Styria

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Styria
Country flag State coat of arms
Country flag State coat of arms
Basic data
National language : German
State capital : Graz
Biggest City : Graz
National anthem : Dachstein song
ISO 3166-2 : AT-6
Abbreviation: ST
Website: www.steiermark.at
Map: Styria in Austria
Liechtenstein Schweiz Bodensee Vorarlberg Tirol Tirol Salzburg Kärnten Burgenland Wien Steiermark Oberösterreich Niederösterreich Italien Slowenien Deutschland Kroatien Slowakei Tschechien UngarnStyria in Austria.svg
About this picture
geography
Area : 16,399.34 km² (December 31, 2019)
- of which country: 16,251.13 km² (99.1%)
- of which water: 00.147.61 km² 0(0.9%)
- Rank: 2nd of 9th
Geographic location : 46 ° 36 '- 47 ° 43'N
013 ° 34' - 016 ° 10'E
Expansion: North – South: 135.3 km
West – East: 196.1 km
The highest point: 2995  m above sea level A.
( High Dachstein )
Deepest point: 200  m above sea level A.
( Mur east of Bad Radkersburg )
Administrative division
Districts : 001 statutory city
0 12 districts
Judicial districts : 015th
Municipalities : 286, including
035 towns and
122 market communities
Map: administrative districts
Bezirk Bruck-Mürzzuschlag Bezirk Deutschlandsberg Graz Bezirk Graz-Umgebung Bezirk Hartberg-Fürstenfeld Bezirk Leibnitz Bezirk Leoben Bezirk Liezen Bezirk Murau Bezirk Murtal Bezirk Südoststeiermark Bezirk Voitsberg Bezirk WeizLocation of Styria in the federal state of Styria (clickable map)
About this picture
population
Residents : 1,246,395 (January 1, 2020)
- Rank: 4th of 9th
Population density : 76 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners: 11.5% (January 1, 2020)
Migration background : 14.2% (Ø 2019)
politics
Governor : Hermann Schützenhöfer ( ÖVP )
Ruling parties: ÖVP and SPÖ
Distribution of seats in the state parliament :
2
12
6th
2
18th
8th
2 12 6th 2 18th 8th 
A total of 48 seats
Last choice: November 24, 2019
economy
Gross domestic product : 49.6 billion euros (2018)
GDP per capita: 40,000 euros
Unemployment rate : 6.7% (September 2020)

The Styria is one of the nine provinces of the Republic of Austria . Its capital is Graz , which, followed by Leoben , Kapfenberg , Bruck an der Mur and Feldbach , is by far the largest city in Styria in terms of inhabitants. The second largest province in terms of area, the fourth largest in terms of population, borders on the Austrian provinces of Carinthia , Salzburg , Upper Austria , Lower Austria and Burgenland and, in the south, on the Republic of Slovenia . The residents are called Styrians .

Until the end of the First World War , the much larger Duchy of Styria existed as the crown land of the Empire of Austria , since 1867 in Austria-Hungary . Lower Styria has belonged to Slovenia since the fall of the Habsburg monarchy in October / November 1918 and the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919 .

geography

and display information about the image
Panoramic picture of northeast Styria, taken from the Ringwarte am Ringkogel - The view extends from the Stuhleck (far left), over the Hochwechsel and the Hartberger Land to far into Burgenland and Hungary .

The federal state of Styria has an area of ​​16,398.74 km², making it the second largest federal state in Austria. It has a 145 km long external border with Slovenia, which - apart from the exceptional case of Vienna  - is the federal state with the shortest border length with other countries. The internal border to the neighboring federal states is 870 km long.

Styria is divided into several regions. The largest in terms of area is Upper Styria , which extends from the northern state borders to the Styrian border mountains south of the Mur-Mürz-Furche . The Western Styria lies to the south of it, west of the Mur. The Eastern Styria lies east of the Mur River and south of the change and the Fischbach Alps . The provincial capital of Graz lies between East and West Styria . The area of ​​the provincial capital Graz and the district Graz-Umgebung has been called Central Styria since more recently . Geographically, this area cannot be assigned to either East or West Styria. This division of Styria, according to which large parts of Upper Styria are more to the west than Western Styria, sometimes causes confusion for those who are not in the know. It dates back to the time before the First World War, when East and West Styria together formed " Central Styria ", while Lower Styria was the mixed-language German-Slovenian area with the capital Marburg an der Drau (Slovenian Maribor ). This came to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after the end of the First World War and is now part of Slovenia. The southern part of the country from about the Deutschlandsberg  - Leibnitz  - Bad Radkersburg line is called Südsteiermark and should not be confused with Lower Styria. Colloquially, however (at least in Upper Styria), southern Styria is often equated by name with Lower Styria.

