Pirna

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Pirna (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 50 ° 57 '  N , 13 ° 56'  E
Basic data
State :	Saxony
County :	Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains
Management Community :	Pirna
Height :	118 m above sea level NHN
Area :	53.06 km 2
Residents:	38,422 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	724 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	01796
Area code :	03501
License plate :	PIR, DW, FTL, SEB
Community key :	14 6 28 270
City structure:	10 districts
City administration address :	Am Markt 1/2 01796 Pirna
Website :	www.pirna.de
Lord Mayor :	Klaus-Peter Hanke ( independent )
Location of the city of Pirna in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district

View from Sonnenstein Castle over the historic old town, St. Mary's Church on the right

Pirna is a large district town and the administrative seat of the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains and the administrative community of Pirna in the Free State of Saxony .

geography

Geographical location

The Elbe emerges from the Elbe Sandstone Mountains in Pirna, on the left in the background the Pirna city bridge

Pirna is at the top of the Elbe valley widening , where the Wesenitz from the north and the Gottleuba from the south flow into the Elbe . It lies at the tectonic junction of the Ore Mountains and the West Sudetes , which widens to the west to the rift valley of the Elbe valley.

Pirna is surrounded in the north by the West Lusatian hills and mountains with the Lusatian Fault and in the south by the foreland of the Eastern Ore Mountains . To the east of Pirna, the Elbe crosses the Elbe Sandstone Mountains in a breakthrough valley that extends into the urban area. Pirna is therefore also called the “gateway to Saxon Switzerland ”. The Saxon Wine Route , inaugurated in 1992, leads from here down the Elbe via Pillnitz , Dresden and Meißen to Diesbar-Seusslitz . The city of Pirna was badly hit by the Elbe floods in August 2002 and June 2013 .

Neighboring communities

Pirna borders the Saxon state capital Dresden in the north . Neighboring communities in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district are Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel (town), Bahretal , Dohma , Dohna (town), Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach , Heidenau (town), Lohmen , Stadt Wehlen (town) and Struppen .

history

Stone age

Flint tools from the late Paleolithic (around 12,000–8,000 BC) at the end of the last Ice Age are the oldest signs of human settlement in this area. Favored by the climatically favorable location and fertile loess soils , arable farmers and cattle breeders lived here in the Neolithic (5500-4000 BC) in the time of the ceramic band and their subsequent cultures. After the withdrawal of Germanic tribes from the Elbe valley, which started here in the 4th century BC. The Slavic Sorbs settled in this area as fishermen and farmers around 600 AD .

Surname

The name Pirna is said to be derived from the Sorbian Perno - na pernem = 'on the hard (stone)'. The interpretation of the name of the pear tree reflected in the city's coat of arms is a later attempt to romanticize. According to a presentation by Ernst Eichler , the current state of research on name interpretation relates to the Slavic form of pirno or pirna . The word pir meant glowing ashes in the Slavic language. Geographically, it could mean a fire clearing site or a sacrificial site with fire.

middle Ages

Engraving by Merian (1650) depicting the urban situation between 1605 and 1639

With the conquest of the Slavic area and the establishment of the Mark Meißen by the East Franconia ( Henry I founded Castle Meißen in 929 ), there is evidence of settlement in the Pirna area as well. Protected by a castle that probably existed as early as the 11th century (and was first mentioned in a document in 1269) , a permanent exchange site under the castle (suburbium) was established around 1200 as part of the state development. This place was finally given city rights by Margrave of Meissen Heinrich the Illustrious (Wettiner) after Emperor Friedrich II. 1229 in the treaty with the clerical princes and in 1233 in the treaty with the secular princes on these imperial rights in favor of the sovereigns ( dominus terrarum ) had waived. Already at this time the Elbe was an important trade route, so that the city of Pirna was given stacking rights very quickly . In addition, the city was on an important trade route to Bohemia. While there is an irregular street pattern at the foot of the castle around the church of St. Mary , the other part of the city, roughly at the height of the town hall, was laid out later in a chessboard-like manner. This is evidence that the city was not founded according to plan, but emerged from a much older settlement core.

Pirna was first mentioned in a document in 1233. In 1293 King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia acquired the town and castle from the Meißner bishop, which made Pirna part of Bohemia until 1405 . The Dominican monastery was founded in 1307 and in 1325 King John of Bohemia confirmed the town's lucrative stacking rights . Pirna developed into an important settlement in the marchmeißnisch-bohemian border area. In 1351, King Charles IV of Bohemia , who became emperor four years later, held a prince's day in Pirna to settle disputes over the Margraviate of Brandenburg . A good 50 years after Pirna's return to the Mark Meissen , Elector Friedrich II of Saxony received confirmation of ownership of the city in the Treaty of Eger . Pirna remained a Bohemian fief .

A school in Pirna was mentioned for the first time in 1317. But you don't know which building it was in. Since 1465 at the latest, there has been a school building on the site of today's “Mägdleinschule”. In 1540 the boys' school moved to the now vacant Dominican monastery and in 1583 to the upper Burgstrasse. In 1409, the then sovereign, Margrave Wilhelm zu Meißen, allowed the city of Pirna to hold a free weekly market every Saturday. The certificate is in the city archive.

With the advent of iron ore mining in the Eastern Ore Mountains in the middle of the 15th century, the town became the seat of the iron chamber responsible for the Pirna Revier in 1472 , which existed until 1686.

The first known floods in Pirna in 1427 and 1432 were recorded by the Pirna Dominican and chronicler Johannes Lindner . From August 16 to 18, 1501, the Elbe valley was hit by a particularly heavy flood, caused by nine days of rain in Bohemia. In Pirna the water reached the pulpit and the edge of the baptismal font of the monastery church and was marked with a red line above the sermon chair. Also in 1510 large parts of the city center were flooded when the Elbe flooded, the market was completely under water.

Reformation in Pirna

Church conditions before the Reformation

Monastery church "St. Heinrich "
(created around 1400)

In most of the Saxon cities there were around 1500 branches of the mendicant orders . Around 1300 the Dominican Order built a monastery in Pirna , which was first mentioned in a document in 1307. Already in 1483/84 the two Wettins Ernst and Albrecht III complained . with the bishops of Merseburg and Meißen about the broken way of life of the mendicant monks. In 1511 the Pirna preacher Johann Styel attacked the prior of the Pirna Dominican monastery because of his way of life. The sermon also shows that the Reformation thought was widespread in 1511.

The mendicant monks had not made themselves popular with the Pirn population in previous years. In 1498 there was a dispute between the monastery and the widow of the Pirna citizen Dominikus Rudel about his inheritance. The woman refused to recognize her husband's will, who bequeathed the family's fields to the monastery. The monastery responded to the woman's resistance by excommunication . In 1502, Duke Georg had to request the city in writing not to offer the monastery any resistance in acquiring a garden. For the year 1516/17 the so-called Pirn monk reported about the founding of a monastery on the Königstein , which had failed as early as 1524 "because of the flight of the monks".

Visitation and Reformation in Pirna

It is difficult to judge to what extent the Reformation thought was already rooted in Pirna before 1537. Although Pirna was still faithful to be a Catholic during the lifetime of George the Bearded, the city council had secretly tried to find a competent pastor in Wittenberg since 1537 at the latest . The Pirna population also got their first contact with the consequences of the Reformation in 1537, when the remaining monks who had been expelled from the Altzella Monastery were quartered in the Pirna Monastery.

Shortly after Duke Georg died on April 17, 1539, the Pirna councilors Paul Arnold and Mathes Zschipchen came to Martin Luther's house in Wittenberg to announce that the city had elected Antonius Lauterbach, the magister and deacon of the Wittenberg church, as the new pastor. After two days to think about it, Lauterbach agreed. On July 25, 1539, two days after the first visitation , Lauterbach was welcomed by the city council with a welcome drink and began to baptize on the same day according to the Lutheran confession. As superintendent , Antonius Lauterbach was also given the supervision of the Dominican monastery.

After the death of Duke Georg, Duke Heinrich began carrying out the Reformation. Ducal commissions, which consisted of Protestant theologians and ducal officials, visited the monasteries and churches of Saxony to determine the existing properties of the churches and monasteries. On July 1, 1539, all Catholic processions in Saxony were banned by the ducal order. On July 10, 1539, Duke Heinrich issued the order to visit the Saxon monasteries and churches. The first visitation reached Pirna on July 22nd, 1539. The visitors forbade the Catholic mass , confession and everything that was not justified in the Holy Scriptures. The communion was permitted in both kinds, and in the city a superintendency was established, the new pastor Lauterbach been transferred. The monks were told to let anyone out of their ranks who wanted to go, and at the same time they were not allowed to accept new brothers. With the regulations of the first visitation, the monks almost made any religious life impossible. Six months later the second visit took place, which reached Pirna on January 22, 1540. Further regulations for Pirna are not known.

The end of the Pirna Dominican monastery

A list from 1542 shows the Dominican monastery in Pirna as the poorest of the remaining Saxon monasteries. While the monastery still had seven members at the end of 1539, as well as "serious other people", which can mean monks who had moved from Freiberg , where the Reformation had prevailed earlier, at the end of 1542 only four monks lived in the monastery. In August 1540 the estates agreed to the sequestration (dissolution) of the abandoned monastery in Saxony. In order to finance a Turkish campaign by the Saxon Duke Moritz , the sequestration and confiscation of all existing Catholic churches and monasteries was decided. A third of the proceeds went to the state budget, the other third to the Protestant Church and the last third to Leipzig University. The lands of the Pirna monastery were confiscated by the Saxon state, while the monastery books were moved to the university library in Leipzig. In 1548 all monks seem to have either died or left the monastery voluntarily. The Duke Moritz, who in the meantime had risen to become elector during the Schmalkaldic War , forbade the sale of the monastery buildings. However, in 1552 these were sold to various citizens of Pirna.

Modern times

The Marienkirche

In 1502 the construction of the new town church began under the direction of master Peter Ulrich von Pirna. With the introduction of the Reformation in Albertine Saxony in 1539, Anton Lauterbach , who was familiar with Luther , became the first Protestant pastor and superintendent . In 1544, the strategically important castle was expanded into a state fortress by Duke Moritz von Sachsen and three years later survived the siege in the Schmalkaldic War by Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen .

After the vault paintings (biblical picture cycles) of the three-aisled late Gothic hall church were finished in 1546, Pirn's art reached its climax in 1614 with the completion of the ten meter high sandstone main altar of St. Mary by Michael and David Schwenke. At the same time as the influx of Bohemian exiles in 1628, the ten meter high city ​​wall was built, which remained in this state until the 18th century. The fishing village on the Elbe (later the Schifftorvorstadt ) and the Hausbergsiedlung initially remained outside the walls, which is why they were destroyed several times during the Thirty Years' War .

