Lufthansa Group

Deutsche Lufthansa AG is a redirect to this article. For information on the airline Lufthansa and other meanings, see Deutsche Lufthansa (explanation of terms ) .

Lufthansa Group
legal form	Corporation
ISIN	DE0008232125
founding	January 6, 1953
Seat	Cologne , Germany
management	Carsten Spohr (CEO) Christina Foerster Harry Hohmeister Detlef Kayser Michael Niggemann Karl-Ludwig Kley ( Chairman of the Supervisory Board )
Number of employees	138,353
sales	36.4 billion euros (2019)
Branch	aviation
Website	lufthansagroup.com
As of December 31, 2019

The German Lufthansa AG is a German airline based in Cologne . The entire group now appears as the Lufthansa Group .

With regard to Lufthansa , which was still a state-owned airline until the mid-1990s, Deutsche Lufthansa AG is both the parent company and the largest single operating company in the group. Other parts of the Lufthansa Group today include the airlines Swiss , Austrian Airlines , Eurowings and Brussels Airlines . The group also includes air freight with Lufthansa Cargo , maintenance with Lufthansa Technik and catering with LSG Sky Chefs . The company also operates training centers for pilots and flight attendants as well as various IT companies with Lufthansa Aviation Training .

In terms of the number of passengers carried, the Lufthansa Group, with its various subsidiaries, is the largest airline in Europe . In the Forbes Global 2000 of the world's largest listed companies, Deutsche Lufthansa AG ranks 372nd and fourth among airlines (as of the 2017 financial year). Deutsche Lufthansa AG shares were listed in the DAX share index until June 21, 2020 . It will be listed in the MDAX from June 22, 2020 . She is the initiator and founding member of the Star Alliance aviation alliance .

history

→ Main article : History of Lufthansa

Today's Deutsche Lufthansa AG was founded in 1953 as a public limited company for air traffic requirements (LUFTAG) and renamed Deutsche Lufthansa AG in 1954 following the acquisition of the rights to the traditional company name Lufthansa . The company took up scheduled flight operations on April 1, 1955. Until 1963, Deutsche Lufthansa AG was almost 100 percent state-owned. Until 1994 it was the official flag carrier of the Federal Republic of Germany . Deutsche Lufthansa AG has been completely privatized since 1997 . Since September 1997 Lufthansa has been issuing registered shares with restricted transferability in order to provide the proof required in air transport agreements and EU directives that the majority of Lufthansa shares are in German hands.

Since the mid-1990s, Deutsche Lufthansa AG has developed into today's aviation group with various business areas that are run as independent subsidiaries, including airfreight in Lufthansa Cargo AG , aircraft maintenance in Lufthansa Technik AG and catering in LSG Service Holding AG . Since the mid-2000s, Deutsche Lufthansa AG has also taken over several European airlines, including Swiss International Air Lines , Austrian Airlines , Brussels Airlines , Air Dolomiti , Eurowings , parts of Air Berlin and, at times, British Midland Airways .

Today's company is not the legal successor to a "first" company called Deutsche Luft Hansa AG, founded in Berlin in 1926 , which was influenced by the Nazis from 1933 and which ceased flight operations at the end of World War II in 1945 (final liquidation in 1951 by the Allies ).

Corporate structure

While the group (Lufthansa Group) including Lufthansa Passenger Airlines is directly managed by Deutsche Lufthansa AG under company law, its legally independent subsidiaries are managed indirectly via the local supervisory and executive bodies.

Lufthansa headquarters in Cologne ( location )

With the six departments of CEO, Commercial Network Airlines, Digital & Finance, Airline Resources & Operations Standards, Customer & Corporate Responsibility as well as Human Resources, Legal and M&A, the Group Management Board controls the entire corporate group. Carsten Spohr has been the CEO since May 1, 2014 , succeeding Christoph Franz . Karl-Ludwig Kley has been the Chairman of the Supervisory Board since September 2017 . The company's headquarters and headquarters are in Cologne , but business is managed in the Lufthansa Aviation Center at Frankfurt Airport , which opened in 2005 . All departments related to the operational business are housed there. The head office in Cologne, the new building of which was opened in Cologne-Deutz in 2007 , houses around 800 employees from the finance department. The other departments were relocated from Cologne to Frankfurt as early as the 1980s, partly against the resistance of employees.

In 2018, the group employed an average of 134,330 people. At the end of 2007 there were 105,261 employees with 155 nationalities (in Germany 64,434 employees with 126 nationalities). The Lufthansa Group is one of the companies in the civil aviation industry with a significant increase in staff. Unlike many other (former) flag carriers in Europe, the majority of the company is privately owned. With more than 400 group and affiliated companies worldwide, it is one of the largest groups in the civil aviation industry.