Styria is popularly known as the “Green Mark” and - mainly in tourism - the “ Green Heart of Austria ”, as around 61 percent of its land area is forested and another quarter is made up of meadows , pastures , orchards and vineyards .

The Ennstal in the north of the country with its rugged cliffs, from the Dachstein to the Gesäuse National Park , and the mountain plateaus between Hochschwab and Rax made Styria known as an alpine state. In this area there is the Hochwildstelle (also Hohe Wildstelle) with 2747  m above sea level. A. the highest mountain that lies entirely in Styrian territory. The south of the country is mostly hilly (wine-growing area), while the Grazer and Leibnitzer Feld along the Mur is flat.

The main river in Styria is the Mur , which rises in Salzburg's Lungau , soon afterwards crosses the border in western Upper Styria near Predlitz and flows mainly in an easterly direction until Bruck an der Mur . There the river makes a bend and runs south to the Slovenian border at Spielfeld . From there the Mur flows again in an easterly direction to Bad Radkersburg and forms the border to the southern neighboring state. The length of the Mur in Styria is 290.9 km.

The largest lake in Styria is the Grundlsee with 4.3 km².

Effects of global warming

The latest temperature studies suggest that Eastern Styria in particular is particularly vulnerable to global warming . Since 1960, the average annual temperature has risen by three degrees, which is twice the value in other regions. According to Gottfried Kirchengast , these trends will intensify in the future, especially in the Alpine region and in Styria, so that it is possible, among other things, that rivers such as the Raab will no longer carry water in some summers.

The ten largest municipalities
# City / municipality
territorial status: 2020 		district Area in km²
(December 31, 2019)
01 Mariazell BM 414
02 Admont LI 300
03 Sölk LI 289
04th Neuberg an der Mürz BM 275
05 Pölstal MT 271
06th Stadl-Predlitz MU 257
07th Rural LI 255
08th Schladming LI 211
09 Oberwölz MU 210
10 Rottenmann LI 205

Administrative division

Statutory city

Districts

In the course of administrative reforms, the district mergers in 2012 created the district of Murtal (amalgamation of the former districts of Judenburg and Knittelfeld) and in 2013 the districts of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag (from Bruck an der Mur and Mürzzuschlag), Hartberg-Fürstenfeld (from Hartberg and Fürstenfeld) and southeast Styria (from Feldbach and Radkersburg).

district Administrative headquarters Area in km²
(December 31, 2019) 		Inhabitants
(January 1, 2020) 		License Plate
Bruck-Mürzzuschlag Bruck an der Mur 2,156.93 98,697 BM (from 1.7.2013; old: BM or MZ)
Deutschlandsberg Deutschlandsberg 863.47 60,867 DL
Graz Graz 127.57 291,072 G
Graz area Graz 1,084.55 156.070 GU
Hartberg-Fürstenfeld Hartberg 1,224.28 90.606 HF (from 1.7.2013; old: HB or FF)
Leibnitz Leibnitz 749.97 84,756 LB
Leoben Leoben 1,053.49 59,700 LE = City of Leoben
LN = all other municipalities except the city of Leoben
Liezen Liezen 3,318.72 79,652 LI = Liezen area
(old: partly BA = Bad Aussee branch until the end of 2011)
- of which
Expositur Gröbming 		Grobming 954.85 22,820 GB = Gröbming area
Murau Murau 1,385.48 27,543 MU
Murtal Judenburg 1,675.81 71,698 MT (from July 1, 2012; old: JU or KF)
Southeast Styria Feldbach 982.96 84.036 SO (from 1.7.2013; old: FB or RA)
Voitsberg Voitsberg 678.18 51,044 VO
Wheat Wheat 1,097.94 90,654 WZ

Annotation:

  1. ↑ Created on January 1, 2013 by merging the districts of Bruck an der Mur and Mürzzuschlag
  2. ↑ As a city ​​with its own statute, Graz is both a municipality and a district at the same time.
  3. ↑ Created on January 1, 2013 by merging the districts of Hartberg and Fürstenfeld
  4. ↑ Created on January 1st, 2012 by merging the districts of Judenburg and Knittelfeld
  5. ↑ Created on January 1st, 2013 by merging the districts of Feldbach and Radkersburg

story

Originally the area was Celtic populated. In the 6th century Slavs settled from the east. Around the middle of the 8th century they asked the Bavarian Duke Odilo for support in the fight against the Avars . The Bavarians were victorious and from now on lived side by side with the Slavs in the Styrian area. The exact distribution of the population groups at that time is difficult to trace. Documents with the names of all residents of Scheifling and Lind have survived from around 1030 . Most of the names are Slavic. The German-speaking settlers are likely to have represented a minority in the High Middle Ages . Because the high posts were filled with German-speaking settlers, the German prevailed more and more. The Slavic past can still be read from many place names.