From 1621 to 1622 Pirna had a tipper mint in which interim coins (tipper coins) were struck under mint master Georg Stange. These were tipper groschen and cruiser pieces up to the so-called Kippertaler at 60 groschen. In January 1651, when the Elbe flooded, the city center was flooded again up to the market. On April 23, 1639, the city was stormed by Swedish troops under the Commander-in-Chief of the Swedish Army Field Marshal Banér . During the unsuccessful five-month siege of the fortress, the city below was devastated and plundered, around 600 residents were murdered ("Pirnsches Elend"). When the city was to be cremated when the Swedes withdrew, the owner of the lion pharmacy, Theophilus Jacobäer , rode through the enemy ranks and prevented the city from being destroyed with an intercession letter from the Saxon Elector Princess Magdalena Sibylle , a friend of the Swedish Queen. With the emerging baroque style in Saxony , the Sonnenstein fortress was expanded from around 1670 according to modern military knowledge. Only the mighty stone outer works still bear witness to this. In 1707 the city had debts of more than 100,000 thalers due to the heavy burdens in the Great Northern War .

Bernardo Bellotto : Market Square in Pirna , 1753/54

On August 29, 1756 the small fled Saxon army in the Seven Years' War before without declaring war sunken Prussia to the Struppener flatness between keeps Koenigstein and Sunstone and surrendered there in the camp at Pirna on October 16, two days after the surrender of the fortress Sunstone . 1758 besieged troops of the Imperial Army and part of the Imperial Army , the fortress , the Prussian garrison surrendered on September 5. The Sonnenstein fortress was razed in 1758.

The "Schluchtschleuse" is the oldest sewage ditch in Pirna, which ran parallel to the Elbe through the city blocks, for example it was found in Quartier 1. From 1750 to 1781 the “Stadtschleuse” was built, a sewer pipe with sandstone vaults laid in the streets to drain the property. In the end it was 2000 m long and 242 plots were connected. In the second half of the 18th century, the large fountain troughs made of sandstone blocks were set up in the city area, seven of which are still there, four of which are in the original locations.

The first factories were established in Pirna in 1774 with the calico printing works . 1809 there were troop movements of the Austrians and the allied with Napoleon states of the Rhine Confederation , to which among other things Saxony belonged. Pirna was occupied by the Austrians on June 14, 1809. The troops had to be housed and fed; fighting or destruction is not reported. From 1810 the area around the town church was no longer used as a cemetery and the wall around the church was removed. In 1811 the doctor Ernst Gottlob Pienitz opened a sanatorium for the mentally ill on the Sonnenstein , which made a name for itself with the success of its reform psychiatric approaches. But on September 14, 1813, French troops occupied the Sonnenstein and forced the evacuation of the 275 patients, confiscated supplies and removed the roof trusses because of the threat of fire. In September 1813, Emperor Napoleon lived temporarily in the Marienhaus on the market. The French defended the fortress until Dresden surrendered on November 11th. It was not until February that the sanatorium could be resumed on a makeshift basis.

The Obertor around 1760, on the right the Sonnenstein Castle , on the left the Marienkirche

At the beginning of the 19th century the city walls were still standing. There were four gates: the Obertor (Steinische / Königsteinische), the Dohnsche Tor, the Elbtor (Brüdertor) at the monastery, the Schifftor and the Elbpforte on Badergasse. Outside the wall were the Hausberg, Breite Gasse (Breite Strasse), Dresdner Gasse (Bahnhofstrasse), the houses on the Elbe, and the Schifftorvorstadt. The city council consisted of eight paid members who were elected annually on Michaelmas Day . Two mayors took turns as governing and deputy mayors. The population was around 5,000 and the number of houses was around 480, including 267 within the city wall and 213 in the suburbs, which had their own judges, night watchmen and fire brigades. Copitz, Ebenheit and Niedervogelgesang were council villages.

In 1813, Goethe visited Pirna, as is documented on a plaque in the Breite Straße. The district orphanage stood on today's Clara-Zetkin-Straße from 1814 to 1922. In 1816 the Pirna Authority was established with several royal authorities. Steam shipping on the Elbe began here in 1837 with the steamer Queen Maria . In 1838 the Pirnaer Leih- und Sparkasse was opened. It was housed in the town hall until 1926, after which it moved into the current building on Gartenstrasse.

Industrial Age, Imperial Age and Weimar Republic

The old Pirna train station, which was put into operation in 1848, on the former Saxon-Bohemian State Railway

Pirna has had an elected, full-time mayor since 1832. The first (1832–1849) was Paul August Ritterstädt .

On March 31, 1845 there was a great Elbe flood that flooded large parts of the old town of Pirna. The water level in Dresden reached 8.77 m and about 5700 cubic meters per second flowed into the Elbe. The water level reached by this so-called Saxon Flood was taken in the Elbe Valley as a measure for the new embankment of the Tetschen – Dresden-Neustadt railway line , which was built about 1 m higher than the high water level. The Dresden – Pirna railway line was opened in 1848. The first train station was located directly in front of the old city wall near the St. Heinrich monastery church. The west side of the monastery courtyard was demolished so that the station could be more easily reached. The classicist sandstone building that still exists today is one of the oldest preserved station buildings in Saxony.

Emil Adolf Roßmaessler was a member of the constituency of Pirna in the Paulskirche parliament in 1848 . On May uprising in Dresden to defend the German constitution in 1849 also Pirnaer concerned citizens. The Pirna doctor and city councilor Wilhelm Adolph Haußner was killed by Prussian soldiers. A commemorative plaque on his former home on Dohnaische Strasse commemorates Haußner's work.

On November 25, 1859, the first gas lantern was set up on the market square in Pirna. Since then there has been a public gas lighting system with 84 gas lamps; 442 private households were also supplied. The city museum was founded in 1861 as one of the oldest museums in Saxony. The museum has been located in the chapter house building of the monastery since 1923. Until 1873 there was the only school here, the school building at the monastery courtyard (the "mother of all schools") (Rippich). In 1873 the school on Dohnaischer Platz, today the Goethe School, was inaugurated.

From the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, in which Saxony stood on Austria's side and had lost, until 1868 Prussian military was stationed in Pirna.

In 1869 the catholic church in today's Dr.-Külz-Straße was built in neo-Gothic style. The two neighboring houses - the rectory and the former Catholic school - also have neo-Gothic gables. In 1875 the Nikolaikirche was demolished. It stood on Nikolaistraße in today's Friedenspark.

Main building of the Hengst furniture factory built in 1899/1900 (Maxim-Gorki-Straße)

The development of Pirna into an industrial city began in 1862 with the construction of an enamelling factory. In the following decades, further factories were built along the railway leading to Dresden, mainly in the fields of mechanical engineering (1871), glass (1874) and cellulose production (1886) and rayon production (1909). Another impetus for industrialization came from the sandstone bridge over the Elbe, completed in 1875, and the associated relocation of the station.

Typical Wilhelminian style development in the Westvorstadt (Maxim-Gorki-Straße)

Between the historic old town and the new train station, the Westvorstadt with its Wilhelminian -style buildings was built up until the First World War . Most of the houses here were built between 1880 and 1910. In 1916 the cinema was opened in the former Hotel Kaiserhof. In the Westvorstadt there is also the listed Hengst furniture factory , which, together with the Elbe Valley headquarters, is the most important structural evidence of industrialization in Pirna. The core of the right Elbe town of Copitz along the main road leading from the Elbe bridge to Lohmen experienced an overprint from the Wilhelminian era. During the founding period, the large shop windows on the ground floor of the houses in the city center were also created. The riveted connections of the steel girders required for this purpose above the windows were decorated with floral ornaments. You can still see some of them, especially in Schmiedestrasse.

View of the Red Barracks built in 1905/1906 on Rottwerndorfer Straße, the Gottleubatalbahn ran to the left of the street

At the end of the 19th century the city grew southwards. In the area of ​​today's Südvorstadt , an extensive barracks area was built along Rottwerndorfer Straße from 1887/89. The "gray barracks" served as accommodation for the 2nd Field Artillery Regiment No. 28 (later replaced by the 1st Engineer Battalion No. 12). Between 1901 and 1906 the barracks area was extended to the south by the buildings of the "Red Barracks" for the 5th Field Artillery Regiment No. 64. The barracks offered accommodation for around 1,700 men. The military used an area on the city limits to Heidenau and one on today's Copitzer bridge approach to the Sachsenbrücke at the airfield as parade grounds.

In 1890 the population had grown to 13,852. On 6./7. In September 1890 there was a flood in the Elbe, which did not, however, reach the water level of 1845. Further flood damage occurred in 1897. During the Gottleuba flood on 29./30. In July 1897 severe damage occurred primarily in Neundorf and Rottwerndorf. The old town of Pirna was flooded over a large area because the dam of the Elbe Valley Railway with its few culverts prevented the water from flowing quickly into the Elbe. The mouth of the Gottleuba into the Elbe widens from 5 m to 70 m.

From 1889 to 1922 there was a loading crane on the Elbe near the Elbe parking lot, built by Hermann Prasser to load the sandstones. In 1897, at today's Maxim-Gorki-Str. 28 built a new Catholic school next to the Catholic Church as a replacement for the school. The building is empty today.

Until 1902, the steep and therefore dangerous Hausbergstrasse (Am Hausberg) was the only connection from Pirna to the Sonnenstein. In 1902 the new serpentine road was built as a replacement. It leads from the old hospital to the rifle house of the rifle guild (the Hanno-Günther-Heim called "Hanno") to the Sonnenstein.

From 1903 only the city administration and the savings bank were housed in the town hall . Before that, the building was used by the post office, the museum, the city archive, the military and various commercial businesses.

On September 12, 1911, eleven Uhlans drowned while attempting to cross the Elbe on horseback. To commemorate them, the so-called Ulanenkmal was erected shortly afterwards on the Oberpostaer Elbe side. It was later changed according to the zeitgeist, but returned to its original state in 2012. A few meters away there is a memorial to those who fell in the First World War.

In 1912 the general public power supply began in Pirna, initially with generators in a paper mill. Initially, Breite Straße, a private apartment and the city's electricity supply were illuminated. In 1913 the first power station (the “Elbe Valley Central”) went into operation, in which a 5000 hp steam turbine was operated with lignite. In Copitz there had been electricity since 1895, which was generated by a hydroelectric power station in Liebethaler Grund. The Elbe Valley headquarters, located in the industrial area between Pirna and Heidenau, was only in operation until 1929. Today only a ruin remains.

Since 1912 Pirna was represented in the Reichstag by an SPD member.

