 12th place
Nathan Douglas	Triple jump	Qualification: 16.84 m - x - x, 13th place
Andrew Owusu	Triple jump	Qualification: 15.85 m - x - 16.64 m / SB, 19th place
Nick Buckfield	Pole vault	Qualification: 5.60 m, 21st place
Shelley Newman	Discus throw	Qualification: x - 54.04 m - 56.04 m , 33rd place
Philippa Roles	Discus throw	Qualification: 57.30 m - 58.83 m - x, 18th place
Emeka Udechuku	Discus throw	Qualification: x - 58.41 m - 55.79 m, place 25
Katherine Sayers	Javelin throw	Qualification: 59.11 m - 53.64 m - x, 20th place
Steve Backley	Javelin throw	Qualification: 80.60 m - 80.68 m - 80.39 m, 12th place final: 79.62 m - 81.48 m - 84.13 m / SB - 83.02 m - x - 81.62 m, 4th place
Nick Nieland	Javelin throw	Qualification: 68.86 m - 71.31 m - 72.79 m, 28th place
Lorraine Shaw	Hammer throw	Qualification: 63.06 m - 63.13 m - 64.79 m , place 30
Shirley Webb	Hammer throw	Qualification: 61.60 m - x - x, place 41

All around

Name / s	competition	Results
Denise Lewis	Heptathlon	100 meter hurdles: 14.99 s / 1065 points (7) high jump: 1.73 m / 891 points (16) shot put: 15.33 m / 883 points (2) 200 meters: 25.42 s / 849 points (27 ) Long jump: 5.89 m / 816 points (25) Competition not finished
Kelly Sotherton	Heptathlon	100 meter hurdles: 13.44 s / 1059 points (9) high jump: 1.85 m / 1041 points (2) shot put: 13.29 m / 747 points (15) 200 meters: 23.57 s / 1022 points (5 ) Long jump: 6.51 m / 1010 points (2) Javelin: 37.19 m / 613 points (28) 800 meters: 2: 12.27 min / 932 points (4) total: 6424 points, 3rd place
Dean Macey	Decathlon	100 meters: 10.89 s / 885 points (15) long jump: 7.47 m / 927 points (9) shot put: 15.73 m / 835 points (4) high jump: 2.15 m / 944 points (1) 400 Meters: 48.97 s / 863 points (10) 110 meters hurdles: 14.56 s / 903 points (18) discus throw: 48.34 m / 836 points (6) pole vault: 4.40 m / 731 points (27) Javelin throw: 58.46 m / 715 points (17) 1500 meters: 4: 25.42 min / 775 points (5) total: 8414 points, 4th place

Modern pentathlon

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Modern Pentathlon

Names	competition	Results
Kate Allenby	singles	Shooting, air pistol 10 meters: 169 rings, 19th place, 964 points fencing, epee: 21:10, 2nd place, 972 points swimming, 200 m freestyle: 2: 17.41 min, 5th place, 1272 points show jumping: 196 fault points, 25th place, 1004 points cross-country run, 3000 m: 11: 14.00 min, 14th place, 1024 points total: 5236 points, 8th place
Georgina Harland	singles	Shooting, air pistol 10 meters: 156 rings, 30th place, 808 points fencing, epee: 16:15, 12th place, 832 points swimming, 200 m freestyle: 2: 14.60 min, 2nd place, 1308 points show jumping: 56 fault points, 6th place, 1144 points cross-country run, 3000 m: 10: 17.31 min, 1st place, 1252 points total: 5344 points, 3rd place

