Bundestag election 2017
The election to the 19th German Bundestag took place on September 24, 2017. The turnout was 76.2%, about 5 percentage points more than in 2009 (70.8%) and 2013 (71.5%) and stands in the way of the downward trend that has existed since the previous high of 1972 (91.1%) .
The strongest group in the new Bundestag, with a share of 32.9% of the valid second votes and a loss of 8.6 percentage points, was the CDU / CSU parliamentary group , which thus achieved its worst result after 1949 . The CSU , which only competes in Bavaria, achieved its worst result there with 38.8% since the election in 1949 (2013: 49.3%). The SPD reached 20.5% previously boring their result at a general election at all. The AfD received 12.6% and moved into the Bundestag for the first time. The FDP , which also failed at the 5 percent hurdle in 2013 , moved in with 10.7 percent. Left (9.2%) and Greens (8.9%) gained slightly in votes.
In the 19th Bundestag 709 candidates who ran for seven different parties were elected. CDU and CSU have a common parliamentary group ; the other five parties each have their own parliamentary group .
The ruling grand coalition of CDU / CSU and SPD received 53.4% of the vote (after 67.2% in the 2013 federal election ).
Suffrage and organization
Deadline and organizational changes
According to Article 39 of the Basic Law , the election took place no earlier than 46 and no later than 48 months after the meeting of the 18th German Bundestag. The 18th German Bundestag met on October 22, 2013. Accordingly, the election, which must be held on a Sunday or a public holiday in accordance with Section 16 of the Federal Election Act , would have been held on August 27, September 3, 10, 17, 24, September 1, 3 ( Day of German Unity ), 8 ., 15th or 22nd October 2017 at the latest. On the proposal of the Federal Cabinet on January 18, 2017, Federal President Joachim Gauck issued the order on January 23, 2017 as the day of the Bundestag election; on January 26, 2017 it was announced in the Federal Law Gazette ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 74 ) .
In March 2017, the federal election regulations were changed; Since then, photography and filming in the voting booth has been expressly prohibited ( Section 56 (2) sentence 1 BWO).
The absentee ballot before the actual election date was made possible by personal or written (including online part) filing for election certificate in the respective municipality or district to 22 September 2017th
Constituency division
In 2017, the federal territory was divided into 299 constituencies ( Federal Election Act (BWG) of May 3, 2016). For the 2017 Bundestag election, the legislature delimited a total of 34 constituencies based on the territorial status of February 29, 2016 compared to the previous constituency division.
Eligible voters
According to the Federal Election 61,688,485 German were eligible to vote on Election Day in the Federal Territory, of which 31.7 million women and 29.8 million men. Around 3 million of them were first-time voters.
Parties and candidates
Parties with state lists and direct candidates as well as individual persons as direct candidates could participate in the federal election . Parties that were not represented in the Bundestag (CDU, SPD, Left, Greens and CSU) or in a state parliament since their last election with at least five deputies (FDP, AfD, Free Voters) due to their own election proposals had to be until June 19 Report your participation to the Federal Returning Officer in 2017 (97th day before the election). This was done by 63 parties and political associations . In addition to the eight parties above, 40 other associations were recognized as parties. State lists and direct candidates had to be submitted by July 17, 2017, whereby parties that were not represented in the Bundestag or in a state parliament with at least five MPs had to submit support signatures for their state lists and direct candidates . The state electoral committees decided on July 28, 2017 whether to approve these nominations. In total, national lists of 34 parties were allowed to vote.
In addition to members of the parties with an approved state list, members of the following eight approved parties stood as constituency candidates:
- Alliance C - Alliance C - Christians for Germany (4 constituency proposals)
- THE UNIT - The unit
- THE VIOLETS - The Violets; for spiritual politics
- FAMILY - Family Party of Germany (1 constituency proposal)
- THE WOMEN - Feminist Party The Women
- RENTER PARTY - tenant party
- New Liberals - The Social Liberals (3 constituency proposals)
- INDEPENDENTS - Independents for community-based democracy
Six parties actually admitted to the Bundestag election (German Conservatives, Center Party, DGP - Die GERADE Party, REP - DIE REPUBLIKANER , JED - Youth and Development Party of Germany, TPD - Transhuman Party of Germany) did not compete with state lists or constituency candidates.
The approved national lists in the individual countries in the order on the ballot papers:
| Baden-Württemberg |
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The also submitted country lists of the Alliance of German Democrats , Die Einheit (DIE UNIT) and Die Violetten - for spiritual politics (DIE VIOLETTEN) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Bavaria |
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The also submitted state lists of the parties Die Violetten - for spiritual politics (DIE VIOLETTEN) and INDEPENDENT for citizen-friendly democracy (INDEPENDENT) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Berlin |
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The also submitted state lists of the parties National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) and Die Violetten - for spiritual politics (DIE VIOLETTEN) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Brandenburg |
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| Bremen |
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The party “DEMOCRACY IN MOVEMENT (DiB)” also submitted a state list, but could not have enough support signatures. |
| Hamburg |
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| Hesse |
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The parties “Die Violetten - for spiritual politics (DIE VIOLETTEN)” and “Alliance of German Democrats” also submitted state lists. However, the former could not produce the necessary support signatures, the latter withdrew its list of countries. |
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
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The party "Deutsche Mitte (DM)" also submitted a state list, but could not have enough support signatures. |
| Lower Saxony |
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The parties, Bündnis C - Christians for Germany ( Bündnis C ), Die Urbane, also submit a list of countries. A hip-hop party - Landesverband Niedersachsen ( du. - LV Lower Saxony) and Menschliche Welt - for the well-being and happiness of everyone ( MENSCHLICHE WELT ) were not eligible for nominations. |
| North Rhine-Westphalia |
|---|
The parties here and now - Die Zukunft (HJZ) , DIE EINHEIT (DIE EINHEIT) , Alliance C - Christians for Germany (Alliance C) and Plattdüütsch Sassenland (PS) are not eligible to make nominations. |
| Rhineland-Palatinate |
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The also submitted country lists of the parties Alliance C - Christians for Germany (Alliance C) , DEMOKRATIE IN BEWEGUNG (DiB) , DIE EINHEIT (DIE UNIT) and PARTTEI MENSCH UMWELT TIERSCHUTZ (animal welfare party) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Saarland |
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| Saxony |
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The state lists also submitted by the German Communist Party (DKP) and the German Central Party (DM) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Saxony-Anhalt |
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The state lists also submitted by the Liberal-Conservative Reformers (LKR) , PARTY MENSCH UMWELT TIERSCHUTZ (animal welfare party ) and the German Central Party (DM) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Schleswig-Holstein |
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The also submitted country lists of the parties Pirate Party Germany (PIRATE) , Democracy in Movement (DiB) and V-Party³ - Party for Change, Vegetarians and Vegans (V-Party³) were rejected by the state election committee. |
| Thuringia |
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The “PARTTEI MENSCH UMWELT TIERSCHUTZ (Animal Protection Party)” and the “German Communist Party (DKP)” also submitted state lists, but they could not provide enough support signatures. The "Communist Party of Germany (KPD)", which also submitted its state list, had not previously been recognized by the Federal Electoral Committee as a party for the 2017 Bundestag election. |
Top candidates and list leaders
The parties traditionally name their top candidates , who they lead politically in the federal election campaign. The two largest parties (at the federal level CDU / CSU and SPD) almost always name the top candidates as candidates for chancellor , each with the aim of becoming chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. The terms Chancellor candidate or Spitzenkandidat are not anchored in the electoral law. The Federal Chancellor is not elected directly but by the members of the German Bundestag. At the federal level, the nomination of top or chancellor candidates is of great political importance. In the individual federal states, the list leaders of the state list of a party are also often referred to as top candidates.
