Sarrebourg
| Sarrebourg | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Moselle | |
| Arrondissement | Sarrebourg-Château-Salins | |
| Canton | Sarrebourg (main town) | |
| Community association | Sarrebourg Moselle Sud | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 44 ' N , 7 ° 3' E | |
| height | 244-325 m | |
| surface | 16.40 km 2 | |
| Residents | 12,045 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 734 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 57400 | |
| INSEE code | 57630 | |
| Website | Sarrebourg | |
 Sarrebourg Town Hall ( Hôtel de ville ) |
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Sarrebourg (German Saarburg , Lorraine Saarburch / Saarbuerj ) is a French commune with 12,045 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Moselle department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Lorraine ).
Sarrebourg is a sub-prefecture (French sous-préfecture ) of the Moselle department and the administrative seat of the Communauté de communes Sarrebourg Moselle Sud .
geography
The village is located in a wide basin on the upper reaches of the Saar at 315 m above sea level. The closest major cities are Strasbourg , Saarbrücken and Nancy .
history
Antiquity
The Roman post office Pons Saravi was built about 2000 years ago where the Roman road from Reims to Strasbourg crossed the Saar at a ford . Located at the intersection of large streets and in the middle of a fertile basin, the place developed into a trading center. The Villa Saint-Ulrich with its 33 individual buildings testifies to the importance of the place at that time.
Mid-3rd century began the invasion of the Germans in the Roman provinces on the Rhine. The first fortifications were built. The Limes fell in 259/260 and the Rhine border around 455. This was the beginning of the Franconian settlement of the area around Saarburg.
middle Ages
At the time of the Merovingians , the city was an important center due to its location on the road from the Upper Rhine over the salt pans in the Seille area to Metz and is documented as a Sareburgo mint in 713 and as a castrum in the Carolingian era in 818 . 713 a Count Willibert holds court here, 720/721 a Count Adalchard . The latter name refers to the later Carolingian Seneschal Adalhard .
In the Treaty of Meerssen in 870, in which eastern Lotharingia was added to Eastern Franconia , the area around Sarrebourg is referred to as the Upper Saargau . In 966 a county of Sarrebourg ( comitatus Saraburg ) is documented, Count is Odacher , probably a descendant of the Odaker from the Wigeriche family, who ruled in 893 in Bliesgau to the north .
Sarrebourg became tangible as a fief between the bishops of Metz and the counts of Metz .
At the time of Emperor Otto (967–983), Folmar I, “ Graff zu Sarburg” , was in office, who was also Count in Bliesgau from 982–995. His descendants appeared as Counts of Metz, Lords of Lunéville and Hombourg-Haut and were vassals of the Bishop of Metz.
1171 or later, after the death of Folmar VII, the last agnatic descendant of Folmar I, he was inherited by his cousin Hugo X. von Dagsburg .
After the death of Gertrud von Dagsburg in 1225, the diocese of Metz withdrew the fiefdoms ( Grafschaft Metz , Herrenstein , Türkstein , Saarburg and Saaralben ) as settled and from then on exercised direct control over the area.
In 1240 the city fortifications were expanded. An economic boom set in, which reached its peak in the 14th century. Glass and ceramic production was one of the foundations of this boom.
Relations after Metz deteriorated. On November 2, 1464, Sarrebourg submitted to the Duchy of Lorraine by treaty .
Modern times
The city was devastated in the Thirty Years War . The plague and famine followed, so that Duke Leopold was finally forced to call immigrants from Tyrol , Switzerland and Italy to Lorraine.
In the Peace of Vincennes in 1661, Sarrebourg became part of France and was now part of the strip of land that connected France with Alsace and divided Lorraine. The destroyed city was rebuilt.
In 1861 the city had 2860 inhabitants. Since the peace treaty of Frankfurt between the French Republic and the German Empire on May 10, 1871, Saarburg has belonged to the realm of Alsace-Lorraine . With the newly created administrative structure, Saarburg was the administrative seat of the district and canton of Saarburg in the Lorraine district. The city experienced a time as a traffic and administrative center as well as an extensive garrison (staff of the 59th Infantry and 30th Cavalry Brigade, an infantry regiment No. 97, the Uhlan regiments No. 11 and No. 15 and two divisions of field artillery No. 15) of prosperity.
