List of heads of state 1664

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Africa

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Fasilides (1632–1667)

Bamum (in today's Cameroon )
- King : Kigeri II. (1648–1672)

Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
- King / May: Ali II (1639–1677)

Dahomey
- King : Houegbadja (1645–1685)

Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : Birayma Mba (1649-1670)

Kano
- King: Bawa (1660–1670)

Congo
- Mani-Congo : Antonio I (1661-1665)

Morocco ( Alawids )
- Sultan : Moulay Muhammad ash-Sharif (1635–1664)
- Sultan: Mulai ar-Raschid (1664–1672)

Munhumutapa Empire
- Ruler : Kamharapasu Mukombwe (1663–1692)

Rwanda
- King : Kigeri II. (1648–1672)

Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
- Sultan : Badi II. (1644 / 45–1681)

America

Brazil
- Viceroy : Vasco de Mascarenhas (1663–1667) (1640 Governor General of Brazil; 1652–1653 Viceroy of Portuguese India)

Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Viceroy : Juan de Leyva y de la Cerda (1660–1664)
- Viceroy: Diego Osorio de Escobar (1664)
- Viceroy: Antonio Sebastián de Toledo (1664–1673)

Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroy : Diego Benavides de la Cueva (1661–1666)

Asia

Burma
- Arakan
  - King: Sanda Thudhamma (1652–1674)
- Taungu
  - King : Pye (1661–1672)

Brunei
- Sultan : Abdul Mubin (1660–1673)

China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor : Kangxi (1661–1722)

Georgia
- Imereti
  - King : Dimitri Guriel (1663–1664)
  - King: Bagrat V. ( 1660 , 1664–1668, 1668–1678, 1679–1681 )
- Kakheti
  - King : Artschil II. (1664–1675)
- Kartlien
  - King : Wachtang V (1658–1675)
- Mingrelia
  - Prince : Levan III. Dadiani (1661-1681)

India
- Ahom (Assam)
  - King : Supangmunga (1663-1670)
- Dekkan Sultanates (in Central India)
  - Bijapur
    - Sultan : Ali Adil Shah II (1656–1672)
  - Golkonda (Qutub Shahi dynasty)
    - Sultan: Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
- Madurai
  - Nayak : Chokkanatha Nayak (1662–1682)
- Mughal Empire
  - Great Mughal : Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
- Mysore
  - Maharaja: Dodda Kempadevaraja (1659–1673)
- Portuguese India
  - Viceroy : António de Melo e Castro (1662–1666)

Indonesia
- Aceh
  - Sultan : Safiyat ud-Din Taj al-Alam bint Iskandar Muda (1641–1675)
- Johor
  - Sultan : Abdul Jalil Shah III. (1623–1677)
- Dutch East Indies
  - Governor General : Joan Maetsuycker (1653–1678) (1646–1660 Governor of Dutch Ceylon)

Japan
- Emperor (Tennō) : Reigen (1663–1687)
- Shogun : Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651-1680)

Cambodia
- King : Barom Reachea V (1659–1672)

Kazak Khanate
- Khan : Batyr (1652-1680)

Cambodia
- King : Barom Reachea V (1659–1672)

Kazak Khanate
- Khan : Batyr (1652-1680)

Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Hyeonjong (1659–1674)

Lan Xang (in what is now Laos )
- King : Sulingvongse (1638–1690)

Nepal
- Bhaktapur
  - King : Jagat Prakash Malla (1644–1673)
- Kantipur
  - King : Pratap Malla (1641–1674)
- Lalitpur
  - King : Srinivasa Malla (1661–1685)

Persia ( Safavid Dynasty )
- Shah : Abbas II (1642–1666)

Philippines
- Maguindanao
  - Sultan: Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (1619–1671) (1645–1648 Sultan of Sulu)
- Sulu
  - Sultan: Salahud-Din Bakhtiar (1650–1680)