In 1180, Styria was elevated to a duchy under the Traungauers and the feudal ties to the duchy of Bavaria and the duchy of Carinthia were broken.

On the basis of an inheritance contract concluded orally in 1186 (documented in the Georgenberger Handfeste ), the dukes of Austria from the Babenberg dynasty became 1192 dukes of Styria (until 1246).

After the Babenbergs died out, Styria first came to Hungary, and in 1261 to Bohemia. In 1254, in the Peace of Ofen , the Traungau, which was connected to Styria, was separated. He became an essential part of the emerging "Principality ob der Enns" (Upper Austria). At the same time, the County of Pitten , which was part of Styria, was spun off and added to the Duchy of Austria , which at that time roughly corresponded to today's Lower Austria.

In 1282, the Duchy of Styria and the Duchy of Austria came to the Habsburg family . In the course of the Habsburg inheritance divisions, Styria became the central part of Inner Austria (with the Graz Residence).

Border toll between Carinthia and Styria, around 1820, Lith. Institution JF Kaiser, Graz

In 1918, by decision of the local deputies, in 1919 the southern part of the duchy, Lower Styria, was separated according to the provisions of the Treaty of Saint-Germain and joined to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , which later became the Republic of Yugoslavia and has been according to its since 1991 Dissolution, a significant part of the Republic of Slovenia .

In 1938, after Austria was " annexed " to the German Empire, Ausseerland , located in the far northwest of the state, was spun off to Upper Austria ("Upper Danube") and, in return, southern Burgenland was added to Styria. After the end of the Second World War , these territorial changes were reversed; so the Ausseerland was rejoined to Styria on July 1, 1948. In May 1945 Styria was occupied by Soviet troops, but came under British administration from September 1945 to summer 1955.

Surname

The name Styria derives from the city of Steyr (today in Upper Austria) and the Styraburg, first mentioned there in 985, today's Lamberg Castle , where the Counts of Traungau had their seat at that time. The Margraves of Steyr, who came from the Traungau family, made a decisive contribution to the development of Styria. The Latin name of the state ( Styria ) and the common coat of arms, the silver, red-armed and horned, flame-breathing, erect panther on green indicate the shared history of the city and the country . The word part -mark indicates the property as a border area ( Mark ), which is explained by the Mark on the Mur .

The Duden and the Austrian dictionary have Styrian and Styrian as synonyms . In local usage, however, Styrian is mainly used as part of the name of authorities, offices, companies and associations.

population

The following important information is missing from this section:
Information about the dialects spoken in Styria is completely lacking. (See also " Discussion of Styria – Linguistic ")
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

  • The population of Styria on January 1st, 2020 was: 1,246,395 inhabitants
  • Gender distribution: 50.6% female, 49.4% male
  • Age groups (2017): 18.2% under 20 years old, 20.1% from 65 years old
  • Life expectancy at birth (2017): 79.2 years for men; 84.1 years for women
  • Number of families in 2012: 346,200
  • Average number of children per family with children in 2012: 1.60

Population development

Including Lower Styria , Styria had a total of 1,356,494 inhabitants in 1900.

cities and communes

The ten most populous municipalities
# City / municipality
territorial status: 2020 		Inhabitants
January 1st, 2020
1 Graz 291,072
2 Leoben 24,471
3 Kapfenberg 22.609
4th Bruck an der Mur 15,787
5 Feldbach 13,450
6th Gratwein street angel 12,846
7th Knittelfeld 12,597
8th Leibnitz 12,437
9 Wheat 11,797
10 Deutschlandsberg 11,663

Metropolitan areas

Graz

The clock tower is the landmark of the Styrian capital Graz .

The largest conurbation in Styria is the provincial capital Graz with 291,072 inhabitants. Around 320,000 people live in the agglomeration (main residence). The catchment area of ​​the city includes over 700,000 people and extends from southern Upper Styria over the Grazer Feld to southern Burgenland to northern Slovenia. The neighboring communities of Seiersberg-Pirka , Feldkirchen bei Graz , Gössendorf and Kalsdorf are getting bigger and bigger.

Mur-Mürz furrow

The old town of Leoben lies in a loop of the Mur , the most important river in Styria.

The largest cities in the Mur-Mürz-Furche are Leoben , Bruck an der Mur and Kapfenberg . Here is the center of heavy industry. Together with their catchment area, they form the second metropolitan area of ​​Styria with around 150,000 inhabitants.

