Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the district of Neustadt adAisch-Bad Windsheim Map of Germany, position of the district of Neustadt adAisch-Bad Windsheim highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 34 '  N , 10 ° 28'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Middle Franconia
Administrative headquarters : Neustadt an der Aisch
Area : 1,267.56 km 2
Residents: 101,014 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 80 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : NEA, SEF, UFF
Circle key : 09 5 75
NUTS : DE25A
Circle structure: 38 parishes
Address of the
district administration: 		Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse 1
91413 Neustadt adAisch
Website : www.kreis-nea.de
District Administrator : Helmut Weiß ( CSU )
Location of the district of Neustadt adAisch-Bad Windsheim in Bavaria
Weiden in der Oberpfalz Straubing Würzburg Schwabach Schweinfurt Regensburg Rosenheim Nürnberg Nürnberg Passau Landshut Memmingen Kaufbeuren Kempten (Allgäu) Ingolstadt Fürth Hof Erlangen Coburg Bayreuth Bamberg Augsburg München Aschaffenburg Amberg Ansbach Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau Landkreis Unterallgäu Landkreis Traunstein Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Straubing-Bogen Landkreis Starnberg Landkreis Schweinfurt Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Rottal-Inn Landkreis Roth Landkreis Rosenheim Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Landkreis Regen Landkreis Passau Landkreis Ostallgäu Landkreis Oberallgäu Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Neu-Ulm Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen Landkreis München Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn Landkreis Miltenberg Landkreis Miesbach Landkreis Main-Spessart Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee) Landkreis Lichtenfels Landkreis Landshut Landkreis Landsberg am Lech Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Kronach Landkreis Kitzingen Landkreis Kelheim Landkreis Hof Landkreis Haßberge Landkreis Günzburg Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau Landkreis Freising Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Erding Landkreis Eichstätt Landkreis Ebersberg Landkreis Donau-Ries Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau Landkreis Deggendorf Landkreis Dachau Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Cham Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen Landkreis Bad Kissingen Landkreis Augsburg Landkreis Aschaffenburg Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Landkreis Altötting Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg Bodensee Schweiz Österreich Baden-Württemberg Hessen Tschechien Sachsen Thüringenmap
About this picture
Taschendorf market in the Steigerwald
St. Michael near Kaubenheim

The district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim (officially the district of Neustadt ad Aisch-Bad Windsheim ) is located in the northwest of the Bavarian administrative district of Middle Franconia . The district is a member of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region .

geography

location

The district is located in the Franconian layered stepland on the border between the Steigerwald in the north and the Frankenhöhe Nature Park in the south. The Aisch , a tributary of the Regnitz, has its source near Bad Windsheim . The Altmühl spring can be found near Burgbernheim .

Neighboring areas

The district borders clockwise to the west, starting with the districts of Würzburg , Kitzingen , Bamberg , Erlangen-Höchstadt , Fürth and Ansbach (all in Bavaria) and the Main-Tauber district (in Baden-Württemberg ).

geology

The Neustadt ad Aisch area is part of the “Franconian layered stepland”, which is made up of sedimentary rocks from the Middle Keuper. The Keuper is the uppermost group of the Germanic Triassic ; the rocks are around 210–230 million years old. The Middle Keuper is divided into the two sections of Gypsum and Sandstone Keuper. The layers of gypsum keuper were deposited in a lagoon or marshy coastal landscape. The two oldest layer packages are the clayey layers of the Grabfeld Formation (formerly: Myophoria and Estheria layers), which are superficial in the western city area near Diebach. The sedimentary rocks of the Stuttgart Formation (formerly: reed sandstone) and the Steigerwald Formation (formerly: Lehrbergschichten) also belong to the gypsum keuper, lying above the layers described above . The Stuttgart formation in the Neustadt area is made up of 44 m thick sandstone with clay layers. The Steigerwald formation consists of red-brown clay stones, as can be seen on the wall of the former brickworks behind the Neustadt train station. The sandstone keuper consists - as the name suggests - for the most part of sandstones, some of which are temporarily stored in thin layers of clay ("Letten"). According to their appearance and the subdivision by the Lettenlagen, the layer packages Hassberge Formation (formerly: Blasensandstein, Coburg Sandstone), Mainhardt Formation (formerly: Lower Burgsandstein) and Löwenstein Formation (formerly: Middle and Upper Burgsandstein) are distinguished from bottom to top . The sediments were deposited in a coastal area. In the southern and eastern urban area, the rocks of the sandstone keuper form the layers closest to the surface. The shift packages are tilted to the east in the area north of the Aisch (see profile drawing), while in the area south of the Aisch they fall to the north-northeast. The only known tectonic fault is the Herrnneuses fault in the southernmost part of the urban area near Herrnneuses.

