Tour de France 1996

83rd Tour de France 1996 - final result
Route length	21 stages, 3764.9 km
Tour winner	Bjarne Riis	95:57:16 h (39.236 km / h)
Second	Jan Ullrich	+ 1:41 min
Third	Richard virusesque	+ 4:37 min
Fourth	Laurent Dufaux	+ 5:53 min
fifth	Peter Luttenberger	+ 7:07 min
Sixth	Luc Leblanc	+ 10:03 min
seventh	Piotr Ugrumov	+ 10:04 min
Eighth	Fernando Escartin	+ 10:26 min
Ninth	Abraham Olano	+ 11:00 min
Tenth	Tony Rominger	+ 11:53 min
Green jersey	Erik Zabel	335 P.
Second	Frédéric Moncassin	284 P.
Third	Fabio Baldato	255 P.
Dotted jersey	Richard virusesque	383 P.
Second	Bjarne Riis	274 P.
Third	Laurent Dufaux	176 p.
White jersey	Jan Ullrich	95:58:57 h
Second	Peter Luttenberger	+ 5:26 min
Third	Manuel Fernández Ginés	+ 24:47 min
Team evaluation	Festina Watches	287: 46: 20 h
Second	Team Deutsche Telekom	+ 15:14 min
Third	Mapei	+ 51:36 min

Route map of the Tour de France 1996

The 83rd Tour de France took place from June 29 to July 21, 1996. 198 drivers started, 129 drivers reached the finish in Paris .

The overall winner Bjarne Riis was initially deleted from the list of winners by the organizer in 2007 after his confession of doping. The organizers temporarily did not have an overall winner for the Tour de France 1996. However, the deletion was reversed and the offense is statute-barred according to the WADA regulations .

route

The tour with an original total length of 3,909 km and 21 stages began in 1996 in 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands and went clockwise after the prologue in the Netherlands, first through the Alps , there also through Italy , then through the Pyrenees with a detour to Spain . In the Alps, a mountain time trial led up to Val-d'Isère , the second long time trial over flat terrain from Bordeaux to Saint-Émilion . The total length was later reduced to 3765 km due to the shortened 9th stage.

Favorites

In addition to Miguel Induráin , the winner from 1991 to 1995 , who could have celebrated his sixth tour win and thus set a new record, Alex Zülle and Bjarne Riis , who stood on the podium last year, were among the favorites . In addition, last year's fourth and 1995 winner of the Vuelta a España Laurent Jalabert , Induráin's long-term rival Tony Rominger (winner of the Giro d'Italia 1995) and Yevgeny Bersin were highly regarded.

Race course

Alex Zülle won the prologue in the rainy 's-Hertogenbosch. Usually, even with the relatively short time trial at the beginning, the shape of the driver becomes visible, even if it cannot be assumed that the time differences are large after a few kilometers. Zülle was considered an excellent time trialist, but most of the favorites didn't want to risk a fall during this prologue in the rain. This particularly affected Chris Boardman , the best time trial pilot at the time on such short distances , who had a hard crash last year - also in the rain - and was eliminated. So the moderate performance of Induráin was not an indication that he could lose the tour this time.

After a rainy first week, the 7th stage went into the high alpine mountains , which initially led over the Col de la Madeleine and the Cormet de Roselend . Jalabert had already been left behind there, and Zülle fell several times. Before the final ascent, the runaway Udo Bölts led the field and was only intercepted on the last mountain. On the way to the finish line in Les Arcs , Induráin, the only one of the favorites that no team-mate could support, was worn down by the co-favorites through constant attacks. The picture when he made a sign that he had run out of water was a symbol of his defeat. He suffered from hunger and thirst and even took a water bottle from a team car that was not owned by him, which resulted in a later time penalty. The tour was already lost for him, the time gap too great, at the finish it was over 4 minutes. Luc Leblanc won the stage , the co-favorites Rominger, Berzin and Riis lost little time, so Berzin could slip into the yellow jersey . Berzin also won the time trial the day after, who was now the most promising candidate for overall victory. Berzin was also able to beat Induráin at the Giro d'Italia 1994.

