Nekrolog 1793
This is a list of famous people who died in 1793 . The entries are made alphabetically within the individual data. Animals can be found in the necrology for animals .
January
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 1st | Francesco Guardi | Italian rococo vedute and landscape painter | 80 | |
| January 2nd | Ludwig Benjamin Martin Schmid | German Protestant clergyman and university professor | 55 | |
| January 4th | Bengt Lidner | Swedish poet | 35 | |
| January 5th | Elizabeth Griffith | Irish writer and actress | 65 | |
| 6th January | Nicolas-Germain Léonard | 18th century French poet and novelist | 48 | |
| January 12th | Johann Wilhelm Chryselius | German builder and architect | ||
| January 12th | Friedrich Ludwig von Eyben | Danish diplomat | 54 | |
| January 14th | Friedrich Bernhard von Prittwitz | Silesian landowner | 72 | |
| 15. January | Johann Matthias Menninger | Austrian actor and theater principal | ||
| 15. January | Anton Pilgram | Austrian astronomer and meteorologist | 62 | |
| January 16 | Sigmund von Haimhausen | Bavarian lawyer and entrepreneur | 84 | |
| January 19th | Louis-Georges-Erasme de Contades | French military leader and Marshal of France | 88 | |
| January 19th | Katsukawa Shunsho | Master of Japanese Woodblock Prints (Ukiyo-e) | ||
| January 20th | Anton Joseph von Brentano-Cimaroli | Austrian major general, knight of the Maria Theresa Order | 51 | |
| January 20th | Louis-Michel Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau | Politician during the French Revolution | 32 | |
| 21th January | Louis XVI | King of France (1774–1792) | 38 | |
| January 23 | Gabriel Brizard | French parliamentary advocate, historian and writer | ||
| January 29th | Clemens August von Haxthausen | Royal Danish General of the Infantry | 54 | |
| January 29th | Gregor Nagl | Austro-Hungarian master weaver, judge in Kaisersteinbruch | ||
| 31 January | Alois Friedrich von Brühl | German theater writer | 53 | |
| 31 January | Viktor Amadeus Henckel von Donnersmarck | Prussian lieutenant general and governor of Königsberg | 65 |
February
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| February 1st | William Aiton | British botanist | ||
| February 1st | Jonathan Arnold | American politician | 51 | |
| February 2nd | Johann Friedrich Haug | German instrument maker | 62 | |
| February 2nd | Samuel Whittemore | American farmer and soldier | 96 | |
| February 6th | Carlo Goldoni | Italian comedy poet | 85 | |
| February 9 | Pascal-Joseph Taskin | Harpsichord maker | ||
| February 12th | Franz Friedrich Carl von Parsenow | District Administrator of the Anklam District in Pomerania | ||
| 13th February | Dietrich Eugen Philipp von Bornstedt | Prussian lieutenant general | 66 | |
| 13th February | Franz Wilhelm Kauhlen | German doctor and chemist | 43 | |
| 20. February | Franz by Paula Rosalino | Austrian Catholic theologian, book censor, Bible translator | 56 | |
| February 23 | Jacob Friedrich Isenflamm | German physician and university professor | 66 | |
| February 26th | Carl Friedrich Wenzel | German chemist |
March
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st March | Ramon Bayeu | Spanish painter | ||
| 1st March | Abraham Roentgen | German cabinet maker | 82 | |
| 3 March | Friedrich August | German sovereign, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst | 58 | |
| 4th of March | Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre | French Duke, Grand Hunter and Grand Admiral of France, Governor of Brittany | 67 | |
| 5. March | Matthijsz Nicolaas Aartman | Dutch draftsman | 79 | |
| 8th of March | Johann Wilhelm Schröder | German orientalist | 66 | |
| March 13th | Christian Nicolaus Schlichtkrull | German lawyer and university professor | 56 | |
| March, 15 | Florian Reichssiegel | Austrian writer | 57 | |
| 17. March | Nicola Conforto | Italian opera composer | 74 | |
