Loitz

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Loitz
Loitz
Map of Germany, position of the city of Loitz highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 58 '  N , 13 ° 8'  E

Basic data
State : Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County : Vorpommern-Greifswald
Office : Peene Valley / Loitz
Height : 6 m above sea level NHN
Area : 89.54 km 2
Residents: 4264 (December 31, 2019)
Population density : 48 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 17121
Area code : 039998
License plate : VG, ANK, GW, PW, SBG, UEM, WLG
Community key : 13 0 75 082
City structure: 13 districts

City administration address : 		Lange Strasse 83
17121 Loitz
Website : www.loitz.de
Mayoress : Christin Witt ( CDU )
Location of the town of Loitz in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district
Brandenburg Landkreis Mecklenburgische Seenplatte Landkreis Vorpommern-Rügen Landkreis Vorpommern-Rügen Landkreis Vorpommern-Rügen Landkreis Vorpommern-Rügen Buggenhagen Krummin Lassan Wolgast Wolgast Zemitz Ahlbeck (bei Ueckermünde) Altwarp Eggesin Grambin Hintersee (Vorpommern) Leopoldshagen Liepgarten Luckow Luckow Lübs (Vorpommern) Meiersberg Mönkebude Vogelsang-Warsin Bargischow Bargischow Blesewitz Boldekow Bugewitz Butzow Ducherow Iven Krien Krusenfelde Neetzow-Liepen Medow Neetzow-Liepen Neu Kosenow Neuenkirchen (bei Anklam) Postlow Rossin Sarnow Spantekow Stolpe an der Peene Alt Tellin Bentzin Daberkow Jarmen Kruckow Tutow Völschow Behrenhoff Dargelin Dersekow Hinrichshagen (Vorpommern) Levenhagen Mesekenhagen Neuenkirchen (bei Greifswald) Weitenhagen Bergholz Blankensee (Vorpommern) Boock (Vorpommern) Glasow (Vorpommern) Grambow (Vorpommern) Löcknitz Nadrensee Krackow Penkun Plöwen Ramin Rossow Rothenklempenow Brünzow Hanshagen Katzow Kemnitz (bei Greifswald) Kröslin Kröslin Loissin Lubmin Neu Boltenhagen Rubenow Wusterhusen Görmin Loitz Sassen-Trantow Altwigshagen Ferdinandshof Hammer a. d. Uecker Heinrichswalde Rothemühl Torgelow Torgelow Torgelow Wilhelmsburg (Vorpommern) Jatznick Brietzig Damerow (Rollwitz) Fahrenwalde Groß Luckow Jatznick Jatznick Koblentz Krugsdorf Nieden Papendorf (Vorpommern) Polzow Rollwitz Schönwalde (Vorpommern) Viereck (Vorpommern) Zerrenthin Züsedom Karlshagen Mölschow Peenemünde Trassenheide Benz (Usedom) Dargen Garz (Usedom) Kamminke Korswandt Koserow Loddin Mellenthin Pudagla Rankwitz Stolpe auf Usedom Ückeritz Usedom (Stadt) Zempin Zirchow Bandelin Gribow Groß Kiesow Groß Polzin Gützkow Gützkow Karlsburg Klein Bünzow Murchin Rubkow Schmatzin Wrangelsburg Ziethen (bei Anklam) Züssow Heringsdorf Pasewalk Strasburg (Uckermark) Ueckermünde Wackerow Greifswald Greifswald Polenmap
About this picture

Loitz [ løːts ] is a country town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). It is the seat of the Peenetal / Loitz office , to which two other communities belong.

Port storage facility, landmark on the Peene River

geography

Geographical location

Loitz is located in the western part of Western Pomerania on the Peene and its flat fen landscape. East of the city, the valley of the swing flows into the glacial valley of the Ibitzgraben, which then flows into the Peene further south-east of the city. The forest area Drosedower Wald is located near the district of Drosedow . The Kronwald nature reserve is also located here .

Surrounding cities are Demmin , Greifswald , Jarmen and Grimmen .