The activities of Deutsche Lufthansa AG are divided into three business areas :

• Network Airlines , with Lufthansa Passage, Swiss International Airlines, Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines;
• Eurowings (point-to-point airlines);
• Aviation Services ( freight , technology , catering , IT services ), with Lufthansa Cargo, Lufthansa Technik, LSG Sky Chefs, Lufthansa Systems and others.

In addition to the subsidiaries operating under various brand names in scheduled air traffic, such as Eurowings, Swiss, Brussels Airlines or Austrian Airlines, as well as the airlines of the Lufthansa Regional umbrella brand, there are holdings in several foreign airlines. The group also has service and finance companies . The airline Condor , which once belonged to Lufthansa , was spun off from the group in 1997 and sold in 2006, but retained its membership in the Lufthansa frequent flyer program Miles & More .

In 2007 a reform program was announced, under which the until then relatively independent management areas of purchasing, controlling and real estate management of the larger subsidiaries (such as Lufthansa Technik and Lufthansa Cargo ) were centralized.

In international air traffic , the group is among the IATA airlines in the top 10 largest airlines, depending on the calculation method. However, it is surpassed in almost all areas by large US companies.

→ Main article : List of the largest airlines in the world

Corporate governance

Board

(As of April 8, 2020)

Business area	Surname	Position since (member since)	previous position
Chairman & Finance	Carsten Spohr	May 1, 2014 (January 1, 2011)	CEO, Lufthansa Passenger Airlines
Airline Resources & Operations Standards	Detlef Kayser	1st January 2019	Executive Vice President Strategy & Fleet, Lufthansa Group
Commercial passenger airlines	Harry Hohmeister	January 1, 2020 (July 1, 2013)	Chief Executive Officer , Swiss
Customer, IT & Corporate Responsibility	Christina Foerster	January 1, 2020	Chief Executive Officer, Brussels Airlines
Human Resources, Legal and M&A	Michael Niggemann	January 1, 2020	Chief Financial Officer, Swiss

Corporate development

Basic data

Basic data	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009
Flight operations
Passengers (million)	145.2	142.3	129.3	109.7	107.7	106.0	104.6	103.6	100.6	92.7	77.3
Available seat kilometers (million)	359,567	349,489	322.875	286,555	273.975	268.104	262,682	260.169	258.263	234.377	208.226
Seat kilometers sold (million)	296,511	284,561	261.149	226,639	220.396	213,643	209,649	205.015	200,376	186,452	162.286
Seat load factor (%)	82.5	81.4	80.9	79.1	80.4	80.1	79.8	78.8	77.6	79.6	77.9
Offered freight tonne-kilometers (million)	17,378	16,431	15,754	15,117	14,971	14,659	14,893	13,749	16,260	15,298	14,372
Sold freight tonne-kilometers (million)	10,664	10,907	10,819	10,071	9,930	10,249	10,285	10,240	10,861	10,429	8,706
Freight load factor (%)	61.4	66.4	68.7	66.6	66.3	69.9	69.1	69.4	66.8	68.2	60.6
Flights (number)	1,177,315	1,228,920	1,128,745	1,021,919	1,003,660	1,001,961	1,028,260	1,067,362	1,050,728	1,008,988	899.928
Commercial aircraft (number)	763	763	728	617	600	615	622	627	697	710	722
Employee
Employees (annual average)	138,353	134,330	128,856	123.287	119,559	118,973	117,414	118,368	119.084	117.066	112,320
Finances
Sales (million EUR)	36,424	35,844	35,579	31,660	32,056	30,011	30,027	30,135	28,734	26,459	22,283
Earnings before income taxes (EUR million)	1,860	2,784	3.158	2,248	2,026	180	546	1,296	446	1,134	-134
Group result (EUR million)	1,213	2.163	2,340	1,776	1,698	55	313	1,228	-13	1,131	-34
Return on sales (%)	5.1	7.8	8.9	7.1	6.3	0.6	1.8	4.3	1.6	4.3	-0.6

profitability

With a return on sales (operating margin) of 8.64%, Lufthansa was in the midfield of its most important European competitors in 2018. While Ryanair and IAG achieved significantly higher returns and Turkish Airlines and Easyjet were on a comparable level, Air France - KLM lagged behind Lufthansa. Due to the corona crisis , the company recorded an operating loss of 1.2 billion euros in the first quarter of 2020.

2018	Operating margin	Net Profit Margin	Return on investment
Ryanair	16.81%	14.69%	12.54%
IAG	15.07%	11.87%	17.16%
Turkish Airlines	9.26%	5.86%	5.11%
Lufthansa	8.64%	6.4%	9.43%
Easyjet	7.8%	6.07%	7.75%
Air France-KLM	4.98%	1.49%	2.29%

Shareholder / share

In 1966 the Lufthansa share was first traded on the stock exchange. The state initially retained the majority. In the 1990s, the public sector reduced its share from over 50 percent to 34 percent. Lufthansa has been completely privatized since 1997.

The Deutsche Lufthansa AG share is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and was part of the DAX . Around 475 million shares have been issued . After 32 years in the DAX, the share was relegated to the MDAX on June 22, 2020 .

According to a statement from the Lufthansa Group, the Federal Republic of Germany is the largest single shareholder in Lufthansa with 20.05% of the voting rights (as of July 9, 2020).

The shares of Deutsche Lufthansa AG are issued as registered shares with restricted transferability in accordance with the Aviation Proof Security Act , which has been in force at Lufthansa since September 1997 , which enables the group of shareholders to be controlled. According to the state operating license , the share of shareholders who are not EU citizens as natural persons or who are legal entities outside the EU may not exceed 50 percent of the company's capital. Since the international, non-European air traffic rights were also granted under this condition, the company is obliged to provide evidence that the 50 percent mark will not be exceeded and that the company is under German or European control.

Ownership structure by nationality	proportion of
Germany	85.2%
United States	4.5%
Luxembourg	1.8%
Great Britain	1.8%
Rest	6.7%

Voting rights with a reported share of min. 3%	Share (in percent)
Heinz Hermann Thiele	15.52%
Federal Republic of Germany (Economic Stabilization Fund)	20.05%

The free float is 100% according to the Deutsche Börse AG standard.

Business areas

Network Airlines

As network airlines Airlines are referred to its traffic through hubs handle (so-called hub-and-spoke system ). With the exception of Eurowings, all airlines in the Lufthansa Group work according to this model.

Lufthansa logo

Lufthansa Passage

→ Main article : Lufthansa

The passenger airline under the brand name Lufthansa (group-internal name Lufthansa Passage Airlines ) is the largest single company in the Deutsche Lufthansa AG group. In October 2012 Lufthansa changed its passenger transport strategy. The short and medium-haul flights away from the Frankfurt am Main and Munich hubs will be gradually handed over to the subsidiary Eurowings . The core brand Lufthansa focuses on all flights from Frankfurt and Munich.

Under the Lufthansa Regional brand , the two subsidiaries Air Dolomiti and Lufthansa CityLine operate regional and feeder flights for Lufthansa. The cargo airline Lufthansa Cargo also uses the brand name.

Swiss International Airlines

→ Main article : Swiss

Swiss logo

The Lufthansa Group has been the sole owner of Swiss since July 1, 2007 . Previously, for legal reasons, until the renegotiation of bilateral aviation rights (especially landing rights) between Switzerland and a total of more than 140 non-European countries, only 49 percent of the Lufthansa group belonged to Swiss . The remaining 51 percent remained due to a nationality clause (majority owners had to come from Switzerland) with the Swiss Almea Foundation , which was set up specifically for this purpose , but the Lufthansa Group already had operational decision-making power due to contractual regulations. In this ratio (51:49), Almea and Lufthansa were owners of AirTrust AG , which in turn was the sole owner of Swiss. Thus, Swiss was considered a Swiss company and was able to retain the existing traffic rights in countries outside the European Union . These have always been regulated internationally and cannot be sold to other countries.

A sister company of Swiss is Edelweiss Air , a holiday airline based at Zurich Airport .

Austrian Airlines

→ Main article : Austrian Airlines

Austrian Airlines logo

On December 5, 2008, after long negotiations, it became known that Lufthansa was taking over Austrian Airlines . The low purchase price of 366,000  euros for the 42 percent stake held by ÖIAG was due to the related takeover of at least 500 million euros in debts of the financially troubled Austrian company. This made Lufthansa the largest airline in Europe (followed by Air France-KLM ). The takeover took place on September 3, 2009, when Lufthansa held more than 90 percent of the share capital of Austrian Airlines. Lufthansa took over the remaining shares on February 4, 2010.

Eurowings (Point-to-Point Airlines)

Point-to-point airlines serve their destinations directly without stopping at a hub. In order to be able to operate economically, smaller aircraft are mostly used. In the Lufthansa Group only Eurowings works according to this principle, but the airline Brussels Airlines and the participation in SunExpress are internally subordinate to Eurowings and therefore belong to this division.

Eurowings

→ Main article : Eurowings

Eurowings logo

The German regional airline Eurowings was 100 percent taken over in August 2011. De facto, however, the Lufthansa Group had had economic control since 2005.

As of 2013, all domestic and European routes of the Lufthansa Group outside the major hubs in Frankfurt am Main and Munich were taken over by the Eurowings Group . These include Eurowings itself, its Austrian branch Eurowings Europe and Germanwings . The airline specializes in cheap short and medium-haul flights within Europe and also operates long-haul flights from Cologne / Bonn, Munich and Düsseldorf airports.

Brussels Airlines

→ Main article : Brussels Airlines

Brussels Airlines logo

Initially (2008) Lufthansa held 45 percent of the shares in Brussels Airlines . and had an option to acquire the remaining 55 percent. Despite approval by the Supervisory Board and the EU Commission, Lufthansa only wanted to carry out the takeover once the “economic turnaround ” had been completed at Brussels Airlines . After the Supervisory Board gave the green light to the plans for a complete takeover after a meeting in September 2016, Lufthansa completed the takeover of Brussels Airlines on January 11, 2017 and acquired the remaining 55% of the shares.

Brussels Airlines is to be fully integrated into the Lufthansa subsidiary Eurowings by the end of 2020. According to media reports, the brand name should disappear on the short and medium-haul routes, the preservation on the long-haul is still open.

SunExpress

→ Main article : Sunexpress

SunExpress logo

Lufthansa has a 50 percent stake in the Turkish holiday airline Sunexpress , the other 50 percent is held by Turkish Airlines . The participation is not included in the consolidated result.

Aviation Services

Parts of this section since 2008 seem out of date to be .
Please help to research and insert the missing information .

freight

→ Main article : Lufthansa Cargo

MD-11F from Lufthansa Cargo

The freight business accounts for 11.6 percent of consolidated sales and generates 12.0 percent of the operating result (as of 2008). It is operated by the wholly owned subsidiary Lufthansa Cargo . This is a former member of the Cargo Network WOW and, measured in terms of freight tonne kilometers (FTKT), the sixth largest cargo airline worldwide. It uses and markets the air freight capacities of the passenger aircraft of all airlines in the Passenger Transportation division. Around half of Lufthansa Cargo's revenue is generated in the Asia-Pacific region. In October 2004, the Chinese cargo airline Jade Cargo International was founded in a joint venture between Shenzhen Airlines (51%), Lufthansa Cargo (25%) and the German Development Company (24%) . Flight operations began in August 2006. With this stake Lufthansa Cargo has gained indirect access to the inner-Asian air freight market. In 2012, Jade Cargo's flight operations were suspended due to disputes. Lufthansa Cargo is also involved in the “International Cargo Center Shenzhen (ICCS)”, which was established in 2004.

Lufthansa Cargo has been working with the Post subsidiary DHL since 2004 . In September 2007 this cooperation resulted in the joint venture Aerologic , a cargo airline based at Leipzig / Halle Airport .

technology

→ Main article : Lufthansa Technik

One of the five Lufthansa Technik maintenance halls in Frankfurt

In 2009, the technology business area accounted for 10.3 percent of consolidated sales (2008: 8.9 percent) and generated 21.9 percent (2008) of the operating result. In addition to the Group's own airlines, Lufthansa Technik also looks after third-party airlines around the world . The center of Lufthansa Technik is Hamburg ; other large maintenance operations are located in Frankfurt am Main, Munich and Berlin , at all major German airports and 50 locations worldwide. The network also includes 32 technical maintenance companies around the world.

Lufthansa Technik is one of the largest providers of aircraft maintenance , which in 2008 had an estimated global volume of 42 billion US dollars for all airlines . Of this, the portion eligible for Lufthansa Technik amounts to 34 billion US dollars. With a share of 15 percent of this sum, the company is the world market leader. In joint venture with the manufacturer of regional and business jets Bombardier maintenance company is Lufthansa Bombardier Aviation Services GmbH entertained. The Lufthansa Group primarily serves the Asian market with AMECO Beijing , a joint venture operated jointly with Air China for the maintenance of commercial aircraft from the manufacturer Boeing . Lufthansa Technik Logistik GmbH has the necessary material and equipment at its nine locations in Germany and at Malta Airport . Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH , which is also used by other airlines, was founded for education and training .

Catering

→ Main article : LSG Sky Chefs

Loading of an A380 by LSG Sky Chefs

The catering operated by LSG Sky Chefs generates 7.1 percent of the group turnover and provides 5.2 percent of the operating result (as of 2008). Under the LSG Sky Chefs brand, the second largest airline caterer provides 20 percent of all on- board meals . LSG comprises 124 companies and is represented with around 200 companies in 49 countries. In America and Europe , LSG Sky Chefs' market share is between 35 and 40 percent; there are almost 500 customers worldwide.

IT services

→ Main article : Lufthansa Systems

The subsidiary Lufthansa Systems (LSY) is an IT service provider with around 1900 employees worldwide, in addition to its headquarters in Raunheim near Frankfurt am Main, at another ten locations in Germany and 17 locations in 14 other countries. Six locations are in Asia, seven in America and four in Europe. According to its own statement, Lufthansa Systems is one of the leading providers of air traffic information technology, air traffic-specific software for in-flight, flight and maintenance management for the airline and aviation industry worldwide. The Lufthansa Group also holds shares in the Amadeus flight reservation system (CRS) .

The subsidiary Lufthansa Industry Solutions GmbH & Co. KG is an IT service provider with around 2000 employees worldwide, in addition to its headquarters in Norderstedt near Hamburg, at other branches in Germany, Switzerland, Albania and the USA. According to Lufthansa Industry Solutions, it is a provider of process consulting and IT services for the areas of industry, logistics, the energy sector, healthcare, tourism and the publishing business.

The IT Services division has a share of 2.15 percent of consolidated sales and 3.88 percent of the operating result (as of 2014). LH Systems' external share of sales is 41.8 percent (previous year 2013: 41.4 percent).

Service and finance companies

Training aircraft of the Lufthansa Aviation Training

The corporate task of the subsidiary Miles & More (formerly “Lufthansa Worldshop”) consists in the customer loyalty program of Lufthansa and other fully integrated partners to develop this further and to establish it on the third market. Miles & More also operates the Lufthansa Worldshop and Swiss Shop online shops as well as local shops of the same name at six airports and organizes on-board sales for Lufthansa and Swiss.

The Group's own Delvag Versicherungs-AG is the insurance of air freight specialized insurance company . AirPlus , also owned by the group , specializes in business travel management for corporate customers.

The training and education of cockpit and cabin crews is carried out by the subsidiary Lufthansa Flight Training .

The Lufthansa City Center franchise company is a chain of owner-managed medium-sized travel agencies . It is not a subsidiary of Lufthansa, but has had a trademark usage agreement with the company since 1994.

Lufthansa Consulting GmbH, based in Cologne, is active worldwide in the aviation-related consulting business. Its customers primarily include airlines , airports , logistics companies and industry- related institutions. Since it was spun off from the Lufthansa Group and founded as an independent GmbH in 1988, it has carried out over 1,700 aviation-specific projects (as of 2010), primarily in the areas of "Airline Strategy", "Airline Restructuring", "Airline Operations" "Air Cargo Logistics" and "Airports". More than 90 percent of sales are achieved with external customers. The company has a branch in Frankfurt am Main , and the company is also represented with an office in Moscow . Lufthansa is the majority shareholder (through its subsidiary Lufthansa Commercial Holding) with a good 90 percent of the shares. The remaining shares are held by the management (partner).

At Terminal 2 of Munich Airport , Lufthansa holds a 40 percent stake. Lufthansa has secured the exclusive right to use this terminal through subsidiaries and partner companies (capacity up to 25 million passengers). For the first time in the European aviation market, a terminal was built and operated by Lufthansa and the airport operator there. In the meantime, she has a major stake in Fraport AG , the operator of Frankfurt Airport. Lufthansa and Fraport have been operating Terminal 1 there since January 2005, as well as the Lufthansa First Class Terminal with exclusive lounges, which are intended exclusively for first-class passengers and members of the HON Circle (highest level of the frequent flyer program Miles & More).

The Lufthansa Group continues to hold shares in companies that are not directly related to air traffic. Overall, the group is involved in more than 400 national and international companies. A detailed overview can be found on the Lufthansa Financials website.

Until the first quarter of 2009, the group held a 24.9 percent stake in the charter airline Condor Flugdienst . These shares were taken over by the tourism group Thomas Cook Group .

fleet

Overview of the group fleet

As of December 31, 2019

brand	Fleet size	airline	flag	Remarks
Lufthansa	364	Lufthansa	Germany
		Lufthansa CityLine		partly operated for Lufthansa Regional and codeshared for Lufthansa
		Air Dolomiti	Italy
Eurowings	191	Eurowings	Germany
		Eurowings Europe	Austria	operated for Eurowings
		Germanwings	Germany
		Brussels Airlines	Belgium	partly operated for Eurowings
Swiss	107	Swiss	Switzerland
		Edelweiss Air
Austrian	82	Austrian Airlines	Austria
Lufthansa Cargo	19th	Lufthansa Cargo	Germany	Cargo airline
SunExpress	75	Sunexpress	Turkey	50% Turkish Airlines , 50% Lufthansa
		Sunexpress Germany	Germany	Subsidiary of Sunexpress
	763	Lufthansa Group (without SunExpress)	Germany

Fleet policy

Aircraft are purchased for the individual airlines through the group. So it is possible to order in large numbers and thereby receive discounts from the manufacturer. The Lufthansa Group is also striving to reduce its very diverse fleet to fewer aircraft types in the future. The aircraft of the individual subsidiaries are also being standardized among themselves to make it easier to move them within the group. For example, from the end of 2018 all aircraft will be given a uniform shade of white and the equipment of the A320 fleet will be standardized. The Lufthansa Group is the largest Airbus operator in the world.

Turnstiles

Lufthansa aircraft at Frankfurt Airport

Lufthansa operates two higher-level hubs:

• The Frankfurt airport is the largest Lufthansa hub (157 goals), start here most intercontinental flights
• Most continental flights depart from Munich Airport (110 destinations).

The subsidiaries are located at:

• at Zurich Airport , hub of Swiss and Edelweiss
• at Vienna-Schwechat Airport , Austrian hub
• at Brussels-Zaventem Airport , hub of Brussels Airlines
• at Munich Airport , from which Air Dolomiti operates all its flights.

Eurowings does not operate any hubs, but mainly uses the following airports:

• the Berlin-Tegel Airport
• the Dresden Airport
• the Dusseldorf Airport
• the Hamburg airport
• the airport Cologne / Bonn
• the Leipzig / Halle Airport
• the Nuremberg airport
• the Stuttgart airport
• the Vienna International Airport
• the Zurich airport

criticism

Suppression of involvement in the Nazi regime / forced laborers in the Third Reich

With a view to the Nazi regime , today's company has been shown to deliberately suppress its involvement in the National Socialist regime from 1933 to 1945 in its self-portrayal .

At the beginning of the Nazi era , until 1936, Lufthansa had the task of covering up armaments in aviation that were not permitted in Germany under the Versailles Peace Treaty . During the Second World War, Lufthansa's passenger planes were also used for war purposes.

According to the research results of Lutz Budraß from the Ruhr University in Bochum , it was confirmed for the first time from a scientific perspective that in the period from 1933 to 1945 the "old" Lufthansa employed forced laborers . During this time, the company has at least 10,000 men and women from different regions because of their ethnic origin. their affiliation to the Jewish religion and their political convictions. Its main activity was the repair of air force aircraft . According to Budraß, it turned out that Lufthansa's special role in the employment of forced laborers was neither an aberration nor a course of action imposed by the National Socialists, but a very deliberately accepted result of the profitability strategy of the then Lufthansa in order to avoid the failure of the actual Air traffic source of income To raise capital for a modernization of its fleet for the air traffic of the post-war period.

After the first research results became known in the context of a commemorative publication prepared by Joachim Wachtel on the 75th anniversary of the founding of the "old" Lufthansa, today's Deutsche Lufthansa AG canceled the celebrations planned for January 6, 2001 for fear of recourse claims from Holocaust survivors. The anniversary book was also not published. In the further public relations work of today's company, the year 1953 was named as the year of foundation , without, however, foregoing the pioneering deeds of the "old" Lufthansa, which flowed into the presentation of a harmless corporate tradition of today's airline Lufthansa.

In the ARD / arte film documentary, flying means winning. The journalist Christoph Weber reports the suppressed history of Deutsche Lufthansa about 17,000 forced laborers, including Jewish Germans, Ukrainians, Russians and members of other nations, who in Berlin-Staaken , Berlin-Tempelhof and Leipzig-Schkeuditz had to work mostly in aircraft repairs including children who had been dragged from school, trained and transported to Germany. Unlike most other comparable large companies, Lufthansa - according to Weber - had its history examined by a historian, but did not publish the result in book form.

Kurt Weigelt , Luft Hansa co-founder (1926), SS sponsor and war criminal, was both the last deputy chairman of the supervisory board of the then Lufthansa and chairman of the supervisory board of both the preparatory and founding company LUFTAG (1953–1954, see above ) as well as today's German Lufthansa AG. Even Kurt Knipfer was both the Nazi period and in the 1950s a member of the supervisory boards above (each a ministry official).

On the grounds that Lufthansa was re-established after the Second World War, today's Deutsche Lufthansa AG denies any claim against the company for compensation and pension payments to former forced laborers. Regardless of this, today's company presents its first scheduled flight on April 1, 1955 as a “new beginning” for the traditional Lufthansa and in this context makes the technical advances in German commercial aviation before the founding of today's Deutsche Lufthansa AG its corporate history.

In 1999, the company transferred 40 million DM to the forced labor fund of the German economy .

Environmental and noise protection

Environmental protection organizations criticize the fact that Deutsche Lufthansa AG speaks out against emissions trading , at least as long as this should apply exclusively to European companies. The Lufthansa Group fears competitive disadvantages compared to airlines based outside the EU. The company's own environmental policy advocates a uniform European airspace that would reduce CO ₂ emissions on intra-European flights by eight to twelve percent. Furthermore, the group points to the environmental friendliness of the modern, fuel-saving aircraft technology used for its fleets.

Lufthansa is pursuing the goal of "CO ₂ -neutral growth" from 2020. To this end, the Group would like to obtain part of its fuel from plants. Environmental protection organizations criticize Lufthansa's new fuel concept as an image campaign. The environmental protection groups doubt that vegetable fuels can be obtained in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.

Citizens' initiatives criticize the Lufthansa Group for pleading against a night flight ban at Frankfurt Airport, which the airport operator Fraport applied for as a concession to the population affected at the airport location at the same time as the expansion. Lufthansa sees a night flight ban in particular threatening the competitiveness of Lufthansa Cargo and 7,300 group-owned jobs.

Monopoly position in Germany

Since the insolvency of Air Berlin , the Lufthansa Group has held a monopoly position on many domestic German flight routes , which brought the Group the charge of forcing flight passengers on certain domestic routes unnecessary price increases.

See also

• Lufthansa (airline)
• Deutsche Lufthansa Berlin Foundation
• List of airlines

Web links

 Wikinews: Portal: Deutsche Lufthansa  - in the news

• Lufthansa Group website (German, English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Annual Report 2019. In: investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com. Retrieved April 15, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Lufthansa Group - key figures. In: Lufthansagroup.com. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, accessed on March 28, 2019 . 
3. ↑ Company profile . In: lufthansagroup.com. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, accessed on March 25, 2019 . 
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6. ↑ The Aviation Proof of Protection Act (LuftNaSiG) stipulates that listed German aviation companies must comply with certain requirements with regard to ownership and control in order to maintain their aviation rights.
7. ↑ According to Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008, an air carrier must be owned and controlled by EU member states or their nationals directly or through a majority stake in order to maintain and acquire an operating license for air traffic.
8. ↑ Lufthansa Group AG: corporate management. Retrieved March 27, 2019 . 
9. ↑ mg / dpa-afx / rtr: Lufthansa: Wolfgang Mayrhuber hands over AR chairmanship to Karl-Ludwig Kley. In: Manager Magazin. September 26, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017 . 
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11. ↑ report-k.de - Lufthansa administration opened in Cologne-Deutz ( memento of November 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 11, 2011
12. ↑ Hanging on the stockpile . In: Der Spiegel . No. 47 , 1986, pp. 79 ( Online - Nov. 17, 1987 ).
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15. ↑ Manager Magazin - Hard times for the daughters , September 20, 2007
16. ↑ Lufthansa Group AG: Executive Board. Retrieved April 8, 2020 . 
17. ^ Deutsche Lufthansa AG: Ten-year overview. In: Annual Report 2018. Accessed March 28, 2019 . 
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20. ↑ ICAG | IAG Stock Price. Accessed March 28, 2019 . 
21. ↑ THYAO | Turkish Airlines Stock Price. Accessed March 28, 2019 . 
22. ↑ LHAG | Lufthansa AG Stock Price. Accessed March 28, 2019 . 
23. ↑ EZJ | EasyJet PLC Stock Price. Accessed March 28, 2019 . 
24. ↑ AIRF | Air France KLM SA Stock Price. Accessed March 28, 2019 . 
25. ↑ Lufthansa privatization will start shortly. In: Tagesspiegel. September 4, 1997, accessed March 27, 2019 . 
26. ↑ Lufthansa Group AG: shareholder structure. Retrieved March 28, 2019 . 
27. ↑ Lufthansa flies out of the DAX. In: faz.net. June 5, 2020, accessed June 6, 2020 . 
28. ↑ Lufthansa Group Investor Relations, Lufthansa Group Investor Relations: Publication according to Section 40 Paragraph 1 WpHG. Retrieved July 8, 2020 . 
29. ↑ Act to ensure proof of ownership and control of air carriers for the maintenance of the air traffic operating license and air traffic rights (Aviation Proof of Protection Act - LuftNaSiG). In: gesetze-im-internet.de. Federal Office of Justice, accessed on February 23, 2020 (version of June 5, 1997, last amended on June 23, 2017). 
30. ↑ Special features of the Lufthansa share (registered share with restricted transferability). In: lufthansagroup.com. Retrieved February 23, 2020 . 
31. ↑ Lufthansa Group AG: shareholder structure. In: investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com. Retrieved June 6, 2020 . 
32. ↑ Lufthansa Group AG: shareholder structure. Retrieved July 9, 2020 . 
33. ↑ handelsblatt.com - Lufthansa completes takeover of Swiss ( Memento from September 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
34. ↑ aero.de - Lufthansa takes over Austrian Airlines, December 5, 2008 ( Memento of December 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
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37. ↑ Aviation: Lufthansa joins Brussels Airlines. In: Focus . September 15, 2008, accessed December 23, 2014 . 
38. ↑ airliners.de - Lufthansa wants to take over Brussels Airlines completely
39. ↑ airliners.de - Lufthansa may take over Brussels Airlines , June 22, 2009
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41. ↑ Lufthansa Group completes takeover of Brussels Airlines. airliners.de, January 11, 2017, accessed on August 29, 2017 . 
42. ↑ Timo Nowack: Standardization: Name Brussels Airlines disappears in European traffic. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. January 23, 2019, accessed March 23, 2019 . 
43. ↑ lufthansa-financials.de - Annual Report 2007  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
44. ↑ Scheduled Freight Ton - Kilometres. (No longer available online.) In: iata.org. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016 ; accessed on September 20, 2013 (English). 
45. ↑ aero.de - Lufthansa buries Jade Cargo
46. ↑ aero.de - The Tiger Freight: Lufthansa Cargo in Asia, April 29, 2007 ( Memento from October 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
47. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung - China's HNA ousts Lufthansa as the leading on-board catering company , December 30, 2016, accessed on January 2, 2017
48. ↑ lufthansa-financials.de - Annual Report 2008  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 4 MB)  
49. ↑ ^{a b} website of Lufthansa Systems , accessed on July 29, 2010.
50. ↑ lhsystems.com - Company Profile  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; English), accessed July 29, 2010  
51. ↑ LHIND »IT service provider on your way to digital transformation. In: www.lufthansa-industry-solutions.com. Retrieved November 9, 2019 . 
52. ↑ Website of the HON Circle ( Memento from August 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
53. ↑ Thomas Cook plc - Press Release 2009 Interim Results Announcement  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, English) May 14, 2009  
54. ↑ Fleet. In: lufthansagroup.com. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, March 2020, accessed on May 7, 2020 . 
55. ^ Aircraft fleet - SunExpress. In: SunExpress.com. Retrieved March 24, 2019 . 
56. ↑ Laura Frommberg: Repainting: Lufthansa gives its airlines a uniform white. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. October 3, 2018, accessed March 30, 2019 . 
57. ↑ Deutsche Lufthansa AG (Ed.): Sustainability Report Balance . Edition 2018, p. 32 to 33 .
58. ↑ Lufthansa orders a further 20 A350-900 wide-body aircraft. Retrieved January 28, 2020 . 
59. ↑ Lutz Budrass : Eagle and Crane, Lufthansa and its history 1926-1955 , Blessing Verlag 2016 ISBN 978-3-641-11246-2
60. ↑ Johannes Bähr : Review by Lutz Budrass, Adler und Kranich in: Sehepunkte Issue 17 (2017), No. 10, accessed on August 7, 2018
61. ↑ Sarah Hofmann: History of Lufthansa, outrage over the lack of clarification in Deutschlandfunk from May 2, 2016, accessed on August 7, 2018
62. ↑ Nana Brink, Interview with Johannes Bähr: How German companies deal with their history in Deutschlandfunk Kultur from April 14, 2016, accessed on August 7, 2018
63. ↑ Manfred Köhler, TV film causes unrest at Lufthansa , in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Rhein-Main, August 4, 2010 ( online )
64. ↑ taz.de: Arte-Doku - Der Führer flew for free , July 21, 2010
65. ↑ ARD / arte documentation from July 2010 by Christoph Weber : "To fly means to win - the suppressed history of Deutsche Lufthansa"
66. ↑ ^{a b} "The brown history of Lufthansa" , article in the "[Mittelbayerische Zeitung]" from March 11, 2016
67. ^ From the "Chronicle of Frankfurt am Main Airport: From the estate of Traffic Director Rudolf Lange of Flughafen Frankfurt AG" by Rudolf Lange, International Advisory Group Air Navigation Services (ANSA), October 1, 1975, 676 pages
68. ↑ Caption on the website of the Nyhetsbyrån photo and news agency
69. ↑ Christoph Weber , in “To fly means to win. The suppressed history of Deutsche Lufthansa ”, Documentation 2009, produced by WDR
70. ↑ Crane under the swastika - Lutz Budrass in conversation with Katrin Heise , recording by Deutschlandfunk from March 12, 2016
71. ↑ chronik.lufthansagroup.com
72. ↑ Adler und Kranich ( Memento from January 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) at ttt - titel, thesen, temperamente , March 13, 2016
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74. ↑ Aviation: "The airplane is ecologically the best". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , April 15, 2007, accessed on August 22, 2014 (Lufthansa boss Mayrhuber in an interview with the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung). 
75. ↑ waterlandinternational.com - Latest Visit of Lufthansa to Waterland Semarang Office and Purwodadi plantations (English)
76. ↑ Lufthansa on the wrong track - agro-fuel means environmental destruction and human rights violations. In: Rettet den Regenwald e. V. July 13, 2011, accessed March 8, 2013 . 
77. ↑ International declaration against the "fraudulent labeling" of the round table on sustainable palm oil (RSPO). (PDF) regenwald.org, accessed on August 22, 2014 . 
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79. ↑ verkehrsrundschau.de - Lufthansa boss: night flight ban endangers 7,300 jobs
80. ↑ Claus Hecking: Lufthansa to Air-Berlin-Aus: The power of the crane . In: Spiegel Online . November 26, 2017 ( spiegel.de [accessed February 3, 2018]).