Ostrovačice
| Ostrovačice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
|
||||
| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Brno-venkov | ||||
| Area : | 782 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 12 ' N , 16 ° 25' E | ||||
| Height: | 330 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 699 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 664 81 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | D 1 : Prague - Brno | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Tomáš Hájek (as of 2009) | ||||
| Address: | náměstí Viléma Mrštíka 54 664 81 Ostrovačice |
||||
| Municipality number: | 583600 | ||||
| Website : | www.ostrovacice.eu | ||||
Ostrovačice (German Schwarzkirchen ) is a minority town in the Czech Republic . It is located 15 kilometers west of the city center of Brno on the outskirts and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov .
geography
Ostrovačice is located on the left side of the stream číčanský potok ( Mühlbach ) in the Boskovická brázda ( Boskowitz Furche ) at the transition to the Bobravská vrchovina . To the northeast rises the Lipový vrch (478 m), in the east the Kopeček (479 m), southwest the Velehrádky (388 m) and in the west the Velký Okrouhlík (454 m). Ostrovačice is bypassed in the east and north by the D1 / E 55 / E 65 motorway, exit 178 is 500 m north of the village. To the northeast is the Podkomorské lesy nature reserve. The Brno Automotodrom is located three kilometers to the east in the forest .
Neighboring towns are Veverské Knínice , Hvozdec and Nový Dvůr in the north, Rozdrojovice , Kníničky and Bystrc in the north-east, Žebětín in the east, Popůvky , Kývalka and Omice in the south-east, Tetčice and Rosice in the south, Zastávka in the south-west and Říčany in the west.
history
The oldest mention of the place in a deed of donation from Duke Břetislav I, dated November 26, 1048, of the Domašov manor to the Rajhrad Benedictine monastery has proven to be a forgery from the 13th century. The document dated November 6, 1255 on the right to fill the parish in Ostrovačice is authentic. A small part of the village belonged to Marold von Ostrovačice around 1390 and another part to Eichhorn Castle . In 1420 Jobst Hecht von Rossitz was named as the owner of the Eichhorn share. Emperor Sigismund confirmed all of his privileges to the monastery in 1436, including donation from 1048. In 1468, during the power struggle for the Bohemian crown, Duke Viktorin , a son of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady , occupied Ostrovačice. The following year, his brother-in-law Matthias Corvinus conquered the area. He withdrew the monastery in retaliation for the fact that the Břevnov monastery on the side of his opponent Georg von Podiebrad the goods Domašov and Ostrovačice, and pledged them to the city of Brno . Subsequently, the owner of Eichhorn Castle, Kasimir von Teschen , also claimed the tithe and taxes from Ostrovačice. In 1481 the Břevnov abbot Řehoř tried to enforce his property claims against the city of Brno in court. In 1499, the monastery redeemed the pledge for 2000 ducats. The Rajhrad provost Jakub successfully sued in 1506 from Wenzel von Ludanitz for Eichhorn 1200 shock groschen, which Eichhorn had assumed from the monastic subjects. 1562 tried Znata of Lomnice Ostrovačice to incorporate his rule Říčany. The parish in Ostrovačice probably went out temporarily at the end of the 16th century and the place was assigned to the pastor in Domašov until the beginning of the 17th century. After the abolition of the Rajhrad monastery in 1619, its goods were confiscated and in 1620 sold to the Protestant Sigmund Teuffenbach von Tiefenbach and Mayerhof on Dürnholz . After the intercession of his brother Rudolf and father-in-law Karl the Elder of Zerotein , Sigmund Teuffenbach, who had no evidence of any actions against the emperor, was pardoned from execution and the loss of his property after the battle of the White Mountain . However, he was forbidden to sell his property in Moravia and to leave the country. Sigmund Teuffenbach then became an advocate for the emperor. In 1627 he converted to Catholicism. Until his death in 1637 Sigmund Teuffenbach lived mainly at Dürnholz