City structure

Loitz consists of the following districts:

  • Drosedow
  • Duvier
  • Gülzowshof
  • Loitz
  • Nielitz
  • Rustow
  • Swing arm
  • Sophienhof
  • Front leg
  • Desert fields
  • Zarnekla
  • Zeitlow

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (clockwise): Süderholz , Sassen-Trantow , Bentzin , Tutow , Kletzin , City of Demmin , Nossendorf and Glewitz .

history

Surname

Since 1170 the name of the landscape is called Losice . The name changed constantly in Lositz (1171 and 1193), Locisse (1194), Losiz (1197), Lozitz (1314). The castle and settlement were called Lositz from 1236 , 1248 Losiz , 1275 Loseze , 1294 Losiz and then shortened to 1331 Loytze and 1332 Loitze . This is based on the old Polish place name * Losica , which was formed with the noun * los "Elch". Loitz can therefore be reproduced with the location of the elk . In Polish the name is Łozice .

middle Ages

Slavic boardwalk

A first settlement of the Slavic Lutizen in today's port area was archaeologically proven for the 10th century. No Slavic pre-settlements have been found in today's old town, but in October 2011 a Slavic boardwalk was uncovered during the construction work on the new bridge access. The later Land Loitz belonged to the Lutizenbund's sphere of influence until the 12th century. In the second quarter of the 12th century, the Pomeranian Duke Wartislaw I conquered the area. After 1187 the area belonged to the Principality of Rügen , but soon came back to Pomerania . In 1236, Bishop Brunward von Schwerin gave Prince Johann von Mecklenburg half a tithe from the countries of Lusyz (Loitz) and Gützkow. 1242 is the first documentary mention of the city with the award of the Luebian city charter ( civitas ) by the knight Detlef von Gadebusch . He tried to establish an independent rule in the border area between the Duchy of Pomerania, the Principality of Rügen and Mecklenburg . In the contract between the Eldena monastery and Detlef's son Werner von Loitz, Werner returned the villages of Subzow, Pansow and Griebenow that had been taken from the monastery . But the family died out again with his sons around 1270 and the Land of Loitz first fell to the Principality of Rügen and finally to the Duchy of Pomerania. In 1292, Prince of Rügen Wizlaw II granted the Demminers duty-free in Loitz.

The Loitz town church of St. Marien is first mentioned in 1299 . The Loitz Castle was first mentioned in a document in 1314 . The already well-fortified “slot” or “hus loitz” withstood attacks and, like the city, played a role in the War of the Rügen Succession , in which Pomerania ultimately remained victorious against Mecklenburg. Barnim III. moved to Loitz with a relief army during the Second War of the Rügen Succession and defeated the Mecklenburgers in the Battle of Schoppendamm in 1351 . Since then, the city has belonged to the Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast as the seat of a bailiwick .

From 1480 to around 1486 Bernd von Moltzan , also known as the bad Bernd , was Voigt of the state of Loitz. During this time the castle was the seat of ducal bailiffs and governors, although there were frequent pledges in the 14th and 15th centuries. Numerous market privileges from the 16th century speak for good economic development as a local trade and handicraft center for the surrounding rural area. The city had around 500 inhabitants at that time. The bailiff Henning Kaskow, who was in office between around 1530 and 1540, was both mayor of Loitz and landowner of the village of Bilow, today Wüstenbilow, north of Loitz near Poggendorf.

16th to 18th century

Loitz around 1615
Loitz around 1759. The map is south. H. up is south.
St. Mary's Church

Since the middle of the 16th century, the Loitz Castle was expanded into a stately renaissance complex, as evidenced by the cityscapes of the early 17th century ( Stralsund illuminated manuscript , Lubin map of Pomerania, Merian's topography of Pomerania and Brandenburg). From 1593 to 1631, Sophia Hedwig , the widow of Duke Ernst Ludwig lived in Loitz because she had received Loitz Castle and Office as Leibgedinge ( Wittum ).

In 1638, after the death of the last Pomeranian duke , Sweden confiscated all sovereign property, including the Loitz office, and gave them to the Swedish military. The office of Loitz was given to the Swedish general Axel Lillie , who was temporarily also governor of the Western Pomeranian part of Pomerania. In 1654 he had to return the office to the Swedish crown, which in the same year gave it to the abdicated Queen Christina . Only after their death in 1689 came the office again under direct sovereign administration. From 1648 to 1815 Loitz, like large parts of Western Pomerania, was under Swedish administration. The devastating wars of the 17th and 18th centuries caused severe damage to the city. Numerous plots of land were in desolation, as the tax registers of that time show, and the number of inhabitants fell. The remaining inhabitants became impoverished. In a big fire in 1701, the last remains of the castle were destroyed. In 1758 Prussian troops bombarded the city during the Seven Years' War . The Swedes capitulated, and the Prussians withdrew after having satisfied their demands for money.