history

Since the last century BC The area around Neustadt was settled by Germanic tribes. Franconian settlers, who came to Aischgrund from Rheingau and Wormsgau around 625 , established the town of Riedfeld under the Merovingian Dagobert II in the same century , which later became a royal court and is now part of Neustadt. The Merovingian leaders of the settlers had connections to their bishopric in Worms until the 8th century. The royal court in Riedfeld became a center of this settlement in the Aisch valley. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the burgraves of Nuremberg and the Hohenzollern family ruled the Aischgrund. The Reformation took place in the region between 1520 and 1598 . In Bundesständischen war suffered by 1553 mainly Neustadt, Emskirchen, Birkenfeld, Schauerheum, Dottenheim and Altheim. The castle Hohenlandenberg was a ruin. In 1562 the region was hit by the plague . Further plague epidemics occurred in 1565 and 1609 as well as in 1686/1687. The stud farms that were established in the 16th century , for example in Rößleinsdorf, Birkenfeld, Neustadt and Ipsheim, were primarily used until the beginning of the 19th century to supply the margraves' court and official service with riding and draft horses. Many places in the region suffered from the Thirty Years' War , especially from October 1621, from marauding mercenary associations. On October 20, 1631 Gustav Adolf of Sweden visited the city and lived in the house of Joh. Christ. Roth before returning to Würzburg, which he had conquered a few days earlier.

Regional courts

Before 1800 the area of ​​today's district belonged mainly to the Principality of Ansbach . In 1810 the area came to Bavaria. In 1812 the district courts of Neustadt , Markt Erlbach , Markt Bibart and Windsheim were established. The Uffenheim Regional Court was established as early as 1808 . They all belonged to the Rezatkreis , which was renamed Middle Franconia in 1838 . In 1852 the Scheinfeld district court was formed from the previous rulership courts of Schwarzenberg and Burghaslach .

District Offices

In 1862 the Neustadt and Markt Erlbach district courts were formed into the Neustadt district office, the Scheinfeld district office from the Scheinfeld and Markt Bibart district courts, and the Windsheim district office from the Uffenheim and Windsheim district courts.

Counties

After individual events of the National Socialist German Workers' Party had already taken place in the area around Neustadt and the neighboring districts of Scheinfeld and Uffenheim since 1923 (also in the year 1924 when the NSDAP was banned, in particular by the teacher Hans Hertlein and his former student and farmer Fritz Raab, who was recruited by him as party members from Dettendorf, who also appeared as a propaganda speaker in the Neustadt area up to 1942), from 1928 to 1934 in and around Neustadt an der Aisch in and around Neustadt an der Aisch, a propaganda planned by the NSDAP led to a wave of events, which were mainly organized by teachers from Birnbaum, Dettendorf, Neustadt (e.g. Heinrich Riedel and Fritz Schöller), Wilhermsdorf, Schornweisach, Unterstesselbach (Erich Walz) and Oberhöchstädt and at which nationally known speakers such as the Schornweisach teacher Otto Roth ( District Leader Neustadt from June 29, 1928), Hermann Esse r , Wilhelm Holzwarth , Fritz Seyboth (then still Vicar of Rosenheim), Hans Hertlein, the trade teacher and Oberlandführer Ludwig Schmuck , Albert Forster , Theo Benesch and the Gauleiter Otto Hellmuth were involved. In the district elections in 1928, the NSDAP became the second strongest party after the German Nationalists (the candidates were the Neustädter Andreas Schildknecht and Fritz Erlwein as well as Ludwig Hegendörfer from Markt Erlbach, Kreß from Ebersbach and Klenk from Gutenstetten).

