List of German words in other languages

Here German words are collected that have been taken up as loan or foreign words ( Germanism ) in other languages . This also includes words that are foreign or loan words in German, but which have been passed on to other languages in a specifically German phonetic form.

Albanian

ajzberg - iceberg
alpinist - alpinist, mountaineer
anllaser - starter
exhaust - exhaust
banknotë - banknote
baushtell - construction site
bormashin - drill
blic - flash on the camera
blinker - blinker (Kosovo)
dozë - can
dushkabin - shower cubicle
manufacturer - manufacturer
color - color
feather - feather
Feldmarëshal - Field Marshal (Kosovo)
felga - rim
ferije - vacation
finch - finch, chaffinch
fllashë - bottle
flotë - fleet
frajer - suitor ; meant is "cool guy" (Kosovo)
frak - tailcoat
fugë - fugue
fusnotë - footnote (Kosovo)
gepek - from luggage, for trunk (Kosovo)
gneiss - gneiss (Kosovo)
kofer - suitcase
coke - coke
krikëll - beer mug; from the Bavarian word Krügel
kuarc - quartz
coupling - coupling
lajtmotiv - leitmotif
country - state
llak - paint
mantill - coat
marsh - march
muzikant - musician
pena - bum
puç - coup
rëntgen - X-ray
rikverc - reverse gear (Kosovo)
shabllon - stencil
shall - scarf
shalter - light switch, post office counter, etc. (Kosovo)
shinë - rail
shllak - blow; means whipped cream (Kosovo)
shnicel - Schnitzel (Kosovo)
shojnicë - barn (Kosovo)
shpindel - Spindel (Kosovo)
shpotë - ridicule (Kosovo)
shrafciger - screwdriver (Kosovo)
shtab - rod; in the sense of general staff
shtand - stand, book stand (Kosovo)
shteker connector
shtojer - tax
strajfen - stripes
shtreke - route (Kosovo)
slitë - sledge
shtall - stable
tankshtell - gas station
valc, valcer - waltz
vinjak - windbreaker (Kosovo)
volfram - tungsten
xehe - colliery (Kosovo)
zinc– zinc

Arabic

رايخ (raaych) - empire ; what is meant is the German Reich
باغر (excavator) - excavator (Syria)
بيرة (biira) - beer

Bosnian / Croatian / Serbian

" H " is the pronunciation [⁠ x ⁠] (the German " ch "), " š " the debate [⁠ ʃ ⁠] (like " sh ") pronounced:

adresirati - to address
ajnfor - door; from: import
alga - alga
alpski - Alps, alpine
anlaser - starter
exhaust / exhaust - exhaust
auto šlep - car towing
hangers - hangers, hangers
badekostim - bathing suit, bathing suit
bademantil - bathrobe
beštek - cutlery
bina - stage
bluza - blouse
borer - drill
bormašina - drilling machine
bunker - bunker
buhtla - Buchtel
brifer - phase checker
brile - ski goggles ; from: Brille
braon - brown
buksna- socket
cajti - the times
cange - pliers
cigla - brick
cilj, ciljati - aim, aim
cimer, cimerka - roommate, roommate
cuclati - A zuzeln = suck
cu fuz - on foot
cug - alcoholic drink, drink
cukur - sugar
curik - back
cušpajz - a side dish
cikcange - nippers
deka - ceiling
dihtung, dihtovati - seal , seal
dinstati - steam
drek - dirt
drukati, druker - print, printer
escajg - eating utensils, cutlery
farba - paint
fasovati - grasp
faširati - A mince = turn through the meat grinder
fen - hair dryer, hair dryer
felga - rim
fergazer carburetor
ferije - vacation
finta - feint, trick
flanša - flange
flaster - adhesive plaster, adhesive tape
flaša - bottle
fleka - stain
fraj - free
frajer - handsome young man; from: Free
frizer - hairdresser
frontšajbnica - car windshield ; developed from the high demand for car windscreens brought from Germany by guest workers .
frtalj - quarter
fruštuk - breakfast
frštuljiti - understand
funta - pound
fušer, fušeriti - botch, botch
gastarbajter - guest workers
gelender - railing
gemišt - white wine with water; by: mixed
gepek - trunk; from: luggage
germitajg - A Germiteig = yeast dough
gearbox - gearbox
glajz - track
glatko - smooth
glanc, glancati - shine, shine
grincejg - soup greens, greens
grao - gray
grif - the grip on musical instruments
griz - semolina
grof - count
grunt - plot of land
gruntovnica - deed of ownership
heklati - crochet
hauba - hood, bonnet
haustor - house gate, common in Zagreb
hauzmajstor - caretaker
hilzna - sleeve
hoblić - planer
jakna - jacket
jauzna - A Jauze = breakfast
kajzerica - A Kaisersemmel
kamašne - gaiters
karfiol - A cauliflower = cauliflower

kelner - waiter

kerviš - sweeping

kibicovati, kibicer - lapwing, lapwing; from: Lapwing

kič - kitsch

kirbaj - parish fair, fair

knedla - dumplings

kofer - suitcase

compote - compote

korpa - basket

kragna - collar

kredenac - sideboard, table of gifts

krigla - jug; from: Krügel

krisban - Christmas tree; from: Christmas tree

krofna - A donut = Berlin pancake

krumpiri - A grumberry = potato

clutch - clutch

kupleraj - coupling shop

kurcšlus - short circuit

kurbla - crank

ladica - drawer

ler, u leru - idle

licitar - gingerbread, gingerbread

licna - strand

ligeštul, lingištil - deck chair

logor - only in the sense of collective camp / concentration camp

lokna - locke

lotre, lotrice, lojtrice - head

maher - doer, expert

majstor - master; often used in the sense of craftsmen

manikircojg - manicure tools

mantil - coat

manžetna - cuff

mebl štof, mebl štofovi - upholstery fabrics, upholstery

mrš - march, go away, disappear

mišafla - manure shovel

moler - wall painter

natkasna, natkasl - A night box

noklice - A dumpling

ofinger - coat hanger; from: Hangers

pađen - car tires; from Austrian "slap", actually slipper, figuratively flat tire

pantofne - slipper

paradajz - A tomato = Tomato

pasovati - adapt

peglati, pegla - iron, iron

peh - bad luck, misfortune

pehar - cup

pekar - baker

pereca - pretzel

perika - wig

plac - place

pleh - sheet metal

pliš - plush

prezle - A crumbs = breadcrumbs

putar - butter

radkapa - hubcap

rajcati - irritate

rajndla - A Reindl = pan

rajsferšlus - zipper

rajsnegla - thumbtack

ram, rama, uramiti - frame, frame

regal - shelf

rerna - A pipe = oven

rinflajš - beef

ringišpil - fair; from: Ringelspiel

rikverc - reverse gear on vehicles

roletne - shutters, from shutters

rolšue - roller skates

rostfraj - rustproof

juice - juice

sajla - rope

mustard - coll. mustard

šlafrok - dressing gown

sličuge, slićure - ice skates

sokne - socks

šajba - disc

šal - scarf

šalter - switch

šank - A Schank = counter, counter

šengajst - beautiful spirit

šlag - A whipped cream

šlager - Schlager

šlajm - slime

šlampav - sloppy

šlampača - slut

šlank - slim

šlauh, šlauf - hose

šlepati, šleper - hauling, tugboat

šminka - make-up

šmirgl papir, šmirglati - emery paper , sandpaper , emery, grind

šnajder, šnajderica - tailor , seamstress

šnala - hair buckle

šnicla - schnitzel

šnita - cuts

šnjirati, šnjira - lace, cord

šoferšajbna - windshield; from: Chauffeurscheibe

špacirung - walk

špahtla - spatula

špajz - A food = pantry

špenadla - pin; from: Spann-Nadel

šparet, šporet - economy stove

špic - tip

špiccange - needle-nose pliers

špiglo - mirror

špikovati - peck

špricer - A spritzer = white wine spritzer

šprica - syringe

šrafciger - screwdriver

štap - stick

šteker connector

štemati - stalk

štemajzl - chisels

štikla - shoe heel; from: Heeled shoe

štimung - mood

štimati, štimovati - agree (be correct), agree (arrange)

štof - fabric

štopati - stop; stop in the sense of time

štos - impact in the sense of impact, but also a trick

štrajfna - stripes

štreber - nerd

štrikati - knitting

štrudla - strudel

Sulc - aspic

šund - trash

šunka - ham

šupa - shed (building)

šuster - cobbler, shoemaker

šut - rubble

švercer - blackers, smugglers

tabla - blackboard

tancati - dance

tašna - bag

trefiti, potrefiti - to meet

tregeri - braces

tirac - veterinarian

tringelt - coll. tip

veker - alarm clock

veš - laundry

vaservaga - spirit level

vic - joke

vikler - hair curlers , hair curlers
vindjakna - windbreaker
viršla - sausages; from: Würschtl
vešmašina - washing machine
zglajzati - derail
zihernadla, ziherca - safety pin

Bulgarian

айсберг (ajsberg) - iceberg
алпинист (alpinist) - alpinist , mountaineer
анцуг (suit) - sports suit
ауспух (exhaust) - exhaust
бакенбард (bakenbard) - whiskers
бакпулвер (bakpulwer) - baking powder
банкнота (banknota) - banknote
бира (bira) - beer
боцман (botsman) - boatswain
будка (budka) - kiosk, booth
винкел (angle) - angle (tool)
вирбел (vortex) - vortex (fishing)
вундеркинд (child prodigy) - child prodigy
вурст / вурстче (Wurst / Wursttsche) - sausages
гастарбайтер (gastarbajter) - guest workers
гатер (gater) - frame saw
гипс, гипрсирам, гипскартон (plaster of paris, giprsiram, plasterboard) - plaster , plaster, plasterboard
груб (grub) - coarse; as in "gross error", "rough estimate"
грубиян, грубиянски, грубиянство (grubijan, grubijanski, grubijanstwo) - brute, in the manner of a brute, rudeness
грунд, грундирам (Grund, Grundiram) - reason, priming
дюбел (djubel) - dowels
фалшив (falsehiv) - false, falsified
флейта (flejta) - flute
фойерверк (fojerwerk) - fireworks
кайзер (kajser) - emperor
картоф (kartof) - potato
кич (kitsch) - kitsch
компот (kompot) - compote
куплунг (clutch) - clutch
курорт (health resort) - health resort
лайтмотив (lajtmotiv) - leitmotif
лак, лакирам (lak, lakiram) - varnish, varnish
луфт (air) - gap, margin
льос (ljos) - loess
майстор (majstor) - craftsman (<master)
марш (march) - march
маршрут (marschrut) - shared taxi (<march route)
мащаб (mashtab) - yardstick
мебел (mebel) - furniture
музикант (musician) - musician
мюсли (mjusli) - muesli
нит (nit) - rivet
пауза (pausa) - pause
педал (pedal) - pedal
плакат (plakat) - poster
полтъргайст (poltargajst) - poltergeist
принц (prinz) - prince
раница (raniza) - backpack (<satchel)
регал (regal) - shelf
шал (scarf) - scarf, shawl
шаблон (stencil) - stencil
шарнир (scharnir) - hinge
швестер (sister) - gay (<sister)
шибидах (shibidach) - sunroof
шлаух (hose) - hose
шницел (schnizel) - schnitzel
шнур (cord) - cord
шлосер (locksmith) - locksmith
шлеп (schlep) - barge
шлиц (schliz) - slit skirt (<slit)
шлюз (schljus) - lock
шпалир (shpalir) - trellis
шпалта (shpalta) - column of text
шпек (schpek) - salami-like sausage (< bacon )
шперплат, шперплатен (schperplat, schperplaten) - plywood board (<plywood)
шпиц (schpiz) - German lace
шприц (schpriz) - spray gun, splash
шпагат (shpagat) - splits
шпион (shpion) - spy
шрифт (script) - font, character set
шублер, шиблер (Schubler, Schibler) - Measuring tool , Schublehre
щаб (shtab) - headquarters
щайга (shtajga) - climb
щанга (shtanga) - horizontal bar
щанд (schtand) - market stall
щанца, щанцовам (shtanza, shtanzowam) - punch, punch
щат (shtat) - state
щатив (shtatiw) - frame (<tripod)
щекер (schteker) - plug
щемпел (schtempel) - stamp
щифт (schtift) - pen (mechanical engineering)
щора (schtora) - blinds (<Swiss German "Store")
щорм (schtorm) - storm
щранг (strand) - strand
щрих, шриховам (schtrich, schtrichowam) - dash
щурм (shturm) - assault
щурман (shturman) - helmsman
яке (jake) - jacket