Aichfeld

The Aichfeld as the western part of the Mur-Mürz-Furche is located in the upper Mur Valley and forms the third Styrian agglomeration with the communities of Knittelfeld , Judenburg , Fohnsdorf , Zeltweg and Spielberg . Around 44,000 people live in the catchment area.

There is also the Red Bull Ring and the Hinterstoisser Air Base, Austria's largest military airfield.

Minorities

The 2001 census showed 4,250 Austrian Styrians with a Slovene mother tongue. They have only been recognized as an autochthonous minority according to the state treaty since 2004 (which largely regulates the minority rights of Slovenes and Croats in Austria) and therefore have a seat and voting rights on the ethnic group advisory board .

There are also Slovenes born in Slovenia , i.e. Slovenes who immigrated to today's Styria. According to the Styrian regional statistics, this applied to 6,911 people in 2011.

languages

Minority languages

This section is still missing the following important information:
Minority languages ​​are completely absent
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Dialects

Various dialects are spoken in Styria . These can even vary and be changed from place to place. One example is the Ennstal dialect. An overview of the basics of all Styrian dialects can also be found on the Styria Tourism website.

religion

The 2001 census recorded the following from a total population of 1,183,303:

  • 961,630 (81.0%) Catholics, responsible is the Graz-Seckau diocese ;
  • 117,589 0(9.9%) without religious belief ,
  • 051,005 0(4.3%) Protestant who are looked after by the Evangelical Superintendent of A. B. Styria ; the upper Ennstal is considered to be the stronghold, and in particular the municipality of Ramsau with 78.1%.
  • 019,007 0(1.6%) Islamic,
  • 016,345 0(1.4%) no information,
  • The proportion of Old Catholics (1,183) and Jews (161) who are looked after by the IKG Graz was below one per thousand .
  • 016,383 0(1.4%) confessed to all other religious communities.

Until 1938 there were several Jewish communities in Styria with synagogues in Bad Aussee, Bad Gleichenberg, Graz, Judenburg and Leoben.

politics

Similar to Upper Austria, Styria is a swing state , which usually has a signal character in nationwide elections. The ÖVP dominates in the rural areas of southern and eastern Styria, the SPÖ in the industrial regions of Upper Styria and in the railway hubs. But the FPÖ is also traditionally strongly anchored in Styria. In state politics the ÖVP dominated , which provided all state governors except for the period from 2005–2015 and for a long time also exerted a very strong influence on the politics of the federal ÖVP and the free choice of their party chairmen. The Styrian regional group, with some "thought leaders" within the party, was viewed as more liberal, but has gradually lost its strong position to Lower Austria over the past 20 years . In the period 2005–2015, the SPÖ provided the governor in Franz Voves .

State government

Arcade courtyard of the Graz country house
Logo of the federal state of Styria

The eight seats of the state government Schützenhöfer II , in office since December 17, 2019, were awarded as part of a coalition agreement.

Distribution of seats: 5 ÖVP, 3 SPÖ:

  •  Hermann Schützenhöfer , Governor (ÖVP)
  •  Anton Lang , First Deputy Governor (SPÖ)
  •  Juliane Bogner-Strauss , Regional Councilor (ÖVP)
  •  Christopher Drexler , State Councilor (ÖVP)
  •  Barbara Eibinger-Miedl , State Councilor (ÖVP)
  •  Doris Kampus , Regional Councilor (SPÖ)
  •  Ursula Lackner , Regional Councilor (SPÖ)
  •  Johann Seitinger , State Councilor (ÖVP)

    • Parliament

    The Styrian Landtag consists of 48 members. Since the state elections on November 24, 2019, the mandate distribution has been:

    Euregio Graz-Maribor

    The area includes southern Styria and northern Slovenia. Around 1.61 million people live in the region. A strong economic area is to be created through bilateral cooperation. But there is also cooperation in the social and cultural area.

    National anthem

    The Dachstein song , which begins with the words "Hoch vom Dachstein an ...", has been the official national anthem of Styria since 1929 . Although - contrary to political reality - the first stanza refers to the area of ​​Lower Styria, which no longer belongs to the federal state, the text has not been changed to this day.

    Economy and Infrastructure

    Styria is a land of entrepreneurs with a strong industrial-commercial sector, lighthouse projects in tourism and agricultural products that are well-known beyond the borders.

    With around a third, the manufacturing sector makes the largest contribution to regional added value, followed by business-related services, trade and the banking sector. The most important employers are the manufacturing companies, the public administration and the trade. In recent years, Styria has further expanded its position as the number one innovation country in Austria. With a research and development quota of 4.7%, Styria is one of the most innovative of the 274 regions in Europe. A total of around 1.75 billion euros are invested in research and development in Styria each year, three quarters of these investments being made by local companies.