Castle. Since he left no heirs, the dominions Dürnholz, Eichhorn and Říčany as well as the goods Domašov and Ostrovačice fell to his brother Rudolf. The rebuilt Rajhrad Monastery was eventually bought back by Domašov and Ostrovačice from Rudolf Teuffenbach. The oldest description of a place seal with the name villa Ostrovaciensis comes from 1655. In 1674 the old rectory burned down, after its reconstruction the provost Cölestin had the parish seat moved from Domašov to Ostrovačice in 1676. In 1683 the convent fled from the Kuruc from Rajhrad to Ostrovačice. This prompted the monastery to build the prelature, a magnificent annex as a place of refuge, behind the rectory in 1692. In 1695 the place was hit by a plague of locusts. In 1703 and 1707 the convent fled from the Hungarian invasions to Ostrovačice. In 1715 an epidemic broke out. Pastor Alexius Kouřil became infected through contact with the dying and died at the age of 38. A place seal with the name Wostrowaschitsky and a vine is handed down from 1746 . The population lived primarily from agriculture, sheep breeding and slinging. In the second half of the 18th century there was a brewery and since 1768 a communal mill. At that time there were numerous guilds in Ostrovačice. The largest of these was that of the butchers. In 1778 the monastery courtyard was parceled out, 180 of the 230 dimensions were sold to the postmaster Jakub Kier and the rest was distributed to family members. The provost Otmar Konrad sold the inns in Ostrovačice and Domašov in 1782. From the proceeds of 1000 guilders he had the rectory in Domašov rebuilt. On July 3, 1793, while transporting gunpowder to Brno in Ostrovačice, he was hit by an explosion in which several carters died. On September 9, 1842 Ferdinand V. raised Ostrovačice to a market town and approved the holding of four annual fairs. In the 1840s, the postmaster family Kier sold their large estates to the Zbeschau coal mine and estate owner Josef Duffek.
After the abolition of patrimonial Ostrovačice / Schwarzkirchen formed a market in the Brno district from 1850 and in the Okres Brno-venkov from 1921. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1889 . In 1898, Clara, widowed von Hirsch auf Gereuth, bought the Duffek estate. Her large estate, which comprised the Rossitz-Eichhorn estate including Eichhorn Castle , was inherited the following year by her adoptive son Moritz Arnold Deforest-Bischoffsheim, from 1903 Baron De Forest. Baron De Forest's 12,699 hectares of land were placed under state administration as part of the land reform in 1926 and in 1932 it was incorporated into the state estates and state forests. In 1923 the construction of the road to Žebětín was completed. This road was 1930-1937 part of the race route of 29.1 kilometers long Brno ring that later in honor of President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk , the Masaryk Ring was called. In the last days of the Second World War, fierce fighting broke out between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army in the area at the end of April. On May 1, 1945, the Red Army took Ostrovačice. Ostrovačice lost its status as Městys in 1948. In the same year 1948 the community was assigned to the Okres Rosice. After its abolition, Ostrovačice came back to Okres Brno-venkov in 1961. In 1980 the resolution was passed to unite the municipalities Ostrovačice, Říčany, Veverské Knínice into a unified municipality Říčany-Ostrovačice with its seat in Říčany. In 1984 the construction of the new Automotodrom Brno began in the forest area of Podkomorské lesy . The communist government of Štrougal pushed through the plans against the protests of residents of the surrounding villages and nature conservationists against the large-scale project in the forest. The new track was inaugurated in 1987 with a round of the motorcycle world championship . On November 22, 1990, the municipality Říčany-Ostrovačice dissolved again. The municipality has had a coat of arms and a banner since 1998, both of which were designed by Ivo Durec. Since October 10, 2006 Ostrovačice is again a Městys .
Community structure
No districts are shown for Městys Ostrovačice. The one-layer Pod Komorou belongs to Ostrovačice .