Only in the second half of the 18th century did Loitz recover from these catastrophes. In 1762 Loitz had 1015 inhabitants. From 1785 to 1787, today's town hall was built. In 1800 the Swedish King Gustav IV Adolf visited the city, which in 1815 - after the Congress of Vienna - fell with Western Pomerania to Prussia and belonged to the administrative district of Stralsund .

19th century and early days

Neo-Gothic church in Gülzowshof

As early as 1818, the city lost the district office of the newly formed district to the more centrally located Grimmen, so that the district was henceforth called the Grimmer District. The Swede Jacob Berggren, who traveled through in 1819, called Loitz “a small, unfriendly and dirty town”. The city expanded to the north and west from the 19th century. In 1833 Friedrich Lippert built the Loitzer Glassworks as the first industrial settlement. In 1836 Loitz received a new city constitution according to the Prussian city order. In 1837 the school had eight classes. The headmaster became a secular rector in place of a clergyman. The revolution of 1848 brought about changes in Loitz as well.

Industrial companies began to settle in Loitz in the middle of the 19th century (1833 glassworks, 1848 mill construction, 1862 lime distillery, 1888 starch factory, 1925 dowel factory). In 1875 Loitz had 3941 inhabitants. In 1887 the new school with 16 to 17 classes was inaugurated. In 1887 the volunteer fire brigade was formed. The Stadtsparkasse was founded in 1898. In 1906 the gas works was built, which was in operation until 1925.

In 1906 the city received a connection to the Berlin-Neustrelitz-Stralsund railway line with the Toitz-Rustow-Loitz line to the Loitzer Hafen . During the construction of the embankment and the station building at the harbor, the remains of the castle hill were removed. Under Mayor Wilhelm Dahlhoff (1923–1933) the city profited from the settlement of large estates in the area, such as Gut Rustow. In 1926 a large sports field was laid out.

Recent history

In the time of National Socialism , shortly after the beginning of the war in 1940, a barrack camp for prisoners of war and forced laborers was built. Since then, the site has been called Barackenplatz , and since 1990 Kiewitt . An unknown number of women and men from several countries occupied by Germany had to do forced labor in and around the village. Around 100 men, women and children who died of illness, hunger, abuse and occupational accidents were buried in the Sankt-Marien-Friedhof between 1942 and 1945. At the end of the Second World War , Mayor Groch ( NSDAP ) called on the population to persevere on April 29, 1945 , and a little later he fled Loitz. Tank barriers were still erected at the entrance to the town, but the town was spared massive destruction thanks to the work of the Loitz superintendent Karl Winter and was finally occupied by the Red Army .

New Peene Bridge , inaugurated in 2012

In 1948 the dowel factory was reopened. Although the communal independence in the GDR was almost completely suppressed, the city of Loitz retained its own profile, in particular through the commitment of Mayor Richard Wenzel. In 1968/69 the park stage in Gülzowpark was built. The construction of a new school on Sandfeldstrasse took place in 1974. In 1980 a second building and a gymnasium were added. In 1975 the Loitz community association was founded, consisting of the communities Sassen, Trantow, Vorbein, Düvier, Görmin and the city of Loitz. Between 1945 and 1990, the buildings in the city center fell into disrepair.

On October 25, 1989, prayers for peace were also held in Loitz. After 1991 a systematic improvement of the infrastructure and a renovation of the historic city center and the town hall began as part of the urban development subsidy . The starch factory closed in 1998. In 2002 the new multi-purpose hall was inaugurated. In 2006, the Loitz harbor and sport boat marina, a warehouse and the station building were largely completed and inaugurated in 2008. The new Peene Bridge has been in operation since 2012 as a replacement for the previous swing bridge.

From 1952 to 1994 Loitz belonged to the Demmin district (until 1990 in the GDR district of Neubrandenburg , 1990–1994 in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ), then to the Demmin district . Since the district reform in 2011 , the city has been in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district .