| 17. March | Leopold Hofmann | Composer of the Viennese Classic | 54 | |
| 17. March | Hermann Erich Winkler | German Protestant clergyman | 54 | |
| March 18th | Karl Abraham von Zedlitz | Prussian Minister; 1764 President of the Silesian Government | 62 | |
| 19th March | George de Benneville | Medic and an early exponent of North American universalism | 89 | |
| 26th of March | John Mudge | English doctor and amateur astronomer in Plymouth | ||
| 26th of March | Joseph Ferdinand Guidobald von Spaur | Palatinate-Bavarian court bishop | 87 | |
| 27th of March | Franz Xaver Anton von Stubenrauch | German writer on forestry and economics | 74 | |
| March 29 | Egid Valentin Felix from Borié | Würzburg court and government councilor, archducal-Austrian councilor of state | 73 | |
| March 30 | Karl Gottlieb von Windisch | Scholar and Publicist | 68 | |
| March 31 | Johann Balthasar Bullinger | Swiss portrait painter, landscape painter, engraver and teacher | 79 | |
| March | Jacob Reineggs | Adventurer and diplomat | 48 |
April
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 1st | Ernst brat | German superintendent | 58 | |
| April 5th | Johann Michael Franz | German Baroque painter | 77 | |
| 9th April | Andreas Battier | Swiss Protestant clergyman | 35 | |
| 9th April | Johann Georg Sturm | German engraver | ||
| 9th April | Ernest Weinrauch | German composer and Benedictine priest | 62 | |
| 10th of April | Frans Burman | Dutch Reformed theologian | 84 | |
| 12. April | Hans Arentz | Norwegian judge and political writer | 61 | |
| April 13th | Maria Viktoria Pauline von Arenberg | Margravine of Baden-Baden | 78 | |
| April 13th | Friedrich Karl | German natural history collector, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | 56 | |
| April 14th | Anton Peter Příchovský from Příchovice | 21. Archbishop of Prague | 85 | |
| 17th April | Philipp Damian von Hoensbroech | Catholic Bishop of Roermond, Canon in Speyer | 69 | |
| April 18 | Franz Xaver Christoph | Austrian organ builder | ||
| April 18 | Franz Plazid de Schumacher in Himmelrich | Swiss scientist and statesman | 67 | |
| April 29 | Ezekiel Landau | Jewish law teacher and chief rabbi in Prague | 79 | |
| April 29 | John Michell | English natural philosopher and geologist | 68 | |
| April 29 | John Webber | English painter of Swiss origin | 41 | |
| April | Johann Jakob von Wylre | Mayor of the imperial city of Aachen |
May
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st of May | Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae | Natural scientist, chemist and court pharmacist in Hanover | ||
| 1st of May | Joseph Moretti | Architect and Baroque master builder | ||
| May 6th | Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec | French navigator and explorer | ||
| May 7th | Pietro Nardini | Italian violinist and pre-classical composer | 71 | |
| May 7th | Johan Zoutman | Dutch vice admiral | 68 | |
| May 9 | Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre | French lieutenant general | 36 | |
| May 11th | Carl Gottfried von Thile | Prussian Privy Council of War and tax expert | ||
| May 13th | Martin Gerbert | German Benedictine, theologian, musicologist | 72 | |
| May 15 | Étienne Marchand | French captain, merchant and circumnavigator | ||
| 17th of May | Nicolas Raguenet | French landscape painter (cityscapes of Paris) | ||
| May 18 | Timur Shah Durrani | Pashtun king | ||
| May 18 | Johann Gottfried Reyger | last Mayor of the Free City Republic of Gdansk | 68 | |
| May 19th | Jean Eric Rehn | Swedish designer, architect, artist | 76 | |
| May 20th | Charles Bonnet | Swiss scientist, philosopher and lawyer | 73 | |
| May 21 | Charles-Juste de Beauvau | Marshal of France | 72 | |
| 23. May | William Hudson | British botanist and mycologist | ||
| May 24th | Eduard d'Alton | Irish general in imperial service | ||