Cycling

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Cycling

train

Name / s	competition	Results
Victoria Pendleton	sprint	Qualification: Time = 11.646 s, Ø = 61.823 km / h, place 10 1/8 finals, run 3 (out of 6): defeat against Tamilla Abassowa from Russia repechage , run 2 (out of 2): defeat against Katrin Meinke from Germany and Yvonne Hijgenaar from the Netherlands total: time = 12.699 s, Ø = 56.697 km / h, 9th place
Ross Edgar	sprint	Qualification: time = 10.381 s, Ø = 69.357 km / h 1/16 final, run 6 (out of 9), victory against Barry Forde from Barbados : time = 10.768 s 1/8 final, run 6 (out of 6), Loss against Damian Zielinski from Poland 1/8 final repechage , run 1 (of 2), victory against Josiah Ng from Malaysia and Sean Eadie from Australia : time = 10.906 s, Ø = 66.018 km / h quarter-finals, run 2 (from 4): Total loss to Theo Bos from the Netherlands : 5th place
Victoria Pendleton	500 m time trial	19.696 s / 34.626 s, 6th place
Chris Hoy	1000 m time trial	17.984 s / 31.414 s / 45.505 s / 1: 00.711 min / OR , 1st place
Craig MacLean	1000 m time trial	18.445 s / 32.367 s / 46.611 s / 1: 02.369 min, 7th place
Emma Davies	3000 m individual pursuit	Qualification: against Katherine Bates from Australia, 3: 35.069 min, place 7 intermediate run, run 3 (of 4): defeat (lapped) against Katie Mactier from Australia, place 8
Rob Hayles	4000 m single pursuit	Final: 4: 22.291 min, 4th place
Bradley Wiggins	4000 m single pursuit	Final: 4: 16.304 min, 1st place
Emma Davies	Points race	4 points, 12th place
Chris Newton	Points race	Race not finished
Ross Edgar	Keirin	1st preliminary round, run 3 (out of 3): 5th place, Hope run 1 (out of 3): 4th place
Jamie Staff	Keirin	1st preliminary round, run 1 (of 3): 3rd place 2nd preliminary round: run 2 (of 2): 6th place total: 12th place
Rob Hayles & Bradley Wiggins	Madison	12 points, 3rd place
Chris Hoy, Craig MacLean & Jamie Staff	Olympic sprint	Qualification: 44.693 s, 7th place, intermediate run: 44.075 s, 5th place
Steve Cummings , Rob Hayles, Paul Manning , Bradley Wiggins, Chris Newton & Bryan Steel	4000 m team pursuit	Qualification: 4: 03.985 min, 2nd place in the second round: win against France , 3: 59.866 min, 2nd place in the final: defeat against Australia (3: 58.233 min) 4: 01.760 min, 2nd place

Mountain bike

Surname	competition	Results
Oli Beckingsale	Cross Country 43.3 km	2:23:15 h, 17th place
Liam Killeen	Cross Country 43.3 km	2:18:32 h, 5th place

Street

Surname	competition	Results
Nicole Cooke	Road race 118.8 km	3:25:03 h, 5th place
Rachel Heal	Road race 118.8 km	3:25:42 h, 22nd place
Sara Symington	Road race 118.8 km	Race not finished
Roger Hammond	Road race 224.4 km	5:41:56 h, 7th place
Nicole Cooke	Individual time trial 24 km	33: 45.22 min, 19th place
Stuart Dangerfield	Individual time trial 48 km	1: 03: 00.72 h, place 28