Sri Lanka
- Kandy
  - King : Rajasinha II (1629–1687)
- Dutch Ceylon
  - Governor : Jacob Hustaert (1663–1664)
  - Governor: Ryklof van Goens ( 1660–1661, 1663 , 1664–1675)

Thailand ( Ayutthaya )
- King : Narai (1656–1688)

Vietnam
- Cao Bằng ( Mạc Dynasty )
  - Ruler: Mạc Kính Vũ (1638–1677)
- Lê dynasty
  - King: Lê Huyền Tông (1662–1671)
- Nguyen (in the south of Vietnam)
  - Ruler: Nguyễn Phúc Tần (1648–1687)
- Trinh
  - Ruler: Trịnh Tac (1657–1682)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - King of France : Louis XIV (1643–1715)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Melcior Palau i Boscà (1664–1670)

Denmark and Norway
- King : Friedrich III. (1648–1670) (1634–1648 administrator of Bremen, 1623–1629, 1634–1648 administrator of Verden)

England , Ireland and Scotland
- King : Charles II (1660–1685)

France
- King : Louis XIV (1643–1715)

Holy Roman Empire
- King and Emperor : Leopold I (1658–1705) (1657–1705 King of Bohemia, 1657–1705 Archduke of Austria, 1657–1705 King of Hungary)
- Electoral College
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Elector : Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern (1650–1688) (1650–1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1650–1688 Bishop of Liège, 1683–1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650–1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1657 Abbot of Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Principality of Mainz
    - Elector : Johann Philipp von Schönborn (1647–1673) (1663–1673 Bishop of Worms, 1642–1673 Bishop of Würzburg)
  - Archbishopric of Trier
    - Elector : Karl Kaspar von der Leyen (1652–1676)
  - Duchy of Bavaria
    - Elector : Ferdinand Maria (1651–1679)
  - Kingdom of Bohemia
    - Elector : Leopold I (1657–1705) (1658–1705 Emperor, 1657–1705 Archduke of Austria, 1657–1705 King of Hungary)
  - Margraviate of Brandenburg
    - Elector : Friedrich Wilhelm (1640–1688) (1640–1688 Duke of Prussia)
  - Palatine County near the Rhine
    - Elector : Karl I. Ludwig (1648–1680)
  - Duchy of Saxony
    - Elector : Johann Georg II. (1656–1680)
- spiritual imperial princes
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Sigismund Franz of Austria (1646–1665) (1659–1665 Bishop of Trient)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Philipp Valentin Voit von Rieneck (1653–1672)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Johann Konrad I von Roggenbach (1656–1693)
  - Prince Provost Berchtesgaden
    - Provost : Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern (1650–1688) (1650–1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650–1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1650–1688 Bishop of Lüttich, 1683–1688 Bishop of Münster, 1657 Abbot of Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Sigmund Alphons von Thun (1663–1677) (1668–1677 Bishop of Trient)
  - Archbishopric of Cambrai
    - Archbishop : Gaspard Nemius van den Bosch ou Dubois (1649–1667)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Bishop : Ulrich VI. de Mont (1661–1692)
  - Corvey Abbey
    - Abbot : Christoph Bernhard von Galen (1661–1678) (1650–1678 Bishop of Münster)
  - Balleien of the Teutonic Order
    - Grand Master : Karl Joseph of Austria (1662–1664) (1663–1664 Bishop of Passau)
    - Grand Master: Johann Caspar von Ampringen (1664–1684)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Marquard II Schenk von Castell (1637–1685)
  - Prince Provost Ellwangen
    - Provost : Johann Christoph III. von Freyberg (1660–1674) (1665–1690 Bishop of Augsburg)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Albrecht Sigismund of Bavaria (1651–1685) (1668–1685 Bishop of Regensburg)
  - Fulda Abbey
    - Abbot : Joachim Graf Gravenegg (1644–1671)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern (1650–1688) (1650–1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650–1688 Bishop of Liège, 1683–1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650–1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1657 Abbot of Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Prince Abbey of Kempten
    - Abbot : Roman Giel von Gielsberg (1639–1673)
  - Constance monastery
    - Bishop : Franz Johann Vogt von Altensumerau and Prasberg (1645–1689)