| May 26 | Josef Martin Lengauer | Austrian sculptor | ||
| May 26 | Eliza Lucas Pinckney | American planter | 70 | |
| May 26 | Johann Ernst von Voss | Prussian diplomat, Magdeburg district president and court official | 67 | |
| May 27th | Nonnosus Brand | Bavarian composer, organist and music teacher | 37 | |
| 28th of May | Anton Friedrich Büsching | German geographer | 68 |
June
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd of June | Johann Ludwig Spörl | German Protestant theologian | 61 | |
| June 4th | Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz | Prussian general of the cavalry, savior of Frederick the Great (Kunersdorf) | 67 | |
| 6th of June | Siegismund Justus Ehrhardt | German church historian | 60 | |
| June 10th | Louis Augustin d'Affry | Lieutenant General in French service, Colonel in the Swiss Guard | 80 | |
| June 11th | William Robertson | Scottish historian and Rector of the University of Edinburgh | 71 | |
| June 13th | Jean-Baptiste Meusnier de la Place | French mathematician and general | 38 | |
| 14th June | Johann Ludwig von Eckartsberg | Prussian major general, head of the regiment | 70 | |
| June 16 | Johann Martin Hehn | German-Estonian clergyman and prose writer | 49 | |
| June 19th | Heinrich Benedikt Fleischbein | Catholic priest and theologian, university professor in Heidelberg | 45 | |
| 20th June | John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira | Irish nobleman | 73 | |
| June 26th | Karl Philipp Moritz | German writer of early romanticism | 36 | |
| June 26th | Gilbert White | English pastor, naturalist and ornithologist | 72 | |
| June 27th | Johann August Ephraim Goeze | German pastor and zoologist | 62 | |
| June 28th | Otto Balthasar von Thun | Royal Prussian Lieutenant General | 71 | |
| June 30th | Adolf Friedrich von Olthof | Swedish-Pomeranian councilor and patron of the arts | 74 |
July
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd July | David Klaus | German shepherd and philosopher | ||
| July 4th | Antoine-Marin Lemierre | French playwright and member of the Académie française | 60 | |
| 5th July | Alexander Roslin | Swedish painter | 74 | |
| 5th July | Peter Anton from Verschaffelt | Flemish sculptor and architect | 83 | |
| July 6th | Joseph Agricol Viala | French national guard | 12 | |
| 7th of July | Maria Antonia by Branconi | Mistress Duke Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Braunschweig | 46 | |
| July 11th | Jacques Cathelineau | French general of the Vendéer | 34 | |
| July 11th | Peter Salomon from Linger | Prussian colonel, chief of the Silesian fortress artillery | ||
| July 11th | Johann Leopold Ludwig Schoch | Court gardener in Wörlitz, garden director and horticultural artist | 64 | |
| July 12 | Johann Stuve | philanthropic writer and educator | 40 | |
| July 13th | Friedrich Adolph Kritzinger | German author, bookseller, publisher and antiquarian | 66 | |
| July 13th | Jean Paul Marat | French doctor, scientist, author, publisher and journalist | 50 | |
| 17th July | Joseph Chalier | French Jacobin | ||
| 17th July | Charlotte Corday | French nobleman and assassin | 24 | |
| July 18th | Johann Michael Boeck | actor | ||
| July 19 | Stanislaw Lubomirski | Polish voivode | ||
| 20th of July | Joseph Bruny d'Entrecasteaux | French navigator and explorer | 55 | |
| July 23 | Roger Sherman | American lawyer and politician and co-author of the United States Declaration of Independence | 72 | |
| 24th July | William Moore | American politician | ||
| July 26th | Alessandro Besozzi | Italian oboist and composer | 91 | |
| July 26th | Heinrich Gulden | German theologian | 63 | |
| July 28th | Hayashi Shihei | Japanese samurai and scholar | 54 | |
| 29th of July | Johann Peter Ahlers | Forester in the county of Oldenburg | 69 |
August