In August 1914 the "Battle of Saarburg" took place here as part of the Battle of Lorraine . French troops had penetrated into Reich territory on this section of the front and were repulsed with heavy casualties. It reminds u. A. the cross of Saarburg , a field cross standing in the neighboring town of Buhl-Lorraine , from which the crossbeam was shot away by a grenade on August 20, 1914, so that the sculpture of the crucified one rises up into the sky. After the end of the First World War , Saarburg came to France in 1919 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . During the Second World War , the village was occupied by the German Wehrmacht . After the end of the war it was re-occupied by France.
The city is a commercial center with industries in the fields of metal processing, printing, shoe production ( Mephisto ) and agricultural products.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 2860 | including 301 Protestants , six Mennonites and 374 Israelites |
| 1872 | 3030 | |
| 1890 | 5445 | |
| 1905 | 9815 | with the garrison ( staff of the 59th Infantry Brigade and 30th Cavalry Brigade , an infantry regiment No. 97, two Uhlan regiments No. 11 and 15, two divisions of field artillery No. 15), mostly Catholic inhabitants, according to other information 9809 inhabitants |
| 1910 | 10,019 |
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 |
| Residents | 11,080 | 11,413 | 12,615 | 12,699 | 13,311 | 13,330 | 12,786 |
Town twinning
Attractions
- St. Bartholomew Church
- Franciscan Chapel ( Chapelle des Cordeliers ) from the 13th and 16th centuries with a large glass window by Marc Chagall
- Local history museum ( Musée du Pays de Sarrebourg )
- Gallo-Roman Villa Saint-Ulrich
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Anatole de Baudot (1834–1915), architect, architectural historian and restorer
- Alexander von Warsberg (1836–1889), Austrian government official and travel writer
- Charles Mangin (1866-1925), General
- Ludwig Munzinger (1877–1957), journalist and first editor of the Munzinger archive
- Wilhelm Rieger (1878–1971), economist
- Kurt von Lersner (1883–1954), diplomat and politician
- Emil Herfurth (1887–1951), politician and writer
- Gerhard von Haniel (1888–1955), painter
- Alfred Wünnenberg (1891–1963), member of the SS and police officer
- Erwin Menny (1893–1949), Lieutenant General in World War II
- Friedrich A. Lutz (1901–1975), economist
- Herbert von Eine (1905–1983), art historian
- Jean Stock (* 1948), journalist and TV manager
- Christian Streiff (* 1954), manager
- Yohan Croizet (* 1992), soccer player
It worked in the place
- Georg Clemens Müller (1875–1920), member of the state parliament and mayor of Saarburg
- Pierre Messmer (1916–2007), French Prime Minister, Minister, Mayor of Sarrebourg
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johannes Hoops, Heinrich Beck (Ed.): Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Volume 26. Walter de Gruyter, 2004, p. 14 ( [1] )
- ^ Andreas Schommer: The Count's House "Metz - Lunéville - Blieskastel". Retrieved September 16, 2016 .
- ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts. First section. AG. In: JS Versch, JG Gruber (Hrsg.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts edited in alphabetical order by the authors mentioned . 29th part. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1837, p. 19 ( google.de ).
- ^ Georg Lang: The government district of Lorraine. Statistical-topographical manual, administrative scheme and address book , Metz 1874, p. 154 ( online )
- ^ Complete geographic-topographical-statistical local lexicon of Alsace-Lorraine. Contains: the cities, towns, villages, castles, communities, hamlets, mines and steel works, farms, mills, ruins, mineral springs, etc. with details of the geographical location, factory, industrial and other commercial activity, the post, railway u. Telegraph stations and the like historical notes etc. Adapted from official sources by H. Rudolph. Louis Zander, Leipzig 1872, Sp. 53 ( online )
- ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 351 ( online );