History of the districts

Duvier

The previous building of a chapel was replaced by a new octagonal building in 1819/20.

Gülzowshof

An earlier church was looted and devastated during the Thirty Years War. In 1694 the church tower collapsed. The neo-Gothic brick church was built from 1841 to 1900; Organ and church stalls come from the previous building.

The Gülzowshof estate was last owned by the Hans von Bonin family , a Prussian lieutenant general, until 1945 . At the manor house, a two-storey, unrenovated plastered building from the mid-18th century with two wing structures, the facade decoration was removed during the GDR era.

Rustow

Rustow was first mentioned in 1242 in a document on the occasion of the award of town charter to Loitz. The Pomeranian Duke Barnim I confirmed the ownership of Rustow to the city of Demmin 50 years later. The village was then owned by the city until the Thirty Years War . Due to financial worries, the city sold Rustow in 1652 to the steward of the Swedish garrison in Demmin Palmenhelm. Until 1695 the village with the estate changed hands several times, until in 1724 it became the property of the von Baerenvels family for 250 years .

In 1697 the estate had 22 subjects and four farmers. All 19 buildings in the village were built between 1724 and 1762. In 1784 the chapel belonging to the manor house was completely dilapidated, so that in 1790 Herr von Baerenfels had a new chapel built according to a design by the architect Johann Gottfried Quistorp . She received a family tomb in the cellar. At the end of the 1870s, the existing manor house was badly damaged by a major fire. As a result, the Rustow manor house was rebuilt in the classical style with seven axes and an elaborate portal in 1808 . During the Wars of Independence , eight half-timbered cottages for 20 families belonged to Gut Rustow . At that time the Swedish Crown Prince and his staff were quartered in the Rustow manor.
The estate included a forge, a tobacco barn, a large barn, four smaller and two larger stables. The inspector lived in the farm house.

In 1854 the Grönlund von Rügen family leased the estate. The Schmidt family bought the Rustow estate in 1856 and owned the estate for 73 years. In the Great Depression in 1929 the estate went bankrupt again, the city of Loitz bought the estate for 640,000 Reichsmarks and relocated it to 30 farmers and 39 small day laborers' properties. Most of them came from Württemberg (14 families) and the Münsterland (7 families). Craftsmen were also settled, so that the manor village became a village for farmers and workers. The Schmidt family remained in possession of the manor house, the park and the chapel. In 1936 the cemetery and chapel were given to the parish of Loitz. In 1938 half of the palace was rented to the Reich Labor Service. Organization Todt (OT) was housed in the castle until mid-April 1945.

On April 28, 1945, the Red Army moved into Rustow. After 1945 refugees were housed in the house, later it became an orphanage, an auxiliary school and in 1980 a children's home.

In 2001/03 the manor house Rustow underwent a comprehensive renovation.

Incorporations

Vorbein has been part of Loitz since January 1st, 1992. Wüstenfelde was incorporated on June 14, 2004, and Düvier on July 1, 2012.

Population development

year Residents
1990 4932
1995 4703
2000 4513
2005 4586
2010 4204
year Residents
2015 4420
2016 4334
2017 4276
2018 4281
2019 4264

politics

City council

The town council of Loitz consists of 15 members. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result:

town hall
Party / list Share of votes Seats
CDU 43.4% 7th
Independent Loitzer (UL) 29.6% 4th
THE LEFT 13.1% 2
AfD 09.5% 1
Individual applicant Lutz Simanowski 03.3% 1

mayor

  • 2010–2018: Michael Sack (CDU)
  • since 2018: Christin Witt (CDU)

Sack was re-elected mayor in April 2017 with 94.1% of the valid votes. Since he became district administrator of the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in October 2018 , another mayoral election was necessary. Christin Witt was elected as his successor for a term of seven years on November 4, 2018 with 75% of the valid votes.

coat of arms

Loitz coat of arms
 Blazon : "In red five silver stars in stacks between two golden clubs, on the right side a fallen left-hand side and on the left side a fallen black eagle wing."

The coat of arms was redrawn in 1994 and registered under number 22 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Reasons for the coat of arms: Based on an older city seal, the eagle wings, borrowed from the coat of arms of the Lords of Gadebusch-Loitz, remind of the city's founder and lord, the clubs as a symbol of jurisdiction remind of the medieval place of jurisdiction. The origin of the stars cannot be clearly proven. According to old belief, they are supposed to mean luck and fame.

flag

The city does not have an officially approved flag .