The 9th stage should lead over the 2,646 meter high Col du Galibier . It snowed on the pass , so the stage was shortened, and the actual queen stage (190 km) became a very short section of only 46 kilometers. On the last climb Bjarne Riis took advantage of the hour and attacked. His time advantage was enough to take the lead in the overall standings. He repeated this performance in the Pyrenees (16th stage) up to Hautacam and extended his lead.

On the last stage of the Pyrenees, the overall ranking should be written: The stage first led through the high mountains and ended after a 100 km long flat section in the Basque Pamplona . The route to the Basque Country was intended to pay homage to Miguel Induráin, through whose birthplace the route passed. But nothing came of the triumphant journey; Induráin was in a detached group far behind the top. When Port de Larrau was crossed for the first time, the leading group shared with the favorites. While the first group (with Riis , Ullrich , Luttenberger , Dufaux , Virusque , Ugrumow , Leblanc , Escartin ) agreed on the flat and the drivers constantly took turns with the management work, in the second group only a few drivers showed interest had a persecution. Above all Rominger and Olano tried to keep the gap within limits, Induráin held back in the slipstream. The time gap at the exit of the mountains was about one and a half minutes, at the finish it had become more than eight minutes. Thus, all drivers in this first group took all of the top places in the overall standings.

The final time trial was won by Jan Ullrich , who drove so hard that he almost put his team leader Bjarne Riis into trouble. At the finish, the Dane was only 1:41 minutes ahead of the now second-placed German.

For the Telekom team , the tour was a complete triumph. The team, which was almost not allowed in the previous year and was only allowed to compete with a rump team together with the second-class team ZG-Mobili, took first and second place in the individual overall ranking, plus a total of five stage wins, the green jersey for Erik Zabel and the white Jersey for the best driver under 25 by Jan Ullrich.

The organizers of the Tour de France officially removed Riis from their own lists in June 2007 after his admission that he had resorted to doping methods during this tour and there is no winner for the 1996 Tour. The International Cycling Federation cannot officially revoke his title because the doping offense was statute-barred at the time of the admission. However, shortly after his doping confession, he asked Riis to return his yellow jersey .

The stages

Stages	Day	Start finish	km	Stage winner	Yellow jersey
prolog	June 29th	's-Hertogenbosch ( NL )	009.4 ( EZF )	Alex Zülle	Alex Zülle
1st stage	June 30th	's-Hertogenbosch (NL) -' s-Hertogenbosch (NL)	209	Frédéric Moncassin
2nd stage	July 1	's-Hertogenbosch (NL) - Wasquehal	247.5	Mario Cipollini
3rd stage	2nd July	Wasquehal - Nogent-sur-Oise	195	Erik Zabel	Frédéric Moncassin
4th stage	3rd of July	Soissons - Lac de Madine	232	Cyril Saugrain	Stéphane Heulot
5th stage	July 4th	Lac de Madine - Besançon	242	Jeroen Blijlevens
6th stage	5th July	Arc-et-Senans - Aix-les-Bains	207	Michael Boogerd
7th stage	July 6th	Chambéry - Les Arcs	200	Luc Leblanc	Yevgeny Bersin
8th stage	7th of July	Bourg-Saint-Maurice - Val-d'Isère	030.5 (EZF)	Yevgeny Bersin
9th stage	8th of July	Le Monêtier-les-Bains - Sestrières ( ITA )	046	Bjarne Riis	Bjarne Riis
10th stage	July 9	Torino (ITA) - Gap	208.5	Erik Zabel
Rest day
11th stage	July 11th	Gap - Valence	202	Chepe Gonzalez Pico	Bjarne Riis
12th stage	July 12	Valence - Le Puy-en-Velay	143.5	Pascal Richard
13th stage	July 13th	Le Puy-en-Velay - Super Besse	177	Rolf Sørensen
14th stage	July 14th	Besse - tulle	186.5	Jamolidin Abduschaparov
15th stage	15th of July	Brive-la-Gaillarde - Villeneuve-sur-Lot	176	Massimo Podenzana
16th stage	16th of July	Agen - Lourdes-Hautacam	199	Bjarne Riis
17th stage	17th July	Argelès-Gazost - Pamplona ( ESP )	262	Laurent Dufaux
18th stage	July 18th	Pamplona (ESP) - Hendaye	154.5	Bart Voskamp
19th stage	July 19	Hendaye - Bordeaux	226.5	Frédéric Moncassin
20th stage	20th of July	Bordeaux - Saint-Emilion	063.5 (EZF)	Jan Ullrich
21st stage	21 July	Palaiseau - Paris	147.5	Fabio Baldato