horse riding

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / horse riding

Name / s	competition	Results
Richard Davison on Ballaseyr Royale	Dressage, singles	Grand Prix: 68.542 points = 21st place Grand Prix Special: 66.160 points = 22nd place; not qualified for further competition
Carl Hester on Escapado	Dressage, singles	Grand Prix: 70.667 points = 12th place Grand Prix Special: 72.440 points = 9th place Grand Prix Freestyle: 71.575 points = 14th place total: 71.561 points, 13th place
Emma Hindle on Wie Weltmeyer	Dressage, singles	Grand Prix: 67,500 points = 25th place; not qualified for further competition
Nicola McGivern on Active Walero	Dressage, singles	Grand Prix: 66,458 = 34th place; not qualified for further competition
Richard Davison on Ballaseyr Royale , Carl Hester on Escapado , Emma Hindle on Wie Weltmeyer & Nicola McGivern on Active Walero	/ Dressage, team	total: 68.903 points, 7th place
Nick Skelton on Arko III	Show jumping, singles	Qualification: 1, 5 and 0 fault points Final: 0 and 13 fault points, 10th place
Robert Smith on Mr. Springfield	Show jumping, singles	Qualification: 4, 8 and 9 fault points Final: 8 and 4 fault points, 4th place
Jeanette Brakewell on Over To You	Versatility, single	Dressage: 49.80 fault points, 28th place Cross-country ride : 4 fault points, 23rd place jumping, qualification: 4 faulty points, 18th place jumping, final: not started, 18th place
William Fox-Pitt on Tamarillo	Versatility, single	Dressage: 38.60 penalty points, 6th place cross-country ride: 0 penalty points, 5th place jumping, qualification: not participated
Pippa Funnell at Primmore's Pride	Versatility, single	Dressage: 31.40 error points, 2nd place cross-country ride: 11.20 error points, 8th place jumping, qualification: 0 error points, 3rd place jumping, final: 4 error points 3rd place
Mary King on King Solomon III	Versatility, single	Dressage: 48.00 fault points, 24th place Cross-country ride : 0 fault points, 18th place jumping, qualification: 8 faulty points, 16th place jumping, final: 18 faulty points, 20th place
Leslie Law on Shear l'Eau	Versatility, single	Dressage: 43.20 fault points, 10th place cross-country ride: 1.20 fault points, 11th place jumping, qualification: 0 fault points, 4th place jumping, final: 0 fault points 1st place
Jeanette Brakewell on Over To You , William Fox-Pitt on Tamarillo , Pippa Funnell on Primmore's Pride , Mary King on King Solomon III & Leslie Law on Shear l'Eau	/ Versatility, team	Dressage: 113.20 fault points, 1st place cross-country ride : 1.20 fault points, 3rd place jumping, qualification: 4 fault points, 2nd place jumping, final: not carried out; total of 143.00 error points 2nd place

Wrestling

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / wrestling

Surname	competition	Results
Nate Ackerman	Freestyle, class up to 74 kg (welterweight)	1st fight: 0-4 defeat against Araik Geworgjan from Armenia 2nd fight: 0-4 defeat against Gennady Lalijew from Kazakhstan 19th place

rowing

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Rowing

Name / s	competition	Results
Ian Lawson	One	Pre-run 4 (of 6): 7: 24.01 min, 2nd place; Qualified for the hope runs Hoffnungslauf 3 (out of 6): 6: 56.55 min, 1st place; qualified for the semi-finals Semi-finals C (from E): 6: 57.95 min, 3rd place; qualified for the B final B final (from E): 6: 57.63 min, 4th place; total: 10th place
Elise Laverick & Sarah Winckless	Double scull	Preroll 1 (of 2): 7: 29.75 min, 2nd place; qualified for the final Final: 7: 07.58 min, 3rd place
Matt Langridge & Matthew Wells	Double scull	Preroll 2 (of 3): 6: 48.13 min, 2nd place; qualified for the semi-finals Semi-final B: 6: 13.71 min, 4th place; qualified for the B final B final: 6: 14.40 min, 1st place; total: 8th place Note: The time achieved in the B final would have been enough for the Olympic victory in the A final!
Helen Casey & Tracy Langlands	Lightweight double scull	Preroll 3 (of 3): 6: 59.19 min, 4th place; Qualified for the hope races Hoffnungslauf 1 (out of 3): 6: 59.63 min, 2nd place; qualified for the semi-finals Semi-finals 1 (of 2): 6: 59.23 min, 5th place; qualified for the B final B final: 7: 29.12 min, 3rd place; total: 9th place
Catherine Bishop & Katherine Grainger	Two without a helmsman	Preroll 1 (of 2): 7: 29.04 min, 2nd place; qualified for the final Final: 7: 29.04 min, 2nd place
Rick Dunn & Toby Garbett	Two without a helmsman	Preroll 1 (of 3): 6: 58.95 min, 3rd place; qualified for the semi-finals Semi-finals A (from B): 6: 25.06 min, 4th place; qualified for the B final B final: 6: 22.04 min, 1st place; total: 7th place Note: The time achieved in the B final would have been enough for the Olympic victory in the A final!
Debbie Flood , Frances Houghton , Alison Mowbray & Rebecca Romero	Double fours	Preroll 1 (of 2): 6: 15.60 min, 1st place; qualified for the A final A final: 6: 31.26 min, 2nd place
Alan Campbell , Simon Cottle , Peter Gardner & Peter Wells	Double fours	Preroll 3 (of 3): 5: 54.69 min, 4th place; qualified for the repechage Reception run: 5: 54.69 min, 3rd place; qualified for the semi-finals Semi-finals A (from B): 5: 48.52 min, 6th place; qualified for the B final B final: 6: 07.87 min, 6th place; total: 12th place
Ed Coode , James Cracknell , Matthew Pinsent & Steve Williams	Foursome without a helmsman	Preroll 2 (of 3): 6: 20.85 min, 1st place; qualified for the semi-finals Semi-final B: 5: 50.44 min, 1st place; qualified for the A final A final: 6: 06.98 min, 1st place
Nick English , Mike Hennessy , Mark Hunter & Tim Male	Lightweight four without a helmsman	Preroll 2 (of 3): 6: 05.57 min, 4th place qualified for the repechage race: 5: 58.80 min, 4th place; total: 13th place
Robin Bourne-Taylor , Jonno Devlin , Dan Ouseley , Phil Simmons , Tom Stallard , Andrew Triggs Hodge , Josh West , Kieran West & Christian Cormack (helmsman)	Eighth	Preroll 2 (of 2): 5: 32.26 min, 4th place; Qualified for the hope runs Hoffnungslauf 2 (out of 2): 5: 34.37 min, 3rd place; qualified for the B final B final: 5: 34.37 min, 3rd place; total: 9th place