Danish

Note: Æ / æ = [ æ (ː) ; ɛ (ː) ] = Ä / ä (in Gallisms also “ai” / “ei”); Ø / ø = [ œ (ː) ; ø (ː) ] = Ö / ö (in Gallisms also “eu”); Å / å = [ o (ː) ] = O / o (in Gallisms also “au”); Y / y = [ y (ː) ] = Ü / ü

drunk - drunk

do better - urge to interfere in other people's work

flygel - concert grand piano

gardener - gardener; from: early New High German Gartner

gejst - spirit

gesjæft, geschæft - shop, shop

dear - interested party, lover, collector

live life; for example in "the street was full of life"

lidse - strand

wedding - Wedding Shower

rutsje (bane), rutsche (bane) - slide, slide, roller coaster

shade - shade

thigh - ham

schnauzer - schnauzer (dog)

schnitzel, snitsel - schnitzel

cobbler - cobbler

swing - swing of a music performance or swinging handwriting

Schæchte - Schächten

schæfer - sheepdog

scottish, scottish - Scottish (dance)

sjuft - villain

slager, hit - hit

easel - easel

tus, tusch, tusse - colored pencil

approximately - approximately

von - former name affix for officers

weltschmerz - Weltschmerz

English

Estonian

trout - trout
hakkliha - minced meat
heeringas - herring
hügieeniartikkel - hygiene articles
can - jug
kartulid - potatoes
cinema - cinema
klaas - glass
kohver - suitcase
magu - stomach
minute - minute
zero zero
petersell - parsley
pirnid - pear
plaaster - plaster
politsei - police
reisibüroo - travel agency
rosmariin - rosemary
salv - ointment
sibul - onion
sink - ham
süls - brawn
tall - stable
tass - cup
tekki - blanket
till - dill
-tsioon - ending -tion
tund - hour
tüümian - thyme
vein - wine
vorst - sausage

Finnish

Many Finnish-sounding words in Finnish are actually taken from Swedish , such as B. the word kahvipaussi (coffee break), which was nevertheless drawn in 2006 as emigrated word of the year by the German Language Council from proposals submitted . Many of the words with actually German origins were also borrowed into Finnish via Swedish.

know it all (i) - know it all
bratwursti - German bratwurst; the Finnish bratwurst has its own name: Lenkkimakkara
flyygeli - piano ; from: wing
youth - Art Nouveau
kippis - toast; from: Tip it
kitsch - kitsch
kuulalaakeri - ball bearings
lied - (German) song
markka - Finnish currency before the introduction of the euro
marssi - march
mutteri - mother; from: screw nut
mysli - muesli
polttarit - Polterabend
vahtimestari - caretaker, porter; from: Wachtmeister
veto - bet
vitsi - joke, maybe from Swedish vits

French

(l ') alpenstock - Alpenstock

(l ') connection - connection of Austria in 1938

(l ') arquebuse - fire rifle with a hook in the shaft to be placed on a frame; from: Middle High German Hâkenbühse

(l ') aurochs - aurochs

(la) baltique - Baltic, in mer Baltique (Baltic Sea) for Baltic Sea

(le) bandonéon - bandoneon

(le) batz - Batzen

(le) professional ban - professional ban

(le) bécher - beaker in chemistry

(le) beffroi - keep

(la) benzine - gasoline

(le) Biedermeier - Biedermeier

(le) bismuth - bismuth

(le) bitter - bitter liqueur

(le) blafard - "pale" / "pale", from mhd. bleichvar "pale colors"

(la) blind, blind - blind

(le) blitz - blitz chess

(le) blitzkrieg - Blitzkrieg

(le) blockhaus - bunker

(le) bocard - from Pochhammer

(le) bock - Bock beer

(le) bourgmestre - mayor

(le) bretzel - pretzel

(le) bunker - bunker

(la) calèche - carriage

(la) came - comb

(la) chabraque - saddle pad

(le) chic - chic, "custom"

(la) chopine - from Schoppen

(la) choucroute - sauerkraut

(la) cible - from disk

(le) cobalt - Kobold

(la) cravache - Karbatsche : leather whip

(le) cromorne - organ register: Krummhorn

(le) dachshund - badger

(le) diesel - diesel

(le) dictation - dictation

(le) doppelganger - doppelganger

(l ') ersatz - cheaper replacement for products

(l ') espièglerie - mischievousness or prankster; from Eulenspiegel

(le) feldgrau - Feldgrau (as German uniform color)

(le) feld-maréchal - Field Marshal

(le) feldwebel - Sergeant

(le) fifre - whistle

(le) fifrelin - chanterelle

(le) flehmen - Flehmen

(le) fœhn, föhn - Switzerland. German hair dryer, hair dryer as wind

blow-dry, blow-dry your hair

(la) foudre - from Fuder (large barrel)

(la) frichti - quick meal; from: breakfast

(le) Führer - leader

(la) Cosiness - comfort

(la) gestalt - gestalt

(le) gestapiste - by Gestapo

(le) glass - glass

(le) glockenspiel - carillon

(le) gneiss - gneiss

(le) dig - a ditch that was created, for example, by a landslide

(le) groschen - groschen

(la) gueuse - goose

(l ') half-ring - half-ant, half duck

(la) hallebarde - halberd

(le) hamster - hamster

(le) handball - handball

(la) hanse - Hanse

(la) hase - rabbit

(l ') hinterland - hinterland

(le) horst - tectonic horst

(le) hussard - hussar

(la) hutte - hut

yodler, yodler - yodel

(le) Art Nouveau - Art Nouveau

(le) kaiser - emperor

(le) kammerspiel - Kammerspiel

broken - broken

(le) karcher - high pressure cleaner ; derived from the German company Kärcher

(le) képi - kepi; from: cap

(la) kermesse - fair ; from Middle High German kirmesse or Flemish kerkmisse

(le) kieselguhr, kieselguhr - kieselguhr

(le) kirsch - Kirschwasser

(le) kitsch - kitsch

(le) kobold - goblin

(le) kouglof - Gugelhupf

(le) krach - stock market crash

force (adj.) - e.g. B. in le papier kraft (very strong wrapping paper)

(le) kreuzer - cruiser (coin)

(le) kronprinz - used for "Kronprinz" in Germany and Austria

(le) kummel - caraway liqueur

(le) laborantin - laboratory assistant

(le) land - state

(le) landau - prams, dolls prams, landau

(le / la) landgrave - Landgrave

(la) landgravine - the wife of a landgrave, landgrave

(la) landwehr - Landwehr

(le) lansquenet - Landsknecht

(le) loam - loam

(le) leitmotif - leitmotif

(le) lette, letton - Lette

(le) lied - especially Germanic folk songs

(le) loden - loden

(le) lœss - loess

(le) loustic - prankster; from: funny

(la) team - as a name for the German national soccer team

(le) mark - mark

(le) minnesang - minnesang

(le) nazi - Nazi

(le) no man's land - no man's land in the First World War

(la) nouille - pasta

(l ') obus - howitzer

(le) panzer - tanks

(la) pitch iris - pitchblende

(le) pfennig - pfennig

(le) plancton - plankton

(le) poltergeist - Poltergeist

(la) purine - purine

(le) coup - coup

(le) quartz - quartz

(la) quenelle - dumplings

(la) quille - cone

(la) rafle - shuffle

(le) reichsmark - Reichsmark

(le) reichstag - Reichstag

(le) reître - rider

(le) rhingrave - Rheingraf

(la) ridelle - Reidel

(le) rollier - roller

(le) rollmops - rollmops

(la) rosse - Ross

(le) rösti - Rösti

(le) rotengle - red ball

(le) rucksac - backpack

(le) saber - saber

(le) sarrau - from Sarrok

divorce - divorce

(le) schilling - Schilling

(la) schlague - blow, baton

(le) sneaked - sneaked

(le) schlamm - sludge in the metal industry

(la) sledge - wooden sledge in forestry

(le) schnaps - schnapps

(le) schnauzer - Schnauzer (dog)

(le) snorkel, snorkel - snorkel

(le) schnouff - snuff

(le) schorl - Schörl , mineral

(la) schupo - protective police

(le) schuss - technique when skiing

(le) singspiel - Singspiel

(le) social-démocrate - social democrat

(le) splitter -

(le) spath - spat (mineral)

(le) speiss - in metallurgy a mixture of metal and arsenic after an initial roasting process

(le) mirror - mirror iron, ferro-manganese

(le) spitz - Spitz (dog)

(le) stem - stem arch , skiing technique

(la) stepmother - stepmother

chanze - jump

(le) stollen - Christmas stollen

(le) Sturm und Drang - Sturm und Drang

(le) sylvaner - Silvaner

(le) talweg - valley path

(le) teckel - dachshund

(le) trolle - troll

(le) trommel - mixing drum

(l ') umlaut - umlaut

(la) valine - valine

(la) valse - waltz

(le) vampire - vampire

(le) vasistas - skylight ; from: “What is that?”, since at least 1784

(le) vermouth - guess

(le) waldsterben - forest death

welsche, velche, which - Welsche

(la) Weltanschauung - Weltanschauung

(le) weltpolitik - world politics

(le) wergeld - wergild

(le) wienerli - Switzerland. German: small elongated sausage

(le) witz - very derogatory joke

(le) zeitgeist - zeitgeist

(la) zeitnot - time pressure in chess

(le) zugzwang - Zugzwang in chess

(la) cotton candy - cotton candy

(le) zwieback - rusks

A German origin is often ascribed to the boulevard , which however goes back to the Dutch bolwerk .