Parties regularly named in surveys
| CDU / CSU | SPD | The left | Alliance 90 / The Greens |
FDP | AfD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angela Merkel | Martin Schulz | Dietmar Bartsch and Sahra Wagenknecht | Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Cem Özdemir | Christian Lindner | Alexander Gauland and Alice Weidel |
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CDU / CSU
Chancellor Angela Merkel , who has been in office since 2005, announced on November 20, 2016 that she would run for a fourth term in 2017. At the end of January 2017, the CSU party chairman Horst Seehofer made it clear that Merkel would be a joint candidate for chancellor of the CDU and the CSU.
| country | List leader | country | List leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | Wolfgang Schäuble | Bavaria (CSU) | Joachim Herrmann | |
| Berlin | Monika Grütters | Brandenburg | Michael Stübgen | |
| Bremen | Elisabeth Motschmann | Hamburg | Marcus Weinberg | |
| Hesse | Helge Braun | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Angela Merkel | |
| Lower Saxony | Ursula von der Leyen | North Rhine-Westphalia | Hermann Gröhe | |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Patrick Schnieder | Saarland | Peter Altmaier | |
| Saxony | Thomas de Maizière | Saxony-Anhalt | Heike Brehmer | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Johann Wadephul | Thuringia | Manfred Grund |
SPD
The then SPD party chairman Sigmar Gabriel announced on January 24, 2017 that he would renounce the candidacy for chancellor and the party chairmanship in favor of Martin Schulz . Schulz was nominated as a candidate for chancellor by the party executive on January 29, 2017 at an extraordinary federal party congress with 100% of the valid votes as party chairman and unanimously elected as candidate for chancellor of the SPD.
| country | List leader | country | List leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | Leni Breymaier | Bavaria | Florian Pronold | |
| Berlin | Eva Högl | Brandenburg | Dagmar Ziegler | |
| Bremen | Sarah Ryglewski | Hamburg | Aydan Özoğuz | |
| Hesse | Michael Roth | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Sonja Steffen | |
| Lower Saxony | Thomas Oppermann | North Rhine-Westphalia | Martin Schulz | |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Andrea Nahles | Saarland | Heiko Maas | |
| Saxony | Daniela Kolbe | Saxony-Anhalt | Burkhard Lischka | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Bettina Hagedorn | Thuringia | Carsten Schneider |
The left
In December 2016, the party executive of the Left elected parliamentary group leaders Sahra Wagenknecht and Dietmar Bartsch as their top candidates for the federal election. In addition, the party executive announced that in the event of possible coalition negotiations, the party leadership, i. H. Katja Kipping and Bernd Riexinger , who decide on their implementation.
| country | List leader | country | List leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | Bernd Riexinger | Bavaria | Klaus Ernst | |
| Berlin | Petra Pau | Brandenburg | Kirsten Tackmann | |
| Bremen | Doris Achelwilm | Hamburg | Fabio De Masi | |
| Hesse | Sabine Leidig | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Dietmar Bartsch | |
| Lower Saxony | Pia carpenter | North Rhine-Westphalia | Sahra Wagenknecht | |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Alexander Ulrich | Saarland | Thomas Lutze | |
| Saxony | Katja Kipping | Saxony-Anhalt | Petra custom | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Cornelia Möhring | Thuringia | Martina Renner |
Alliance 90 / The Greens
In a pre- and absentee voting of the top duos four candidates stood for election. 58.96% of the approximately 60,000 party members took part. The result was announced on January 18, 2017: With Katrin Göring-Eckardt, there was only one candidate for the place reserved for women , she received 70.63% of the votes. On Cem Özdemir 35.96% of the vote, 75 votes more than accounted Robert Habeck with 35.74%. Anton Hofreiter was able to win 26.19%. Özdemir came in second on the list in Baden-Württemberg, a woman was planned for first place.
| country | List leader | country | List leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | Kerstin Andreae | Bavaria | Claudia Roth | |
| Berlin | Lisa Paus | Brandenburg | Annalena Baerbock | |
| Bremen | Kirsten Kappert-Gonther | Hamburg | Anja Hajduk | |
| Hesse | Daniela Wagner | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Claudia Müller | |
| Lower Saxony | Julia Verlinden | North Rhine-Westphalia | Britta Haßelmann | |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Tabea Roessner | Saarland | Markus Tressel | |
| Saxony | Monika Lazar | Saxony-Anhalt | Steffi Lemke | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Luise Amtsberg | Thuringia | Katrin Göring-Eckardt |
FDP
In November 2016, party chairman Christian Lindner was elected as the top candidate for the state elections in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2017 and for the federal election.