During the First World War , Pirna was a garrison town and housed the Pioneer Battalion No. 12 and the 5th Royal Saxon Field Artillery Regiment No. 64 on Rottwerndorfer Straße . Both units suffered high losses in the World War.

With the secularization of 1919 (separation of church and state) the schools came from the church to the state administration. On 27./28. In July 1920, a train with an arms transport drove through Pirna. This was stopped by Pirna workers and the weapons were confiscated. A memorial at the train station still reminds of this today.

From the 1920s to 1933, Siegfried Rädel, who was born in Copitz, was a member of the Reichstag for Pirna from the KPD. In October 1923 the Reichswehr marched into Pirna to put down a workers' strike. On the 23./24. October two young men, Artur Müller and Hans Wittig, shot dead. A memorial plaque on the town hall has been a reminder of this since 1963. In December 1923 with the great inflation there were around 5000 unemployed in Pirna.

In 1922/23, under Mayor Arthur Gaitzsch , the city expanded to over 30,000 inhabitants through the incorporation of several suburbs and surrounding villages ( Posta , Niedervogelgesang , Obervogelgesang , Copitz , Hinterjessen , Neundorf , Beimendorf , Rottwerndorf ) and thus gained district freedom in 1924 .

In 1927 the floods of Gottleuba and Seidewitz caused severe damage in Pirna. 13 people died in the water, 9 of them in Pirna-Neundorf alone. As in 1897, the old town and the western suburb were flooded on a large scale.

On April 4, 1928 the first city bus drove in Pirna. The private entrepreneur Hans Jensen opened the bus service with four lines and twelve buses. The bus routes were taken over by VEB Kraftverkehr in 1952 and today's RVSOE in 1992 . In 1928, the two-lane lane for road traffic and the footpath were widened on the upstream side of the Elbe bridge. The alignment of the two railway tracks on the bridge remained unchanged.

In 1929 the vocational school was founded at today's Thälmannplatz.

Period of National Socialism and the Second World War

Pirna-Sonnenstein Memorial

In the Reichstag election in March 1933 , the NSDAP received over 40 percent of the votes in the Pirna administration . Mass rallies and persecutions followed. Two months before the nationwide book burning , on March 9, 1933, books were burned in front of the people's bookstore in Pirna on Breite Strasse and a newspaper (the “People's Newspaper”) was banned. In 1928 Hermann Paul Nitsche was appointed director of the Sonnenstein sanatorium, which had grown to over 700 patients . The systematic exclusion of the chronically mentally ill began when he took office. As an explicit advocate of the “ destruction of life unworthy of life ” and the “ National Socialist racial hygiene ”, he enforced compulsory sterilization , questionable “compulsory medical treatment” and “catering arrangements” against “ genetically ill ” patients. In December 1939 the institution was closed and set up as a reserve hospital and resettlement camp.

The facility became notorious for its use as part of the T4 campaign , when 13,720 patients and more than 1,000 concentration camp prisoners were gassed in Pirna from June 1940 to August 1941 under the direction of the doctor Horst Schumann . Most of the euthanasia victims came from psychiatric hospitals, homes for the mentally handicapped, and old people's and nursing homes. In times of "busy" times, more than 200 people were gassed every working day. Despite the strictest secrecy, rumors about the murders leaked from the Pirna-Sonnenstein killing center . The fact that the population at the time remained silent about this may have had to do with passive acceptance and a vague fear of sanctions. During the GDR era, this chapter was not discussed due to the military-industrial re-use of the site. The Pirna-Sonnenstein Memorial has been commemorating this since 1990 .

In July 1933 the bathing establishment in the Elbe (Stadtbad) near the old customs house (Elbufer 1) was destroyed by a hurricane. The second Elbe bathing establishment, the Carolabad below the Elbe bridge, no longer exists. In the time of the Third Reich, the Hermann-Göring-Siedlung was built in the south suburb in the Heimatschutz style , today's musicians and painters quarter, so named after the current street names.

In the night of November 9-10, 1938, four Jewish shops were destroyed in Pirna . Since 2008 a plaque in the Schössergasse / corner of Markt reminds of one of them.

Towards the end of World War II , from 10 January to mid-April 1945 in were satellite camps Mockethal / Zatzschke of Flossenburg than 1,000 prisoners to forced labor for the German gasoline in the expansion of underground fuel generating plants ( " Badger VII ") in the area of the "Old Post" or for HASAG in the above-ground mineral oil plant Herrenleite (" Carnallit "). The number of prisoners mentioned includes several hundred prisoners evacuated from Dresden, including Polish Jews from the "Striesen metal works".

In the Second World War there were a total of 3500 dead citizens from Pirna, most of them died as soldiers on the fronts. But the city also experienced several air strikes that claimed a total of around 300 lives, most of them civilians. On February 15, 1945 , 24 American "Flying Fortresses" Boeing B-17 dropped 430 high explosive bombs over the "Hermann-Göring-Siedlung" in the Pirnaer Südvorstadt. There was severe damage to the building. Among the 47 fatalities, 14 women and children and 31 soldiers were in a bunker. The actual destination is said to have been the Dresden-Friedrichstadt marshalling yard, 18 km away . On March 2, 1945 , US bombs fell from a cloudy sky on fields and places in the vicinity of Pirna, such as Birkwitz , Jessen and Graupa . At least 14 people died. The heaviest air attack took place on April 19, 1945 by 115 B-17 bombers with 337 tons of bomb load, targeted on the Elbe bridge and the city's railway systems . These were hit, but also the neighboring residential areas on both sides of the Elbe, the Pirna monastery church , the cemetery (100 bombs), the cast steel mill and the pulp mill. Over 200 civilians and 20 soldiers died. On May 8, 1945 , while Pirna was being captured by Soviet troops, the Red Air Fleet bombed the city. That resulted in 28 deaths.

Post-war period until the founding of the GDR

After the end of the war in 1945, commissions of the new state organs for denazification and for the implementation of SMAD orders 124 and 126 were formed in the towns and municipalities of the Pirna district . The commissions, in which all bloc parties were represented, identified within a few days the companies, persons and institutions that came under orders 124 and 126 and, together with the anti- fascist committees, drew up lists, reasons and assessments. According to order 124, 236 objects were found for sequestration (confiscation) in the Pirna district including the Sebnitz district .

To this end, at the beginning of 1946, the Pirna district administration formed the “Department for sequestered assets” and at the same time dissolved the commission for the implementation of both orders. The new department prepared the proposals for the land and buildings and was responsible for further processing of all matters relating to this. However, their proposals were still being discussed by a monitoring commission. Sequestrated (confiscated) buildings and land were given to the FDJ , Volkssolidarität , FDGB and the consumer cooperative .

In the referendum in Saxony on June 30, 1946 on the transfer of businesses to public property , 86,020 citizens in the Pirna district voted for expropriation, that is 82.40 percent. The following companies in the city of Pirna were thus transferred to public ownership:

• United Color Glass Works AG Pirna
• Rottwerndorfer soap factory R. Walther KG
• Saxon adhesive works Pirna, Szantner u. Partner
• Siemens capacitor construction / Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG Pirna-Copitz
• Mitteldeutsche Spinnhütte GmbH Pirna-Copitz
• Siemens-Glas AG, Copitz plant
• Aschaffenburger Zellstoffwerke, Hoesch & Co., Pirna
• Chemical factory Richard Dreßler Pirna
• Dyckerhoff & Widmann KG Pirna-Copitz
• Ms. Küttner AG, Kunstseidenwerke Pirna
• Gebr. Lein GmbH, machine factory and iron foundry Pirna
• Malt factory of the Brauerei zum Felsenkeller AG Pirna
• RA Schramm, Pirna hardware store
• Erich Bodechtel, Pirna stonemasonry
• Karl Häschel, Locksmith Pirna-Copitz.

From June 16 to July 7, 1947 the euthanasia trial against doctors and nurses who had participated in the T4 campaign took place in the Dresden jury . On July 7th, Paul Nitsche , the Sonnenstein nurses Erhard Gäbler and Hermann Felfe were sentenced to death and the nurse Paul Räpke to life imprisonment.

According to order 124 of the Soviet military administration, 25 named persons in the city of Pirna, all of whom were formerly active in NSDAP leadership positions, were expropriated. Regarding the extent of the expropriation, it says: "With the handing over of the deeds, all assets of the above persons are expropriated, be it balances in bank, savings and checkbooks, securities, shares, loans etc. or land, land and businesses, agriculture." The deletion of the land register followed in the next few days.

It is not known whether the detainees, internees and dispossessed participated in the pogrom of 9/10 November 1938 in Pirna and other places in the district played a role as a reason for her punishment. Apparently there was no special procedure against the perpetrators of this pogrom in the Pirna district.

Numerous NSDAP members publicly expressed repentance in the summer of 1945. Repentance was also received positively in Pirna. Rudolf Walter, owner of the soap and chemical factory in Rottwerndorf, transferred 1,000 marks for victims of fascism on June 14, 1945 as reparation and declared that he was ashamed of “ever having been a member of the NSDAP”. He also wanted to sponsor two family members of victims of fascism in order to promote their further education. This declaration has been published and recommended for emulation. Thereupon there was a fundraising campaign by business people and craftsmen from Pirna, which by July 25, 1945 brought in an amount of 23,401 marks. Among the named donors was Richard Jähnichen, the father of the commandant of the "protective custody camp" Hohnstein from 1933/1934.

GDR era / socialism

View over the new development area Sonnenstein

Aircraft engine manufactured in Pirna at the Leipzig trade fair , 1958

Production in the Saxon artificial silk factory "Siegfried Rädel", 1970

Obermarkt, in the background Schloßstraße towards Sonnenstein , 1979

During the GDR era, Pirna was the district town of the Pirna district in the Dresden district . One of the socialist achievements was the new building area in modern prefabricated construction on the Sonnenstein for about 10,000 inhabitants, that between 1965 and 1983, and that in Copitz-West, which was built from 1980 to 1988. The old town, however, fell into disrepair because buildings were not adequately maintained. Some of the houses were uninhabitable at the end of the GDR. The air was heavily polluted by power station and industrial exhaust gases as well as the lignite heating. Coming from the Eastern Ore Mountains, one often saw a cloud of haze over the Elbe valley .

During the planned economy , the people mostly worked in state- owned companies : in the artificial silk factory (which formerly belonged to Hugo Küttner and was located on the industrial site on today's B 172 towards Heidenau), in the pulp mill (which was located below the Gottleuba estuary between the railway line and the Elbe) ), in 1956 as VEB Entwicklungsbau Pirna founded VEB flow machines Pirna (short: flow machine) on the Sonnenstein and at the Wismut in Königstein. Among other things, Pirna 014 turbines for the 152 jet aircraft developed in the GDR were built in the turbo- machine factory . All of these companies did not exist long after the fall of the Wall because they were not competitive enough. - The Elbe was heavily polluted by the wastewater from industry, especially from the pulp mill ; Swimming in the Elbe was no longer possible.