→ Main article : List of Tour de France stage locations

Jerseys in the course of the tour

The table shows the leader in the respective classification at the beginning of the respective stage.

stage	Yellow jersey	Green jersey	Dotted jersey	White jersey	Team evaluation
01st stage	Alex Zülle	Alex Zülle	not forgiven	Paolo Savoldelli	ONCE
02nd stage		Ján Svorada
03rd stage			Danny Nelissen
04th stage	Frédéric Moncassin		José Luis Arrieta
05th stage	Stéphane Heulot	Frédéric Moncassin	Danny Nelissen	Stéphane Heulot	Gan
06th stage
07th stage			Léon van Bon		Rabobank
08th stage	Yevgeny Bersin		Richard virusesque	Jan Ullrich
09th stage					Mapei
010th stage	Bjarne Riis				Team Telekom
11th stage		Erik Zabel
12th stage
13th stage					Rabobank
14th stage
15th stage
16th stage
17th stage					Mapei
18th stage
19th stage
20th stage					Festina
21st stage
winner	Bjarne Riis	Erik Zabel	Richard virusesque	Jan Ullrich	Festina

All teams and drivers

Banesto

No.	country	Surname	space
1		Miguel Indurain	11
2		Marino Alonso	66
3		Vicente Aparicio	A 17.
4th		José Luis Arrieta	32
5		Prudencio Indurain	58
6th		José María Jiménez	57
7th		Carmelo Miranda	A 4.
8th		Orlando Rodrigues	54
9		Jose-Ramon Uriate	92

ONCE

No.	country	Surname	space
11		Laurent Jalabert	A 10.
12		Iñigo Cuesta	A 13.
13		Herminio Díaz Zabala	53
14th		Aitor Garmendia	35
15th		Patrick Jonker	12
16		Melchor Mauri	38
17th		Roberto Sierra	41
18th		Neil Stephens	49
19th		Alex Zülle	26th

Team Deutsche Telekom

No.	country	Surname	space
21st		Bjarne Riis	1
22nd		Rolf Aldag	83
23		Udo Bölts	14th
24		Christian Henn	76
25th		Jens Heppner	88
26th		Brian Holm	107
27		Mario grief	NA 2.
28		Jan Ullrich	2
29		Erik Zabel	82

Mapei GB

No.	country	Surname	space
31		Tony Rominger	10
32		Federico Echave	40
33		Manuel Fernández Ginés	16
34		Arsenio Gonzales	24
35		Paolo Lanfranchi	59
36		Johan Museeuw	95
37		Abraham Olano	9
38		Wilfried Peeters	110
39		Andrea Tafi	45

MG Maglificio-Technogym

No.	country	Surname	space
41		Fabio Baldato	63
42		Michele Bartoli	19th
43		Alberto Elli	15th
44		Carlo Finco	A 4.
45		Rolf Järmann	90
46		Marco Lietti	A 17.
47		Roberto Pistore	NA 8.
48		Pascal Richard	47
49		Marco Saligari	72

Certainly Ballan

No.	country	Surname	space
51		Eugeni Berzin	20th
52		Dario Bottaro	117
53		Bruno Cenghialta	56
54		Ivan Cerioli	121
55		Francesco Frattini	100
56		Ivan Gotti	A 5.
57		Nicola Minali	A 11.
58		Davide Perona	50
59		Stefano Zanini	A 4.