Official seal

The official seal shows the city coat of arms with the inscription "STADT LOITZ".

Partner municipalities

Attractions

  • Historic old town with street network from the second half of the 13th century and town houses from different centuries
  • City church St. Marien , the core from the 12th and 13th centuries, changed profoundly in the 17th and 19th centuries
  • Luther Church , chapel of the former Georgen Hospital, rebuilt in 1619, since 1953 under the current name
  • Adolf Diesterweg School from around 1887
  • Town hall from 1787 in baroque style with central risalit and mansard roof , renovated in 1995
  • Remains of the city fortifications with the stone gate from the 14th century, consisting of bricks with a field stone base, the gate was destroyed by fire in 1701
  • Kampfriedhof and Marienfriedhof
  • Small warehouse at Mühlenstrasse 108 and large warehouse at the harbor
  • Tucholski ballroom
  • Rustow:
    • Classicist , two-story mansion from 1808
    • Rustow Chapel
  • Front leg:
    • chapel
    • Farming village ensemble from the 19th and early 20th centuries
  • Rustow and Schwinge: Examples of estate settlements from the first half of the 20th century

  • Marina with a former small train station

  • Medieval stone gate

  • Gülzow Park, monument 1870/71

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

  • Loitz-Walkmühle business park with an area of ​​250,000 m²
  • Power supply: Stadtwerke Loitz GmbH
  • Water, sewage: Stadtwerke Loitz GmbH
  • Natural gas: OMG Neubrandenburg, Dargun branch

traffic

Loitz is on the B 194 federal road between Grimmen and Demmin and on the L 261 state road to Greifswald . The B 194 ran through the Loitz inner city area until autumn 2010. On October 12, 2010, the new bypass was opened to traffic. The closest motorway junction is Grimmen-Ost (around 15 km away) on the A 20 Baltic Sea motorway .

Loitz has no rail connection. The nearest train station is Demmin on the Berlin – Stralsund line . Loitz station was the end of the Toitz-Rustow – Loitz railway line . Passenger traffic ended in 1969, freight traffic in 1997; the line has been closed since 2003 .

Bus route 303 (Demmin – Greifswald), operated by Verkehrsgesellschaft Vorpommern-Greifswald (VVG), runs through the city. Other VVG bus lines connect Loitz with the surrounding villages.

A newly built leisure harbor has been located on the Peene since 2006, incorporating the city's old, completely restored train station into the usage concept of the marina. Until 2010 there was a two-legged swing bridge in Loitz . It was replaced in September 2012 after several years of construction by a new bascule bridge called the Peene Bridge Loitz .

Sports

Handball club HSV Peenetal Loitz

Loitz is a center of water sports. The marina for sports boats has been located on the Peene since 2006 .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with Loitz

literature

Web links

Commons : Loitz  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Loitz  - travel guide
Wikisource: Loytz in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Main statute of the city of Loitz, § 12
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Werner Mühlmer: The names of cities in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2002, ISBN 3-935319-23-1 .
  4. ^ Jacob Berggren: Reisen in Europa und im Morgenlande (German translation), 1st part, Leipzig, Darmstadt 1826, p. 4.
  5. ↑ www.gutshaus-rustow.de
  6. ↑ Places in MV: Rustow ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.orte-in-mv.de
  7. ↑ The history of the Rustow settlement. Retrieved November 8, 2014 .
  8. ^ Hubertus Neuschäffer: Western Pomerania's castles and mansions . Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993, ISBN 3-88042-636-8 , p. 170.
  9. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  10. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2004
  11. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
  12. ↑ The new mayor of Loitz on politik-mv.de.
  13. ↑ Main statute of the city of Loitz, § 9
  14. ↑ CDU woman Christin Witt wins elections in Loitz. In: Nordkurier , November 4, 2018.
  15. ↑ Hans-Heinz Schütt: On shield and flag production office TINUS, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-0-0 , p. 286.
  16. ↑ a b main statute § 1 (PDF).
  17. ↑ Entry about the twin cities on the homepage of the city of Loitz.Retrieved on April 7, 2019, 10:13 pm