On July 23, 1957 and July 6, 1958, heavy floods of the Gottleuba occurred due to above-average rainfall , which flooded large parts of the old town and caused destruction as before in 1897 and 1927. Among other things, the railway bridge of the Elbe valley line at the steamship pier in the current one burst Dohnaische Strasse. The Deutsche Reichsbahn built a makeshift steel bridge. The temporary solution stood until December 2011 and caused a lot of noise when trains crossed. After the two floods, several retention basins and the Gottleuba dam were built.

In 1961 the Finnish city of Varkaus became Pirna's twin town.

A thermal power station was built from 1957 to 1963. It had three turbines with a capacity of 12.5 MW and supplied the industry and the residential area on the Sonnenstein with electricity and heating. In 1968/69 the indoor swimming pool on Seminarstraße was built as an initiative for the public swimming pool with the participation of the local population and opened on October 4th, 1969.

In 1975 Pirna had 53,000 inhabitants.

Typical institutions of the socialist era were the Society for Sport and Technology (GST), Society for German-Soviet Friendship (DSF), the People's Solidarity , company sports communities and the company fighting groups . Sports clubs called themselves “Lokomotive”, “Progress” or “Chemie” and “Bismut” after the companies. The first Pirna Intershop opened in Max Schneider's shop on Gartenstrasse . During the GDR era, only one house was built in the old town: the building at today's Dohnaische Strasse 72.

Until the abandonment of travel on the railway line to Bad Gottleuba in 1972, Pirna had a train station in the southern suburb, the southern station.

The local state security was domiciled in the building of today's employment agency on Seminarstrasse. Like the Dresden district headquarters, it was occupied by the citizens' committee in autumn 1989. The military district command of the NVA was on Grohmannstrasse next to the monastery courtyard.

In the mid-1980s, around 1,700 unrenovated apartments stood empty in Pirna, 400 of them in the old town. Individual particularly badly dilapidated houses were demolished in the following period, for example the house on the south-east corner of the market square and the Kern'sche house in Burgstrasse. When the devil's dungeon was supposed to be removed in 1989 as part of demolition measures in the old town, there were demonstrations shouting “Save Pirna”. From this group, the Old Town Board of Trustees was formed, which rendered outstanding services to the reconstruction that began after the fall of the Wall.

History after 1989

Renovated buildings in the old town of Pirna: View from Frohngasse to the Canaletto House (left), the tower of St. Mary's Church and the late Gothic ornamental gable of the German-Czech boarding school

The deindustrialization in the course of German reunification, unprecedented in the history of the city, was formative . The immediate transition to the market economy led to the shutdown of a considerable part of the structure-determining industrial companies. In the three largest plants, rayon plant, turbo-machine plant and pulp plant alone, more than 5000 jobs were lost by the mid-1990s as a result of the closure and liquidation by the Treuhandanstalt . It is true that new jobs were created in the service industry; however, these could not compensate for the loss. The establishment of new jobs in the manufacturing industry turned out to be difficult, not least because of the lack of a motorway connection until 2005/2006.

This economic cut favored the emigration of the young population in particular, so that the number of inhabitants in connection with the recorded birth deficits ( demographic change ) shrank. The incorporation of Birkwitz-Pratzschwitz and Graupa in 1999 with around 4500 inhabitants at that time only had a statistical effect.

Under these conditions, urban development increasingly focused on an urban redevelopment process . The focus of the internal development , which has been driven forward since 2002 (elaboration of an integrated urban development concept) , is the dismantling of permanently vacant apartments and infrastructures that are no longer needed in the long term, as well as the upgrading of existing housing and infrastructure that is worth preserving and the adaptation to the changing demand structures of the aging population.

The reconstruction of the inner city has been advanced considerably since the beginning of the 1990s with intensive funding from the urban development funding programs . In the meantime, over 90% of the 300 buildings in the historic old town have been renovated. The number of inhabitants in the redevelopment area of ​​the old town has doubled since the end of the 1990s from almost 1,000 to almost 2,000 (as of 2013). The market square and the surrounding alleys have developed into a district worth seeing with shops, bars and cafes as well as cultural offerings (including Tom-Pauls-Theater ). The renovation of the old town repeatedly brought historical features to light. For example, during the renovation of a house on the market square, an approx. 500-year-old wall painting was uncovered that shows the wrong type of animal hunt - animals hunt and eat people - and which, according to the Saxon State Office for Monument Preservation, is unique in this form in Saxony. In addition, valuable wooden beam ceilings were exposed in numerous houses .

Part of the urban redevelopment was the revitalization of Sonnenstein Castle , which has been the administrative seat of the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district since 2011 . Between 1998 and 2000, nine historically valuable houses were reconstructed, renovated and converted into a boarding school in Schlossstrasse for the Czech pupils of the Friedrich Schiller Grammar School . The school is the only German-Czech grammar school in Germany.

The urban redevelopment process included the dismantling of permanently vacant and no longer rentable housing stocks as well as social infrastructure facilities (daycare centers, schools), especially in the Südvorstadt , on the Sonnenstein and in Copitz . Almost 900 apartments have been demolished here since 2004. The subsequent use of the demolition areas included the creation of green and open spaces as well as playgrounds (Sonnenstein, Copitz) as well as building sites for individual residential construction (Südvorstadt).

In the course of the revitalization of the industrial areas and traffic areas that had fallen idle after the fall of the Wall, numerous old areas were given new uses. Between 1995 and 2001, the area was cleared, contaminated sites were remedied and the approx. 40 hectare area of ​​the artificial silk factory was developed into the An der Elbe industrial and commercial park . Here is u. a. Fahrzeugelektrik Pirna GmbH, the world market leader in the manufacture of oil pressure switches for the automotive industry.

View of the entrance area of ​​the Pirna Clinic, built in 2004–2007

For the hospital on Schandauer Straße acquired by Rhön-Klinikum AG in June 2002, a replacement building became necessary after the merger with the former Johanniter Hospital Dohna-Heidenau (2003) to become the Pirna Clinic. This was realized between 2004 and 2007 on a part of the former turbo machine plant in the Sonnenstein district. The total investment for the new building was around 52 million euros. The hospital is classified as a standard care facility with currently 390 beds (2012/13). With 770 employees it is currently the most important employer in Pirna (as of 2014). In February 2014 the hospital was sold to the Helios Clinics .

Another important site of the fallow land revitalization was the former freight area of ​​the Pirna train station . The new depot of the then Upper Elbian Transport Company Pirna-Sebnitz mbH and the administrative building of the state dam administration of Saxony were built here in 2001 . This was followed in January 2008 by the new central bus station in Pirna, which was built on the site of the former goods handling and the old bus station.

The Dohnaische Strasse destroyed by the masses of water from the Gottleuba on August 14, 2002

Pirna was hit by the Elbe flood in 2002 . After heavy rainfalls on August 12, the Seidewitz and Gottleuba rivers flooded large parts of the city center with almost no warning. After this flood had receded, the Elbe flooded the city center as well as the settlement areas near the Elbe in Copitz, Nieder- and Obervogelgesang, Posta and Pratzschwitz from August 14th . The Elbe reached a maximum water level of 10.58 meters on August 17th - about one meter more than during the extreme flood of 1845 . The water masses flooded an area of ​​7.1 km² in the urban area. The total amount of damage was around 175 million euros. About 360 businesses and 1000 houses were affected; 12,500 people had to be evacuated.

In July 2005, Pirna got a motorway connection when the section from Dresden to Pirna of the federal motorway 17 was completed. The extension to the Czech border was opened to traffic in December 2006.

In 2007, Pirna was the first city in Saxony to introduce double-entry bookkeeping in the city administration .

Pirna made headlines in the late 1990s with right-wing extremist actions and attacks. As a reaction to this, a non-partisan alliance was formed in 1999 with the association “Aktion Zivilcourage” , the aim of which is to actively strengthen democratic culture and promote tolerance. The association has received several awards for its work in recent years, including a. with the Saxon Prize for Democracy (2008), the Theodor Heuss Medal (2009) and the Active Prize for Democracy and Tolerance (2011). Since 2005 there has been a cross-agency network in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district with the “Extremism Steering Group”, which coordinates work against right-wing extremist hot spots. The network also initiates projects to promote democracy together with initiatives and associations . This structure has successfully solidified in recent years, has become the awareness of the official and initiative network partners and is used as an effective means of dealing with right-wing extremist issues. Crime from extremism has fallen significantly in recent years, reaching a low in 2011. While in 2008 238 right-wing extremist offenses, including 8 violent offenses, were recorded in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains, in 2011 there were still 137 offenses, including 2 violent offenses. On September 23, 2008 the city of Pirna received the title “ Place of Diversity ” awarded by the German government . In 2011 the Sonnenstein Castle was extensively renovated. Since then, the district office has been located in the castle.

The inner city and the areas close to the Elbe in Pirna were again affected by severe flooding by the Elbe in June 2013 . The water level of the Elbe reached a height of 9.66 m (2002: 10.58 m). By June 5, 2013, around 7,700 people had to be evacuated. About 1000 buildings were in the water. According to an initial estimate, the total amount of damage is around 69 million euros.

Since 2013 the city has been advertising with the slogan Pirna - sandstone full of life .

Incorporations

Pirna initially consisted of the old town and four historical suburbs: Fischergasse, Schifftorvorstadt , Dohnaische Vorstadt and Obertorvorstadt . The corridors on which the Westvorstadt , Südvorstadt and the Sonnenstein residential area later emerged lay in the soft image of the city .