  - Hochstift Lübeck (1555–1803 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : Christian Albrecht von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1655–1666) (1659–1695 Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Bishop : Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern (1650–1688) (1650–1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650–1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1683–1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650–1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1657 Abbot of Stablo-Malmedy)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg (1566–1631, 1638–1680 Protestant administrators)
    - Administrator : August von Sachsen-Weißenfels (1638–1680)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Christoph Bernhard von Galen (1650–1678) (1661–1678 Abbot of Corvey)
  - Hochstift Osnabrück (1662–1802 alternating between Catholic and Lutheran bishops)
    - Bishop : Ernst August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1662–1698) (1692–1698 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1669–1698 Duke of Braunschweig-Calenberg)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Bishop : Ferdinand II von Fürstenberg (1661–1683) (1687–1683 Bishop of Münster)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Karl Joseph of Austria (1662–1664) (1662–1664 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
    - Bishop: Wenceslaus of Thun (1664–1673)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Adam Lorenz von Toerring-Stein (1663–1666)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Guidobald von Thun (1654–1668) (1666–1668 Bishop of Regensburg)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid (1652–1675) (1673–1675 Archbishop of Mainz, 1673–1675 Bishop of Worms)
  - Stablo-Malmedy Abbey
    - Abbot : Franz Egon I von Fürstenberg (1657–1682) (1663–1682 Bishop of Strasbourg)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Franz Egon von Fürstenberg (1663–1682) (1657–1682 Abbot of Stablo and Malmedy)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : Sigismund Franz of Austria (1659–1665) (1646–1665 Bishop of Augsburg)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Johann Philipp I von Schönborn (1663–1673) (1647–1673 Archbishop of Mainz, 1642–1673 Bishop of Würzburg)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann Philipp von Schönborn (1642–1673) (1647–1673 Archbishop of Mainz, 1663–1673 Bishop of Worms)
- secular imperial princes
  - Principality of Anhalt
    - Anhalt-Bernburg
      - Prince : Viktor I. Amadeus (1656–1718)
    - Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
      - Prince : Johann Georg II. (1660–1693)
    - Anhalt-Harzgerode
      - Prince : Friedrich (1635–1670)
    - Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
      - Prince : Wilhelm Ludwig (1650–1665)
    - Anhalt-Plötzkau
      - Prince : Lebrecht (1654–1665) (1665–1669 Prince of Anhalt-Köthen)
      - Prince: Emanuel (1654–1665) (1665–1670 Prince of Anhalt-Köthen)
    - Anhalt-Zerbst
      - Prince : Johann VI. (1621-1667)
  - Arenberg
    - Duke : Philipp Franz (1640–1674) (prince until 1644)
  - Margraviate of Baden
    - Baden-Baden
      - Margrave : Wilhelm (1622–1677)
    - Baden-Durlach
      - Margrave : Friedrich VI. (1659–1677)
  - Brandenburg-Ansbach
    - Margrave : Albrecht II (1634–1667)
  - Brandenburg-Bayreuth
    - Margrave : Christian Ernst (1655–1712)
  - Braunschweig-Lüneburg
    - Calenberg-Göttingen
      - Duke: Georg Wilhelm (1648–1665) (1665–1705 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
    - Luneburg
      - Duke : Christian Ludwig (1648–1665) (1641–1648 Duke of Braunschweig-Calenberg-Göttingen)
    - Wolfenbüttel
      - Duke : August II (1635–1666)
  - Hessen-Darmstadt
    - Landgrave : Ludwig VI. (1661–1678)
  - Hessen-Kassel
    - Landgrave : Wilhelm VII. (1663-1670)
  - Hohenzollern-Hechingen
    - Prince : Philipp (1661–1671)
  - Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
    - Prince : Meinrad I (1638–1681)
  - Jülich and Berg
    - Duke : Philipp Wilhelm (1653–1679) (1685–1690 Elector of the Palatinate, 1653–1690 Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg)
  - Leuchtenberg
    - Duke : Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus (1650–1705)
  - Liechtenstein
    - Prince : Karl Eusebius (1627–1684)
  - Lorraine
    - Duke : Charles IV ( 1625–1634, 1641 , 1661–1670)
  - Duchy of Mecklenburg
    - Mecklenburg-Guestrow
      - Duke : Gustav Adolf (1636–1695) (1636–1648 administrator of Ratzeburg)
    - Mecklenburg-Schwerin
      - Duke : Christian Ludwig I (1658–1692)
  - Nassau
    - Ottonian line
      - Nassau-Diez
        