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8th August | Rupert von Neuenstein | Prince Abbot in the Prince Abbey of Kempten (1785–1793) | 57 | |
| August 9 | Gottlieb Mueller | German Protestant theologian | 72 | |
| August 10 | Daniel Rolander | Swedish naturalist | ||
| August 10 | Christian Jacob Freiherr von Zwierlein | German lawyer at the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Wetzlar | 55 | |
| 12. August | Hendrik Albert Schultens | German orientalist | 44 | |
| 13 August | Johann Wilhelm von der Goltz | Prussian Major General, Chief of Hussar Regiment No. 8 | 56 | |
| 17th August | Henri-Joseph Dulaurens | French Abbé, writer and philosopher | ||
| 18th of August | Joachim van Plettenberg | Dutch governor of the Cape Colony | 54 | |
| August 19th | Paul Mako | Hungarian Jesuit and university professor | 69 | |
| August 22nd | Louis de Noailles | Marshal of France | 80 | |
| August 25 | Johann Christian Wernsdorf I. | German writer; Poet and rhetorician | 69 | |
| August 28th | Adam-Philippe de Custine | French general | 53 | |
| 29th August | François Rozier | French botanist and agronomist | 59 |
September
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 1 | Wilhelm Ernst Christiani | German theologian and historian | 62 | |
| September 1 | Johann Friedrich von Tröltsch | German lawyer | 65 | |
| September 2nd | William Hill Brown | American writer | 27 | |
| September 3 | Constance Hans | Robbers in Württemberg | 34 | |
| September 3 | Claude-Adrien Nonnotte | French literary polemicist, Jesuit and writer | 82 | |
| 5th September | Carl Friedrich Hatzfeldt to equals | Austrian statesman | 74 | |
| September 6th | Friedrich Ferdinand Konstantin of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | Saxon major general | 34 | |
| the 9th of September | Peter Perez Burdett | English cartographer, geodesist, draftsman, eraser, engraver and engineer | ||
| the 9th of September | Wolfgang Ferdinand von Dörnberg | Prussian Minister of Justice | 69 | |
| September 10 | Johann Friedrich von Cochenhausen | German nobleman and military | 65 | |
| September 11 | Johann d'Arnal | French engineer colonel, Maria Theresien Knight of the Order | ||
| September 11 | Nicolaas Laurens Burman | Dutch botanist | 58 | |
| 12th September | Johann Rudolf Füssli | Swiss painter, art historian and lexicographer | 84 | |
| 13.september | Georg Friedrich von Wegnern | Prussian officer, most recently major general | 64 | |
| September 14th | Heinrich Corrodi | Swiss Protestant theologian and educator | 41 | |
| 16th September | Josef Hunter | Austrian builder | ||
| 16th September | Johann Adolf Schlegel | German poet and clergyman | 71 | |
| 17th of September | George Handley | Georgia Governor | 41 | |
| September 19th | Dmitri Mikhailovich Golitsyn | Russian diplomat | 72 | |
| September 19th | Nicolaus Otto von Wickede | German administrative lawyer and Mecklenburg-Strelitzischer Drost in the Principality of Ratzeburg | 35 | |
| September 20th | Therese Bodenburg | Austrian theater actress | ||
| September 20th | Fletcher Christian | British sailor | 28 | |
| September 23rd | Christianus Carolus Henricus van der Aa | Dutch Lutheran theologian | 75 | |
| September 23rd | Johann Ferdinand Seiz | German Protestant theologian and poet of Pietism | 55 | |
| September 24th | Alexander Trippel | Swiss sculptor | 49 | |
| September 26th | Jean Baptiste François Bulliard | French botanist and medic |
October
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4th of October | Samuel Locke | German builder | 83 | |
| 4th of October | Adam Benedict Spitzner | German Hebrew and Evangelical Lutheran theologian | 76 | |
| 5th October | Balthasar Münter | German Protestant pastor, enlightener, court preacher and hymn poet | 58 | |
| October 6th | Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein | German painter, antiquarian and art agent as well as Cicerone for travelers | 73 | |