Later the city expanded as follows:

Former parish	date	annotation
Birkwitz	05/01/1973	Merger with Pratzschwitz to Birkwitz-Pratzschwitz
Birkwitz-Pratzschwitz	01/01/1999
Bonnewitz	01/01/1972	Incorporation to Graupa
Copitz	04/01/1923
Cunnersdorf near Pirna	07/01/1950
Graupa	01/01/1999
Local mountain community	1850
Hinterjessen	11/01/1923
Krietzschwitz	04/01/1974
Liebethal	06/01/1971
Mockethal	07/01/1950
Neundorf	11/01/1923
Lower bird song	04/01/1923
Obervogelgesang	04/01/1974
Posta	10/01/1922
Pratzschwitz	05/01/1973	Merger with Birkwitz to Birkwitz-Pratzschwitz
Rottwerndorf	December 01, 1923
Zatzschke	07/01/1950
Zehista	02/01/1930
Zusendorf	09/01/1923

Population development

 

Population development in Pirna according to the table below. Above from 1300 to 2017. Below an excerpt from 1871

Population development in the city of Pirna
year	1300	1550	1801	1815	1834	1871	1875	1880	1890
Residents	1,500	3,538	4,397	5,227	5,556	8,905	10,581	11,670	13,852
year	1900	1910	1925	1933	1939	1946 1	1950 2	1960	1966
Residents	18,246	19,525	30,460	33,656	36,325	37,626	38,676	41,111	44,403
year	1970	1975	1980	1985	1987	1989	1990	1991	1992
Residents	47,468	49,469	47,659	47,115	45,846	43,486	42,046	40,752	40.094
year	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Residents	39,705	39.202	38,841	38,574	38,442	37,968	42,187	41,708	41,065
year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Residents	40,448	40.171	39,884	39,718	39,357	38,971	38,678	38,587	38,252
year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Residents	38,262	38,379	38,384	38,459	38.010	38.187	38.276

Data source from 1998–1999: State Statistical Office Saxony
¹ 29 October
² 31 August

Data source from 2000: Pirna city administration (extract from the 2015 statistical yearbook)

politics

The market square with the town hall

In the election for the 6th Saxon state parliament on August 31, 2014, Pirna belonged to constituency 50 (Saxon Switzerland Eastern Ore Mountains 3). The CDU achieved 36.0% (2009: 38.8%), the Left 20.6% (2009: 24.8%), the SPD 10.7% (2009: 7.7%), the AfD 10.4%, the NPD 8.9% (2009: 7.9%), the Greens 4.7% (2009: 5.6%) and the FDP 3.6% (2009: 8.7%) the second votes .

The Lord Mayor is elected every seven years. Markus Ulbig held this office from 2001 to 2009 . He was last confirmed in office on June 8, 2008 with 64.87 percent of the vote. After his appointment as Saxon Minister of the Interior, Mayor Christian Flörke (non-party) took office on September 30, 2009. On January 17, 2010, Klaus-Peter Hanke emerged victorious in the second ballot of the new mayor election with 60% of the votes. Hanke is a member of the Free Voters, but ran as an independent candidate. On January 15, 2017, Hanke was re-elected with 60.5% of the votes in the first ballot.

City council

The city council is elected every five years and has 26 members. There is also a local council in the Graupa district and in Birkwitz-Pratzschwitz. The last city council election was held on May 26, 2019. The results for 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019:

Local elections 2019

Turnout: 61.5%

 %

20th

10

0

19.6%

19.3%

17.1%

11.2%

9.9%

9.1%

6.6%

5.2%

2.1%

n. k.

AfD

FW

CDU

left

PKM

Green

PB

SPD

NPD

FDP

Gains and losses

compared to 2014

 % p

 20th

 18th

 16

 14th

 12

 10

   8th

   6th

   4th

   2

   0

  -2

  -4

  -6

  -8th

-10

-12

-14

-16

-18

+ 19.6  % p

+ 10.3  % p

-17.1  % p

-8.0  % p

+ 9.9  % p

+ 3.9  % p

-5.5  % p

-3.7  % p

-6.4  % p

-3  % p

AfD

FW

CDU

left

PKM

Green

PB

SPD

NPD

FDP

Political party	1999		2004		2009		2014		2019
	Seats	percent	Seats	percent	Seats	percent	Seats	percent	Seats	percent
Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU)	13	36.21%	10	31.51%	8th	30.6%	10	34.2%	5	17.1%
The left	8th	22.41%	8th	23.19%	5	18.8%	6th	19.2%	3	11.2%
Free voters (FW)	7th	19.58%	5	17.20%	4th	15.4%	2	9.04%	7th	19.3%
Pirna Citizens' Initiatives (PB)	-	-	2	8.37%	3	10.6%	3	12.01%	2	6.6%
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)	4th	12.36%	2	7.08%	2	7.7%	2	8.9%	1	5.2%
National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD)	-	-	2	6.63%	2	7.1%	2	8.5%	0	2.1%
Free Democratic Party (FDP)	-	-	-	-	1	5.7%	0	3.0%	0	nk
Alliance 90 / The Greens	-	-	-	-	1	4.0%	1	5.2%	2	9.1%
Voters' Association Action Civil Courage (WAZ)	-	-	1	4.20%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Graupa Citizens' Committee	1	2.68%	0	1.82%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Alternative for Germany (AfD)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6th	19.6%
Pirna can do more	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	9.9%

coat of arms

Large coat of arms of Pirna

The coat of arms of the city of Pirna shows a triple hilltop on a golden shield , from the middle of which a pear tree grows with branches cut off from the trunk. Above it green foliage with seven golden pears. On both sides of the tree, facing it, two ruby-colored lions soar, with red tongues and tails thrown back, their back paws clawed into the mountain, their paws clapping against the trunk. On the coat of arms a tournament helmet with a golden and ruby-colored helmet cover adorned. On top of it a golden three-pointed crown, from which a pear tree grows. This coat of arms, valid since August 23, 1549, goes back to Ferdinand I (the later emperor). The Pirna city coat of arms, used before 1549, can be found at the east entrance of the town hall between pilasters and a relay structure with dolphins.

Town twinning

There are partnership agreements with the following cities:

•  Varkaus ( Finland ) - since 1961
•  Děčín ( Czech Republic ) - since 1975
•  Longuyon ( France ) - since 1980
•  Bolesławiec ( Poland ) - since 1980
•  Remscheid ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) - since 1990
•  Baienfurt ( Baden-Württemberg ) - since 2010 after 20 years of friendship between cities

Pirna is connected to the city of Reutlingen (Baden-Württemberg) and the municipality of Capannori (Italy) through city friendships.

Theater by the artist Tom Pauls in the Peter-Ulrich-Haus

Culture and sights

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Pirna

Theaters and stages

In Pirna there are, among other things, the cabaret Q24 , the Herderhalle, a multi-purpose hall that belongs to the Herder high school , the Tom-Pauls-Theater and the cabaret and cabaret association Pirnaer Stechmücken e. V.

Museums

In addition to the city museum, the botanical collections and the Pirna country palace in the district of Beimendorf , the Richard Wagner Museum in Graupa , the GDR Museum in Pirna , the Pirna vehicle museum in the district of Zehista and the field railway museum in the Herrenleite are represented.

• 

  Pirna City Museum in the area of ​​the former Dominican monastery

• 

  Exhibition in the GDR Museum on Rottwerndorfer Strasse

• 

  Euthanasia memorial in the former euthanasia center Pirna-Sonnenstein

• 

  Botanical collections in the rural palace in Beimendorf

• 

  Richard Wagner sites in the Graupa hunting lodge

music

Town music was long determined by church music (St. Marien) in terms of tradition and level . In 1950 the music school "Fidelio F. Finke" ("Saxon Switzerland Music School") and three years later the "Staatliche Kreiskulturorchester", later the " Sinfonieorchester Pirna" was founded, which after the merger with the " Elbland Philharmonie Sachsen " (Riesa) is now called "Neue Elbland Philharmonie" operates and performs around 160 concerts a year with an ensemble of 60 musicians.

Buildings

The area of ​​the historic old town around the market and St. Mary's Church is particularly worth seeing. Seat niche portals, fountain basins and one of three formerly built in front of the city gates from the Electoral Saxon post distance columns from the Breite Gasse (Breite Straße / Bundesstraße 172 ), which is located on Jacobäerstraße and is a witness of the sandstone trade . Canaletto depicted them in a well-known painting.

→ Main article : Pirna town hall

The town hall, first mentioned in 1396, with Gothic window and door arches on the ground floor, is influenced by the Renaissance from the first floor to the volute gables (renovation 1555/56). The delicate baroque tower, replaced in 1718, with its double lantern stands in attractive contrast to the massive tower of the nearby Marienkirche. On the east side, below the moon phase clock, the heraldic lions beat against the pear tree every quarter of an hour. Directly opposite is the Canaletto House, made famous by the Pirna veduta series by the painter Canaletto . The house, built in 1520, shows the transition from Gothic to Renaissance and houses the tourist information office.

Other interesting houses are the Löwenapotheke, the Marienhaus and opposite a building with a late Gothic keel arch portal (Am Markt 3). The late Gothic three-aisled hall church of St. Marien was built between 1502 and 1546 over a previous building and impresses with its size. Since 1994, its mighty tower with its baroque dome has once again been home to the only (since 2003, next to the Dresden Frauenkirche ) seven-part bells in the Saxon regional church. In addition to the ten meter high sandstone altarpiece and the baptismal font with 26 small children's figures, which Goethe admired , the figural vault paintings with their many biblical scenes represent a unique gem of sacred painting in the age of the Reformation .

Erlpeter fountain at the boys' school

Next to the church is the reconstructed Mägdleinschule (Kirchplatz 10) from the 15th century, in which the Kuratorium Altstadt Pirna e. V. has its seat. Not far from there is the old boys school (Obere Burgstraße 14) with the Erlpeter fountain on the east wall, newly built in 1908. The name is said to have been derived from the earlier inscription of a well located here in 1384: ex petra (from the rock). Directly opposite hangs the devil's bay (Obere Burgstrasse 1) with the three devilish carrying figures and the inscription: "I WOLDS SO HAVE WAS QUESTIONS". The former Blechschmidthaus (Niedere Burgstrasse 1), built on 300-year-old remains in the middle of the 16th century, with volute gable , Gothic Wendelstein and colored renaissance beam ceiling is within sight . The former builder's house is a hotel.

The buildings in the alleys leading from the market and named after trades include the Rochowsche Haus (Schössergasse 3) with baroque facade painting, the reconstructed Tetzelhaus (Schmiedestraße 19) with a Gothic plank room , which is unique in Europe, and the Engelserkerhaus (Barbiergasse 10) with the bay window and painted wooden beam ceilings of the Renaissance. Behind the richly decorated renaissance portal of today's city ​​library (Dohnaische Straße 76) there is a historic inner courtyard with arcades and parts of the 700 year old city ​​wall next to the hall . The Dominican monastery, founded around 1300, with architecturally remarkable ribbed vaults in the chapter house and first floor houses the city museum. Right next to it is the renovated two-aisled Gothic monastery church of St. Heinrich (Catholic) with significant remains of 600-year-old Secco paintings .

Other places worth seeing are the late Gothic town house, which was redesigned in 1719 for the son Augustus the Strong and his bride in the Dresden Baroque style as the “Herrschaftslogier” (Lange Straße 10), the Happy Festival with the city gallery (Schmiedestraße 8), the former settlement Steinbrecher Am Steinplatz, the Sonnenstein fortress with the terrace gardens on the Schlossberghang, the bastions and the euthanasia memorial. On the day of the open monument , a large number of historically interesting buildings, courtyards and cellars are open to inspection.