        Prince : Wilhelm Friedrich (1640–1664) (count until 1654) (1640–1664 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)
        
        Prince: Heinrich Casimir II. (1664–1696) (1664–1696 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)
      - Nassau-Dillenburg
        Prince : Heinrich (1662–1701)
      - Nassau-Hadamar
        Prince : Moritz Heinrich (1653–1679)
      - Nassau-Siegen (Catholic line)
        Prince : Johann Franz Desideratus (1638–1699) (count until 1652)
      - Nassau-Siegen (reformed line)
        
        Prince : Johann Moritz (1623–1679) (count until 1652)
        
        Prince: Georg Friedrich (1623–1674) (count until 1664)
  - Austria
    - Archduke : Leopold V (1657–1705) (1658–1705 Emperor, 1657–1705 King of Bohemia, 1657–1705 King of Hungary)
  - Ostfriesland
    - Prince : Georg Christian (1660–1665)
  - Pfalz-Neuburg
    - Duke : Philipp Wilhelm (1653–1690) (1685–1690 Elector of the Palatinate, 1653–1679 Duke of Jülich and Berg)
  - Pfalz-Sulzbach
    - Duke : Christian August (1656–1708)
  - Palatinate-Veldenz
    - Duke : Leopold Ludwig (1634–1694)
  - Pfalz-Zweibrücken
    - Duke : Friedrich Ludwig (1661–1681)
  - Duchy of Saxony
    - Saxony-Altenburg
      - Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm II. (1639–1669)
    - Saxe-Gotha
      - Duke: Ernst I (1640–1672) (1672–1675 Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg)
    - Saxe-Weimar
      - Duke : Johann Ernst II. (1662–1683)
  - Saxony-Lauenburg
    - Duke : Julius Heinrich (1656–1665)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
    - Duke : Christian Albrecht (1659–1695) (1655–1666 administrator of Lübeck)
  - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
    - Duke : Christian Adolf I (1653–1667 / 1702) (loses Sønderborg to Denmark in 1667, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Franzhagen from 1676–1702)