Greek

αλτ (old) - stop
γκάσταρμπαϊτερ (ngastarbaiter) - guest workers
καπούτ (kapout) - broken
καρτόφι (kartofi) - potato; via Russian: Картофель into Pontic
κιτς (kits) - kitsch
κραχ (crash) - stock market crash
λούμπεν (loumben) - disenfranchised, proletarian; from German: Lumpenproletariat
μαρς (mars) - march
μπίρα (bira) - beer
πόλτεργκαϊστ (polterngaist) - Poltergeist
πρέτσελ (pretsel) - pretzel
σνίτσελ (snitzel) - Schnitzel
στρούντελ (stroundel) - vortex

Hebrew (New Hebrew)

Old things - reputation of the traveling scrap dealers in Tel Aviv
בירה (Bira) - beer
ביס - bite
דקל - Dachshund
דיבל - dowel
פיינשמקר - gourmet
איזולירבנד - electrical tape
קולרבי - Kohlrabi
קורס - course
שלייף (grinding) - grinding machine (also: grinding (techn.))
שלוק - gulp
שניצל - schnitzel
שוונג - swing
שפיץ - pointed
שטרודל - strudel; also for @
וישר (wiper) - windshield wiper
צימר (room) - guest room
אוטו (auto) - car

Colloquial Hebrew has a number of Germanisms that have found their way into Yiddish . See also article Hebrew Language

Inuktitut

German-speaking missionaries of the Moravian Brethren have left some loanwords in the local Inuit dialects in Labrador . This includes words for new things such as the potato, but also words that are now used as alternative forms in addition to the corresponding native terms.

jaarik - year
kartupalak - potato
wurik - week

Numerals:

ainsili - one
tsuvailik - two
turai - three

Italian

Japanese

Japanese loanwords were generally compiled by Kamiya in 1994. Irwin 2011 offers a selection list.

As early as the first half of the 19th century, German doctors were teaching Western medicine in China at times. As the century progressed, Japan adopted Germany's medical education system and German professors taught at Japanese universities. The legal system was also based on the German model. Until 1945, German was the second most important scientific language in Japan, which had an impact on vocabulary, especially in medicine. In the early 19th century, terms from mountaineering, skiing and politics were added.

For foreign words in Japanese, see also Gairaigo .

アインザッツ (ainzattsu) - use in music
アイゼン (aizen) - crampons
アンザイレン (angairen) - roping up
アレルギー (arerugī) - allergy
アルバイト (arubaito) - work, in the sense of secondary employment, temporary work
アスピリン (asupirin) - aspirin
アウトバーン (autobān) - highway
バウムクーヘン (baumukūhen) - Baumkuchen
ボンベ (bonbe) - (gas) bomb , gas bottle, gas container
ダックスフント (dakkusufunto) - Dachshund
ドッペルゲンガー (dopperugengā) - doppelganger
エーデルワイス (ēderuwaisu) - edelweiss
エネルギー (enerugī) - energy
エネルギッシュ (enerugisshu) - energetic
エピテーゼ (epitēze) - epithesis
ガスマスク (gasumasuku) - gas mask
ゲバルト (gebaruto) - (State) violence
ゲマインシャフト (gemainshafuto) - community
ゲネプロ (genepuro) - dress rehearsal
ゲレンデ (gerende) - (ski) terrain
ギプス (gipusu) - (medical) plaster of paris
グミ (gumi) - fruit gum
ハイム (haimu) - home
ヒュッテ (hyutte) - (mountain) hut
イロニー (ironī) - irony
ヤンマ (yanma) - Jammer
カプセル (kapuseru) - capsule
カルテ (karute) - card; in the sense of: recording of the medical history, medical record
キルシュワッサ (kirushuwassa) - Kirsch
コントラバス (kontorabasu) - double bass
クランケ (kuranke) - sick, patient
メルヘン (meruhe) - fairy tale
メッセ (messe) - fair
ナトリウム (natoriumu) - sodium
ノイローゼ (noirōze) - neurosis
オルガスムス (orugasumusu) - orgasm
オナニー (onanī) - onanism
ポルターガイスト (porutāgaisuto) - poltergeist
プロテーゼ (purotēze) - prosthesis
ラーゲ (rāge) - position ( sex position )
レントゲン (rentogenic) - (medical) x-ray
ルンペン (runpen) - rags, homeless
ルンペンプロレタリアート (runpenpuroretariāto) - lumpen proletariat
リュックサック (ryukkusakku), リュック (ryukku (abbr.)) - backpack
シュラフ (shurafu) - sleeping bag
シュトレン (shutoren) - [Christ] stollen
テーマ (tēma) - subject
トルテ (torute) - cake
ツァイトガイスト (tsaitogaisuto) - Zeitgeist
ウラン (uranium) - uranium
ワーゲン (wāgen) - Volkswagen Beetles , Volkswagen cars in general
ワイングラス (waingurasu) - wine glass
ワンダーフォーゲル (wandāfōgeru), ワンゲル (wangeru (abbr.)) - wandering bird
ヤッケ (yakke) - windbreaker
ザーメン (zāmen) - semen, seed , sperm
ザワークラウト (zawākurauto) - sauerkraut

Korean

아르바이트 (arŭbait'ŭ) - part-time job, temporary work
알레르기 (allerŭgi) - allergy
노이로제 (noiroje) - neurosis
가제 (kaje) - gauze, wound dressing
깁스 (kipsŭ) - plaster of paris
아이젠 (aijen) - crampons
자일 (jail) - rope
코펠 (k'op'el) - cooker (leisure, mountaineering)
글로켄슈필 (kŭllok'ensyup'il) - carillon
라이트 모티브 (rait'ŭmot'ibŭ) - leitmotif
룸펜 (rump'en) - rags, homeless
프롤레타리아 (p'ŭrollet'aria) - proletarians
프롤레타리아트 (p'ŭrollet'ariat'ŭ) - proletariat
이데올로기 (ideologi) - ideology
샬레, 샤 알레 (shale, shaale) - Petri dish
프레파라트 (p'ŭrep'arat'ŭ) - preparation for a microscope
메스 실린더 (mesŭshillindŏ) - measuring cylinder
호프 (hopŭ) - courtyard, pub
국카 스텐 (kukk'asŭten) - peep box

Latvian

Some of the words originally taken from Middle High German were also transmitted via Denmark and Sweden and modified accordingly.

aisbergs - iceberg
amats - clerk, official post, position
ārsts - doctor
baļķis - beams, balcony
bikses - Buxe, Büxe, pants
blašķe - bottle
bleķis - sheet metal
brake - brake
brilles - glasses
bumbieris - Bumbirne, Bumbee (Palatine), 'pear for pressing'
būvēt - to build (build)
dambis - the dam
dienests - the service, at your service
dīķis - pond, actually thicket
dubults - double, double
elle - hell
etiķis - vinegar
flīģelis - wing
shrimp - shrimp
glāze - glass
glazūra - glaze
kanna - jug
kaste - box
ķēde - chain
ķieģelis - brick
Pumpkin - pumpkin
ķirsis - cherry
kleita - dress
koferis - suitcase
krogs - pitcher (restaurant)
krūze - jug , mug, large cup
kungs - Lord (of King)
kurvis - curve
lustīgs - funny
mērķis - target brand
kidney - kidney
onkulis - uncle
panna - pan
pudele - bottle , bottle
rēķināt - calculate, calculate
sīpols - onion
šķūnis - dandruff
šlipse - tie , tie
smēķēt - smoking (of tasting)
smēre - Dope
šmuce - dirt
šmucīgs - dirty
smuks - jewelry, pretty
šņabis - brandy
spēle - game
stārķis - stork
stunda - hour
aunt - aunt
telts - tent
un - and
vērts - valuable
zāģis - saw
zēns - boy, boy (from son)
ziepes - soap
zvērests - the oath (from swear)

Lithuanian

buterbrodas - bread and butter
tortas - cake
vafliai - waffles
vata - cotton wool

Dutch

abseil - abseil
aha experience - aha experience
in itself - in itself
bildkaart - picture postcard
stage - stage
loner - loner
fingertip sensitivity - sensitivity

mulled wine - mulled wine

agitate - agitate

Jugendstil - Art Nouveau

kitsch - kitsch

muesli - muesli

upper - head waiter

folder - file folder

ramsj - junk

socially acceptable - socially acceptable

schadenfreude - schadenfreude

make- up - make-up

schwalbe - swallow (football)

anyway - anyway

at all - at all

umlaut - umlaut sign

zeitgeist - zeitgeist

Norwegian

know it all - know it all
instinct - intuition
gebyr - fee
founder - (business) founder
katzenjammer - bad music or hangover (from alcohol consumption)
broken - broken
omsonst - in vain
slager - successful song ( hit song )
snikksnakk - stupid chatter
foreplay, aftermath - consumption of alcoholic beverages before or after a party, a visit to a disco or a pub evening; also used as the abbreviation “vors”

Polish

ajerkoniak - egg liqueur (<eggs + cognac)
bakburta - port side (in seafaring)
banknot - banknote
barwa - color (property) (<mhd. varwe)
bejca / bejcować - stain / stain
bindować - bind
blacha / blacharz - sheet metal / tinsmith (construction plumber)
blenda - cover in architecture
Blitzkrieg - Blitzkrieg
bokobrody - whiskers
bosman - boatswain
bruderszaft - coll. toast to the brotherhood
buda - booth
budować - build
Buchalter - accountant
bumelować - stroll, go blue
burmistrz - mayor
bursztyn - amber
cegła - brick
cel - goal
chata, chatka - mountain, refuge
cuzamen do kupy - coll. all together
cyferblat - dial
roof - roof
druk - letterpress
drut - wire
dryl, drylować - drill
durszlak - sieve made of solid material (<punch)
dyszel - drawbar
elwa - 911; from: Penalty in football
esesman - SS man
fachowiec, fachowy - specialist, professional
fajerwerk - fireworks
fajrant - after work
fałsz, fałszować - wrong, fake
farba - paint (fabric for painting, painting, dyeing and printing)
fartuch - cloth, apron
felczer - Feldscher
Feldfebel - Sergeant
Feldmarszałek - Field Marshal
feler - deficiency (<error)
felga - rim
filar - pillar
flaga - flag
flaszka (coll.) - bottle
flet - flute
flinta - shotgun
freight - freight
frajda - joy
frez, frezarka, frezer, frezować - milling cutter (tool), milling machine, milling cutter (profession), milling
front - front
fuga - fugue
furman - carter
garbarz, garbować - fermenter, ferment
gestapo - Gestapo
plaster of paris - plaster of paris
giser - caster
glanc, glancować - shine, verb to: make shine (polish)
gmina - community
gotyk - Gothic
grabarz, grób - gravedigger, grave
grajcar - cruiser
grosz - groschen
grunt, gruntować - ground (earth, soil), prime
grupa - group
gryf - handle of a musical instrument
gryfel - stylus
grynszpan - verdigris
grys - grit, semolina (<semolina)
guilder - guilder