In the incorporated districts there are other sights, such as the Richard Wagner Museum in Graupa, the largest Richard Wagner monument in the world in Liebethaler Grund and the over 450-year-old rural palace ,zutendorf (the former ancestral home of the von Carlowitz family ) with hydrangeas -, bonsai , ivy and camellia collection .

A new bridge over the Elbe, the Sachsenbrücke , was built to the west of the city center between 1997 and 1999. At 1,071.5 m, it is the longest road bridge in Saxony .

• 

  Devil's dungeon in Obere Burgstrasse

• 

  Tetzelhaus in Schmiedestrasse

• 

  Detail of a house on the church square

• 

  Portal at the Blechschmidthaus in the Niederen Burgstrasse

• 

  Wilhelminian style development in Gartenstrasse

Memorials

• Cenotaph from 1947 in Grohmannstrasse for all victims of fascism
• Community graves at the Soviet cemetery Rottwerndorfer Strasse / corner of Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Strasse, in which 190 male and 33 female prisoners of war , forced laborers and Red Army soldiers are buried
• Memorial stones in the Dippoldiswalder Strasse cemetery for 80 concentration camp prisoners who perished in an evacuation transport from one of the concentration camp satellite camps , as well as for 73 Jewish prisoners who were thrown as dead from a transport train from Auschwitz and buried here. Next to it is a memorial stone for eight Polish people who had to do forced labor
• Memorial stone on the grounds of the former Nicolai cemetery in memory of 13 unknown concentration camp prisoners who were victims of forced labor
• Memorial stone at the train station from 1970 to commemorate the German-Soviet friendship
• Memorial plaque from 1984 at the old Pirnaer city jail, the Fronfeste, in the Forge 8, commemorating the persecution of political opponents of the system in 1933, which from here in the early concentration camp Hohnstein were deported, but also for the prisoners in 1944 in the Action grid detained were
• Memorial stone from 1966 for four Copitzer resistance fighters on the former Paul-Harnisch-Strasse / corner of Schulstrasse: Siegfried Rädel (murdered in Berlin-Plötzensee in 1943 ), Paul Harnisch (murdered in Dresden in 1945 ), Arthur Pollack (murdered in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1945 ), Albert Barthel ( murdered in Dachau concentration camp in 1942 )
• Commemorative plaques for Siegfried Rädel are on the house where he was born, Birkwitzer Straße 74, and his house at Pirna-Posta No. 3 and were attached to the artificial silk factory and in the Bahratal
• Memorial plaque for Albert Barthel at house number 14 in Pirna-Sonnenstein
• Pirna-Sonnenstein memorial on the subject of euthanasia in Saxony - Campaign T4 on the murder of the handicapped and mentally ill people during the National Socialist era
• The movable memorial of the gray buses by Horst Hoheisel and Andreas Knitz was set up in various German locations; in Pirna it was in Grohmannstrasse from June 2010 to August 2011

Churches and religious communities

According to the 2011 census, 83.2% of the population do not belong to any religious community under public law, 12.7% are members of the Protestant Church and 2.8% are members of the Roman Catholic Church.

Among the religious communities, the evangelical-Lutheran parish of Pirna with the city ​​church of St. Marien , the parish center Pirna-Copitz and the castle church, Beimendorf, has the largest number of members . Pirna-Sonnenstein has its own parish with a community center. In addition, there is the Graupa-Liebethal parish with churches in Graupa and Liebethal.

There is also a Catholic parish in Pirna with the parish church of St. Kunigunde and the monastery church of St. Heinrich.

There is also an Evangelical Free Church community .

In Pirna-Copitz there is an Islamic community center for the Muslims in the area .

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  Evangelical town church "St. Marien"

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  Catholic monastery church "St. Heinrich"

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  Catholic Church "St. Kunigunde"

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  Evangelical village church in Liebethal

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  Evangelical parish church Graupa

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  Evangelical castle church ,zutendorf

Sports and excursion destinations

Excursion destinations in Pirna are the gravel and bathing lake Birkwitz , the indoor and outdoor swimming pool " Geibeltbad Pirna " or the water area Pirna . The sports clubs include VfL Pirna-Copitz 07, ESV Lokomotive, SV Progress Pirna and 1. FC Pirna, founded in 2012. There is also the association of the DLRG "Obere Elbe" Pirna.

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  Geibelt bath

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  Sports swimming pool in Seminarstrasse

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  Sports facility of the ESV Lok Pirna on Einsteinstrasse

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  Athletics stadium Am Kohlberg

Regular events

The town festival, the “Pirnaer Bar” and the “Pirnaer Hofnacht” take place regularly in Pirna. During the court night, private courtyards of the Pirna town houses are usually opened and a cultural program is offered. There is also the "Market of Cultures" and the "Beach Festival" at the gravel and bathing lake Birkwitz.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

railroad

On July 31, 1848, the first section of the Elbe Valley Railway was put into operation between Pirna and Dresden . The railway line , which was opened in 1875, branches off at Pirna station in the direction of Kamenz . From 1880 to 1999 the Gottleubatalbahn branched off here to Bad Gottleuba . From this, in turn, the railway line to Großcotta branched off at Pirna Süd station from 1894 to 1999 . In addition, there was a railway line to Herrenleite from 1907 to 1998 , which was used exclusively for freight traffic.

Pirna is now connected to the S1 and S2 lines of the Dresden S-Bahn with stops at Pirna train station and at Obervogelgesang (S1 only). From Pirna train station there is therefore an approximate quarter of an hour to Dresden. Furthermore, the RB71 of the Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn begins in Pirna, which runs from Pirna via Dürrröhrsdorf and Neustadt to Sebnitz .

Major roads

Motorway feeder with the Sachsenbrücke in the background

The oldest important street for Pirna is the former Reichsstraße / Fernverkehrsstraße 172, since 1990 federal highway 172 , which originally led from Dresden via Heidenau to Pirna. Since 2005 the Federal Motorway 17 has been running from Dresden past Pirna to Prague. A four-lane feeder connects Pirna to this motorway and continues north over the Sachsenbrücke . The old B172 has meanwhile been downgraded between Dresden and the junction with the Sachsenbrücke to state road 172, the motorway feeder is now run as the B172. The construction of a southern bypass of the B172 is currently being prepared; the planning approval decision for this was issued at the end of 2015.

Air and Elbe ship traffic

In Pirna there is the Pirna-Pratzschwitz airfield , the large commercial airport in Dresden is about 15 km away. In the Elbe ship traffic, Pirna has a landing stage for the Saxon Steamship and a ferry connection between Pirna and Pirna-Copitz, which is operated by the regional traffic Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains.

Transportation

The local public transport is largely operated by the regional traffic Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains. Through this there are the following seven lines in the city traffic of Pirna:

• G / L Stadtmitte - Copitz-West - Liebethal - Graupa (- Birkwitz - Pratzschwitz) - Copitz-West - Stadtmitte
• H / S Pirna-Sonnenstein - city center - Heidenau - Dresden-Prohlis and back
• H / S2 (formerly U) city center - Postweg - Pirna-Sonnenstein and back
• M Stadtmitte - Mockethal - North industrial area - Birkwitzer Straße and back
• N Bus station / train station - Südvorstadt - Neundorf and back
• P City center - Pratzschwitz - Birkwitz - Dresden-Pillnitz and back
• Z Stadtmitte - Anbendorf - Dohma - Zehista - Stadtmitte

In addition, 16 regional transport lines open up the city of Pirna and connect it with the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district. There is also a line from Jurk Bad Gottleuba and two lines from Müller Busreisen from Stolpen in regional transport .

Economic structure and resident companies

Edelstahlwerke Schmees

Minda KTSN Plastic Solutions GmbH & Co. KG

In terms of the number of jobs available locally, the business location Pirna has developed positively in recent years. In 2016, 14,383 jobs subject to social security contributions were counted in the city (2010: 13,907 jobs). The economic structure is determined by the health and social services (2016: 3,175 jobs), the manufacturing industry (2016: 1,951 jobs) and public administration (2016: 1,736 jobs).

The city's largest employer is the Pirna Clinic of Helios Kliniken (formerly Rhön-Klinikum AG) with around 750 employees (as of 2018). The clinic acts as the academic teaching hospital of the University Clinic Dresden and has 384 ward beds and 16 day clinic places in the field of psychiatry at two locations in the city. Another important employer in the social sector is the "Sächsische Schweiz" senior center with approx. 250 employees (as of 2018). The manufacturing industry is characterized by small and medium-sized companies. Important employers here are LITRONIK Batterietechnologie GmbH with around 280 employees (as of 2018), Edelstahlwerke Schmees GmbH with around 180 employees (as of 2018), Minda KTSN Plastic Solutions GmbH & Co.KG, a manufacturer of plastic parts for the automotive industry , with around 320 employees (as of 2018) and FEP Fahrzeugelektrik Pirna GmbH & Co.KG with around 450 employees (as of 2017). In addition, there is a branch of the chemical company Schill + Seilacher with around 120 employees in the Neundorf district. There was an explosion here in December 2014, in which an employee was killed.

The innovative strength of the companies based in Pirna is remarkable. LITRONIK Batterietechnologie GmbH is one of the world's few manufacturers of compact batteries for active implants . FEP Fahrzeugelektrik Pirna GmbH & Co.KG is the leading manufacturer of oil pressure switches in Europe and the main supplier of oil pressure switches for the Volkswagen Group . DENQBAR GmbH, located in the Sonnenstein district, is a manufacturer of inverter power generators, one of which was awarded the German Design Award 2016 (as of 2016).

Other institutions that are also important for the labor market can be found in the area of ​​public administration. The most important employer here is the administration of the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district , which employs around 490 people in Pirna. The district office has been located in the premises of Schloss Sonnenstein since December 2011 .

The headquarters of the state dam administration of the Free State of Saxony (LTV), which employs around 800 people throughout Saxony (as of 2015) , is also located in Pirna . The LTV operates, manages and administers the dams owned by the State of Saxony for the water supply and flood protection.

The Federal Police Department Pirna responsible from here the control for nearly 600 km border length to the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic, and nearly 7,900 kilometers of track between Deutsche Bahn and over 1,300 stations and stops.

The core administration of the city administration of Pirna employs around 200 people, not including subsidiaries.

Another important employer in the public service is the tax office for the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains with approx. 280 employees.The tax office has been located in the renovated complex of the Johann Siegmund von Liebenau Liebenausch Vorwerk since 2016 .

Other public institutions

In addition to the public administration facilities mentioned, Pirna is the seat of a local court, a police station and an employment agency. The technical relief organization has a local branch in Pirna. This is subordinate to the THW regional association Saxony-Thuringia, based in Altenburg. The regional office of THW Jugend Sachsen is based in Pirna.

media

Since July 2005, the local television station Pirna-TV (PTV) has been broadcasting weekly updated local news on politics, art, culture, business and sport. The Sächsische Zeitung has a local editorial office in Pirna.

education

There is a diverse educational and care landscape in Pirna.

The city has 17 day-care centers or similar facilities; In addition, six primary schools offer after- school care for pupils from 1st to 4th grade . Classes (as of 2015). Several day care centers have been newly built or completely renovated in recent years, including a. the daycare center "Naseweis" in the Südvorstadt (new building 2010), the daycare center "Schlumpfenhaus" on the Sonnenstein (renovation 2010) and the daycare center "Schatzfinder" in Birkwitz (new building 2013). The replacement of the “Regenbogen” daycare center is currently being built in Graupa . The network of day care centers is supplemented by over 20 day care centers (status 04/2015).

Overall, the day-care centers currently offer the capacity to care for 379 children in the crèche area , 1105 children in the kindergarten and 1091 children in after-school care centers. There are also 79 places in child day care (as of the 2014/2015 school year).

The primary level in the education system comprises seven primary schools , including a private Protestant school (as of 04/2015). The school locations are in the city center (GS “Gotthold Ephraim Lessing”, Protestant GS), in Copitz (Diesterweg GS), on the Sonnenstein and in the rural districts of Graupa, Neundorf and Zehista . The seven primary schools are currently attended by around 1200 children (as of the 2014/2015 school year).

With the secondary school "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe" (city center), the secondary school "Carl Friedrich Gauß" (Sonnenstein), the secondary school "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi" (Copitz) and a private Protestant secondary school (Südvorstadt), the city has four secondary schools (stand 04/2015), which are currently attended by approx. 900 students (excluding the Protestant middle school) (as of the 2014/2015 school year).

In addition, the Herder-Gymnasium (Copitz) and the Schiller-Gymnasium (city center) are two upper secondary schools, which are currently attended by approx. 1,300 students (as of the 2014/2015 school year). In addition, the Protestant middle school was expanded in 2014 to include a vocational high school for health and social affairs.

The Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district is responsible for the Vocational School Center for Technology and Economics (Copitz), the "Dr. Pienitz School" for mentally handicapped children (city center), the "Kurt Krenz" school for learning support (Sonnenstein) and the school for educational assistance "Dr. Heinrich Hoffmann" (Sonnenstein).

The school landscape is completed by further, partly private, educational and further training institutions. These include the “Saxon Switzerland” music school, the adult education center and the Academy of European Business Dr. Hirsch GmbH , in Copitz the vocational school for geriatric care and the vocational school for social affairs as well as the special education school in Bonnewitz.

The TU Dresden operates the Institute for Waste Management and Contaminated Sites in a branch in Copitz .

The school locations have been extensively modernized in recent years. The construction work included a. the renovation of the Lessing-GS (2009–2011, costs approx. 3.2 million euros), the renovation of the historic Küttner villa as the seat of the music school “Saxon Switzerland” (2008–2011, costs 4.7 million euros), the Replacement building for the Krenz special needs school (2009–2011, cost 7.2 million euros), the replacement building for the Hoffmann special needs school (2009–2011, cost 6.2 million euros) and the replacement building for the Gauß-OS as a passive house (2012–2014, Cost 8.2 million euros).

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  Catholic children's home “St. Joseph"

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  Primary School "Gotthold Ephraim Lessing"

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  "Friedrich Schiller" high school

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  Music school "Saxon Switzerland"

Personalities

→ Main article : List of personalities from the city of Pirna

Honorary citizen

According to the guideline for granting honorary citizenship of the city (large district town) Pirna , honorary citizenship ends with death.

Current honorary citizenships

• Francesco Friedrich (* 1990) - bobsleigh driver, multiple world champion and Olympic champion, made an honorary citizen on November 26, 2018
• Ingeburg Fülfe (* 1931) - puppeteer, made an honorary citizen on March 11, 1965 together with her husband Heinz

Former honorary citizenships (incomplete)

• Emil Beck, Councilor, founder of the city hospital, made an honorary citizen in 1880
• Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), politician, Chancellor of the German Empire , made an honorary citizen in 1885
• Heinz Fülfe (1920–1994), puppeteer, made an honorary citizen on March 11, 1965 together with his wife Ingeburg
• Karl Grumpelt (1920–1998), director of the city museum for many years, honorary citizen since 1995
• Georg Haak (1901–1977), communist, member of the Saxon state parliament, honorary citizen since 1966
• Margareta Haak (1907–2001), sister of Siegfried Rädel , honorary citizen since 1987
• Gustav Haensel (1841–1923), councilor, entrepreneur, city councilor, made an honorary citizen in 1923
• Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Hoch († 1869), royal Saxon district doctor, made an honorary citizen in 1862
• Werner Kruschwitz (1914–2010), Colonel of the NVA , honorary citizen since October 5, 1989
• Karl Friedrich Moritz Pienitz, mayor, made an honorary citizen in 1883
• Rudolf von der Planitz, Major a. D., 1st Commander of the Municipal Guard, made an honorary citizen in 1833
• Werner Schmidt (1930–2010), honorary citizen since May 15, 2010 for his commitment to promoting art and culture
• Eva Schulze-Knabe (1907–1976), painter, honorary citizen since 1972
• Max Zimmering (1909–1973), writer and editor, honorary citizen since 1971

Trivia

Every year in September the amateur play "Theophilus Jacobäer, the savior of the city of Pirna" is performed on the market square. An amateur theater commemorates the events surrounding the saving of the city during the Thirty Years' War by the pharmacist Theophilus Jacobär. In 2006, the city's annual amateur play inspired the series " Pastor Brown : No Words to Die" for a murder on the stage during the theater performance. In the series with Ottfried Fischer as Pastor Braun, the annual amateur play takes place in the fictional community of Liebwitz in Saxon Switzerland.

dialect

A specific form of the Saxon dialect is spoken in Pirna : the Southeast Meissniche , which is one of the five Meissnian dialects .

• Pirnsche voice sample: "... If you go back to heme kumm, you have to go to the Girchblatz to the Girche again and to the Gnabnschule e a little Erl Betrwassr nibbm. At this point I have to mention that under the acquisition it says: 'Didn't hate money in your Dasche, then drink with me from my bottle.' Although I only wanted to clarify a little, the time went on like it was advancing, and finally I never got down to it that I wanted to listen more. ... "

• Vocabulary examples
  • there I have: there huh
  • now I go: now go
  • I can: the kannsch
  • now i need: now needsch
  • yes: nu
  • done: färdsch

See also

• Other flood events in Pirna
• List of natural monuments in Pirna

literature

• Pirna and its surroundings (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 9). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1966.
• W. Bachmann, W. Hentschel: The city of Pirna. The art monuments of the Free State of Saxony Vol. 1. Wilhelm Limpert-Verlag, Dresden 1929
• Richard Flachs (Ed.): Petermanns Pirnsche Chronik . Pirna 1914.
• Jürgen Helfricht : Magical Pirna. Husum printing and publishing company. Husum 2019, ISBN 978-3-89876-978-5
• Wolfgang Hensel, Gerd J. Pohl (preface): Kasper's way from east to west . Memories of the 'Pirna Puppeteers'. Roehl, Dettelbach 2008, ISBN 978-3-89754-301-0 ( reading sample (PDF) 26 pages 2.25 MB - memoirs of the real creator of the sandman (West)).
• Reinhold Hofmann: On the history of the city of Pirna. Publishing house Georg Glöckner. Pirna 1891
• Reinhold Hofmann: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. In: Contributions to the history of the church in Saxony, vol. 8. Leipzig 1893. pp. 1–329.
• Ralf Kluttig-Altmann, Karsten Lehmann: Pirna. City and castle in the Middle Ages. ARCHAEONAUT No. 11, Dresden 2013
• Board of Trustees Gedenkstätte Sonnenstein e. V. and Saxon State Center for Political Education (ed.): National Socialist Euthanasia Crimes in Saxony. Contributions to their processing. Pirna 1996.
• Alfred Meiche: Historical-topographical description of the Pirna administration. Dresden 1927
• Otto Meltzer: A look back at Pirna's past. Pirna history sheets issue 1, Pirna 1924
• René Misterek: Pirna - as it was. Droste, Düsseldorf 1996, ISBN 3-7700-1068-X .
• Heinz Quinger : Pirna. Art-historical appreciation of an old Saxon city. Dresden / Berlin / Basel 1993
• Thomas Schilter: Inhuman discretion. The National Socialist “euthanasia” killing center in Pirna-Sonnenstein 1940/41. In: Series of publications by the Saxon Memorials Foundation in memory of the victims of political tyranny, Vol. 5, Leipzig 1998.
• Werner Schmidt (ed.): Bernardo Bellotto , called Canaletto, in Pirna and at the Königstein fortress . 2nd, revised edition. Canaletto Forum Pirna e. V., Pirna 2000, ISBN 3-00-007126-1 .
• Georg Schmitt: Pirna. The old town renovation from 1990 to 2010. Pirna 2010
• Richard Steche : Pirna. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 1. Booklet: Official Authority Pirna . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1882, p. 56 ff.
• Albrecht Sturm: Canaletto city of Pirna. 1500–1800 reflections on the history of urban construction. Petersberg 1998.
• Albrecht Sturm: Pirna city guide. Pirna 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-026671-3
• Johannes Uhlmann: Chronicle of the city of Pirna. Berlin 1938.
• Association of those persecuted by the Nazi regime Bund der Antifaschisten e. V. (Ed.): Our home under the swastika. A contribution to National Socialist tyranny. Persecution and anti-fascist resistance in the administrative authority and the Pirna district from 1933 to 1945. Developed by Boris Bohm, Günter Endler, Rudolf Hajny, Hugo Jensch, Günter Kosmol, and Heinz Ruscher. 368 pages, Pirna 2003, ISBN 3-00-011998-1 .