Italian states
- Genoa
  - Doge : Stefano De Mari (1663-1665)
- Guastalla
  - Duke : Ferrante III. Gonzaga (1632-1678)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Alexander VII (1655–1667)
- Milan (1535–1706 to Spain)
  - Duke : Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665)
    - Governor : Luis de Guzmán Ponce de Leon (1662–1668)
- Mantua (1533–1708 personal union with Montferrat)
  - Duke : Carlo II. Gonzaga (1637-1665)
- Massa and Carrara
  - Duke : Alberico II. Cibo-Malaspina (1662–1690) (until 1664 prince)
- Mirandola
  - Duke : Alessandro II Pico (1637–1691)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Francesco II. D'Este (1662–1694)
- Montferrat (1533–1708 personal union with Mantua)
  - Duke : Carlo II. Gonzaga (1637-1665)
- Naples (1503–1707 / 14 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665)
    - Viceroy : Gaspar de Bracamonte Guzmán, Count of Peñaranda (1658–1664)
    - Viceroy: Pascual de Aragón (1664–1666)
- Parma and Piacenza
  - Duke : Ranuccio II. Farnese (1646–1694)
- Piombino
  - Prince : Niccolò I. Ludovisi (1634–1664)
  - Prince: Giovan Battista Ludovisi (1664–1699)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Marc'Antonio Gozi (1663–1664, 1670, 1674–1675, 1678, 1682–1683 ) and Cristoforo Gianotti (1663–1664)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Carlo Loli ( 1646, 1651–16525, 1655, 1658–1659 , 1664, 1668, 1672, 1677–1678, 1682, 1686, 1689–1690 ) and Vincenzo Lorenzoni ( 1634–1635, 1639, 1646, 1651, 1656, 1660 , 1664)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Francesco Maccioni (1664–1665, 1668–1669, 1674, 1679, 1683, 1688–1689, 1692, 1696, 1699–1700, 1706–1707, 1710–1711 ) and Giovanni Serafini ( 1637–1638, 1642, 1648, 1653, 1656–1657, 1660 , 1664–1665, 1671–1672, 1675, 1681 )
- Savoy
  - Duke : Charles Emanuel II (1638–1675)
- Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
  - King : Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665)
    - Viceroy : Francesco Caetani (1662–1667) (1660–1662 governor of Milan)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke : Ferdinando II. De 'Medici (1621–1670)
- Venice
  - Doge : Domenico II. Contarini (1659–1675)

Khanate of Crimea
- Khan : Mehmed IV. Giray ( 1641–1644 , 1654–1666)

Courland
- Duke : Jakob Kettler (1642–1682)

Malta
- Grand Master : Nicolas Cotoner (1663–1680)

Moldova (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Eustatie Dabija (1661–1665)

Monaco
- Prince : Louis I (1662–1701)

Netherlands
- Republic of the Seven United Provinces
  - Friesland
    - Governor : Wilhelm Friedrich von Nassau-Dietz (1640–1664) (1640–1664 governor of Groningen and Drenthe, 1640–1654 Count of Nassau-Dietz, 1654–1664 Prince of Nassau-Dietz)
    - Governor: Heinrich Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz (1664–1696) (1664–1696 governor of Groningen and Drenthe, 1664–1696 Prince of Nassau-Dietz)
  - Drenthe and Groningen
    - Governor : Wilhelm Friedrich von Nassau-Dietz (1640–1664) (1640–1664 governor of Friesland, 1640–1654 Count of Nassau-Dietz, 1654–1664 Prince of Nassau-Dietz)
    - Governor: Heinrich Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz (1664–1696) (1664–1696 governor of Friesland, 1664–1696 Prince of Nassau-Dietz)
  - Holland and Zeeland
    - Governor : vacant (1650–1672)
  - Overijssel and Gelderland
    - Governor : vacant (1650–1675)
  - Utrecht
    - Governor : vacant (1650–1672)
- Spanish Netherlands (formally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1714/95)
  - Governor : Luis de Benavides Carillo (1659–1664)
  - Governor: Francisco de Moura Cortereal (1664–1668)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Mehmed IV (1648-1687)

Poland
- King : John II Casimir (1648–1668)

Portugal
- King : Alfonso VI. (1656–1683)

Prussia
- Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm (1640–1688) (1640–1688 Elector of Brandenburg)

Russia
- Tsar : Alexei I (1645–1676)

Sweden
- King : Charles XI. (1660–1697) (1681–1697 Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken)

Transylvania
- Prince : Michael I. Apafi (1661–1690)

Spain
- King : Philip IV (1621–1665) (1621–1640 King of Portugal)

Hungary
- King : Leopold I (1657–1705) (1658–1705 Emperor, 1657–1705 King of Bohemia, 1657–1705 Archduke of Austria)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Grigore I. Ghica (1660–1664, 1672–1673 )
- Prince: Radu Leon (1664–1669)