Motorola

No.	country	Surname	space
61		Lance Armstrong	A 6.
62		Frankie Andreu	111
63		George Hincapie	NA 15.
64		Laurent Madouas	23
65		Jesús Montoya	A 17.
66		Kaspars Ozers	A 6.
67		Maximilian Sciandri	A 11.
68		Bruno Thibout	55
69		Flavio Vanzella	60

Festina

No.	country	Surname	space
71		Richard virusesque	3
72		Bruno Boscardin	80
73		Laurent Brochard	18th
74		Laurent Dufaux	4th
75		Félix García Casas	48
76		Pascal Hervé	42
77		Emmanuel Magnien	A 12.
78		Christophe Moreau	75
79		Jean-Cyril Robin	A 6.

Rabobank

No.	country	Surname	space
81		Johan Bruyneel	A 10.
82		Michael Boogerd	31
83		Erik Breukink	34
84		Erik Dekker	74
85		Vyacheslav Yekimov	21st
86		Danny Nelissen	84
87		Arvis Piziks	A 13.
88		Rolf Sørensen	28
89		Léon van Bon	A 7.

GAN

No.	country	Surname	space
91		Chris Boardman	39
92		Stéphane Heulot	A 7.
93		François Lemarchand	91
94		Frédéric Moncassin	106
95		Francis Moreau	ZÜ 6.
96		Didier Rous	A 17.
97		Eddy Seigneur	A 6.
98		François Simon	86
99		Cédric Vasseur	69

Saeco-AS Juvenes San Marino

No.	country	Surname	space
101		Mario Cipollini	NA 5.
102 <		Simone Biasci	126
103		Giuseppe Calcaterra	A 6.
104		Massimo Donati	70
105		Gian Matteo Fagnini	NA 6.
106		Paolo Fornaciari	79
107		Massimiliano Lelli	25th
108		Eros Poli	127
109		Mario Scirea	A 6.

Team Polti

No.	country	Surname	space
111		Luc Leblanc	6th
112		Dirk Baldinger	A 11.
113		Rossano Brasi	97
114		Gerrit de Vries	119
115		Mirko Gualdi	43
116		Giuseppe Guerini	27
117		Frédéric Guesdon	108
118		Daisuke Imanaka	ZÜ 14.
119		Serguei Outschakov	ZÜ 6.

Ceramiche Panaria-Vinavil

No.	country	Surname	space
121		Vladimir Belli	68
122		Alessandro Baronti	112
123		Davide Bramati	A 6.
124		Oscar Camenzind	36
125		Roberto Conti	NA Pr.
126		Valentino Fois	52
127		Sergio Previtali	S 1.
128		Zbigniew saying	A 11.
129		Ján Svorada	A 5.

Carrera Jeans-Tassoni

No.	country	Surname	space
131		Claudio Chiappucci	37
132		Mario Chiesa	125
133		Peter Luttenberger	5
134		Oscar Pellicioli	85
135		Massimo Podenzana	61
136		Marcello Siboni	65
137		Mario Traversoni	A 10.
138		Enrico Zaina	A 3.
139		Beat Zberg	A 6.

Roslotto-ZG Mobili

No.	country	Surname	space
141		Piotr Ugrumov	7th
142		Stefano Cattai	22nd
143		Andrea Ferrigato	46
144		Marco Fincato	30th
145		Maurizio Fondriest	51
146		Alexander Gonchenkov	NA 6.
147		Pascal Lino	A 10.
148		Paolo Savoldelli	33
149		Marco Zen	73

TVM

No.	country	Surname	space
151		Maarten den Bakker	64
152		Jeroen Blijlevens	128
153		Bo hamburger	13
154		Servais Knaven	NA 5.
155		Vladimir Poulnikov	ZÜ 14.
156		Laurent Roux	44
157		Jesper Skibby	29
158		Peter Van Petegem	116
159		Bart Voskamp	99

Ceramiche Refin-Mobilvetta

No.	country	Surname	space
161		Jamolidin Abduschaparov	78
162		Mauro Bettin	ZÜ 6.
163		Stefano Colage	A 7.
164		Heinz Imboden	A 6.
165		Sergei Uslamine	87
166		Leonardo Piepoli	17th
167		Fabio Roscioli	98
168		Cristian Salvato	94
169		Tobias Steinhauser	113