The year 1932 was celebrated in memory of the Thirty Years War (when the Protestant Gustav Adolf was in Franconia) as the Year of Sweden , and commemorations were held in the Neustadt district, in Neustadt itself, Markt Erlbach, Wilhermsdorf and Uehlfeld as part of the “Heimattage”. However, a ban on open-air meetings and elevators issued by the Reich Minister of the Interior due to riots in July 1932 was ignored by the National Socialists. The opponents of the National Socialists and Hitler's in the district included Protestant pastors such as Georg Holzberger in Schauerheim , Ludwig Fischer in Herrnneuses and Karl-Heinz Becker from Ezelheim (at that time the Scheinfeld district ), who actively counteracted them . On January 1, 1939, the designation district was introduced as everywhere else in the German Reich . The district offices became the districts of Neustadt adAisch, Scheinfeld and Uffenheim.

Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district

As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , a new district of Neustadt an der Aisch was formed on July 1, 1972 from the following components :

On May 1, 1973, the new district received its current double name, Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district .

On January 1, 1978 the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim was enlarged to include the municipality of Bullenheim in the district of Kitzingen, which was incorporated into Ippesheim . On the same day, the community of Gleißenberg moved from the Erlangen-Höchstadt district to the district and was incorporated into Burghaslach .

Population development

From 1988 to 2008 the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim grew by around 12,600 inhabitants or around 15%. Since 2005 the trend towards a high of approx. 100,000 inhabitants. In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population of the district rose from 85,885 to 100,364 by 14,479 inhabitants or 16.9%.

The following figures refer to the territorial status on May 25, 1987.

Population development
year 1840 1900 1939 1950 1961 1970 1987 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Residents 73,736 70.060 70,488 102,484 86,771 86,868 85,686 90,591 95,063 98,671 99,979 97,558 98,751

politics

District administrators

  • 1946–1948: Albrecht Hoefer ( FDP )
  • 1948–1958: Heinrich Sperber ( CSU )
  • 1958–1977: Konrad Frühwald jr. ( FWG )
  • 1977–1995: Robert Pfeifer (CSU)
  • 1995–2002: Adolf Schilling (CSU)
  • 2002–2014: Walter Schneider (FWG / UWG)
  • since May 2014: Helmut Weiß (CSU)

District council

District election 2020
Turnout: 65.7% (2014: 66.2%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
38.7%
15.9%
13.5%
13.0%
7.2%
4.1%
2.7%
2.2%
1.5%
1.2%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
+1.0  % p
-2.9  % p
+ 3.8  % p.p.
-6.1  % p
-1.0  % p
-0.9  % p
+ 2.7  % p.p.
+ 2.2  % p
+1.5  % p
-0.3  % p
CSU SPD FWG UWG GREEN FDP ödp AfD left We total
2008 22nd 10 14th 5 5 2 2 - - - 60
2014 23 11 11 5 6th 1 3 - - - 60
2020 23 8th 10 4th 8th 1 2 1 1 2 60

(Status: local election on March 15, 2020 )

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim
 Blazon : “Split over a shield base split seven times by silver and blue; in front in gold a red-tongued brackish head square in silver and black, behind in silver a half, red-armed black eagle at the gap. "
Justification of the coat of arms: The brackish head stands for Neustadt an der Aisch, the red armored black eagle is part of the coat of arms of Bad Windsheim.

District partnerships

The district's partner is the Erzgebirgskreis in Saxony .

Economy and Infrastructure

In the Future Atlas 2016 , the district was ranked 136th out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with “future opportunities”.

Important industries

The main branches of the economy are various forms of agriculture. In the fertile Uffenheim Gau , agriculture predominates with a high proportion of sugar beet ; in the eastern district there are many fish ponds that are used to raise the nationally known Aischgründer carp . In the past, pig breeding, the production of brushes from pig bristles and the manufacture of brushes were also important. The only wine-growing regions in Middle Franconia can be found along the Middle Franconian Bocksbeutelstrasse around Bad Windsheim. Important branches of industry are the production of drawing tools , musical instruments and the extraction of mineral water. Bavaria's largest beverage manufacturer, Franken Brunnen , is based in Neustadt / Aisch. Important for tourism are Bad Windheim the only spa town of Central Franconia, the Franconian Open Air Museum Bad Windsheim and Aischgründer Bierstraße (an association of small and medium craft breweries of the district). In the eastern district in particular, there are many commuters to Nuremberg , Erlangen (e.g. to Siemens ) and Herzogenaurach (e.g. to Adidas and INA ).