gwałt, gwałcić - violence, rape

gwint thread

gzyms - cornice

haft, haftować - embroidery (<tack), sticken (<tack)

hak - hook

hala - hall

halabarda - halberd

halerz - lighter

hałda - dump

hamować, hamulec - brake (<inhibit), brake

trade, handlarz, handlować - trade, trader, trade

dumbbells

hanza - Hanseatic League

harcap - braid of hair

harfa - harp

hartować - harden

haubica - howitzer

lever - planer

hełm - helmet

hochsztapler - impostors, fraudsters

holować - drag (<fetch)

hołd, hołdować - homage (<grace), pay homage

huta - metal hut

jarmark - Krammarkt (<fair)

jodłować - to yodel

kacenjamer - hangover

kac (pronounced katz) - hangover (alcohol intoxication)

kajuta - cabin

kajzerka - Kaiser rolls

kapelmistrz - Kapellmeister

capsule - crown cap (<capsule)

kartofel - potato

kicz - kitsch

kindersztuba ( obsolete ) - nursery

kiper - Küper

klajster - paste

klejnot - gem

klinkier - clinker

kluska, kluski - dumpling, dumplings

knajpa - pub

knedel - dumplings

kotlet - chop

kroksztyn ( deprecated ) - corbel

kształt - form (<shape)

buyer - travel chest (<suitcase), trunk

buddy - buddy

kupować - buy

health resort - health resort

ładować - store

country - federal state in Germany and Austria

likier - liqueur

loch - hole (ancient prison)

majster - master

majstersztyk - masterpiece (masterful performance)

broker - broker

malować - paint

marszruta - march route

maswerk - tracery

mebel - furniture

mistrz - master

mufa - socket

mundsztuk - mouthpiece (for wind instruments, cigarettes, or bridle )

mur, murować - wall, walls

murgrabia - margrave

musli, muesli - muesli

nit - rivet

obcas - shoe heel

O-ring - O-ring

pauza - pause

pils - pilsner

plac - place

plaster - plaster

platfus - flat foot

(wy) pucować - cleaning

rachmistrz - treasurer (<arithmetician)

rachunek - invoice

ratunek - rescue

ratusz - town hall

rausz - intoxication

intoxication offense - intoxication offense

raut - rhombus (diamond or decorative pattern in architecture)

regał - shelf

rejs - air or sea travel

reszta - rest (money)

rolmops - rollmops

rota (historical infantry unit) - Rotte

rotmistrz - Rittmeister

rura - pipe

ruszt - gridiron

rusztowanie - scaffolding

rycerz - knight

rycina - illustration in particular copper engraving or lithography (<scratch)

rygiel, ryglować - sliding bolt, lock

rym - rhyme

rymarstwo, rymarz - Riemenschneiderei, Riemenschneider

rynna - gutter

rynek - market square (<ring)

rynsztok - gutter (<gutter)

rynsztunek - combat equipment, armor

rysować - sign (<tear)

smak, smakować - taste, taste

smalec - lard

spacer, spacerować - walk, go for a walk

stal - steel

stamp - stamp

ster, sterować - tax (device), control

szablon - stencil

szacht - installation shaft

szacować - appreciate

szal, szalik - scarf

szalować - bowls

szarfa - sash

szarwark - Scharwerk

szlaban - barrier (<barrier)

szlachtować - slaughter

szlafmyca - sleepyhead

szlafrok - bathrobe (<dressing gown)

szlag - apoplexy (<blow)

szlagier - hits

szlaka - slag

szlam - mud

szlara - veil (short feathers around the eyes in certain birds)

szlauch - hose

szlem - slam

szlif, szlifować, szlifierz - grinding, grinding, grinder

szlifa - epaulette (<loop)

szlichta - simple

szlufka - trouser loop for belt

szminka - make-up

szmugiel, szmuglować - smuggling, smuggling

sznur (ek) - cord

sznycel - schnitzel

sznycerz - carver

szok - shock

szopa, szopka - shed (simple wooden construction)

szor - a special kind of horse harness (<harness)

szorować - scrub

szpachla, szpachlówka - spatula (tool), spatula (compound)

szpadel - spade

szpalta - column (letterpress)

szpat - Spat (mineral; inflammation of the periosteum)

szpicel - spy

szprycować, sobie - inject yourself (drugs into your veins)

szpula - coil

szpunt - bung (cone)

szrama - scratch

sztych - wood, copper or steel engraving

sztab - staff (e.g. general staff, command staff)

sztaba - rod (metal rod), ingot

sztambuch - family book

sztag - stag

sztaluga - easel

sztanca - punch

sztandar - standard

sztanga - bar, dumbbell

sztapel - stack

sztok, pijany w - dead drunk

sztolnia - tunnels (in mining)

sztorm - storm (strong wind)

sztos - push (with a billiard stick)

sztucer - stutzen (hunting rifle)

sztuka - piece

szturm, szurmować - storm (attack), storm

sztyft - pen (elongated piece of metal or wood)

sztygar - Steiger (mining)

sztywny - stiff

szufla - shovel

szuflada - drawer

szumowina - scum

szumować - foaming, skimming, defoaming

szupo - Schupo (security police)

szus - shot ride (with skis)

szwabacha - Schwabacher (special type of fracture)

szwagier - brother-in-law

szwank - damage (<fluctuation)

szwarcować - blacken (smuggle)

szwindel, szwindlować - dizziness, dizziness

szyb - elevator chat (<push)

szyba - pane of glass

szyber - chimney slide

szyberdach - sunroof

szyk - Schick (order), word order

szyld - shield (board)

szylkret - tortoise shell (<tortoise)

szyna - rail

szynka - ham

szynkwas - bar counter

ślusarz - locksmith

śluza - sluice

śruba - screw

śruta - shot

talar - thaler

talerz - plate

tankować - refuel

tort - cake

tytka ( Silesian ) - bag

urlop - vacation

wachmistrz - security officer

wafel - waffle

waga - scales

wagon - wagon

walc - waltz

wanna - bathtub

warsztat - workshop

waserwaga - spirit level

weltszmerc - Weltschmerz

werbunek, werbować - z. B. Recruiting mercenaries, recruiting

winda - elevator (<winch)

wrak - wreck

zecer - typesetter

zegar - clock (<pointer)

żeglarz - sailor

zeitgeist - zeitgeist

Zeitnot - Zeitnot

Portuguese

approach - approach; exclusively in the mathematical sense , probably via American English (AE) into Brazilian Portuguese (BR)

blitz - traffic control ( BR )

Bremsstrahlung - bremsstrahlung; probably over AE in the BR

chopp or chope - draft beer (BR); from: Schoppen

cuca (BR) - crumble cake

delicatessen - delicatessen, delicatessen ; probably over AE in the BR

diesel engine or fuel

faustebol - fistball (BR)

kitsch - kitsch (BR)

malt beer - Malt beer (BR)

quark - quark (BR)

schmier (often also chimia) - spread, jam (BR); from the Riograndenser Hunsrückisch

sports hall - sports hall (BR)

strudel - apple strudel (BR)

Umklapp - Umklapp (BR)

valsa - waltz

Weltanschauung - Weltanschauung

zeitgeist - Zeitgeist (BR)

Romanian

"Ș" is pronounced as "sch", "ă" = "e" in "but", "ț" = "ts", "ch" like "k"

abțibild - decal
connection - connection
bere - beer
biglais, piglais - iron (only regional)
bliț - flash (camera)
bormașină - drilling machine
banțig - band saw
cartof, cartoflă - potato
chelner - waiter, waiter
chibiț - lapwing (playing cards)
chiflă - Kipferl, croissant
crenvurșt - Viennese sausages
Danțig - Gdansk
dorn - thorn (technical)
foraibăr - quarter turn
fraier - gullible, naive
fraier, -ă (m / f) - naive person
hală - half a pint (beer glass of half a liter)
helfgott - health !; if someone has sneezed or similar, not known everywhere.
there - hangman; used today as an animal catcher (dog catcher) or skinner
kitsch - kitsch
lagăr - warehouse
land - (federal) state
song - song
musai - must be, absolutely
Oberliht - skylight
Reich - (Third) Reich
rucsac - backpack
șanț - jump, bulwark work, also construction work
șină - rail, track
șindrilă - clapboard
șlagăr - Schlager
șlampăt, șleampăt - sloppy; from southern German / Austrian, not known everywhere
șlapi - slippers
a șlefui - grinding
șiip țuric - push back (command for horses)
șmirglu, șmirghel - emery (paper)
șnițel - schnitzel
șnur - cord
șpais - pantry (regional)
șpoher / șpoier - economy stove - regional
șorț - apron
șpriț - spritzer ("splashed" wine), (sprinkled) sprinkled
șpilhozen - play pants
ștafetă - relay
ștaif - stiff
a ștampila, ștampilă - to stamp, stamp
ștecher - plug
ștraif - Streif
ștrand - lido
ștreang - strand
șurub - screw
șubler - calliper
tișlaifăr - table runner
valley! (obsolete) - numbers! The invoice!
țel - goal
țol - inches
zaț - (coffee, print) sentence

Russian

A.

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
абзац ^{? / i}	abs	New High German paragraph	Paragraph (in press)
аблаут	ablaut	New High German ablaut	Ablaut (vowel change in the stem syllable of root-related words)
айнтопф	aintopf	New High German stew	Stew
айсберг	aisberg	iceberg	iceberg
аксельбант	akselbant	New High German armpit band <armpit, band	Armpit cords
алебастр	alebastr	alabaster	mostly alabaster glue paint, wall, ceiling paint
аншлаг ^{? / i}	attack	New High German stop	in front of a sold out house (stop in the theater)
аншлюс	connection	New High German connection	Connection of Austria
ахтунг	caution		Homosexual (pejorative)

Б

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
бакенбарды	bakenbardy	Whiskers	sideburns
бакштейн	bakshtein	German brick	Brick cheese
бант	bant	German band	loop
баумкухен	Baumkuchen	New High German Baumkuchen	tall, ring-shaped cake
биговка	bigowka	to bend new high German	To bend
бормаши́на	bormaschina	German drill	drilling machine
брандмауэр	firewall	German firewall	Firewall , firewall
брандмейстер	fire chief	New High German fire chief	(deprecated) conductor of the fire-fighting operations
(пить на) брудершафт	(pit na) brotherhood	new high German brotherhood	Drink brotherhood
бунд	Federation	New High German Bund	General Jewish Workers' Union (1897–1921)
бургомистр	burgomistr	mayor	mayor
бутерброд ^{? / i}	buterbrod	New High German bread and butter	occupied bread
буфер	bufer	German buffer	Buffers (railways) , dampers
бюкс	bjuks	New High German rifle	Weighing pan
бюстгальтер	bjustgalter	New High German brassiere	Top, bra