Lotto Isoglass

No.	country	Surname	space
171		Andrej Tschmil	77
172		Gilles Bouvard	A 8.
173		Peter Farazijn	122
174		Thomas Fleischer	A 14.
175		Oleg Kozlitine	A 11.
176		Nico Mattan	123
177		Scott Sunderland	101
178		Paul Van Hyfte	120
179		Marc Wauters	124

Kelme-Artiach-Costa Blanca

No.	country	Surname	space
181		Fernando Escartín	8th
182		Julio César Aguirre	81
183		Hernán Buenahora	A 1.
184		Francisco Cabello	102
185		José Castelblanco	71
186		Laudelino Cubino	A 2.
187		José Jaime González	96
188		Federico Muñoz	89
189		José Angel Vidal	109

Brescialat

No.	country	Surname	space
191		Mariano Piccoli	93
192		Alessandro Bertolini	A 16.
193		Claudio Camin	A 7.
194		Marco Della Vedova	A 14.
195		Cristiano Frattini	103
196		Luca Gelfi	A 2.
197		Zenon Jaskuła	A 7.
198		Omar Pumar	105
199		Mauro Radaelli	A 7.

Agrigel-La Creuse-Fenioux

No.	country	Surname	space
201		Jacky Durand	115
202		Dominique Arnould	A 10.
203		Jean-Pierre Bourgeot	67
204		Franck Bouyer	A 14.
205		Jean-Claude Colotti	A 17.
206		Thierry Laurent	104
207		Thierry Marie	A 10.
208		Jean-Luc Masdupuy	129
209		Michel Vermote	A 5.

Aubervilliers 93-Peugeot

No.	country	Surname	space
211		Christophe Capelle	A 7.
212		Thierry Bourguignon	62
213		Laurent Genty	A 15.
214		Thierry Gouvenou	114
215		Marek Leśniewski	ZÜ 14.
216		Frédéric Pontier	A 6.
217		Cyril Saugrain	A 6.
218		Gilles Talmant	118
219		Francisque Teyssier	A 6.

A: abandonment during the stage, NA: not started for the stage, S: suspended / excluded, ZÜ: timeout

doping

During a press conference in Copenhagen on May 25, 2007 , Riis confessed to taking the banned doping agent erythropoietin (EPO), growth hormone and cortisone to improve performance from 1993 to 1998 . He bought the EPO and claimed he took it himself. His victory in the 1996 Tour de France was also influenced by the doping agent EPO, cortisone and growth substances, as Riis publicly admitted: “I know that I won the Tour with illicit means. But I still worked for it. If you want to get the yellow jersey now, please, it means nothing to me. It's in the cardboard box. ”Since the eight-year limitation period for Riis' confession of doping had expired, the title could no longer be withdrawn retrospectively. Nevertheless, the UCI suggested to take Riis at his word and asked for the return of the "sign of victory", the yellow jersey. Before that, Rii's teammates Bert Dietz , Erik Zabel, Rolf Aldag , Brian Holm , Christian Henn and Udo Bölts from the Telekom team admitted to having doped on the 1996 tour. The team doctors at the time, Andreas Schmid and Lothar Heinrich, also confessed to having known about doping in the team. It was only in June 2013 that Jan Ullrich, Riis' former colleague in the Telekom team, also admitted autologous doping to "create equal opportunities". Ullrich continues to deny taking EPO or other doping substances. The telecommunications professionals at the time, Steffen Wesemann and Jens Heppner , maintain their innocence in matters of doping to this day.

Web links

Commons : Tour de France 1996  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Tour de France 1996 in the ProCyclingStats.com database
• radsport-seite.de for the 1996 tour

Footnotes and references

1. ↑ ^{a b} L'Équipe dated June 7, 2007: Pas de vainqueur en 1996…  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ cf. Official website of the Tour de France: Historique du Tour de France ANNÉE 1996 ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 26, 2014. 
3. ↑ Press release  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the UCI from May 25, 2007