| 8th October | John Hancock | American businessman and politician | 56 | |
| 8th October | Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant | American politician | ||
| 9th October | Joseph-Marie Amiot | French Jesuit and China traveler | 75 | |
| October 13th | Franz Conrad Linck | German sculptor | 62 | |
| October, 16th | John Hunter | British anatomist and founder of scientific surgery | ||
| October, 16th | Marie Antoinette | Queen of France and Navarre | 37 | |
| October 17th | Charles de Bonchamps | French opponent of the revolution | 33 | |
| October 18 | John Wilson | British mathematician | 52 | |
| October 21 | Johann Ernst Hartmann | German-Danish musician and composer | 66 | |
| October 22nd | Joachim Tanck | Lawyer and Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck | ||
| October 24th | Karl Eugen | Duke of Württemberg | 65 | |
| October 31 | Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède | French Girondi politician | ||
| October 31 | Jacques Pierre Brissot | French revolutionary | 39 | |
| October 31 | Claude Fauchet | Bishop and MP during the French Revolution | 49 | |
| October 31 | Armand Gensonné | French politician during the French Revolution | 35 | |
| October 31 | James Mercer | American lawyer and politician | 57 | |
| October 31 | Franz Dionys von Rost | Bishop of Chur | 77 | |
| October 31 | Charles-Alexis Brûlart de Sillery | Maréchal de camp | 56 | |
| October 31 | Pierre Vergniaud | French leader of the Girondins in the French Revolution | 40 | |
| October | George Samuel Browne, 8th Viscount Montagu | English tourist and extreme sportsman | 24 |
November
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 1st | George Gordon | British politician | 41 | |
| November 3rd | Olympe de Gouges | French revolutionary and women's rights activist | 45 | |
| November 4th | Louis de Salgues de Lescure | French leader in the French Revolution | 27 | |
| November 4th | Adam Lux | German revolutionary | 27 | |
| November 6th | Louis-Philippe II. Joseph de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans | Son of Duke Ludwig Philipp I. von Orléans and Louise Henriette von Bourbon-Conti | 46 | |
| November 6th | Johann Wilhelm Schöler | German organ builder | ||
| November 7th | Per Krafft the elder | Swedish painter | 69 | |
| November 8th | Madame Roland | French revolutionary | 39 | |
| November 10th | Jean-Marie Roland de La Platière | French revolutionary | 59 | |
| November 12th | Jean-Sylvain Bailly | French astronomer and first mayor of Paris | 57 | |
| November 13th | Dietrich von Keyserling | Courland Chancellor and General | 80 | |
| 15th of November | Gaspard Jean-Baptiste de Brunet | French general | 59 | |
| 15th of November | Karl Friedrich Benjamin von Fröden | Founder of the Saxon Artillery School | 67 | |
| November 16 | Christoph Ludwig Goddäus | Mayor of Kassel | 70 | |
| November 17th | Jean-Nicolas Houchard | French revolutionary general | 54 | |
| November 17th | Friedrich Ferdinand von Strantz | Prussian officer | 52 | |
| November 19th | Maximiliane from La Roche | Daughter of the writer Sophie von La Roche and a childhood friend of Goethe | 37 | |
| November 24th | Johann Matthäus Schmahl | German piano and organ builder in Ulm | 59 | |
| November 27th | Johann Philipp Bethmann | German merchant and banker | 77 | |
| November 29th | Antoine Barnave | French politician during the French Revolution | 32 | |
| 30th of November | Heinrich Wilhelm von Lettow | Prussian major general | 78 |
December
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 4th | Marcantonio Colonna | Italian cardinal | 69 | |
| December 4th | Armand de Kersaint | French naval officer and politician | 51 | |
| December 4th | Heinrich Ludwig von Schimmelmann | Governor General of the Danish West Indies | 50 | |
| December 5th | Henriette Amalie of Anhalt-Dessau | Daughter of Prince Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau | 72 | |