shoot

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Shooting

Surname	competition	Results
Sarah Gibbins	Trap	Qualification: 21 + 17 + 20 = 58 hits, 9th place
Michael Babb	Small bore, lying 50 m	Qualification: 98 + 99 + 100 + 99 + 100 + 99 = 595 points, 6th place, final: 101.8 points, total 696.8 points, 7th place
Edward Ling	Trap	Qualification: 24 + 21 + 24 + 69 + 22 + 22 + 113 points, place 25
Ian Peel	Trap	Qualification: 23 + 24 + 23 + 70 + 23 + 23 = 116 points, 19th place
Richard Faulds	Double trap	Qualification: 41 + 44 + 45 = 130 points, 13th place
Richard Brickell	Skeet	Qualification: 23 + 24 + 23 + 70 + 21 + 24 = 115 points, 34th place

swim

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Swimming

Name / s	competition	Results
Alison Sheppard	50 m freestyle	Preroll 9 (of 10): 25.36 s, 3rd place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 25.36 s, 5th place; total: 12th place
Melanie Marshall	100 m freestyle	Pre-run 5 (of 7): not started
Matthew Kidd	100 m freestyle	Lead 6 (of 9): 49.97 s, place 6; total: 23rd place
Melanie Marshall	200 m freestyle	Pre-run 5 (of 6): 2: 00.46 min, 3rd place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 2: 01.06 min, 8th place; total: 16th place
Simon Burnett	200 m freestyle	Pre-run 8 (of 8): 1: 48.68 min, 4th place semi-final 1 (of 2): 1: 47.72 min, 3rd place final: 1: 48.02 min, 7th place
Rebecca Cooke	400 m freestyle	Pre-run 4 (of 5): 4: 08.18 min, 2nd place Final: 4: 11.35 min, 8th place
Joanne Jackson	400 m freestyle	Lead 3 (of 5): 4: 14.89 min, 6th place; total: 21st place
Adam Faulkner	400 m freestyle	Preroll 5 (of 6): 3: 51.97 min, place 7; total: 17th place
Graeme Smith	400 m freestyle	Preroll 6 (of 6): 3: 52.41 min, place 8; total: 20th place
Rebecca Cooke	800 m freestyle	Preroll 3 (of 4): 8: 28.47 min, 1st place Final: 8: 29.37 min, 6th place
David Davies	1500 m freestyle	Pre-run 3 (of 5): 14: 57.03 min, 1st place Final: 14: 45.95 min / NR, 3rd place
Graeme Smith	1500 m freestyle	Pre-run 3 (of 5): 15: 07.45 min, 3rd place Final: 15: 09.71 min, 6th place
Gregor Tait	100 m back	Pre-run 5 (of 6): 55.77 s, 5th place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 55.31 s, 5th place; total: 12th place
James Goddard	200 m back	Pre-run 4 (of 5): 1: 57.96 min, 1st place semi-final 1 (of 2): 1: 57.25 min, 1st place final: 1: 57.76 min, 4th place
Gregor Tait	200 m back	Pre-run 4 (of 5): 1: 59.35 min, 2nd place semi-final 2: 1: 58.75 min, 3rd place final: 1: 59.28 min, 7th place
James Gibson	100 m chest	Pre-run 7 (of 8): 1: 00.99 min, 2nd place semi-final 2 (of 2): 1: 01.07 min, 2nd place final: 1: 01.36 min, 6th place
Darren Mew	100 m chest	Preroll 6 (of 8): 1: 00.89 min, 2nd place semi-final 1 (of 2): 1: 00.83 min, 2nd place final: 1: 01.66 min, 7th place
Kirsty Balfour	200 m chest	Pre-run 4 (of 5): 2: 29.78 min, 4th place Semi-final 2 (of 2): 2: 28.92 min, 5th place; total: 10th place
Chris Cook	200 m chest	Pre-run 4 (of 6): 2: 14.68 min, 5th place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 2: 15.91 min, 8th place; total: 15th place
Ian Edmond	200 m chest	Pre-run 6 (of 6): 2: 13.08 min, 3rd place semi-final 2 (of 2): disqualified; total: 16th place
Georgina Lee	100 m butterfly	Pre-run 4 (of 5): 1: 00.45 min, place 6; total: 20th place
James Hickman	100 m butterfly	Pre-run 7 (of 8): 52.91 s, 6th place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 53.10 s, 7th place; total: 15th place
Todd Cooper	100 m butterfly	Lead 6 (of 8): 53.48 s, 5th place; total: 22nd place
Georgina Lee	200 m butterfly	Preroll 2 (of 4): 2: 10.99 min, 2nd place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 2: 10.93 min, 5th place; total: 10th place
Stephen Parry	200 m butterfly	Preroll 3 (of 5): 1: 58.88 min, 6th place semi-final 1 (of 2): 1: 55.57 min, 1st place final: 1: 55.52 min, 3rd place
Robin Francis	200 m layers	Pre-run 7 (of 7): 2: 01.57 min, 5th place Semi-final 1 (of 2): 2: 03.85 min, 8th place; total: 16th place
Adrian Turner	200 m layers	Preroll 6 (of 7): 2: 01.73 min, 7th place Semi-final 2 (of 2): 2: 02.86 min, 8th place; total: 15th place
Robin Francis	400 m layers	Lead 4 (of 5): 4: 18.34 min, 5th place; total: 12th place
Adrian Turner	400 m layers	Preroll 4 (of 5): 4: 23.53 min, 6th place; total: 23rd place
Alison Sheppard, Kathryn Evans , Karen Pickering & M. Marshall Melanie Marshall, Kathryn Evans, Karen Pickering & Lisa Chapman	4 × 100 m freestyle	Preroll 1 (of 2): 55.49 + 55.21 + 55.57 + 54.83 = 3: 41.96 min, 2nd place in the final: 55.42 + 54.33 + 55.58 + 55.49 = 3: 40.82 min (+ 4.88 s), 6th place
K. Pickering, Joanne Jackson, Caitlin McClatchey & Melanie Marshall Melanie Marshall, Georgina Lee, Caitlin McClatchey & Karen Pickering	4 × 200 m freestyle	Preroll 1 (of 2): 2: 00.90 + 2: 00.89 + 2: 00.65 + 1: 59.33 = 8: 01.77 min, 1st place in the final: 1: 59.39 + 2: 00.50 + 2: 00.48 + 1: 58.74 = 7: 59.11 min (+ 5.69 s), 5th place
Simon Burnett, Ross Davenport , Gavin Meadows & David Carry Simon Burnett, Gavin Meadows, David O'Brien & Ross Davenport	4 × 200 m freestyle	Preroll 2 (of 2): 1: 50.43 + 1: 49.24 + 1: 48.46 + 1: 49.28 = 7: 17.41 min, 2nd place final: 1: 47.90 + 1: 48.46 + 1: 49.05 + 1: 47.19 = 7: 12.60 min (+ 5.27 s), 4th place
Sarah Price , Kirsty Balfour , Georgina Lee & Melanie Marshall Katy Sexton , Kirsty Balfour, Georgina Lee & Kathryn Evans	4 × 100 m layers	Preroll 2 (of 2): 1: 01.90 + 1: 09.19 + 59.56 + 54.98 = 4: 05.63 min, 2nd place in the final: 1: 02.36 + 1: 07.98 + 59.63 + ..., qualified
Gregor Tait, James Gibson, James Hickman & Matthew Kidd	4 × 100 m layers	Preroll 2 (of 2): 55.36 + 1: 00.30 + 52.23 + 49.05 = 3: 36.94 min, 3rd place in the final: 55.69 + 1: 00.30 + 52.64 + 49.14 = 3: 37.77 min (+ 7.09 s), 8th place

sailing

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Sailing

Name / s	competition	Results
Laura Baldwin	Europe	21.0 + 14.0 + 9.0 + 23.0 + 20.0 + 21.0 ( + 25.0 ) + 22.0 + 23.0 + 21.0 + 4.0 points total: 178, 0 points, 23rd place
Ben Ainslie	Finn dinghy	( + 26.0 ) + 1.0 + 1.0 + 4.0 + 1.0 + 2.0 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 14.0 points total: 38.0 points, 1st place
Christina Bassadone & Katherine Hopson	470s	5.0 + 14.0 + 15.0 + 4.0 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 17.0 ( + 21.0 ) + 2.0 + 16.0 + 7.0 points total: 91. 0 points, 7th place
Joe Glanfield & Nick Rogers	470s	2.0 + 3.0 + 9.0 + 4.0 + 17.0 + 5.0 + 2.0 + 3.0 + 10.0 + 19.0 ( + 23.0 ) points total: 74. 0 points, 2nd place
Sarah Ayton , Shirley Robertson & Sarah Webb	Yngling	5.0 + 4.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + 6.0 + 3.0 + 8.0 ( + 17 ) points total: 39.0 points , 1st place
Steve Mitchell & Iain Percy	star	8.0 + 3.0 + 12.0 + 9.0 + 6.0 + 3.0 + 16.0 + 5.0 + 7.0 ( + 17.0 ) + 4.0 points total: 73. 0 points, 6th place
Natasha Sturges	mistral	( 16.0 ) + 10.0 + 3.0 + 9.0 + 9.0 + 14.0 + 12.0 + 11.0 + 15.0 + 11.0 + 9.0 points total: 103, 0 points, 9th place
Nick Dempsey	mistral	2.0 + 11.0 ( + 15.0 ) + 10.0 + 2.0 + 9.0 + 1.0 + 10.0 + 1.0 + 6.0 + 1.0 points total: 53. 0 points, 3rd place
Paul Goodison	laser	13.0 + 3.0 ( + 28.0 ) + 5.0 + 11.0 + 7.0 + 1.0 + 9.0 + 8.0 + 7.0 + 17.0 points total: 81, 0 points, 4th place
Chris Draper & Simon Hiscocks	49er	8 + 5 + 6 + 3 + 10 + 8 + 1 ( + 13 ) ( + 11 ) + 8 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 9 + 6 + 6 points total: 77.0 points, 3rd place
Mark Bulkeley & Leigh McMillan	tornado	8.0 + 14.0 ( + 17.0 ) + 12.0 + 7.0 + 14.0 + 8.0 + 3.0 + 16.0 + 15.0 + 15.0 points total: 112, 0 points, 13th place

Taekwondo

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Taekwondo

Surname	competition	Results
Sarah Bainbridge	Class up to 67 kg	1st round: 6-7 defeat against Charmie Sobers from the Netherlands
Sarah Stevenson	Class over 67 kg	1st round: 8: 8 defeat (SUP) against Adriana Carmona from Venezuela
Craig Brown	Class up to 80 kg	1st round: 6-12 defeat against Daniel Trenton from Australia
Paul Green	Class up to 58 kg	1st round: 6-5 win against Satriyo Rahadhani from Indonesia Quarterfinals: 2-4 loss against Nguyễn Quốc Huân from Vietnam

tennis

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Tennis

Surname	competition	Result
Tim Henman	singles	1st round: 3: 6/3: 6 defeat against Jiří Novák from the Czech Republic

Triathlon

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Triathlon

Surname	competition	Results 1.5 km swimming / 40 km cycling / 10 km running
Michelle Dillon	singles	S: 20:37 min / R: 1:09:50 h / L: 35:33 min. / total: 2:06:00 am, 6th place
Julie Dibens	singles	S: 19:21 min / R: 1:11:08 h / L: 41:17 min / total: 2: 11: 46.01 h, place 30
Jodie Swallow	singles	S: 18:58 min / R: 1:14:05 h / L: 42:03 min / total: 2:15: 06.78 h, place 34
Andrew Johns	singles	S: 18:11 min / R: 1:00:53 h / L: 35:11 min / total: 1: 54: 15.87 h, 16th place
Tim Don	singles	S: 18:07 min / R: 1:01:40 h / L: 34:55 min / total: 1: 54: 42.13 h, 18th place
Marc Jenkins	singles	S: 18:15 min / R: 1:08:51 h / L: 38:27 min / total: 2:05: 33.60 h, place 45

do gymnastics

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / gymnastics

Surname	Women's competitions	Results
Katy Lennon	Jump uneven bars balance beam floor single all-around	09.262 points, 11th place 08.987 points, 13th place 08.200 points, 34th place 08.925 points, 30th place 35.374 points, 21st place
Beth Tweddle	Jump uneven bars balance beam floor single all-around	08,987 points, place 21 09,562 points, place 08 07,800 points, place 24 09,412 points, place 11 35.761 points, position 19
Cherrelle Fennell , Vanessa Hobbs , Katy Lennon, Elizabeth Line , Beth Tweddle & Nicola Willis	Jump uneven bars balance beam floor team all-around	036.724 points, place 11 036.449 points, place 12 035.937 points, place 09 036.687 points, place 10 145.797 points Platz 11

Rhythmic sports gymnastics

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Rhythmic Gymnastics

Surname	competition	Results hoop / ball / clubs / ribbon
Hannah McKibbin	singles	R: 20,675 points / B: 20,800 points / K: 19,600 points / B: 21,225 points total: 82,300 points, 21st place

Trampoline exercise

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Trampoline gymnastics

Surname	competition	Results
Kirsten Lawton	singles	Qualification, 1st round: 9.0 / 9.1 / 9.3 / 9.2 / 9.3 points Qualification, 2nd round: 6.9 / 7.0 / 6.8 / 6.9 / 7, 0 points, difficulty 11.8 points did not qualify for the final; 12th place
Gary Smith	singles	Qualification, 1st round: 9.1 / 9.1 / 9.1 / 8.9 / 9.0 points Qualification, 2nd round: 8.1 / 8.2 / 8.1 / 7.9 / 8, 0 points, difficulty 15.8 points final: 8.1 / 7.9 / 8.0 / 7.8 / 8.2 points, difficulty 16.0 points total: 40.00 points, 7th place

Diving

→ Main article : 2004 Summer Olympics / Diving

Name / s	competition	Results
Tracey Richardson	Jump 3 m	Preliminary fight: 209.34 points, not qualified for the semi-finals, 28th place
Jane Smith	Jump 3 m	Preliminary fight: 282.90 points, 14th place semi-finals: 483.75 points, not qualified for the final, 15th place
Tony Ally	Jump 3 m	Preliminary fight: 401.52 points, 16th place, semi-finals: 617.13 points, not qualified for the final, 15th place
Mark Shipman	Jump 3 m	Preliminary fight: 396.90 points, 18th place, semifinals: 599.88 points, not qualified for the final, 18th place
Leon Taylor	Diving 10 m	Pre-match: 433.38 points, 11th place semi-finals: 628.47 points, 9th place final: 663.12 points, 6th place
Peter Waterfield	Diving 10 m	Pre-match: 474.03 points, 4th place semi-finals: 654.54 points, 6th place final: 669.24 points, 5th place
Tandi Gerrard & Jane Smith	Synchronized jumping 3 m	Final: 302.25 points, 4th place
Tony Ally & Mark Shipman	Synchronized jumping 3 m	Final: 334.98 points, 5th place
Leon Taylo & Peter Waterfield	Synchronized jumping 10 m	Final: 371.52 points, 2nd place

Web links

• British Olympic Association ;
• and their Team GB pages
• BBC Olympics news and coverage

Individual evidence

1. ^ Ian Lawson at www.sports-reference.com