В

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
валторна	waltorna	New High German French horn	French horn
вальдшнеп	forest schnep	New High German woodcock, dial. Woodcock	Woodcock , Scolopax, Rusticula
ванна	wanna	New High German tub	Tub
вафля	waflja	New High German Waffel or New High German Wafel < Low German Wabe	waffle
вахта	wachta	New High German Wacht	guard
вахтёр	wachtjor	Guardian	Guardian
верстак	werstak	New High German workshop	Workbench, workbench , Workbench
вербовать	werbowat	advertise in German	recruit
верфь	throw	Dutch Werf	Shipyard , shipbuilding site
винт	wint	German thread	screw
вундеркинд	wonder child	wonder child	wonder child
вымпел	wympel	German pennant	pennant

Г

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
галстук ^{? / i}	galstuk	New High German scarf	Tie
гаршнеп	garschnep	New High German Harschnepfe - Swampcock	little snipe. Kind of common snipe
гастарбайтер	gastarbaiter	New High German guest workers	Guest workers , foreign workers
гастроли ^{? / i}	gastroli	New High German guest role <guest - гость + role - роль	Guest role , guest performance
гаубица	gaubiza	New High German howitzer	Litter gun for grenades and incendiary projectiles
гауптвахта	gauptwachta	New High German Hauptwache or Hauptwacht	Hauptwache
герцог	drawn	New High German Duke	duke
гипсокартон	plasterboard		Plasterboard
глазурь	glaze	New High German glaze	glaze
гоф-	gof-	New High German court, z. B. Гофдоктор "Hofdoktor", Гофмейстер "Hofmeister" etc.	Prefix in court titles
граф	count	New High German Graf	Count
гроссмейстер ^{? / i}	grandmaster	Grandmaster	Grandmaster (chess)
грунт	grunt	Polish Grunt <New High German reason	Foundation , soil

Д

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
дека	deca	New High German ceiling	Soundboard
демпфер	dempfer	new high German damper <dampen "moderate"	Dampers , retarders, vibration dampers
дизель	disel	diesel	diesel
дуршлаг	breakthrough	New High German Durchschlag <penetrate	Kitchen utensil for straining , sifting
дюбель	cheers	New High German dowels	Dowels

Е

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
егерь	jeger	New High German hunter	1. Hunter 2. Servant in hunter's garb for high personalities
енбель	jenbel	New High German planer	Carpenter's planer

З

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
зандр	sandr	New High German Sandr <Sand	Sander , gravel plain or gravel surface
зензубель	sensubel	New High German rabbet plane	Spring planes, rabbet plane, Toothed Blades

И

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
инцухт	inbreeding	New High German inbreeding <breeding	Inbreeding , reproduction among closely related organisms

К

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
камергер	kamerger	New High German Chamberlain	Chamberlain
канцлер	chancellor	new high German chancellor < Latin cancellarius (chancellery)	Chancellor
капельмейстер	kapelmeister	Kapellmeister	Kapellmeister
капут	broken	New High German kaputt "entzwei" < French capot <French game expression etre capot, faire capot "lose all tricks in the card game"	Spoilage , end , disaster
картофель	potato	potato	potato
кафель	kafel	New High German tile	tile
квартира	kwartira	Quarter	flat
кегль	cone	New High German cone "конус, кегль"	Cone , cone strength
кирка	about	Low German kirke, kerke, the form with -х - (- ch-) - from New High German church	evangelical church
кино	movie theater		Film, cinema
киршвассер	kirschwasser	New High German Kirschwasser	(outdated) kirsch
китель	kitel	New High German smock	Smock
китч	kittsch	kitsch	kitsch
клей, клеить	small, small		Glue, glue
клейстер	paste	New High German paste	paste
клёцки	kljozki	Polish Kloski <New High German dumpling <New High German dumpling	Dumpling, dumpling
клюфт	kljuft	New High German Kluft	Gap (in rock)
клякса	kljaksa	blob	blob
кнопка	knopka	Low German or New High German button	Button , drawing board pen, contact button
кнорпельверк	cartilage	New High German cartilage	Cartilage , tubers
котлета	kotleta	chop	Meatballs, meatballs
кран	crane	crane	crane
кунсткамера	art camera	New High German Kunstkammer	Antiques Museum
курорт	spa	New High German health resort	Health resort , medicinal bath

Л

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
лагерь	camp	German camp	Summer camp, labor camp, gulag
ландшафт	landscape	New High German landscape	Landscape (as painting)
ледерхозе	lederchose	new high German leather pants	Lederhose
лейтмотив ^{? / i}	leitmotiv	New High German leitmotif	Leitmotif ; Basic idea
лобзик	praise	New High German fretsaw	Fretsaw
лозунг	solution	Solution	Motto, slogan , slogan
люк	ljuk	gap	Flap, opening
люфт	ljuft	New High German air	Loose, air , play

М

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
маклер	estate agents	New High German broker	estate agents
маляр	maljar	New High German painter	painter
маршал	marshal	Old High German marescalc	Marshal
маршрут	marshrut	New High German marching route	Itinerary, route
Маршрутка	marshrutka	New High German derived from marching route	derived for line / shared taxi: " Marschrutka "
масштаб	masschtab	New High German standard	scale
матовый	matowy	New High German matt	matt , not shiny
матрац	matraz	New high German mattress	mattress
миттельшпиль	Mittelschpil	New High German middle game	Middle game (in chess game)
мундштук	mundschtuk	New High German mouthpiece - punched jaw	Mouthpiece , attachment piece, bar bridle
мюсли	mjusli	New High German Muesli <Mus - каша, пюре	Cereal .

Н

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
надфиль	nadfil	New High German needle file <needle	File needle , needle file
нейблау	neiblau	new high German new blue	Berlin blue
нейзильбер	nickel silver	New High German nickel silver	Argentan, nickel silver , white brass, white copper

О

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
обер	upper	New High German Ober	Often in tsarist titles such as: Обергофмейстер Oberhofmeister, Оберкамергер Oberkammerherr etc.
обшлаг	obschlag	New High German surcharge	Cuff on the sleeve
ортштейн	Ortschtein	New High German Ortstein	Ortstein
остарбайтер	ostarbaiter	New High German East Workers	Eastern workers

П

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
Пекарня	Peccary	Von Bäcker (Middle High German becker)	bakery
пакетбот	package bot	New High German package	Mail ship
парикмахер	parade maker	New High German wig maker	hair stylist
перламутр	perlamutr	New High German pearl mother, pearl mother < French mere-perle, Latin mater perlarum	Mother-of-pearl
плакат	poster	poster	poster
планка	planka	plank	Bar, lath
пластырь	plastyr	band Aid	band Aid
плац	plaz	New High German Platz < French place < Latin platea - street	Place (for military purposes and sports)
полтергейст	poltergeist	New High German rumble	Poltergeist , Klopfgeist
почтамт	potschtamt	New High German post office	Main post office
пульт	teacher's desk	teacher's desk	teacher's desk
пункт	Point	Point	Job
путч	Coup	Swiss putsch "violent shock, collision, bang"	Coup , conspiracy

Р

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
ратуша ^{? / i}	ratuscha	Polish ratusz < Middle High German rathus	Town hall (only as a building)
раухтопаз	smoking topaz	New High German Rauch + Greek topazos	Rauchtopaz, smoky quartz
рейс	rice	travel	Ride, flight
рейсфедер	rice pen	Drawing pen	Drawing pen
рейсмус	travelism	Tearing	Mark
рейтузы	reitusy	New High German riding breeches	Breeches
ремень	remen	belt	Strap, strap
рюкзак	rjuksak	New high German backpack	backpack

С

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
скелет	skeleton	German skeleton	skeleton
скрупулёзный	scrupulous	New High German unscrupulous	Sense in Russian: very precise, accurate, fussy
слесарь	slessary	New High German locksmith	Locksmith , plumber
спринцевать	sprinzewat	inject new high German	Do the washing up
стамеска	stameska	Low German stemmizn or New High German chisel	Chisels , chisels
струбцина	strubzina	New High German screw clamp , Low German screw clamp	Mounting bracket, screw clamp, screw jack, screw clamp , clasp, standing man, clamp
стул	stul	Low German chair (since 1319)	chair

Т

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
тальвег	valley path	New High German Talweg	Valley path
тодес	deaths	New High German death spiral	Death spiral
тонарм	tonearm	New High German tonearm	Tonearm
торф	peat	New High German peat	peat
трактор	tractor	German tractor	Tractor (agricultural vehicle)
траур	sad	Sadness	Sadness
траурный	traurni	Sadness	Mourning adjectival in connection, z. B. Funeral service, funeral march
туфли	tufli	< Low German tuffel < Middle Low German pantuffel < Italian pantofola	Shoe, slipper

У

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
умлаут	umlaut	New High German umlaut	umlaut
унтерофицер	unterofizer	New High German NCO	Sergeant

Ф

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
факел	flaw	torch	torch
фальшь	not correct	Polish falsz < Middle High German valsch	Falsehood, insincerity
фальц	fold	Fold	Fold, putty fold
фальцгебель	hinge	Rebate plane	Rebate plane
фант	fant	Deposit	Deposit (obsolete)
фартук	fartuk	Cloth	apron
фейерверк ^{? / i}	fejerwerk	New High German fireworks	Fireworks
фильтр	filtr	filter	filter
флагшток	flagschtok	Flagpole	Flagpole, inclined or horizontal: flagpole
флейта	fleita	flute	flute
флигель	fligel	wing	Building wing, side building
фляжка	fljaschka	Polish flaszka <New High German bottle	small metal bottle
форель	forel	Trout	Trout

Х

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
хинтерланд	chinterland	New High German hinterland	Backland
хормейстер	chorister	Greek choir + New High German master	Choirmaster

Ц

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
цанга	zanga	New High German pliers	Collet, expanding mandrel, pliers
цейтнот	time pressure	New High German Zeitnot	Time constraint (in chess)
цель	zel	target	target
цемент	cement	cement	cement
церковь	zerkov	Old Bavarian Kirko < Old High German chirihha <Greek <Greek ????????	church
цех	zech	Polish cech <New High German colliery "Association of people of the same class"	Guild , guild
цигарка	zigarka	cigar	hand-rolled cigarette
цигейка	zigeika	goat	Goat wool
циркуль	tsirkul '	Circle	Task Force, etc.
циркуляр	circular	New High German Circular < Latin circularis	Circular
цитра	citra	zither	zither
циферблат ^{? / i}	cifer leaf	New High German dial	Clock face
цоколь	zokol	base	base
цуг	train	New High German Zug	Team of three horses of the same color, educational prof. Train, a column, means of transport
цугом	Zugom	train	in a team of two or three couples, coll. in a row
цугцванг	zugzwang	New High German Zugzwang	Zugzwang (in chess)