Partner municipality
- Mladeč , Czech Republic, since 1997
Attractions
- Church of St. Wenceslas and John the Baptist, it was created between the 12th and 13th centuries. The foundation walls of the presbytery date from this period. At the end of the 17th century there was an early baroque redesign with a tower. In 1718 the nave was enlarged and the baroque chapel of St. Barbara grown. In 1803, classical vestibules were added. The wall of the old cemetery and the chapel of St. John of Nepomuk were canceled in 1881
- Rectory, built in 1676. The prelature, which was added in 1692 as the rear wing, is regarded as the work of Johann Blasius Santini-Aichl .
- Cemetery, it was rebuilt in 1789 due to an imperial decree due to the risk of epidemics outside the village on the way to Veverské Knínice
- historical landmark of the Rajhrad rule from 1735
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created in 1766. In May 2002 one of the two sandstone angel figures sitting at the feet of the saint was stolen.
- Memorial stone to the gunpowder explosion of 1793
- The grave of Emilie Dočkalová, nee Topinková (1866–1936), the first Helenka from the novel Pohádka máje ( A May Fairy Tale ) by Vilém Mrštík , in the cemetery
- Podkomorské lesy Nature Park
- Source Helenčina studánka on Lipový vrch
- The Pohádka máje memorial , the small museum established in 2001 in the Pod Komorou hunting lodge, was relocated to the market in 2002
- Masaryk ring
- oldest horse chestnut in the Okres Brno-venkov, not far from the market
- 150-year-old linden tree in the courtyard of the elementary school
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Adam Benedikt Bavorovský († 1636), he was the last abbot of the Slavic Benedictines in the Na Slovanech monastery from 1615 to 1635 . Before the forced handover of the monastery to the Black Benedictines from Montserrat in 1636, he wrote down the history of the monastery.
- Karel Želenský (1865–1935), born Karel Drápal , actor, director and playwright
Honorary citizen
- 1897: Antonín Duffek (1855–1922), mayor from 1891 to 1894
- 1912: Kristin Bohumil Lux, pastor from 1903 to 1912
- 1944: Antonín Pokorný (1884–1954), mayor from 1927 to 1945
- 1998: Svatopluk Beneš (1918–2007), actor
- Jaroslav Hájek (* 1948), mayor from 1990 to 2002
- Oldřich Krška (1922–2004), for service to the cultural life of the place, especially the Sokol and the volunteer fire brigade
- Františka Nedbálková (1913–2002), innkeeper, she owned the U Nedbálků inn since 1939
- Zdeněk Pololáník (* 1935), composer and organist
- Mons. Bedřich Provazník (1936–2007), pastor from 1992 to 2007 and dean of Rosice from 1996 to 2004
- Miroslav Valnoha (1920–1999), soldier in the Czechoslovak Army abroad during the German occupation
- Otto Valnoha (* 1926), resistance fighter against National Socialism and Communism, he emigrated in 1948
Other personalities
- The brothers Alois and Vilém Mrštík lived in Ostrovačice between 1869 and 1875 when they were children. Vilém Mrštík often visited the town, especially during his student years. Here he got inspiration for his works Improvisace and Pohádka máje .
- Augustin Koch (1754–1831) was pastor of Ostrovačice from 1789. After the establishment of Rajhrad Abbey in 1813, he became its first abbot.
- Václav Jan Pokorný (1894–1979) worked as a chaplain in Ostrovačice from 1918. He gained fame as a book author, editor of the magazine Hlídka and administrator of the monastery archives of Rajhrad. Between 1947 and 1950 he was the last abbot of Rajhrad.
- Benedikt František Richter (1791-1859), professor of philosophy, also studied Slavic languages. From 1846 until his death he was pastor in Ostrovačice, from 1858 also dean of Rosice.
- Augustin Alois Vrzal (1864-1930), worked from 1916 to 1929 as a pastor in Ostrovačice. He dealt with the Russian language. He appeared as a book author and translator under the pseudonym AG Stín . He also published in the magazines Hlídka and Hlas and published the first Czech textbook for the Russian language.
- Paulus Pressius (Pavel Práza), the theologian of the Bohemian Brethren, died in Ostrovačice in 1586 while traveling to a healing shop in Iglau.