traffic

Rail transport and local public transport

The Bavarian State Railways opened the two main lines (now double-track electrified) that run through the district in quick succession:

These two main lines are connected by a branch line, namely the Neustadt (Aisch) –Steinach near Rothenburg railway line , which was initially built from Neustadt to Bad Windsheim in 1876 and continued to Steinach in the far west of the district in 1898. In Steinach, a connection to Rothenburg ob der Tauber was set up in 1873 , which was extended to Dombühl in 1905 and shortened to Rothenburg again in the 1970s (see Steinach near Rothenburg – Dombühl railway ). The town of Markt Erlbach in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim received a rail connection that still exists today with the Zenngrundbahn to Siegelsdorf and thus to the main line from Nuremberg to Würzburg.

In the far north, the Strullendorf – Schlüsselfeld railway (Obere Steigerwaldbahn) runs through the district near Burghaslach , on which only goods are transported to and from Schlüsselfeld . From 1904, from today's district town Neustadt, another local railway line opened up the Aischgrund to Demantsfürth-Uehlfeld. This so-called Aisch Valley Railway was finally shut down in the mid-1990s. The rails were dismantled and the trains were replaced by buses from Neustädter Bahnhof to Uehlfeld and back. The Aisch Valley Cycle Path now runs along parts of the old route . The passenger train network in the district area of ​​117 km in length has only been reduced by 15 km since the respective establishment:

  • 1976: Aisch Valley Railway from Neustadt an der Aisch to Demantsfürth-Uehlfeld
  • 1977: Upper Steigerwaldbahn from Strullendorf via Burghaslach to Schlüsselfeld

The district is connected to the transport association for the greater Nuremberg area (VGN). This includes the main line Nuremberg – Würzburg to Kitzingen, the branch lines from Neustadt to Steinach, from Siegelsdorf to Markt Erlbach and from Steinach to Rothenburg as well as the main line Treuchtlingen – Würzburg to Uffenheim. In addition, numerous VGN bus routes serve the district.

Road traffic

In the west of the district, the federal motorway 7 Würzburg – Ulm runs through the district for 13 km . The Bad Windsheim, Uffenheim-Langensteinach and Gollhofen junctions are located in the district. The most important road connection in the district, however, is federal highway 8 from Nuremberg to Würzburg. In addition, the B 13 from Ansbach to Würzburg and the B 470 , which starts at the Bad Windsheim junction of the federal motorway 7 and leads to Forchheim , run through the district . The B 8 and the B 470 meet in Neustadt an der Aisch and run parallel through the urban area. The B 13 and the B 470 cross in the district near Illesheim . The B 286 , which branches off the B 8 in Enzlar and leads to Schweinfurt , also runs for a short stretch in the Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district. In addition, various state roads are of regional importance for road traffic, e.g. B. Direction Ansbach and Erlangen. The federal motorway 3 runs from Würzburg to Nuremberg not through the district but north of it on the immediate edge of the district and thus within direct reach . The next junction from the district is Schlüsselfeld.

air traffic

Neustadt has the Neustadt / Aisch airfield (EDQN) for motor and glider flights. The paved runway is 600 meters long, can be used all year round and is suitable for aircraft and helicopters with a takeoff weight of up to 5700 kg.

Communities

Landkreis Kitzingen Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Bamberg Gerhardshofen Bad Windsheim Baudenbach Burgbernheim Burghaslach Dachsbach Diespeck Dietersheim Emskirchen Ergersheim (Mittelfranken) Gallmersgarten Gollhofen Gutenstetten Hagenbüchach Hemmersheim Illesheim Ippesheim Ipsheim Langenfeld (Mittelfranken) Marktbergel Markt Erlbach Markt Nordheim Markt Taschendorf Münchsteinach Neuhof an der Zenn Neustadt an der Aisch Oberickelsheim Obernzenn Osing (Freimarkung) Simmershofen Sugenheim Trautskirchen Uehlfeld Uffenheim Weigenheim Wilhelmsdorf (Mittelfranken) Scheinfeld OberscheinfeldMunicipalities in NEA.svg
About this picture