    The rapidly growing Graz metropolitan area with its multitude of innovative, export-oriented companies and the Mur-Mürz-Furche with its traditional industrial operations make a particularly valuable contribution to this. In addition, Styria is home to four universities (Karl Franzens University, Graz University of Technology, University of Art and Culture, Montan University Leoben), two universities of applied sciences (FH Joanneum, FH Campus 02), two universities of teacher education and a large number of non-university universities Research institutions - a combination that has a positive effect on the competitiveness of domestic companies.

    These are all part of the reasons why Styria was named “European Entrepreneur Region” in 2013. With this award, the EU honors regions that implement a particularly future-oriented economic policy.

    The future economic strategy of the country will focus on the areas of mobility, eco-tech (green technology) and health-tech (medical and food technology).

    Industry

    The most important industrial sectors in Styria are the machine and metal goods industry, the vehicle industry, the electrical and electronics industry and the paper and wood sector. The Styrian industry is strongly export-oriented. Three quarters of the products produced in Styria are sold abroad - in some industries it is up to 99% (e.g. microchips). The most important sales markets are Germany, Italy, the USA and China. Almost 600 industrial companies secure more than half of the Styrian jobs with their network.

    In addition, the industry is training 3,000 young people to become skilled workers. One of the most important questions of the future for Styrian companies is to find technically qualified employees in the future. The Styrian industrial companies are for the most part strongly technology-oriented and so many companies can call themselves European or even world market leaders in their field.

    Corporate groups

    The Styrian mobility cluster ACstyria is an amalgamation of more than 290 Styrian companies that are active in the automotive, rail and aviation industries. The center of the mobility cluster is the state capital Graz . The largest and leading company is the Magna Group. In the mobility cluster as a whole, 55,000 people generated a turnover of 15 billion euros in 2017.

    In Styria there is one of the largest environmental technology clusters in Europe, the Green Tech Cluster Styria , which has topped the previous rankings as the world's best cleantech cluster (2010, 2012). The growth in turnover of around 180 cluster companies in this “Green Tech Valley” averaged 16.4% per year between 2006 and 2015, and an average of 1,000 environmental technology employees were added each year. Of the total turnover of 10.2 billion euros, 3.6 billion euros were achieved purely with environmental technology. This corresponds to around 10% of the gross regional product of Styria and one of the highest concentrations of environmental technology in the world. The cluster companies employed 39,300 people, half of them in the field of renewable energy and environmental technology. The best-known companies include Andritz AG , Roth , KWB and Joanneum Research . The Green Tech Cluster was awarded the Regiostars Award of the EU 2012 for innovative growth and the Cluster Management Excellence Label in gold.

    tourism

    Advertising logo
    " The green heart of Austria "

    Upper Styria, especially the Styrian Salzkammergut and the Schladming – Dachstein region , as well as the thermal region in the eastern Styrian hill country are important tourist areas. There are also high numbers of overnight stays in the capital Graz and its surrounding area.

    In 2017, almost 12,821,161 overnight stays were counted in all of Styria, which corresponds to an increase of 3.5% compared to the previous year. 59.1% of the guests were residents and 40.9% were foreigners. When it comes to the countries of origin, Germany is far ahead of the other countries of origin with 2,539,992 overnight stays, followed by Hungary (481,820), the Czech Republic (343,697) and the Netherlands (271,379).

    For tourist reasons, the artificial name Hochsteiermark was created for the eastern part of Upper Styria , which is marketed as a tourist region. Another artificial name is given in the case of the so-called volcanic land located in the southeast of the country .

    traffic

    Station hall of Graz main station
    Stadler GTW 5062 001 of the Steiermarkbahn und Bus GmbH as S-Bahn Styriain Graz Hauptbahnhof
    ÖBB 5022 as S-Bahn Styriain Graz Hauptbahnhof

    Public transport

    The most important railway line in Styria is the Südbahn , which comes from Vienna via the UNESCO World Heritage Site Semmering Railway and the Bruck an der Mur railway junction through the Styrian capital Graz and from there to the Austrian-Slovenian border at Spielfeld . On this route there are hourly connections between Graz and Vienna with EuroCity trains and Railjets .

    Another important railway line in Styria is the Rudolfsbahn , which runs from Sankt Valentin in Lower Austria to Tarvisio in Italy . Are in Styria the along this route path Selzthal on which on the Pyhrnbahn connection according Linz and the Ennstal web according Salzburg exists, the node Leoben , consists in the over a short distance to connect to Südbahn in Bruck, and the cities of Knittelfeld , Zeltweg and Judenburg . At Neumarkt in Styria , the railway line reaches the state border with Carinthia. Parts of the Rudolfsbahn are used on the routes from Graz to Salzburg and from Vienna to Klagenfurt am Wörthersee .