| country | List leader | country | List leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | Michael Theurer | Bavaria | Daniel Foest | |
| Berlin | Christoph Meyer | Brandenburg | Linda Teuteberg | |
| Bremen | Lencke Steiner | Hamburg | Katja Suding | |
| Hesse | Nicola Beer | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Hagen Reinhold | |
| Lower Saxony | Christian Dürr | North Rhine-Westphalia | Christian Lindner | |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Manuel Höferlin | Saarland | Oliver Luksic | |
| Saxony | Torsten Herbst | Saxony-Anhalt | Frank Sitta | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Wolfgang Kubicki | Thuringia | Thomas Kemmerich |
AfD
The federal board of the AfD decided in November 2016 to go to the polls with a “top team” instead of a top candidate. This was decided on April 23, 2017 at the Cologne Federal Party Congress. 67.7% of the delegates voted for the proposal to nominate Alexander Gauland and Alice Weidel as top candidates.
| country | List leader | country | List leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | Alice Weidel | Bavaria | Martin Hebner | |
| Berlin | Beatrix von Storch | Brandenburg | Alexander Gauland | |
| Bremen | Frank Magnitz | Hamburg | Bernd Baumann | |
| Hesse | Mariana Harder-Kühnel | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Leif-Erik Holm | |
| Lower Saxony | Armin-Paul Hampel | North Rhine-Westphalia | Martin Renner | |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Sebastian Munzenmaier | Saarland | Christian Wirth | |
| Saxony | Frauke Petry | Saxony-Anhalt | Martin Reichardt | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Bruno Hollnagel | Thuringia | Stephan Brandner |
Other parties
- The Human Environment Animal Welfare party did not put up any nationwide top candidates, as they ostensibly want to make their federal election program and their fundamental political demands eligible. In addition to 69 people on state lists, nine people in constituencies ran for the first vote.
- Alliance Basic Income (BGE) - The Basic Income Party ran without direct candidates with state lists for the second vote .
- The ÖDP did not put up a nationwide top candidate, but list leader for the state lists.
- The candidate for Chancellor for The PARTY was Serdar Somuncu .
- The top candidates for the Pirate Party were Anja Hirschel, Sebastian Alscher and René Pickhardt.
- With Rhaffi Hadizadeh Kharazi , the Berlin Mountain Party Alliance , the Überpartei, was the first to nominate a candidate for chancellor.
- Philipp Schaub ran as the top candidate for the party of humanists .
- The top candidate for the Bayern party was Richard Progl from Munich .
Election programs
Parties regularly named in surveys
CDU / CSU
The joint election program of the CDU and CSU was decided on July 3rd. A draft program was published on the same day.
SPD
On June 25, 2017, the delegates of the party congress in Dortmund decided on the election manifesto entitled “It is time for more justice”.
The left
The election manifesto was adopted at the party congress in Hanover from June 9th to 11th, 2017 .
Alliance 90 / The Greens
The election program was decided on from June 16 to 18 at a program party conference in Berlin . The final program text was published on June 26, 2017.
FDP
The election manifesto was decided on April 30 at the federal party conference in Berlin.
AfD
The election program was decided on April 23 at the federal party conference in Cologne .
Other parties
The Federal Association of Free Voters emerged from the Federal Association of Free Voters Germany , in which municipal voter communities are united, and is closely linked to this in terms of personnel.
The Party for Labor, Rule of Law, Animal Welfare, Promotion of the Elites and grassroots initiative ( acronym : PARTEI ) is a German political party founded in 2004 by the editors of the satirical magazine Titanic with a satirical character.
The Human Environment Animal Welfare party competed in the Bundestag election under the title "Honest Politics for Everyone - Alternatives to the No Alternative".
The Pirate Party Germany published its election program at the end of June.
The federal political program of the ÖDP was decided on March 12, 2017 at the federal party conference in Frankfurt and had the motto “People before profit”.
The Basic Income Alliance advocates the introduction of an unconditional basic income .
Election campaign demands of the DiB for the federal election were adopted at the 2nd federal party conference on August 27, 2017 in Cologne.
The Party for Health Research ran for the first time in the federal election. It calls for targeted investments in the research and development of causal therapies for age-related diseases.
The party The Gray - For All Generations , which was only founded in 2017, underlined the risk of old-age poverty in its election manifesto in 2017 and called for political attention for families.
The party of humanists ran for the first time in the 2017 federal election and calls for a humanist policy with a focus on education, research, secularization and self-determination in its basic program . In addition, the party wants a stronger European Parliament .
The mountain party, the Überpartei published its federal election program on August 21st.
Coalition statements
Both representatives of the CDU and the SPD spoke out against the continuation of the grand coalition after the federal election at the beginning of the election year. The CDU politician and parliamentary state secretary in the Federal Ministry of Finance, Jens Spahn , said that a grand coalition would not be sought. The SPD parliamentary group leader Thomas Oppermann also rejected this at the end of January 2017. The then SPD general secretary Katarina Barley said that nobody in the SPD wanted the grand coalition to continue. All parties represented in the Bundestag's 18th legislative period and the FDP rejected a coalition with the AfD .
Starting position
In the 2013 federal election, the FDP remained subject to the 5% threshold and was therefore not represented in the 18th German Bundestag . The previous governing coalition of the CDU, CSU and FDP thus lost its majority in the Bundestag. The Union parties missed the absolute majority of the Bundestag seats despite strong gains of five seats. The SPD grew slightly, but clearly missed the goal of a red-green majority. Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen lost votes as did Die Linke , which for the first time formed the third largest parliamentary group in the Bundestag.
The Alternative für Deutschland , founded in February 2013, failed to make it into the 18th Bundestag with 4.7%. The Pirate Party Germany missed it with 2.2%. Overall, in 2013, due to the five percent hurdle in Germany, 15.8% of the votes cast were not considered in parliament.
The CDU, CSU and SPD subsequently agreed on a grand coalition under Chancellor Merkel. The Merkel III cabinet was sworn in on December 17, 2013.
Surveys and Forecasts
For the first time in this federal election, there were journalistic and scientific offers on a larger scale that used the aggregated survey data and various framework data to produce forecasts of the election outcome on a statistical basis - following the example of data journalism in the United States , which has been carried out in particular by Nate Silver since the 2008 presidential election has become popular.
Survey history
Colors: CDU / CSU, SPD , Left , Greens , FDP , AfD , Piraten , FW . Starting points: election results in the 2013 federal election. Ending points: election results in the 2017 federal election.
After the federal election 2013-2014
After the formation of a government coalition made up of the CDU, CSU and SPD after the 2013 federal election, the polls until the end of 2014 showed hardly any changes in the political mood. The Union, SPD, Left and Greens were largely close to their federal election results. With values around 5%, this also applied to the parties not represented in the Bundestag, the FDP and AfD, whereby the AfD, in contrast to the FDP, was regularly above the five percent mark. After the poor performance in the 2013 election, only the polling institutes INSA and GMS published polls for the Pirate Party, the latter also for the Free Voters . From the end of 2015, these institutes no longer reported the values either.
In August and September 2014, three state elections took place in East Germany within two weeks, after which the FDP had to leave the state parliaments in Saxony, Brandenburg and Thuringia, while the AfD moved into all three parliaments. In a survey by Forsa published shortly after the state elections, the AfD was shown for the first time with a double-digit value (10%), while the FDP stood at 2%. All other parties remained roughly at the level of the 2013 Bundestag election. On November 14, 2014, the Elections Research Group, for the first time in the history of opinion polls, gave no value to the FDP, but listed it among the other parties; also by Infratest dimap the FDP has been detected for the first time under "Other" on December 19, 2014. As of January 2015, both institutes again reported the FDP survey figures.
2015
In the first months of 2015 there were still only marginal changes in the party values. The Union parties were rarely shown below 40%, the SPD, the Left and the Greens also remained stable at the level of the 2013 federal election. In contrast to 2014, the state elections in Bremen and Hamburg had no influence on the federal trend. The AfD fell again, while the FDP caught up slightly; both ranged between 4% and 5%.
As a result of the refugee crisis , the political climate in Germany changed in autumn 2015. The Union lost approval in the polls, while the AfD gained and was able to clearly exceed the five percent hurdle again.
2016
Despite significant losses, the Union remained clearly the strongest force in the national trend with 32 to 35 percent for the year as a whole. During the course of the year, the first major losses were recorded by the SPD, which was only seen between 19 and 21 percent. The Greens showed a constant 13 to 14 percent, putting the party in third place, roughly on a par with the AfD, which was able to move into state parliaments for the first time. The left showed itself to be resistant to fluctuations in the surveys and was in a corridor of 9 to 10 percent. The FDP was increased again, sometimes just barely, seen above the five percent hurdle.
2017
After CDU leader Angela Merkel announced at the end of 2016 that she was running for the office of Chancellor again, the Union subsequently recovered from its polls low. After Martin Schulz was nominated as candidate for chancellor at the end of January 2017, the SPD gained several percentage points in nationwide surveys, while the Union gave up its profits again. In February, the SPD succeeded in catching up with the Union in several polls or even surpassing it. This was last the case in 2010. In addition to the CDU / CSU, the Left, Greens and AfD also lost several percentage points after the Schulz nomination; only the FDP remained stable in the polls. From that point on, until the election, there was no clear third place to be found, so that in the following months all four parties were often on par in the polls.
Despite the positive federal trend, the SPD lost in the state elections of 2017 in Saarland and Schleswig-Holstein, in some cases significantly against the CDU, which was also associated with the first loss of a prime ministerial office by the SPD during Angela Merkel's 12-year term in office. As a result, the Union parties recovered in Germany-wide surveys, while the SPD again lost significant voters. After the defeat of the SPD for Prime Minister Hannelore Kraft in the state elections in North Rhine-Westphalia in May 2017, the Union set itself apart even more clearly from the Social Democrats. After its significant gains in the state elections in Schleswig-Holstein and North Rhine-Westphalia, the FDP was also double-digit in a survey for the first time since 2010; the question of whether she would move back into the Bundestag was since then as resolved and safe.
A few days before the election, the Union was seen as clearly the strongest force across all institutes with 34–37 percent. The opinion polls also agreed that the SPD would become the second largest party with 20-25 percent. In the race for third place, too, the electoral researchers unanimously assumed a relatively narrow outcome between AfD (11–13%), FDP (7–11%) and leftists (8.5–11%). Sixth place was predicted for the Greens (6-8%).
Campaigns
- Impressions from election campaign tours of various parties
Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel and Deputy Prime Minister Thomas Strobl at a CDU election campaign event in Heidelberg
(September 5, 2017).
Katja Kipping , the federal chairwoman of the DIE LINKE party, speaking at an election campaign event on stairs street in Kassel (September 9, 2017).
Cem Özdemir , the federal chairman of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , speaking to the audience in Mannheim
(September 12, 2017).
Election event of the FDP on the Opernplatz in Kassel with, among others, FDP General Secretary Nicola Beer and Federal Party Chairman Christian Lindner (September 12, 2017).
SPD federal chairman and candidate for chancellor Martin Schulz at a speech in Ludwigshafen am Rhein
(September 13, 2017).
The AfD gives its election manifesto at the federal party conference in Cologne in April . In addition, the top candidates Alice Weidel (shown in the picture) and Alexander Gauland are elected.
Television formats
On August 30, 2017, Sat.1 broadcast a program with top representatives of the Greens, the Left, the FDP and the AfD.
On September 3, 2017, the television duel between the incumbent Chancellor Angela Merkel and her challenger Martin Schulz took place. It was hosted and broadcast jointly by Das Erste , ZDF , RTL and Sat.1 . The moderators were Sandra Maischberger , Maybrit Illner , Peter Kloeppel and Claus Strunz . In contrast to 2013, it was initially planned that the moderator pairs Illner / Kloeppel and Maischberger / Strunz would each ask their questions for 45 minutes one after the other. Merkel's team rejected this rule; then the candidates were interviewed again by all moderators.
On September 4, 2017, ZDF broadcast a debate between candidates from the smaller parties represented in the Bundestag ( CSU , Die Linke and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ). On September 4, 2017, Das Erste hosted a discussion round with top candidates from those parties that were not represented in the television duel and promised in surveys ( CSU , Die Linke, Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, FDP , AfD ).
On September 21, 2017, the Erste and ZDF hosted a panel discussion with the top candidates from all parties represented in the Bundestag as well as the FDP and the AfD.
OSCE missions
On the recommendation of the OSCE institution ODIHR , a team of three experts (Caetana de Zulueta, Marianna Skopa and Dragan Zelic) was sent to Germany to observe the federal elections . The recommendation was based on concerns about equal opportunities in the election campaign and on reports by the media that were occasionally perceived as stigmatizing about parties not represented in the Bundestag.
There was also a 56-member Parliamentary Assembly mission . She criticized the fact that there was no provision for counting the number of ballot papers delivered and left over. Cardboard boxes with blank voting slips were often left unattended.
Overall, according to the OSCE, the election was transparent and without manipulation. The observers also made suggestions for improvement: Since only 30% of the candidates are women, they suggested that a legal regulation should be considered in order to achieve a fairer gender distribution . In particular, among the elected AfD members of the Bundestag, the proportion of women at 10.6% was significantly lower than in all other parties represented in the 19th Bundestag, which resulted in the lowest proportion of women among the members since the Bundestag election in 1998 (see proportions of women in the Bundestag parliamentary groups ).
In their final report, the election observers pointed out the peculiarity that the Association for the Preservation of the Rule of Law and Civil Liberties advertised the AfD with around 600,000 copies of the weekly newspaper Deutschland-Kurier as well as posters and online advertisements specially designed for the Bundestag election. In its final report, the OSCE therefore recommended that future regulation of election campaigns by third parties should be considered in order to ensure transparency and accountability in the electoral process.
Result
Final overall result
The turnout was 76.2%. 1.0% of the second votes cast were invalid.
| Political party | First votes | Second votes | Mandates | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | % | +/- | Direct mandates |
number | % | +/- | total | +/- | % | ||
| CDU | 14,030,751 | 30.2 | −7.0 | 185 | 12,447,656 | 26.8 | −7.4 | 200 | −55 | 28.2 | |
| SPD | 11,429,231 | 24.6 | −4.8 | 59 | 9,539,381 | 20.5 | −5.2 | 153 | −40 | 21.6 | |
| AfD | 5,317,499 | 11.5 | +9.6 | 3 | 5,878,115 | 12.6 | +7.9 | 94 | +94 | 13.3 | |
| FDP | 3,249,238 | 7.0 | +4.6 | - | 4,999,449 | 10.7 | +6.0 | 80 | +80 | 11.3 | |
| The left | 3,966,637 | 8.6 | +0.3 | 5 | 4,297,270 | 9.2 | +0.6 | 69 | +5 | 9.7 | |
| Green | 3,717,922 | 8.0 | +0.7 | 1 | 4,158,400 | 8.9 | +0.5 | 67 | +4 | 9.4 | |
| CSU | 3,255,487 | 7.0 | −1.1 | 46 | 2,869,688 | 6.2 | −1.2 | 46 | −10 | 6.5 | |
| Free voters | 589.056 | 1.3 | +0.3 | - | 463.292 | 1.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| The party | 245,659 | 0.5 | +0.4 | - | 454.349 | 1.0 | +0.8 | - | - | - | |
| Animal welfare party | 22,917 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 374.179 | 0.8 | +0.5 | - | - | - | |
| NPD | 45.169 | 0.1 | −1.4 | - | 176.020 | 0.4 | −0.9 | - | - | - | |
| Pirates | 93,196 | 0.2 | −2.0 | - | 173.476 | 0.4 | −1.8 | - | - | - | |
| ÖDP | 166.228 | 0.4 | +0.1 | - | 144,809 | 0.3 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| UBI | - | - | - | - | 97,539 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | |
| V party³ | 1,204 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 64,073 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| DM | - | - | - | - | 63.203 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| DiB | - | - | - | - | 60,914 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| BP | 62,622 | 0.1 | +0.1 | - | 58,037 | 0.1 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| AD Democrats | - | - | - | - | 41,251 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Animal Welfare Alliance | 6.114 | 0.0 | - | - | 32,221 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| MLPD | 35,760 | 0.1 | 0.0 | - | 29,785 | 0.1 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| Health research | 1,537 | 0.0 | - | - | 23,404 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| DKP | 7,517 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 11,558 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Human world | 2,205 | 0.0 | - | - | 11,661 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| The grays | 4,300 | 0.0 | - | - | 10,009 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Referendum | 6.316 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 9,631 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| BüSo | 15,960 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 6,693 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| The humanists | - | - | - | - | 5,991 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| MG | 2,570 | 0.0 | - | - | 5,617 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| you. | 772 | 0.0 | - | - | 3,032 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| The right | 1,142 | 0.0 | - | - | 2,054 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| SGP | 903 | 0.0 | - | - | 1,291 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| Mountain party | 672 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 911 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| PDV | 242 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 533 | 0.0 | −0.1 | - | - | - | |
| Independent | 2,458 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| The violets | 2.176 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| Alliance C | 1,717 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Tenant party | 1,352 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| New liberals | 884 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| family | 506 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| The women | 439 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| The unit | 371 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Rest | 100,889 | 0.2 | −0.1 | - | - | - | −0.6 | - | - | - | |
| total | 46,389,615 | 100 | 299 | 46,515,492 | 100 | 709 | +78 | ||||
| Eligible voters | 61,688,485 | 61,688,485 |
Note Order according to the
result of second votes and, if applicable, first votes (different from the original) |
||||||||
| Voters | 46.976.341 | 76.2 | +4.6 | 46.976.341 | 76.2 | +4.6 | |||||
| Invalid votes | 586.726 | 1.2 | −0.3 | 460,849 | 1.0 | −0.3 | |||||
| Valid votes | 46,389,615 | 98.8 | +0.3 | 46,515,492 | 99.0 | +0.3 | |||||
Elected People
For a list of elected persons, see the list of members of the German Bundestag (19th electoral term) .
Result by federal state
It is colored in each case which party received the highest proportion of first or second votes in the federal state.
| Election results in the federal states (in%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | Eligible voters | CDU / CSU | SPD | AfD | FDP | left | Green | Others | |||||||||||||
| First | Second | First | Second | First | Second | First | Second | First | Second | First | Second | First | Second | ||||||||
| Baden-Württemberg | 7,732,597 | 39.3 | 34.4 | 19.5 | 16.4 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 8.7 | 12.7 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 2.2 | 4.5 | ||||||
| Bavaria | 9,522,371 | 44.2 | 38.8 | 18.1 | 15.3 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 6.5 | 10.2 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 6.5 | 7.5 | ||||||
| Berlin | 2,503,070 | 24.7 | 22.7 | 21.0 | 17.9 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 5.6 | 8.9 | 20.2 | 18.8 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 4.7 | 7.1 | ||||||
| Brandenburg | 2,051,559 | 29.0 | 26.7 | 20.5 | 17.6 | 19.4 | 20.2 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 6.3 | ||||||
| Bremen | 474.151 | 24.5 | 25.1 | 31.7 | 26.8 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 12.0 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 3.1 | 4.3 | ||||||
| Hamburg | 1,296,656 | 28.5 | 27.2 | 32.0 | 23.5 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 13.9 | 2.6 | 4.5 | ||||||
| Hesse | 4,408,986 | 35.4 | 30.9 | 29.2 | 23.5 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 7.1 | 11.5 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 2.4 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | 1,324,614 | 34.2 | 33.1 | 17.4 | 15.1 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 4.9 | ||||||
| Lower Saxony | 6,124,582 | 38.3 | 34.9 | 33.6 | 27.4 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 5.7 | 9.3 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 1.3 | 3.6 | ||||||
| North Rhine-Westphalia | 13,174,577 | 38.3 | 32.6 | 31.3 | 26.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 3.8 | ||||||
| Rhineland-Palatinate | 3,080,591 | 39.6 | 35.9 | 28.8 | 24.1 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 6.9 | 10.4 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 7.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | ||||||
| Saarland | 777.264 | 36.2 | 32.4 | 31.5 | 27.1 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 4.7 | 7.6 | 11.2 | 12.9 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 2.6 | 3.9 | ||||||
| Saxony | 3,329,550 | 30.6 | 26.9 | 11.7 | 10.5 | 25.4 | 27.0 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 17.5 | 16.1 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 6.7 | ||||||
| Saxony-Anhalt | 1,854,891 | 32.4 | 30.3 | 17.2 | 15.2 | 16.9 | 19.6 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 19.2 | 17.7 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 5.7 | ||||||
| Schleswig-Holstein | 2,266,012 | 39.8 | 34.0 | 28.8 | 23.3 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 12.6 | 5.3 | 7.3 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 1.3 | 2.7 | ||||||
| Thuringia | 1,767,014 | 31.6 | 28.8 | 14.6 | 13.2 | 22.5 | 22.7 | 5.5 | 7.8 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 6.5 | ||||||
Second vote results in the individual federal states
Second vote result in the new and old federal states
|
Bundestag election 2017 - old states and West Berlin
76.8% voter turnout % 40 30th 20th 10
0
34.1
21.9
11.4
10.7
9.8
7.4
4.7
Gains and losses
|
Bundestag election 2017 - new states and East Berlin
73.2% voter turnout % 30th 20th 10
0
27.6
21.9
17.8
13.9
7.5
5.0
6.3
Gains and losses
|
First vote result by constituency
This map shows the party affiliation of the candidates directly elected in the constituencies.
First vote results (candidates directly elected in the constituencies) CDU / CSU: 231 SPD: 59 LEFT: 5 AfD: 3 Greens: 1
- The CDU applicant in the constituency of Cloppenburg - Vechta , Silvia Breher , achieved the highest percentage of first votes with 57.7% .
- Eva Högl was elected by the SPD in Berlin-Mitte with the lowest percentage of votes ; she received 23.5% of the first votes.
- Jens Torbjörn Kartes prevailed in the constituency of Ludwigshafen / Frankenthal with the narrowest lead . The CDU applicant won 0.3 percentage points or 444 votes difference over the SPD applicant, in contrast to Stephan Mayer from the CSU, who won 41.4 percentage points or 51,988 votes ahead of the AfD candidate in Altötting , which is the biggest advantage.
- The largest gap between the first and second vote was with 14.7 percentage points in the constituency of Berlin-Treptow - Köpenick . Gregor Gysi received 39.9% of the first votes, while his party Die Linke received only 25.2% of the second votes.
- The highest voter turnout was recorded in the constituency of Munich-Land with 84.3% , the lowest with 64.8% in Duisburg II .
Second vote share of the parties according to constituencies
The following maps show the second vote result with which the parties that were elected to the Bundestag cut off in the constituencies.
CDU / CSU 13.9 - 25% > 25 - 30% > 30 - 35% > 35 - 40% > 40 - 53.1%
SPD 7.8 - 15% > 15 - 20% > 20 - 25% > 25 - 30% > 30 - 37.8%
AfD 4.9-10% > 10-15% > 15-20% > 20-25% > 25-35.5%
FDP 5.3 - 9% > 9 - 11% > 11 - 13% > 13 - 15% > 15 - 19.7%
The left 4.2 - 7.5% > 7.5 - 10% > 10 - 15% > 15 - 20% > 20 - 29.3%
Green 2.2 - 5% > 5 - 8% > 8 - 11% > 11 - 14% > 14 - 21.2%
Turnout by constituency
voter turnout
After the election
Legislation
Parliament must meet for a constituent session within 30 days of the election. The last possible and ultimately chosen date was October 24, 2017. With the meeting of the new Bundestag, the old electoral term ( Article 39.1 of the Basic Law ) and the term of office of the Federal Government ( Article 69.2 of the Basic Law ) ended. As long as no new government has been sworn in, the previous one remains in office ( Art. 69 (3 ) GG ).
Government formation
On the evening of the election, the SPD announced that it would not be available for a grand coalition with the Union, but would go into the opposition. The only coalition option that was not previously ruled out was a Jamaica coalition made up of the four parties CDU, CSU, FDP and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen.
After four weeks of exploratory talks to form a Jamaica coalition, the party chairman of the FDP, Christian Lindner , declared the negotiations to have failed on November 19, 2017.
Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier then held intensive talks with the party leaders and emphatically reminded the elected members of the Bundestag of their obligation to the common good and to form a government. According to Article 63.1 of the Basic Law, the procedure for electing the Federal Chancellor can only be started with a proposal by the Federal President.
As a result, exploratory talks between the CDU, CSU and SPD took place, which were concluded on January 12, 2018 with the presentation of a 28-page paper. On January 21, at a special party congress of the SPD in Bonn, 56.4 percent of the delegates voted to start coalition negotiations with the Union parties. The supporters came mostly from the party leadership, among the opponents were the Juso chairman Kevin Kühnert and his deputy Jessica Rosenthal . After the negotiations were concluded at the beginning of February, the outcome of the negotiations was decided with a member vote of the SPD on the coalition agreement that was not legally binding for the members of the Bundestag . On February 7, 2018, the Union and the SPD agreed on a coalition agreement.
On February 26, 2018, the CDU voted at a party congress for a new edition of the grand coalition.
On March 4, 2018 it was announced that 66% of the participating SPD members approved the coalition agreement for the 19th parliamentary term of the Bundestag .
On March 14, 2018, Angela Merkel was re-elected Chancellor and the new cabinet was sworn in.
See also
literature
- Federal Returning Officer : Election to the 19th German Bundestag on September 24, 2017. Special issue of election applicants ( → download as PDF ), Wiesbaden 2017.
- Markus Feldenkirchen : The campaign. Martin Schulz and the longing for honest politics. , Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt , Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-421-04821-9 .
- Karl-Rudolf Korte , Jan Schoofs (Ed.): The Bundestag election 2017. Analyzes of election, party, communication and government research . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3-658-25049-2 .
- Jürgen P. Lang : Farewell to the East? Die Linke after the 2017 Bundestag election , Sankt Augustin / Berlin 2018 ( online ), ISBN 978-3-95721-450-8 .
Web links
- Election to the 19th German Bundestag on September 24, 2017 - Information from the Federal Returning Officer
- Election to the 19th German Bundestag on September 24, 2017 - on the information portal on political education
- Atlas of the federal election on September 24, 2017 in Germany - illustration of the result as interactive maps as well as current structural data on demographics and the economy, among other things
- Wahl-O-Mat - Platform of the Federal Agency for Civic Education with 38 questions on the election programs of 32 parties
- parteivergleich.eu - Answers from 31 parties to 87 questions about the federal election (20 subject areas)
- Election manifestos of the parties
- Electoral program SPD: Time for more justice (PDF)
- CDU / CSU election program: For a Germany in which we live well and happily (PDF)
- CSU election program: The Bayern Plan - Clear for our state (PDF)
- Election program Die Linke: Social. Fair. Peace. For all. The future we are fighting for! (PDF)
- Election program Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen: The future is made of courage (PDF)
- Election program FDP: let's think again. The program of the Free Democrats for the 2017 Bundestag election: "Let's stop watching." (PDF)
- AfD election program: Program for Germany (PDF)
- The PARTY election program: PARTY program for the 2017 federal election
- Electoral program FREIE VÄHLER: Free voters - the decent alternative (PDF)
- Election program party human environment animal protection: honest politics for all - alternatives to the lack of alternatives (PDF)
- Elective Program Alliance Basic Income: Program
- Election program ÖDP: People before profit (PDF)
- Election program Pirate Party: Look forward to new territory (PDF)
- Election program Party of the Humanists: Basic Program
- Election program MLPD: Election program Bundestag election 2017 (PDF)
- Election program Party of Reason: Bundestag election program 2017 (PDF)
- Election program Die Grauen - For All Generations: Party Program 2017 (PDF)
- Election program Party for Health Research: Election program 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ Final result of the 2017 federal election. In: bundeswahlleiter.de
- ↑ The Federal President / Press / Federal President Gauck issues an order for the federal election. In: bundespraesident.de. January 24, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Official data from the Federal Returning Officer, as of October 23, 2017
- ↑ In Bavaria the worst result of the CSU since 1949. In: spiegel.de , October 2, 2017.
- ↑ Election to the 19th German Bundestag. The Federal Returning Officer, accessed on December 6, 2016.
- ^ Amendment of the federal election regulations. The Federal Returning Officer, accessed on April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Choice selfies are now prohibited: The cross is a private matter. In: heise online. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ 2017 Bundestag election: This is how postal voting works. In: merkur.de. April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017 .
- ↑ constituencies. The Federal Returning Officer, accessed on July 28, 2017 .
- ↑ Federal Returning Officer Dr. Georg Thiel: 2017 Bundestag election . Federal Returning Officer, September 27, 2017, accessed on March 3, 2019 .
- ↑ 48 parties can participate in the 2017 federal election. Press release by the Federal Returning Officer on July 7, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g special edition of the election candidates for the election to the 19th German Bundestag. (PDF) The Federal Returning Officer, accessed on March 9, 2019 .
- ↑ 21 parties admitted to the Bundestag election in Bavaria. In: welt.de. July 28, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Merkel wants to run for office. CDU , November 20, 2016, accessed on November 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Seehofer: Merkel becomes the Union's common candidate for chancellor. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . January 29, 2017, accessed August 26, 2020 .
- ↑ cte / Reuters / AFP: Schulz elected SPD party leader with 100 percent. In: Spiegel Online . March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017 .
- ↑ Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Cem Özdemir form the top duo of the Greens. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. January 18, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Cem Özdemir win the primary election. In: gruene.de. Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen Bundespartei, January 18, 2017, archived from the original on February 16, 2017 ; Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ FDP relies on Christian Lindner for the 2017 election year. In: swp.de. November 20, 2016, archived from the original on December 1, 2016 ; accessed on December 6, 2016 .
- ↑ AfD boss Petry is not the only top candidate. In: Der Tagesspiegel . November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016 .
- ↑ AfD chooses Alexander Gauland and Alice Weidel as top candidates. In: FAZ.net . April 23, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ AfD elects unequal top duo: Gauland and Weidel party conference in Cologne. ( Memento from April 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) In: zeit.de , April 23, 2017, accessed on April 23, 2017
- ↑ tierschutzpartei.de
- ↑ Public meeting of the federal electoral committee on July 7, 2017: #BGE can be selected Excerpt from the admission meeting for the Alliance of Basic Income , in youtube.com , July 7, 2017. Accessed on July 9, 2017.
- ↑ Cabaret artist Somuncu wants to become Federal Chancellor. December 2, 2016, accessed December 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Pirate Party Germany: Federal Party Congress: Top trio carries PIRATES in the German Bundestag ›Pirate Party Germany. March 25, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ 0sul: the federal electoral committee approves the mountain party, the superparty , in 2017. July 11, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017 .
- ^ Party of Humanists: Federal Party Congress: Die Humanisten Nordrhein-Westfalen ›Party of Humanists. September 11, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017 .
- ↑ 10,000 ideas for Germany. In: cdu.de. Retrieved May 23, 2017 .
- ↑ For a country in which we live well and happily. Government program 2017–2021. In: cdu.de . July 3, 2017. Retrieved July 3, 2017
- ^ Election program of the SPD. In: bundestagswahl-bw.de. Retrieved September 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Bundestag election program 2017. In: die-linke.de. Retrieved May 18, 2017 .
- ↑ Green election platform for the 2017 federal election: The future is made of courage. In: gruene.de. June 19, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2017 .
- ↑ 68th Ord. Federal Party Congress. In: fdp.de. Retrieved May 23, 2017 .
- ^ Program for Germany - election program of the Alternative for Germany for the election to the German Bundestag on September 24, 2017. (PDF) In: afd.de. Archived from the original on September 26, 2017 ; Retrieved June 25, 2017 .
- ^ Program for Germany - short version of the election program of the Alternative for Germany for the election to the German Bundestag on September 24, 2017. (PDF) In: afd.de. Retrieved September 15, 2017 .
- ^ Election program for the 2017 Bundestag election of the Human Environment and Animal Welfare party . Archived from the original on September 28, 2017.
- ↑ Bundestag election 2017 / election program - Piratenwiki. Retrieved July 19, 2017 .
- ^ Federal political program of the ÖDP. Retrieved May 29, 2017 .
- ^ Basic Income Alliance: Program. In: buendnis-grundeinkommen.de . Retrieved July 9, 2017.
- ↑ Your program . ( online [accessed September 4, 2017]). Your program ( Memento from August 19, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ PARTY's electoral program for health research for the 2017 federal election. Accessed on July 19, 2017 .
- ↑ Party program 2017 of the gray . Archived from the original on July 30, 2017.
- ^ Basic program - Party of Humanists. Retrieved September 29, 2017 .
- ↑ program - mountain party, the over party. Retrieved on August 22, 2017 (German).
- ↑ CDU criticizes fall birth, SPD is euphoric. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved January 30, 2017 .
- ↑ SPD rejects further grand coalition. In: The time . January 28, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Jan Drebes, Eva Quadbeck: Interview with SPD General Secretary Katarina Barley: Martin Schulz should 'heat up' in NRW. In: rp-online.de. Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Results . The Federal Returning Officer.
- ^ Marvin Strathmann: Election forecasts: The next Federal Chancellor will ... In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , July 20, 2017.
- ^ Friederike Hofmann: Schulz and Merkel on par. In: tagesschau.de. January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017 .
- ↑ SPD overtakes Union in Insa survey. In: The world . February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017 .
- ↑ Survey on the federal election: The "Schulz effect" is finally over. In: Mercury. May 11, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Black and yellow would be possible in the federal government. In: Mercury. May 23, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Insa survey: FDP becomes double-digit. In: Handesblatt. May 30, 2017, accessed May 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Merkel and Schulz reach an agreement with broadcasters. In: faz.net. July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017 .
- ↑ faz.net , faz.net from April 25, 2017
- ↑ Exchange of blows - The TV three-way battle between the left, the Greens and the CSU . ( zdf.de [accessed September 4, 2017]).
- ↑ The pentathlon after the TV duel. In: daserste.de. Retrieved September 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Timo Niemeier: ARD and ZDF are planning discussions with all major parties . In: Dwdl.de . June 9, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
- ↑ a b Article: Mission Bundestag election: OSCE election observer in Germany. In: AuswärtigesAmt.de . September 22, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Report: Bundestag election: OSCE sends election observers to Germany. In: Zeit Online . August 1, 2017, accessed December 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Silvia Stöber: Electoral system in Germany: Stricter rules before it's too late. ( Memento from October 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) In: Fact Finder.Tagesschau.de . October 12, 2017, accessed December 15, 2019.
- ^ Message (dpa): OSCE observer: Bundestag election was transparent and without manipulation. In: Handelsblatt.de . September 25, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ↑ Carla Baum: Member of the Bundestag: These parliamentary groups have the lowest percentage of women. In: Welt.de . September 27, 2017, accessed December 15, 2019.
- ^ Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR): Elections to the federal parliament (Bundestag) - Final Report. OSCE , Warsaw, November 27, 2017, p. 6 (English; PDF: 223 kB, 13 pages on osce.org ).
- ↑ 2017 Bundestag election . Final result. Federal Returning Officer , archived from the original on November 24, 2017 ; accessed on August 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Jasmin Beisiegel and Viktoria Bräuner: This is what Germany looks like after the right-wing RUMMS. bild.de, September 25, 2017, accessed on September 26, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c George Arnett, Philip Kuhn: These are the extremes of the federal election. welt.de, September 26, 2017, accessed on September 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Lisa Caspari: First session of the Bundestag: It won't be boring . In: The time . October 24, 2017, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed November 25, 2017]).
- ↑ Liberals break off negotiations in Jamaica. Spiegel Online, November 19, 2017, accessed on the same day.
- ^ Declaration on the formation of a government . in Bellevue Palace , The Federal President . November 20, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
- ^ Results of the exploratory talks between the CDU, CSU and SPD. (PDF) January 12, 2018, accessed January 12, 2018 .
- ↑ The GroKo explorers have agreed on this. In: spiegel.de. Spiegel Online, January 12, 2018, accessed January 12, 2018 .
- ↑ SPD votes for coalition negotiations with the Union. Spiegel Online, January 21, 2017, accessed on the same day
- ↑ A new departure for Europe. A new dynamic for Germany. A new cohesion for our country. Coalition agreement between the CDU, CSU and SPD. As of February 7, 2018
- ↑ CDU party congress votes for coalition agreement with SPD in: ZEIT ONLINE , accessed on February 26, 2018
- ↑ SPD members vote for Grand Coalition in: Spiegel online , accessed on March 4, 2018