(Residents on December 31, 2019)

Cities

  1. Bad Windsheim (12,369)
  2. Burgbernheim (3342)
  3. Neustadt adAisch (13,259)
  4. Scheinfeld (4724)
  5. Uffenheim (6502)

Markets

  1. Baudenbach (1184)
  2. Burghaslach (2583)
  3. Dachsbach (1809)
  4. Emskirchen (6081)
  5. Ippesheim (1098)
  6. Ipsheim (2166)
  7. Bibart Market (1893)
  8. Market Erlbach (5672)
  9. Nordheim Market (1127)
  10. Market Taschendorf (989)
  11. Marktbergel (1584)
  12. Neuhof adZenn (2175)
  13. Obernzenn (2641)
  14. Oberscheinfeld (1132)
  15. Sugenheim (2324)
  16. Uehlfeld (3001)

Other communities

  1. Diespeck (3812)
  2. Dietersheim (2203)
  3. Ergersheim (1043)
  4. Gallmersgarten (800)
  5. Gerhardshofen (2491)
  6. Gollhofen (860)
  7. Gutenstetten (1278)
  8. Hagenbüchach (1524)
  9. Hemmersheim (641)
  10. Illesheim (928)
  11. Langenfeld (1056)
  12. Münchsteinach (1312)
  13. Oberickelsheim (708)
  14. Simmershofen (926)
  15. Trautskirchen (1304)
  16. Weigenheim (956)
  17. Wilhelmsdorf (1517)

Community-free area

  1. Osing (2.74 km²)

Administrative communities

  1. Burgbernheim
    with the member communities Burgbernheim (city), Gallmersgarten, Illesheim and Marktbergel (market)
  2. Diespeck
    with the member communities Baudenbach (Markt), Diespeck, Gutenstetten and Münchsteinach
  3. Hagenbüchach-Wilhelmsdorf
    with the member communities Hagenbüchach and Wilhelmsdorf (seat)
  4. Neuhof an der Zenn
    with the member communities Neuhof an der Zenn (Markt) and Trautskirchen
  5. Scheinfeld
    with the member communities Langenfeld, Markt Bibart (market), Markt Taschendorf (market), Oberscheinfeld (market), Scheinfeld (town) and Sugenheim (market)
  6. Uehlfeld
    with the member communities Dachsbach (Markt), Gerhardshofen and Uehlfeld (Markt)
  7. Uffenheim
    with the member communities Ergersheim, Gollhofen, Hemmersheim, Ippesheim (market), Markt Nordheim (market), Oberickelsheim, Simmershofen, Uffenheim (town) and Weigenheim

Education and leisure

Culture and sights

Stone crosses

There are numerous stone crosses in the district , most of which are also listed as architectural monuments .

Protected areas

In the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim there are seven nature reserves , six landscape protection areas , 31 geotopes and ten designated FFH areas . (As of August 2016)

See also:

License Plate

On August 5, 1974, the district was assigned the NEA , which has been valid since July 1, 1956 for the Neustadt adAisch district. It is still issued today. Since July 10, 2013, the SEF (Scheinfeld) and UFF (Uffenheim) distinguishing marks have been available again due to the license plate liberalization .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Bavarian Geological State Office: Explanations for the Geological Map of Bavaria 1: 500 000 1981.
  3. ↑ a b c Bavarian Geological State Office: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 25000 with explanations, sheet 6429 Neustadt adAisch 1974.
  4. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 70.
  5. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 85 ( The history of the city church ) - online version .
  6. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 14-17.
  7. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 21-24.
  8. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 182-195.
  9. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 196–206, here: p. 206.
  10. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 208, note 7.
  11. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 438 f.
  12. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 226-235.
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 57 ff., 100, 114 f. and 227.
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 80 f., 83, 99 f., 113–116, 177 f. and 233.
  15. ^ Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933. Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016 (= Streiflichter from home history. Special volume 4); ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 , pp. 36-137.
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 158 f.
  17. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 97 .
  18. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of Bavaria into rural districts and independent cities of December 27, 1971
  19. ↑ District election results 2020
  20. ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of the Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on September 5, 2017 .
  21. ↑ erzgebirgskreis.de
  22. ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prognos.com
  23. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 446-448.
  24. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).