    West Styria is opened up by the Graz-Köflacher Bahn with the two lines Köflacherbahn  S7, Wieserbahn  S61 and line S6 via Kalsdorf and the Hengsberg tunnel to the Wieserbahn.

    The Koralmbahn , which is supposed to create a direct connection between Graz and the Carinthian capital Klagenfurt, is currently under construction. The route, the heart of which is to be the 33-kilometer Koralm tunnel , is expected to be completed by 2026 and runs partly along the Wieserbahn .

    International train connections that lead via Styria include the connections from Vienna to Ljubljana (via Graz), from Vienna to Zagreb (via Graz), from Graz to Zurich , from Graz to Budapest , from Graz to Frankfurt am Main and from Graz to Saarbrücken . Important Austrian cities with direct connections from Graz include Innsbruck , Salzburg and Vienna .

    Railway routes of minor importance that are regularly used by regional trains or S-Bahn trains for passenger transport are:

    On some railway lines such as the Mixnitz – Sankt Erhard Local Railway and the Feistritztal Railway , only freight traffic is scheduled to take place. The Erzbergbahn and the Stainzerbahn only operate as museum trains .

    The S-Bahn Styria was opened in December 2007 with six lines and is still in the expansion phase. Work on this project has been going on since 1998. Commissioning took place on December 9, 2007 and completion is scheduled for 2026. The S-Bahn offers better connections every 15 minutes. In total, up to twelve (currently eleven, Gleichenberger Bahn S32 after Ostbahn electrification) will be in use in the greater Graz and Upper Styrian central area. The S-Bahn is a cooperation between the railway companies ÖBB , StB and GKB .

    Trunk roads

    South Autobahn A 2 between Laßnitzhöhe and Graz

    Two motorways and three expressways currently run through Styria.

    The Fürstenfeld expressway S 7, which is currently under construction , will lead from Riegersdorf to the Austro-Hungarian border crossing at Heiligenkreuz .

    In 2017, the degree of motorization (passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants) was 602.

    Bicycle traffic

    Signpost for cyclists in Graz

    In the Styrian capital Graz, cycling is very strong with a 16% share of the modal split by Austrian standards. In the whole of Styria, the share of bicycle traffic in the traffic volume is around 6% and is thus roughly in line with the Austrian average. In the Styrian cycle traffic strategy 2008–2012 of the Province of Styria, the target for 2012 is a doubling of the cycle traffic share to 12%. It is intended to promote everyday cycling in particular .

    Cycle tourism is of great importance in Styria. The Mur Cycle Path , which runs for the most part in Styrian territory, from Predlitz on the border with Lungau to the Styrian-Slovenian border near Bad Radkersburg , is the country's most important tourist cycle path. In total, there are over 2000 kilometers of national bike paths in Styria.

    Graz Airport

    MD-90 at Graz Airport

    Graz Airport, which can be reached by bus and train, is about 10 km south of the city center of Graz. Measured in terms of passenger volume in scheduled traffic, it is the third largest airport in Austria after Vienna and Salzburg and also ranks third in terms of freight volume in Austria. Austrian Airlines offer direct connections to Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Vienna, KLM to Amsterdam, Lufthansa to Munich, SkyWork Airlines to Berlin, Swiss to Zurich and Turkish Airlines to Istanbul.

    In charter traffic, mainly Mediterranean holiday destinations are served.

    The Austrian Aviation Museum has also been located at the airport since 1981 .

    Education (school year 2012/13)

    • Preschool:
      • Day nurseries: 155 (2,508 children)
      • Kindergartens: 704 (27,413 children)
      • Day care centers: 63 (2,584 children)
      • Mixed age care facilities: 14 (522 children)
    • Compulsory schools:
      • Primary schools: 484 (43,645 students)
      • Secondary schools: 139 (19,068 students)
      • Special schools 24 (676 students)
      • Polytechnic schools: 42 (2,233 students)
      • New middle schools: 107 (10,805 students)
    • Further training:
      • General secondary schools: 48 (27,112 students)
      • Compulsory vocational schools: 20 (18,882 students)
      • Vocational middle schools: 69 (5,576 students)
      • Higher vocational schools: 43 (17,441 students)
      • Middle and high schools providing teacher training: 8 (2,507 students)
      • Healthcare schools: 35 (3,693 students)
    • Universities of Applied Sciences:
      • Campus 02 Styrian University of Applied Sciences: 1,167 students
      • FH Joanneum : 4,637 students (2019)

    Arts and Culture

    Peter Rosegger (1843-1918)

    Styria was already a cultural center in the Middle Ages. Ulrich von Liechtenstein (1200–1275) was one of the most important minstrels ; the Styrian rhyming chronicle from around 1300 is considered the first comprehensive historical work in German.

    In the field of literature, Peter Rosegger deserves special mention, whose socially critical novels are mostly set in his Upper Styrian homeland, as well as Ottokar Kernstock , Franz Nabl and Max Mell in the early 20th century . Graz has been an important focal point of contemporary Austrian literature since the early 1960s: Authors such as Elfriede Jelinek , Alfred Kolleritsch , Wolfgang Bauer and Peter Handke grouped around the Forum Stadtpark and the magazine manuskripte . Reinhard P. Gruber has set a satirical memorial in Styria with his novel From the life of Hödlmoser .

    The composers Hugo Wolf , Johann Joseph Fux and Robert Stolz come from Styria. The Styriarte classical music festival has been held annually since 1985. In the field of popular music, artists such as STS and Andreas Gabalier as well as EAV have achieved international fame.

    In Styria, cultural life is largely shaped by regular events such as the Regionale , which has replaced the earlier Styrian state exhibitions , the Diagonale film festival and the Styrian Autumn .

    With the 1811 by Archduke John, who later became German Regent , founded Universal Joanneum (formerly Joanneum) Styria is home to a museum with ten locations and 17 museums - including about the Kunsthaus Graz , Schloss Eggenberg , the country's arsenal , the Landscape Museum Trautenfels Castle , Castle Stainz with its hunting and agriculture museum and the Joanneumsviertel, which opened in 2011 and which also houses the Neue Galerie Graz .

    In addition, Styria has a lively folk culture. Thanks to the efforts of Archduke Johann and important scholars such as Viktor Geramb and Konrad Mautner , a great deal of cultural property was preserved that was lost in other parts of Central Europe. Folk music, traditional costumes ( Styrian suits ) and folk dancing are cultivated in the country. Events such as Aufsteirern and the Narcissus Festival are worth mentioning in this context.

    Attractions

    Old forge in the Austrian Open Air Museum in Stübing near Graz
    The Riegersburg

    Among the most famous sights of Styria count

    The most famous baroque palace complex in Styria is Eggenberg Palace in Graz, which today houses the old gallery of the Universalmuseum Joanneum . Around one million paying guests visit the palace gardens each year.

    The zoo and nature park Schloss Herberstein is a zoo in the Styrian community of Stubenberg am See, near St. Johann bei Herberstein with a size of about 40 hectares.

    The largest castle in Styria is the Riegersburg , whose beginnings go back to the 11th century. It is located in the town of the same name, Riegersburg in the district of Southeast Styria . The second largest castle is Strechau Castle in Upper Styria.

    The Oberkapfenberg Castle in the town of Kapfenberg now houses a collection of historical weapons and a birds of prey show. The largest fortress in Styria was the Grazer Schloßberg . The fortress is listed as a never-conquered facility in the Guinness Book of Records . Only after Napoleon conquered Vienna and threatened to destroy the capital did the Schlossberg surrender and French troops tore down most of the buildings.

    Culinary

    View into the vineyards of southern Styria

    Pumpkin seed oil is a culinary specialty of Styria . The name Styrian pumpkin seed oil has been a registered trademark since 1992 . Furthermore should be mentioned scarlet runner beans , Schilcher , Steirischer Junker and the products of Zotter chocolate . Well-known brewery products are Murauer , Schladminger, Puntigamer , Reininghaus and Gösser beer .

    The Sterz is one of the famous typical Styrian meals . This can be prepared in many different ways and is eaten with coffee or soups. In the song that has become a folk song, the Kern-Buam Da Styrian custom of "(...)  Türkensterz with ana Schwaumm'suppn on it (...)" is also mentioned.

    literature

    • Heinz Held: Carinthia and Styria. DuMont Art Guide; DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne; 2nd edition 1981; ISBN 3-7701-1097-8 .
    • Manfred Jasser: Up from the Dachstein. The Styria Breviary. Paul Neff Verlag, Vienna, 1990 ISBN 3-7014-0131-4 .
    • Hans Pirchegger: History of Styria . Leykam Verlag, Graz 1996 ISBN 3-7011-7350-8 .
    • Sigrid Rahm: Styria: a travel guide. Styria Verlag, Graz 2008 ISBN 978-3-222-13242-1 .
    • Gery Wolf, Reinhard P. Gruber: Styria. An illustrated book . Leykam Verlag, Graz 2009 ISBN 978-3-7011-7658-8 .
    • Theodor Unger: Styrian vocabulary as a supplement to Schmeller's Bavarian dictionary. Edited for print and edited. by Ferdinand Khull. Leuschner and Lubensky's University Bookstore. Graz 1903. Reprint: Academic Printing and Publishing Company. Graz 2009. ISBN 978-3-201-01898-2 .
    • E. Baumgarten: The Jews in Styria. A historical sketch. Vienna 1903.
    Atlases on history
    • Atlas of Styria. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz 1953–1970, initially published 1949–1961 by the Natural Science Association for Styria, then published 1961–1970. by the Styrian state government with the cooperation of this association. Scientific director 1949–1950 Robert Mayer, 1951–1961 Sieghard Morawetz and 1961–1970 Manfred Straka. Cartographic management and editing 1951–1961 Wilhelm Wolf, 1961–1963 Heinrich Reschenhofer and 1963–1970 Manfred Straka.
    • Atlas on the history of the Styrian farming community. Scientific director: Fritz Posch . Cartographic director: Manfred Straka. Editor: Gerhard Pferschy. Publications of the Steiermärkischen Landesarchives Volume 8. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1976, ISBN 3-201-01001-4 .
    • Home Atlas of Styria. Edited by the Historical Association for Styria with the support of the Historical State Commission for Styria. Publishing house of the Historical Association for Styria. Graz 1946 (then discontinued, see “Atlas der Steiermark”).

    Web links

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    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c Statistics Austria - Population at the beginning of 2002–2020 by municipalities (area status 01/01/2020)
    2. ↑ Population on January 1st, 2020 by detailed nationality and state. Statistics Austria, July 6, 2020, accessed on October 19, 2020 .
    3. ↑ Population with a migration background by federal state (annual average 2019). Statistics Austria, March 18, 2020, accessed on October 19, 2020 .
    4. ↑ a b Regional GDP and main aggregates by economic sector and federal state (NUTS 2), table: nominal gross regional product 2000-2018 by federal state, absolute and per inhabitant. Statistics Austria, December 10, 2019, accessed on October 18, 2020 .
    5. ↑ Labor market data 09/2020 , Public Employment Service Austria
    6. ↑ As of December 31, 2018, CSV file from REGIONALINFORMATION.zip  (1,221 kB) ; accessed on January 12, 2019.
    7. ↑ a b Is climate change coming? ORF, accessed on January 7, 2020 .
    8. ↑ Fritz Frhr. Lochner von Hüttenbach: On the name property of the early Middle Ages in Styria (=  magazine of the Historical Association for Styria . Volume 99 ). Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2008, p. 30-31; 42–43 ( historerverein-stmk.at [PDF; 16.9 MB ]).
    9. ↑ Homepage> Our country> State history> Chronicle> 1948. In: land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
    10. ^ The state of Styria. Department 7 (State and Community Development), Statistics and Geoinformation Unit: Register Census 2011 - Population, Households, Families ( Memento from July 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Graph 28, p. 57 (58)
    11. ↑ Styrian language. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
    12. ^ Synagogues Internet Archive. Retrieved December 31, 2012 .
    13. ^ Population according to religious denomination and federal states 1951 to 2001. Statistics Austria , archived from the original ; Retrieved September 18, 2012 .
    14. ↑ a b Strength field matrix Styria 2018, summary project report. Innoregio Styria, 2018, p. 11
    15. ↑ Economic Report 2013, WIBIS: [1] p. IV, [as of August 6, 2014]
    16. ↑ Economic strategy 2020, growth through innovation http://www.wirtschaft.steiermark.at/cms/dokumente/10430090_12858597/002b1fe7/WiSt%20Steiermark%202020_Wachsen%20durch%20Innovation.pdf
    17. ↑ the industry | First-hand information for training and instruction, bundled on the information platform of the Styrian industry. Retrieved June 27, 2019 .
    18. ↑ The fascination of technology | Get children and young people excited about technology and science. Retrieved June 28, 2019 .
    19. ↑ Green Tech Cluster Styria
    20. ↑ 2012 Global Cleantech Directory ( Memento from January 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
    21. ↑ Green Tech Cluster facts
    22. ↑ See hochsteiermark.at .
    23. ↑ statistik.at
    24. ↑ uni: data: regular students on technical college courses according to school type - data processing: bmbwf, Dept. IV / 10. Source: AQ Austria based on BiDokVFH, November 15, 2018, accessed on April 8, 2019 .
    25. ↑ museum-joanneum.at
    26. ↑ See patentamt.at ( Memento from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).

    Coordinates: 47 ° 15 '  N , 15 ° 20'  E