Ш

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
шаблон	stencil	German stencil	template
шайба	shajba	New High German disc	Washer ; Puck (ice hockey)
шаль	scarf	German scarf	cloth
шарнир	sharnir	German hinge	hinge
шахта	schachta	New High German Schacht	Shaft for mining ores
шибер	schiber	German slide	Sliding device for closing a door or for closing the peephole on a cell door
шифер	schifer	New High German slate	slate
ширма	shield	German umbrella	Screen
шихта	schichta	New High German layer	Charging good, batch, use, batch, topping, charging, Moller, shift, rate
шлагбаум ^{? / i}	turnpike	New High German turnpike	Turnpike, barrier
шланг	snake	New High German snake	tube
шлиф	grind	German cut	Craft
шлюз	close	Low German sluse, Middle Low German sluse < Latin ехclusa "Schleuse, Wehr"	lock
шлягер	schljager	German Schlager	Bat
шнапс	schnapps	German schnapps	Schnapps (vodka)
шницель	schnizel	New High German Schnitzel	schnitzel
шноркель	snorkel	New High German snorkel	snorkel
шнур, шнуровать	cord, schnurowat	German cord, lace	Laces, lace up
шорле	spritzer	German spritzer	spritzer
шпагат	shpagat	German balancing act	Balancing act
шпатэль	shpatel	German spatula	spatula
шпинат	shpinach	German spinach	spinach
шпиндель	clapboard	German spindle	spindle
шпион	spy	german spy	spy
шпицрутены	schpizruteny	New High German pointed rods	Run the gantlet
шплинт	splint	New High German Splint	Sapwood
шприц	schpriz	New High German syringe <syringe	syringe
шрам	sham	German scratch	scar
шрифт	font	New High German script	Writing , letters (in letterpress)
штаб	shtab	New High German rod - "because the rod has been the symbol of power since ancient times"	Staff , the personnel belonging to the command
штанга	shtanga	New High German rod	Rod (iron); Barbell ( heavy athletics )
штангенциркуль	tangent circul	German rod circle (drawing device)	measuring stick
штапель	staple	German stack	Cellulose pulp
штат	schtat	German state	State
штатив	shtatiw	German tripod	frame
штемпель	schtempel	New High German stamp	stamp
штепсель	pebble	New High German plug	Socket , plug , plug
штифт	pen	New High German pen	small pen (technical; no pen)
штольня	shtolnja	German studs	Tunnel (mining)
шток	schtok	New High German Stock	Shaft, rod, stick
штопать	schtopat	Low German stoррen, Middle High German stuff "штопать" < Middle Latin stuppare <Greek	Plug
штора	shtora	German store	curtain
штрейкбрехер	trip breaker	New High German strike breaker	Strikebreakers
штраф	sharp	New High German punishment	Fine
штрих	dash	New High German dash	Line ; Trait
штудировать	shtudirowat	study German	to study
штука	schtuka	Polish sztuka <New High German piece	Piece , prank, dizziness
штурм	shower	German assault	Assault

Э

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
эдельвейс ^{? / i}	nobly	New High German Edelweis	Edelweiss (Leontopodium R. Br.)
эндшпиль	endschpil	New High German endgame	Endgame (chess)

Ю

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
юнкер	junker	New High German Junker <and. jonk (he) he	1. Sergeant of noble origin 2. Large landowner
юстировка	justirowka	adjust new high German < Latin justus	Buoyancy

Я

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
ягдташ	hunting bag	New High German hunting bag	Hunting bag
ярмарка	jarmarka	German fair	Fair

Jargon

Mining, geology

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
абзетцер	weaners	New High German drop off <	Weaners
аншлиф	grind	New High German cut	Bevel
бергамт	Bergamt	New High German Bergamt	(obsolete) Mining Authority in Eastern Siberia
гнейс	gneiss	New High German Gneiss < Old High German gneistan	Gneiss
горст	gorst	New High German Horst	Horst (geology)
грабен	dig	New High German Graben	Digging (geology)
грейзен	old age	old new high German	Old men
зандр	sandr	New High German Sandr <New High German Sand	Sander
зицорт	sizort	New High German seat <sit + place	Place of residence, in mining a place where the miner works sitting down or sitting down
зумпф	swamp	New High German swamp	Drain, sump, sump
кар	kar	Old High German kar, Middle Low German kar (e)	Kar
квершлаг	kwerschlag	New High German Querschlag	Cross passage
корнцанги	Kornzangi	New High German corn tongs	Forceps
маркшейдер	markscheider	New High German Markscheider	Markscheider (surveying engineer in mining)
нерунги	nerungi	New High German spit	Spit

Dog breeds

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
брусбарт	beard	New High German chest, beard	Kind of hunting dog , cross between a poodle and a chicken dog with a particularly thick beard and shaggy snout
дратхаар	dratchaar	New High German wire + hair	German Wirehaired Pointer
курцхаар	short hair	New High German Kurzhaar	German Shorthaired Pointer
лангхаар	langchaar	New High German long hair	German longhaired hair
миттельшнауцер	medium schnauzer	New High German Middle Schnauzer	Medium Schnauzer (also called Standard Schnauzer or simply Schnauzer)
мопс	pug	New High German Mops < Dutch Mopperen - making a grumpy face <Dutch Mopen	pug
пудель	poodle	New High German poodle <pudeln - splashing in the water	poodle
ризеншнауцер	risenschnauzer	New High German giant schnauzer	Giant schnauzer
такса	taksa	New High German badger	Dachshund , dachshund
цвергшнауцер	miniature schnauzer	New High German Miniature Schnauzer	Miniature Schnauzer
шпиц	schpiz	New High German Spitz (the same because of pointed ears and pointed snouts)	Pointed

Life at court

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
камердинер	camera diner	Valet	Valet
кучер	coachman	coachman	coachman
фрейлина	Freilina	German Miss	Lady in waiting
церемониймейстер	master of ceremonies	Master of ceremonies	Master of ceremonies
шлейф	grinding	grind	train

Medicine, stomatology

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
бикс	biks	New High German bixen or rifle	Sterilizing drum, sterilizing sleeve
бинт	bint	New High German band	Binding , Bandage, roller bandage
капа	kapa	New High German Карре	Mouthguard
кламмер	bracket	New High German bracket	Bracket (stomatology, surgery)
пустер	blow	New High German Puster	Rubber balloon- air blower
трипер	gonorrhea	Low German md. Tripper <trippen - drip	Gonorrhea, gonorrhea
флюс	fljus	New High German river - rheumatic suffering < Latin fluere <(loan translation) Greek ????? - flow	Tooth ulcer, river
шина	shina	New High German rail	rail
шприц	schpriz	New High German syringe	syringe
штопфер	sacrifice	New High German stuffer	Tamper , tamping instrument

Military affairs

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
абшнит	cut off	New High German section	(obsolete) section . Part of a fortification, separated from the other by an earth wall and a moat
берейтор	ready	New High German preparer	Rider of horses
бивак	bivouac	French bivouac < Low German bivouac "Beiwache" outdoors next to the main guard house housed in a building	(Gallicism) encampment .
блендунг	glare	New High German glare	Fascine defense (fortification)
блицкриг	blizzy	New High German Blitzkrieg	flash war
блокгауз	blokgaus	New High German Blockhaus (house with walls made of tree trunks)	(obsolete) log house (as a defense system)
болверк	bolwerk	New High German bulwark	bastion
брандер	fire	New High German Brander	Incendiary ship
бруствер	tough	New High German parapet	Parapet (loopholes)
вахмистр	wachmistr	polish wachmistrz < ostmdt. Wachtmeester - New High German Wachtmeister	Sergeant , senior sergeant in a squadron
гаубица	gaubiza	howitzer	howitzer
гросс-мессер	large knife	New High German large knife, cutting knife	large knife (a bladed weapon often used around 1500)
гильза	gilsa	New High German sleeve - оболочка, втулка	Cartridge case
дунст	haze	New High German haze	Haze . Finest shot
ефрейтор	efreitor	New High German private	Private , military. rank
квартирмейстер	kwartirmeister	New High German Quartermaster	Quartermaster
кронверк	crown work	New High German Kronwerk	Exterior fortification
ландскнехт	landsknecht	New High German Landsknecht	Landsknecht
патронташ	patrontasch	New High German cartridge pouch	Cartridge pouch , cartridge belt
рейтар	reitar	Polish raytar <New High German rider	Armored rider , soldier on horseback
фаустпатрон	patron saint	new high German fist cartridge	Fist cartridge
фельдмаршал	field marshal	Field Marshal	Field Marshal
фельдфебель	field fog	New High German Sergeant	sergeant
фельдшер	Feldscher	Feldscher	Feldscher (senior paramedic, from field surgeon)
шанец	schanez	Polish szaniec <New High German Schanze - defense construction in the field, basket	Schanze , small fortification
штаб	shtab	Rod	(Leadership / General) Staff

Economy, stock market, finance

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
бухгалтер	Buchgalter	New High German accountant	Accountant
вексель	weksel	New High German change	Bill of exchange , bond
гешефт	business	New High German business	business
гроссбух	capital book	New High German large book	Capital book
грюндерство	grjunderstwo	New High German founding	Founding period
декорт	decor	New High German decor	Decor , deduction
крах	crash	New High German noise	Collapse; Fail; Bankrupt
маклер	estate agents	Low German Makler <Low German Maken	Brokers , intermediaries
фрахт	freight	Dutch vracht or New High German freight	Freight , freight charge
штандорт	location	New High German location	Advantageous arrangement of industrial companies
штафель	blackboard	New High German seasons	Balance account

seafaring

Russian	transcription	etymology	Remarks
боцман	bozman	New High German boatswain
капитан	captain	New High German captain
каюта	kajuta	New High German cabin
камбуз	cambus	New High German galley
люк	ljuk	New High German Luke	Hatch (also outside of seafaring)
матрос	sailor	New High German sailor
флот	afloat	New High German fleet
флотилия	flotilija	New High German flotilla	fleet
шлюпка	schljupka	New High German sloop	small rowboat
штиль	schtil	New High German silence	Calm
шторм	schtorm	New High German Sturm
штурман	schturman	New High German helmsman	Helmsman (also in aviation)
юнга	junga	New High German boy	Cabin boy
яхта	jachta	Dutch jacht < Middle Low German jachtschip "Jagdschiff"

Swedish

The use of the Stockholm dialect is particularly rich in German loanwords and Germanisms, i.e. linguistic constructions that actually come from the German language. The reason for this wealth is the interaction of the two languages during the Hanseatic period.

but - in the sense of but, obstacle, objection
avnämare - takers; from: goods
know it all - know it all
bratwurst - bratwurst
daler - thaler
durkslag - colander, colander
fogsvans - Foxtail saw
eat found - eat found
Gesäll - journeyman
goulash baron - nouveau riche , someone who enriches himself with dark business (e.g. groceries in times of crisis)
business - business (disparaging, in the sense of tailoring money)
throat flow - tonsillitis
Heila - show the Hitler salute
hillebard - halberd
broken - broken
ont krut - coll. for weeds
profilbild - profile picture
schnitzel - schnitzel
snelltåg - express train
about - ug. in compositions
approximately - approximately
väck - away, as in take away, etc.
from above - seen from above (figuratively)
wallraffa - research under a false identity; after Günter Wallraff

Slovenian

exhaust - exhaust
blinker - blinker
bremza - brakes
bremzpakne - brake shoes
cagati - hesitate, hesitate
cajt - time
cegel - brick
cilj - goal
cimer - roommate, roommate
cvirn - thread
cukr - sugar
fergazer carburetor
firnk - curtain
handlanje - action
lever - lever
hec - hustle and bustle
kič - kitsch
kremšnita - cream slices (cake)
lajšta - groin
Laufanje - running
lojtra - head
luster - chandelier
mašna - mesh
nagelj - carnation
pir - beer
puter - butter
šajba - disc
šaflja - shovel
šimfanje - scolding
šlavf - hose
špeh - bacon
šporhet - stove
šport - sport
špukanje - spitting
šravf - screw
šravfenciger - screwdriver
štel - frame
štemajzelj - chisels
štrudelj - strudel
švicanje - sweating
švinglanje - dizziness
vaza - vase
ziherica - locking ring
žajfa - soap
žnura - cord

Spanish

chucrut - sauerkraut
delicatessen - delicacies
estrudel - strudel, e.g. B. Apple strudel
Dasein - Dasein (philosophy)
foot - by foot! (Dog command)
here here! (Dog command)
hinterland - hinterland
iceberg - iceberg
kaiser - historically for the German Kaiser, regional and for the playing card king needed
broken - broken
children - kindergarten in Latin America; got into Spanish via the English kindergarten
kitsch - kitsch
cake - cake (Chile)
kursaal - Kursaal
leitmotiv - leitmotif
lever - liver sausage (Argentina)
rag - rag (Peru)
muesli - muesli
place - place! (Dog command)
poltergeist - poltergeist
sit - sit! (Dog command)
vals - waltz
ahead - ahead! (Dog command)
Weltanschauung - Weltanschauung
zeitgeist - zeitgeist

Swahili

bruda - friar
-dachi - German (outdated, today: -jerumani)
hela - money; from: Heller
maneva - maneuver
mashine - machine
shule - school

Czech

arkýř - bay window
cihelna, cihla - brickworks, brick
cíl - goal
cukr - sugar
there - pie
drát - wire
facka - slap in the face (< A cunt)
fajnšmekr - gourmet, connoisseur
falšovat - fake
farář - pastor
fešák - beautiful (< A fesch)
flaška - bottle
fotr - father (pejorative)
fusekle - socks (<foot socks)
grázl - Grasel
grupa - group
hadr - lobe (< A rag )
hajzl - toilet; also as a swear word "ty hajzle", you depp '(< A Häusl)
hajzlpapír ( very casual ) - toilet paper (< A "house paper")
hausknecht - house servant
hausmajstr - caretaker
hochštapler - impostor, show-off
kacíř - heretic
kachl, kachlík - tile
kachlák - tiled stove
kajuta - cabin
broken - broken
klenot - jewelry (<gem)
ksicht - grimace (<face)
kšeft - shop (for both a trade and a shop)
kufr - suitcase
kýbl - bucket (<bucket)
líbesbríf ( casually ) - Love Letter
majstrštyk ( casually ) - masterpiece
malíř - painter
Ortel - judgment
papír - paper
polštář - pillow (< A pillow )
pekař - baker
pucovat - clean, clean
pumpa - gas station (<pump)
regál - shelf
ruksak - backpack
sichhajcka - safety pin
sál - hall
šablona - stencil
šafář - foreman (<Schaffer)
šálek - cup (< A bowl)
sekýrovat - A seck
šenk, in: vinný šenk - wine tavern (<tavern)
šorc - apron
šnuptychl - sniff cloth (<"snuff cloth")
šňůra - cord
špagát - string (< A splits )
špajz - pantry (< A food)
špárkasa - savings bank
spořit - save
šroub - screw
šroubovák - screwdrivers, screwdrivers
štamgast - regular guest
štrúdl - apple strudel
šuplík - drawer
švagr, švagrová - brother-in-law, sister-in-law
stodola - barn; from: Stadl
tác, tácek - A Tazerl
trychtýř - funnel
tancovat, tanec - dance, dance
vana - tub
vata - cotton wool
vercajk - tool

Turkish

"Ş" corresponds to German "sch"

aysberg - iceberg
Alshaymer - Alzheimer's
housing glass - beaker
bitter - bitter
difenbahya - Dieffenbachia , a plant
diril - drill
dowels - dowels
faşing - carnival
feldspar - feldspar
fertik - train attendants (they always called "ready" when the train was ready to depart)
filinta - shotgun
Foksvogen - Volkswagen
fuspet - footbed
German Studies - German Studies
gestalt - gestalt
gnays - gneiss
Göztepe - name for a Walther P38 . Derived from the Gestapo , for whom it was supposedly developed.
dig - dig
grossmarket - wholesale market
haymatlos - homeless
hinterlant - hinterland
hornblent - hornblent
horst -
broken - broken, failed; actual meaning: "bonnet"
karst -
kayzer - emperor
kuruş - penny
laytmotif - leitmotif
loess - loess

mark - mark

marka - brand

gun on the manufacturer: - Mavzer. Mauser due

Nazi - Nazi

otoban - highway

otopark - car park / parking lot

panzer - tanks

rate - rat

driver -

ringa -

şalter - switch

şinitzel - schnitzel

şipidak - sunroof

sofa - sofa

tekniker - technician

tifdruk - gravure printing

tonmayster - sound engineer

tulip - tulip

vaks - wax

vasistas - skylight (see French: "vasistas")

guess - wormwood

zeplin - zeppelin

Ukrainian

бурштин (burschtyn) - amber
дах (roof) - roof
драйфус (drajfus) - tripod , three-legged stool , stool
дріт (third) - wire
пляшка, фляжка (pljaschka, fljaschka) - bottle
фах (fach) - subject, subject, specialty, occupation
фарба (farba) - color
ґвалт (gwalt) - violence
квиток (kwytok) - receipt
кнайпа (knajpa) - pub
крейда (krejda) - chalk
куля (kulja) - sphere
ліхтар (lichtar) - candlesticks
майстер (majster) - master
малювати (maljuwaty) - paint
маршрутка (marschrutka) - shared taxi on fixed routes (march / travel route, маршрут)
мур (mur) - wall
плюндрувати (pljundruwaty) - plunder
шухляда (schuchljada) - drawer
поштамт (poschtamt) - post office
шпиталь (schpital) - hospital
смарагд (smarahd) - emerald
кахель (tile) - tile
краватка (krawatka) - tie
папір (papir) - paper
ціль (zil) - the goal

Hungarian

In the case of Hungarian, there are a number of words that come from German. The reason for this abundance of German words in the Hungarian language, apart from the geographical proximity, is the 1000-year-old cultural and historical coexistence that took place under Austria-Hungary (1867-1919) and under the Habsburg rule (1526 –1919) completed. It was already quite common in Hungary for educated people to speak German among each other, and most scientific works in Hungary were published in German.

Pronunciation: c for ts, cs for ch, s for sch, sz for voiceless s (ß), z for voiced s

anslusz - annexation of Austria in 1938

afektált - affected

ármányos - cunning, scheming; from: Middle High German arm-man - poor man / farmer. In Hungarian, the meaning changed first to rascal and thief, then to mischievous, cunning.

bakfis - adolescent girl, fried fish

bakter - night watchman, railway attendant; from: Wächter, first document 1728

bál - ball

báró - baron

receipt - receipt of purchase

bifláz - to buffalo

bliccelni - mine bounce, dodging : from flash

recorder - recorder

blokkolni - block / block

bódé - booth

Börze - stock exchange

borosta - brush

cech - colliery, payment for food and drinks

colstok - folding rule; First document in 1833

copf - braid

cumi - pacifier ; from: zuzeln

dajer, permanent - perm

dekni - lid

drill - drill

drót - wire

dunsztol - steam

eszcájg - eating utensils, cutlery (obsolete)

fácán - pheasant

fájront - after work

fakszni - faxing

falcolni - making folds, tinsmiths, bottlers

fánk - pancakes

fater - father

filter - filter

firhang - curtain (obsolete)

firnisz - varnish, first document 1753

flekken - a kind of roast beef; after German stains

froclizni - to tease

breakfast, breakfast, breakfast; outdated; borrowed as fölöstököm in the 14th century

fuccs - gone

fukar - stingy, curmudgeon; after the Fugger patrician family from Augsburg

furmányos - carter; outdated

furnéroz - veneer; First document 1809

fuszekli - socks, foot

géz - gauze

giccs - kitsch

gipsz - plaster of paris

glanc - shine

gróf - count

gumi - rubber

gyolcs - canvas; named after the word kölsch in the 14th century , as the city of Cologne was an important center of the textile industry.

háklis - tricky

hecc - agitation; in the sense of joke

hecsedli - A Hetscherl = rose hip

herring - herring

herceg - duke ; already occupied around 1405

hokedli - stool

hózentróger - braces

indiáner - A Indian donut = chocolate kiss

istrang - strand

kártya - card

kártyázni - card games

keksz - biscuit; First document in 1873, originally borrowed into German from English cakes (small cakes)

kel - savoy cabbage; from: Kohl

kifli - A Kipferl

klingertégla - clinker stone

Kobold - Kobold

suitcase - suitcase

alcohol - lies, fiction; from "cooking" to the meaning of "boiling something out" to "inventing something, lying"

kolonc - block

kóstolni - cost

koszt - food

crash - stock market crash, bankruptcy

kredenc - showcase

krigli - jug

krumpli - A grumberry, ground pear = potato

kuglizni - bowling

kuglóf - bowl cake; from: Gugelhupf

kukkolni - look, look

kuncsaft - customer; from: customers, first document 1753 (colloquial)

clutch - clutch

kussolni - kush

lamentálni - to lament

lakk - varnish; First document from 1783.

lazur - glaze; First document 1635

liliom - lily; see. with Turkish "Lale"

likőr - liqueur

lózung - solution

lufi - air balloon

májszter - master; First document 1816

míder - bodice

muszáj - to be necessary, a must

müzli - muesli

nokedli - dumplings

núdli - noodle

ostrom - attack; from: Sturm (attack)

puff - flabbergasted

palacsinta - pancakes

paradicsom - A tomato = tomato

partvis - brush made of bristles; from: Austrian "Bartwisch"

bad luck = bad luck

pék - baker; after the southern German Beck , first document 1799

perec - pretzel

préselni - squeeze out, push through

prézli - crumbs = breadcrumbs

próbálni - try on / try on

puccs - coup

pucol - clean, squat; from: cleaning

puncs - Puntsch

pumpa - pump

raccsol - not properly mastering the tip of the tongue; from: Bavarian "ratschen"

radírgumi - eraser

rapli - Rappel

ringlispil - A roundabout game = carousel

rükverc - reverse gear on vehicles

saccolni - appreciate

sál - shawl

sámli - stool

seftelni - do business

sikk - chic

sín - rail

sintér - Schinder, skinner , first document 1780

slafrok - dressing gown

sláger - hit, hit

slendriánság - Schlendrian

smakol - taste

smarni - Kaiserschmarrn

smirgli - emery paper; First document in 1788

smuzig - coll. stingy

snidling - chives

snájdig - dashing, well-cut (obsolete)

spájz - A food = pantry

sparhert - southern Spaar stove, kitchen stove, cooking area

spórolni - save

spriccel - syringe

svindli - dizziness

svung - swing

stempli - stamp

surc - apron; after southern German "Schur", first document 1604

suszter - shoemaker; First document in 1766

tinglitangli - tingeln

tipli - dowels

torta - cake

traccs - gossip

tróger - carrier; coll. unskilled workers, pej. disparaging: useless

tusolni - shower

tussolni - to wash

vándorol - hiking

váza - vase

vekker - alarm clock

vekni - rolls, awakening

vicc - joke

vigéc - boars, advertisers, wandering traders; according to German "How are you?" (outdated)

vircsaft - economy - in the sense of "doing something" (colloquial)

virsli - sausages

vurstli - A Gewurschtel, in the sense of fair, fair

zacc - coffee grounds

zihereisztű - safety pin (obsolete)

zokni - socks

zsemle - bread roll

zsinor - cord

Belarusian

цэгла (zehla) - brick
чынш (chynsch) - interest
дах (roof) - roof
дрот (drot) - wire
друк (druk) - pressure
файна (fajna) - fine
фальш, фальшаваць (false, falseawaz) - false, fake
фарба (farba) - color
ґвалт (gwalt) - violence
гандаль (handal) - trade
гатунак (hatunak) - variety, genus
гешэфт (hescheft) - business
кірха (kircha) - Protestant church
кляйнот (kljajnot) - gem
кнопка (knopka) - button
кошт (koscht) - cost
кшталт (kschtalt) - kind, shape
кучар (kutschar) - coachman
куфэрак (kuferak) - suitcase, chest
куля (kulja) - shooting ball
квіток (kwitok) - receipt
ліхтар (lichtar) - candlesticks
майстар (majstar) - master
маляваць (maljawaz) - paint
мур (mur) - wall
паштамт (pashtamt) - post office
пляц (pljaz) - place
помпа (pompa) - pump
пункт (point) - point
рабаўнік (rabaunik) - robbers
рахаваць, рахунак (rachawaz, rachunak) - to count, to count
ратунак (ratunak) - salvation
ратуша (ratuscha) - City Hall
рэшта (reschta) - rest
рукзак (ruksak) - backpack
рыхтык (rychtyk) - right, exactly
рызыка (rysyka) - risk
шлягер (schljaher) - Schlager
шляйф, шлейф (schljajf, schlejf) - loop
штэмпэль (schtempel) - stamp
штольня (shtolnja) - studs
штрых (schtrych) - line
штыфт (schtyft) - pen
швагер (schwaher) - brother-in-law
шпацыраваць, шпацыр (shpazyrawaz, shpazyr) - walking, strolling
шыба (schyba) - disc
шыхт (schycht) - layer, row
шынка (schynka) - ham
шырма (shyrma) - screen
талер (taler) - thaler
талерка (talerka) - plate
варштат (warschtat) - workshop
варта (warta) - wait
вартасьць (wartasz) - value

Tok Pisin

balaistift (today also “pensil” from English “pencil”) - pencil
pray (today also “prea” from English “to pray”) - pray
bensin - gasoline, fuel
binen - bee
blood - blood
boamasin - drill
brait - broad, broad
bruda - Catholic lay brother
esik - vinegar
fork (today also “pok” from English “fork”) - fork, pitchfork
gumi - rubber
hama - hammer
house selt - tent
hebsen - peas
planer - planer
kail - wedge
kailim tok - to express oneself obscured or unclear; from: Keil (used as verb: kailim + tok; from Engl. "talk")
kuken - small cake
laim - glue, glue
slowly - walk slowly, dawdle
maisel - chisel
maski - don't worry! No matter!
plang - plank
plasta - plaster
prista - priest
out - go! Out of the way!
rausim - emptying, discharging, throwing away / throwing out, cleaning
ros - rust
ruksack - backpack; maybe via British English backpack
strafim - punish
supkar - wheelbarrow
surikim or srukim - undo, go backwards; from: back

Other languages

krumpli - potato; from: "Grundbirne" (in Banat , Serbia )
pompe benzin - gas station ( Persian )
Plaster - adhesive plaster (entered into all languages of Togo )
Sündapp - Zündapp ; Synonym for motorcycle, moped (in Togo, West Africa )
broken - when something is destroyed (Luganda, Lutoro and other languages in Uganda )
kohlrabi - Kohlrabi ( Afghanistan )
kaisa - emperor ( Samoan )
kumi - rubber ( Marshallese )
karmoból - gramophone ( Palauian )

Planned languages

Also planned languages such as Esperanto or Yiddish include words from the German language. Examples from Esperanto: hela (= bright), glata (= smooth), baki (= bake), laŭta (= loud), laŭ (= loud, according to), danki (= thank), trinki (= drink), ŝteli (= steal), ŝvebi (= float), baldaŭ (= soon), anstataŭ (= instead of), ŝranko (= cupboard), hundo (= dog), ŝajno (= appearance), hejmo (= home), ŝultro (= Shoulder), haŭto (= skin), haro (= hair), knabo (= boy).

literature

Jutta Limbach ; German Language Council , Goethe Institute (Ed.): Emigrated words . A selection of the most interesting contributions to the international call for proposals «Emigrated words». 1st edition. Hueber Verlag , Ismaning 2006, ISBN 3-19-107891-6 .
Sven Siedenberg: Besservisser at Kaffeeklatsching: German words abroad - a lexicon. Munich 2009. (online at Google books)
Andrea Stiberc: Sauerkraut, Weltschmerz, Kindergarten and Co. German words in the world. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau / Basel / Vienna 1999.
Andrzej de Vincenz, Gerd Hentschel: Dictionary of German loanwords in the Polish written and standard language (= Studia Slavica Oldenburgensia. Volume 20). BIS-Verlag (online), Oldenburg 2010.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Gëzim Xhaferri and Ferit Rrustemi (2017): On the current situation of the German language and German studies in Albanian-speaking countries - in: Csaba Földes (ed.), Centers and Peripheries - German and its intercultural relations in Central Europe, contributions to intercultural German studies, volume 7. Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, pp. 293–303, here p. 295. ISBN 978-3-8233-8075-7 .

↑ Politics Slangordbog , 4th ed . 1989.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab (ed.): Den Danske Ordbog. 6 volumes, Gyldendal, Copenhagen 2003–2005, also online .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Åge Nielsen, Niels: Dansk Etymologisk Ordbog - Ordenes Historie . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 2nd edition 1991.

^ Article by in the Danish Wikipedia and "Om anvendelsen af 'by' i danske navne" , Danmarks Adels Aarbog .

↑ Finnish "Kaffepaussi" not German? on Science.ORF.at on December 11, 2006, accessed on August 20, 2020.

↑ ^a ^b Frogleap: German words in the French language. (online) .

^ William Jervis Jones: Historical Lexicon of German Color Designations . De Gruyter 2013, p. 504 .

↑ Etymology - Germanisms

↑ Keyword Boulevard . In: Wolfgang Pfeifer et al .: Etymological Dictionary of German (1993), digitized and revised version in the Digital Dictionary of the German Language, < https://www.dwds.de/d/wb-etymwb >, accessed on August 21, 2020.

↑ Sara Lemel: About "spatulas" and "Strudeln" - in Hebrew a lot still sounds German. In: The Berlin literary criticism. February 3, 2010, accessed June 23, 2019 .

↑ Hugh Brody: Hunters of the North. People in the Canadian Arctic. Hammer-Verlag, Wuppertal 1998, p. 165 f.

↑ Taeko Kamiya: Tuttle New Dictionary of Loanwords in Japanese: A User's Guide to Gairaigo, Tuttle 1994 ( Online at Google books )

^ ^A ^b ^c Mark Irwin: Loanwords in Japanese. (= Studies in Language Companion Series. 125). Amsterdam / Philadelphia 2011, pp. 50–53.

↑ Siedenberg, Besservisser ... p. 156 ( online at Google books )

↑ German words in the Latvian language

^ German words in the Dutch language

↑ know-it-all. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ dexterity. In: Store norske leksikon . Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian).

↑ ^a ^b postplay. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ founder. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
↑ katzenjammer. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ broken. In: Bokmålsordboka. Retrieved October 4, 2018 (Norwegian).
↑ or otherwise. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
↑ slager. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ snikksnakk. In: Bokmålsordboka. Retrieved October 4, 2018 (Norwegian).
↑ foreplay. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Władysław Kopaliński: Słownik wyrazów obcych i zwrotów obcojęzycznych. Warsaw 2007, ISBN 978-83-7399-222-1 , also online ( memento of the original dated August 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Słownik języka polskiego pod redakcją Witolda Doroszewskiego: rausz
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da Vasmer: Russian etymological dictionary .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d С. М. Локшина: Краткий словарь иностранных слов , Издательство "Советская энциклопедия" 1971.
↑ ^a ^b ^c А. Ю. Ишлинский: Новый политехнический словарь , "Большая Российская Энциклопедия", 2000.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d А. Н. Криштошевич: Геологический словарь , vol. 1, Издательство "Госгеолтехиздат" 1955.
↑ Григорьев: Краткая географическая энциклопедия , Vol. 4, Хинтерланд
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e И. В. Лёхин: Словарь иностранных слов , Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словаре .

↑ А. Н. Чудинов: Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка , Брусбарт

↑ Л. П. Крысин: Толковый словарь иностранных слов , дратхаар

↑ Л. П. Крысин: Толковый словарь иностранных слов , Шприц

↑ ^a ^b В. Даль: Толковый словарь живого великорусскаго языка , Том 1, Изданiе поставщиковъ двовора ЕКГО ВАЕАВАТО РИМАТО.ЕМАМ ВАМАТО.ЕМ ВАМАТО. О. Вольф, Москва, 1903.

↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 1. А – Безпристрастие, Наука, Ленинград, 1984ff, p. 12

↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 2. Безпристрастный a – Вейэр., Наука, Ленинград 1984ff, p. 61

↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 2. Безпристрастный – Вейэр, Наука, Ленинград 1984ff, pp. 68–69

↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 11. Крепость – Льняной, Наука, Ленинград, 1984ff, p. 33

↑ Ádám Nádasdy: Hungarian - a golden cage? Hungary, the book fair focus 1999. Why the Hungarian language is so unique in the world (PDF); in: Die Zeit, issue 42/1999.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo A. Stiberc: Sauerkraut, Weltschmerz, Kindergarten & Co. Freiburg i. Br. 1999, pp. 58-69.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Janna Lisa Zimmermann: The Increasing Anglicization of Tok Pisin. An Analysis of the Wantok Corpus. Dissertation. Heidelberg 2010, p. 19 ( online (PDF; 3.86 MB))

↑ ^a ^b ^c Stefan Engelberg: Kaisa, Kumi, Karmoból. German loan words in the languages of the South Pacific (PDF; 1.0 MB), In: Institute for German Language (Hrsg.): Sprachreport. 04/2006, Mannheim, pp. 2–9, here p. 2.