Font series

• Pirna miniatures. Pirna (11 issues have appeared irregularly since 2012)
• Kuratorium Altstadt e. V. (Hrsg.): Pirnaer Hefte - contributions to town and regional history, building history and monument preservation. Pirna. (8 issues were published irregularly up to 2015, the exact contents can be found on [1] )
• Pirnaer Geschichtsverein (publisher): Messages from the association for the history of the city of Pirna or Pirnaer Geschichtsblätter (13 issues appeared irregularly between 1897 and 1939)
• Publication series of the Pirna City Museum: Historical and local history articles from Pirna and the surrounding area (from 2015: Pirnaer Museumhefte , up to 2015 14 issues were published irregularly)
• Series of publications by the Kuratorium Sonnenstein e. V .: Contributions to the history of the sunstone and Saxon Switzerland. Pirna. (10 issues were published irregularly until 2012)

Web links

Commons : Pirna  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Pirna  - sources and full texts

Wikivoyage: Pirna  - travel guide

• Website of the city of Pirna
• Pirna in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Literature about Pirna in the Saxon Bibliography
• Contributions to the history of Pirna (by Hugo Jensch)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Map of Bohemia
3. ↑ See Hofmann, Reinhold: Reformation history of the city of Pirna . In: Contributions to the Saxon Church History, Vol. 8, Leipzig 1893. P. 25
4. ↑ See Hofmann, Reinhold: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. In: Contributions to the Saxon church history. Vol. 8, Leipzig 1893. p. 23
5. ↑ See Reinhold Hofmann: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. In: Contributions to the Saxon church history. Vol. 8, Leipzig 1893. p. 36
6. ↑ “You are a haughty monch, arrogance went with you to the ordin; Eat who better you had a bundled Dornes Jn put the caps, and the arrogance here also geloczin. You are eyn furfurer des folcks etc. I have preached, like that not mirackel, abloss vnd hiligtum knowledgeable sall an orlawb furfural stules etc., that the folk was not energized and furfured. Make use of the fact that you are not doing as your father did, who were burned there, who were also Lester and you were the juncfraw Marie when you were one. Those are burned to Bern, who have been to the tewffel irgebin hattin, with their own blood forcreting foreverk are to be, he should be yn helping her shawl furbrengin. You preach to other people that she should fastin, thou hast sat and had roast fish for them, vnd Zweyerley Weyn vndt bir, vndt roasted Hunner. Heard that your spiritual was due, that you salst the night off the gassin vmblauffin do be already in frawin, wiltu she schendin. You do the same with deynem heyligthum as one who has dreyackel fel, lofft zcu, lofft zcu, myss with leffelin. I have given you a tear in the miracle signs, I will also give you a tear in the indulgence, whom you know vil indulge. You read breast bylde schnytzen heyligthum eynzcufassen, where did you take the heyligthum? Who hid it. Anyone who is lighter but phennigk darzcu is doing nothing. ”Quoted from: Reinhold Hoffmann: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. In: Contributions to the Saxon church history. Vol. 8. Leipzig 1893. pp. 37/38.
7. ↑ Cf. Robert Dittrich: The end of the Pirna monastery. A contribution to church politics in post-Reformation Saxony. In: Display in the Pirna City Archives.
8. ↑ "Kunigstein, a wonderful mountain, free everywhere, on the Elben, [...] Thereupon (MVCXVI) the high-born prince Jorge czu Sachssen out of Christian devotion [...] at his own cost a closter czu bawen, there the Celestine brother of Oybin padded. [...] But (MVCXXIIII) the Munche were pretended with the Luterian sects, names what they could get rid of, lost their names and called the escape a kegen Wittenberg. ”Quoted from: Saxonica; Misnica et Thuringiaca ex monarchi pirnensis seu, vero nomine; Johannis Lindneri sive tillani onomastico autographo, quid exstat in bibliotheca senatoria Lipensi. In: JO: Burchardus Menckie NJJ .: Scriptores Rerum Germaniacum Praecipve Saxonicarum. Tomus II. Leipzig 1728. Fol. 1573.
9. ^ Hofmann: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. P. 45
10. ^ Hofmann: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. P. 27
11. ↑ Simon Issbleib: Duke Heinrich as Protestant prince 1537–1541. In: Contributions to the Saxon church history. Vol. 19, Leipzig 1905. p. 160
12. ↑ Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Vol. II. Document: 218, from July 22, 1539.
13. ^ Reinhold Hofmann: Reformation history of the city of Pirna. In: Contributions to the Saxon church history. Vol. 8, Leipzig 1893. p. 46
14. ↑ Enno Bünz : The end of the monasteries. In: Harald Marx, Celine Hollfeld (ed.): Belief and power. Saxony in Europe during the Reformation. Essays on the 2nd Saxon State Exhibition. Torgau 2003. p. 87
15. ↑ Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Vol. II. Document: 226, from July 29, 1548.
16. ^ Georg Schmitt: Pirna, the old town renovation from 1990 to 2010.
17. ↑ ^{a b} Pirnaer Anzeiger No. 22/2010
18. ^ Fügner: Flood protection in Saxony. SMUL, May 2002
19. ↑ Pirnaer Anzeiger No. 04/2009
20. ^ Units and units of the Saxon Army. Main State Archive Dresden , accessed on December 25, 2014 . 
21. ↑ Hermann Sczepansky: What happened in Posta? (Ulanenkmal 1911). KV, Sept. 1961, pp. 3-5
22. ^ Stadtwerke plus, customer magazine of Stadtwerke Pirna, December 2011
23. ↑ E-Werk Elbtalzentrale Pirna ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
24. ↑ Elbtalzentrale ( Memento of the original dated February 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
25. ↑ Pirnaer Anzeiger 15/2011
26. ↑ from the time of National Socialism: Chronicle 1938
27. ↑ Pascal Cziborra: KZ Dresden Striesen. The family camp Bernsdorf & Co. in Schandauer Str. 68. Lorbeer Verlag. Bielefeld 2013
28. ↑ Website of the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Retrieved July 6, 2016. 
29. ↑ The Pirna District in World War II. Bombardments pp. 39-43 and 63
30. ↑ Falk Jurkiewicz: Conversion of the Elbtalzentrale Pirna electrical works. (PDF; 2.2 MB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 7, 2014 ; accessed on May 1, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
31. ↑ Hartmut U. Hallek: City in misery, city in happiness. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 14, 2009
32. ↑ Pirna verkehrte Welt , Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) of October 5, 2015
33. ^ RKW Sachsen general assembly, annual conference & summer party. In: RKW Sachsen Wirtschaftsbrief July / August 2011 edition. Retrieved December 25, 2014 . 
34. ↑ Inauguration of the new Pirna Clinic. Retrieved May 1, 2015 . 
35. ↑ Homepage Klinikum Pirna GmbH - History of the Klinikum Pirna ( Memento from October 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
36. ^ Hospital plan Saxony 2012/13 ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.2 MB)
37. ↑ Homepage Helios Klinikum Pirna (accessed on November 12, 2014)
38. ↑ Damage balance of the flood of the century in the large district town of Pirna
39. ↑ The Extremism Steering Group takes stock - the number of politically motivated acts of violence at the lowest level. Press release from the city of Pirna on July 2, 2012
40. ↑ Resistance against Nazis works. Sächsische Zeitung (Freital edition) of July 3, 2012
41. ^ Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie (Ed.): Event analysis flood June 2013. Dresden 2014, p. 32 ( digitized version )
42. ↑ Flood damage balance of the large district town Pirna: June flood causes damage amounting to 69 million euros
43. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
44. ↑ ^{a b} StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
45. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Pirna in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
46. ↑ Pirna | News | Population development 1985–2015. In: www.pirna.de. Retrieved January 6, 2017 . 
47. ↑ Election results of the 2014 state elections in Pirna at www.statistik.sachsen.de (accessed October 1, 2014)
48. ↑ Lord Mayor Markus Ulbig appointed Minister of the Interior of Saxony , Sept. 30, 2009
49. ^ Result of the election of the new mayor on January 17, 2010 in Pirna. (PDF) Retrieved May 1, 2015 . 
50. ↑ http://www.dnn.de/Region/Umland/Pirna-vertraut-weiter-auf-OB-Hanke
51. ↑ State Statistical Office Saxony - Municipal Council Election 2019 City of Pirna
52. ↑ Stadtverwaltung Pirna: Mission Statement 2015/2016  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
53. ↑ Homepage of the Pirna Clinic (accessed August 11, 2018)
54. ↑ Homepage Seniors Center Saxon Switzerland (accessed on August 11, 2018)
55. ↑ Homepage LITRONIK GmbH (accessed on August 11, 2018)
56. ↑ Homepage Edelstahlwerke Schmees GmbH (accessed on August 11, 2018)
57. ^ " A piece of Pirna in VW, BMW and Mercedes ", Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) of August 10, 2018
58. ^ " Vehicle electrics relies on electric cars ", Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) from September 22, 2017.
59. ↑ A dead person in an explosion in Pirna. In: Saxon newspaper . December 1, 2014, accessed December 25, 2014 . 
60. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
61. ↑ The scaffolding is falling at Sonnenstein Castle , Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) from July 20, 2011 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
62. ↑ State dam administration of the Free State of Saxony (accessed on September 6, 2015)
63. ↑ Bundespolizeidirektion Pirna ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed December 13, 2011) 
64. ↑ http://www.lcs-schlieben.de/index.php/cc-dms-anwenderbericht/145-einfuehrung-cc-dms-in-der-stadt-pirna (accessed on September 6, 2015)
65. ↑ Press release of the city of Pirna from April 2, 2014 (accessed on September 6, 2014)
66. ↑ day care centers. City of Pirna, accessed April 30, 2015 . 
67. ↑ ^{a b} Mission statement reports of the city of Pirna 2008ff. City of Pirna, accessed April 30, 2015 . 
68. ↑ Day care centers in Pirna. (PDF) (No longer available online.) City of Pirna, formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 30, 2015 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
69. ↑ Daycare requirements planning 2014/2015. (PDF) (No longer available online.) City of Pirna, formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 30, 2015 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
70. ↑ Primary schools in Pirna. City of Pirna, accessed April 30, 2015 . 
71. ↑ ^{a b c} School database Saxony. Free State of Saxony, accessed April 30, 2015 . 
72. ↑ Secondary schools in Pirna. City of Pirna, accessed April 30, 2015 . 
73. ^ High schools in Pirna. City of Pirna, accessed April 30, 2015 . 
74. ^ TU Dresden, Institute for Waste Management and Contaminated Sites
75. ↑ Bobsleigh Olympic champion made an honorary citizen , Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) of November 27, 2018
76. ↑ ^{a b} Pirnaer Anzeiger 1/1995, p. 7
77. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Pirnaer Anzeiger from January 17, 1934
78. ↑ Karl Grumpelt - honorary citizen of our city , in: Pirnaer Anzeiger 20/1995, p. 13/14
79. ↑ Cenotaphs, memorials, memorials and memorials of the labor movement and the anti-fascist resistance struggle in the Pirna district, 2nd revised edition, 1984 (PDF; 800 kB)
80. ↑ Barbara Stohn: Ortschronik February 2010 (PDF (p. 19); 1.9 MB) Große Kreisstadt Pirna, p. 18 , accessed on December 25, 2014 . 
81. ↑ Prof. Werner Schmidt becomes an honorary citizen. May 4, 2010, accessed on December 25, 2014 (press release from the city of Pirna). 
82. ↑ programm.ard.de
83. ↑ https://katalogbeta.slub-dresden.de/id/0-796585709/