| December 5th | Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Etienne | Politician in the French Revolution | 50 | |
| 6th of December | Wilhelm Freiherr von Edelsheim | Baden diplomat and politician | 56 | |
| December 7th | Cerf Beer | Banker, court factor, philanthropist | ||
| December 8th | Marie-Jeanne Bécu, comtesse du Barry | Mistress of Louis XV. | 50 | |
| December 8th | Étienne Clavière | French banker and politician | 58 | |
| 9th of December | Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac | French lady-in-waiting, confidante of Queen Marie Antoinette | 44 | |
| 10th of December | Karl Theophil Döbbelin | German theater director and actor | 66 | |
| 10th of December | Johann Adolph von Nassau-Usingen | Count of Saarbrücken and Saar Werden, French and royal Prussian major general | 53 | |
| 13th December | Johann Joachim Christoph Bode | German translator | 62 | |
| 13th December | Louis Marie Florent du Châtelet | French officer, most recently lieutenant general and diplomat | 66 | |
| 15th December | Heinrich Ernst Edler from the Planitz | Prussian Major General, Commander of Infantry Regiment No. 12 | ||
| 15th December | Franz Georg Ernst von Sturmfeder | Electoral Palatinate nobleman and court official | 66 | |
| December 17th | Appiano Buonafede | Italian philosopher, theologian and writer | 77 | |
| 20th of December | Joseph Legros | classical opera singer and composer | 54 | |
| 21st December | Jean-Antoine Grangeneuve | French lawyer and politician of the French Revolution | 42 | |
| 24th of December | Daniel Filtsch | Transylvanian evangelical clergyman and author | 63 | |
| December 27th | Wenzeslaus Christoph von Lehwaldt | Prussian lieutenant general and chief of the infantry regiment. No. 43. | 76 | |
| December 29th | Friedrich von Dietrich | Mayor of Strasbourg | 45 | |
| 30th of December | Noël Martin Joseph de Necker | German doctor and botanist of French descent | 63 | |
| December 31 | Armand-Louis de Gontaut, duc de Biron | French general | 46 |
Date unknown
| Day | Surname | Profession known as | Age | receipt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| François Cornelis van Aerssen van Sommelsdijk | Dutch military and partner in the Suriname Law Firm | |||
| Josaphat Bastašić | Croatian clergyman, Bishop of Križevci | |||
| Karl August von Blomberg | royal Prussian colonel, commander of infantry regiment No. 4 | |||
| Louis-Marin Bonnet | French, painter and printmaker | |||
| Nicolas-Joseph Chartrain | Belgian violinist and composer of the classical era | |||
| Franz Xaver Clavel | German civil servant | |||
| Joseph Deibel | Wood sculptor in Dresden | |||
| Johann Heinrich Eberts | Banker, art dealer and engraver | |||
| Giovanni Battista Ferrandini | Italian painter | |||
| Antonio González Velázquez | Spanish painter | |||
| Hieronymus Holzach | Swiss painter | |||
| Johan Daniel van Hoven | Professor of history and eloquence in Lingen | |||
| Franz by Paula Kiennast | Bavarian dialect poet | |||
| Francisco-Antonio de Lacy y Witte | Spanish general and ambassador | |||
| August Jacob Liebeskind | Pastor and author | |||
| Behrendt Friedrich August von der Marwitz | Court Marshal of Friedrich Wilhelm II. | |||
| Johann Heinrich Offermann | Austrian entrepreneur | |||
| Johann Hermann Franz von Pape | German lawyer | |||
| Judah Phinehas | German miniature painter | |||
| Carl Magnus von Rheingrafenstein | Regent of the Rhine county of Gaugrehweiler | |||
| Giuseppe Sanmartino | Neapolitan sculptor | |||
| Georg August von Schönfeld | Prussian Lieutenant General, Chief of Infantry Regiment No. 30 | |||
| Shiba Zenko | Japanese writer and actor | |||
| John Swann | American politician | |||
| Yongdzin Pandita Yeshe Gyeltshen | Clergyman and author of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism |